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Table of Contents
1. Safety Precautions and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.3 Location of the Data Link Connector (DLC). . . . . . . . . . 4 2.4 OBD II Readiness Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.5 OBD II Monitor Readiness Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.6 OBD II Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.7 OBD II Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. Using the Code Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . 3.1 Tool Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 Accessories Included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.4 Navigation Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . 3.5 Vehicle Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.6 Product Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.7 Vehicle Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4. OBD II Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.1 Reading Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.2 Erasing Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3 Live Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.4 Viewing Freeze Frame Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.5 Retrieving I/M Readiness Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.6 Viewing Vehicle Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.7 Exiting the OBDII Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5. Warranty and Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.1 Limited One Year Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.2 Service Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6. Appendix - PID abbreviations and explanations . . . . . . . . . 28 . 1
2. General Information
2.1 On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) II
The first generation of On-Board Diagnostics (called OBD I) was developed by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and implemented in 1982 to monitor some of the emission control components on vehicles. As technology evolved and the desire to improve the On-Board Diagnostic system increased, a new generation of On-Board Diagnostic system was developed. This second generation of On-Board Diagnostic regulations, which was implemented in 1996, is called "OBD II". Under guidelines set forth by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) a standardized protocol was put in place. All automobile manufacturers selling cars in the US since 1996 must comply with OBD II requirements. The OBD II system is designed to monitor emission control systems and key engine components by performing either continuous or periodic tests of specific components and vehicle conditions. When a problem is detected, the OBD II system turns on an amber warning lamp (MIL) on the vehicle instrument panel to alert the driver typically by the phrase of Check Engine or Service Engine Soon. The system will also store important information about the detected malfunction so that a technician can accurately find and fix the problem. Below are three pieces of such valuable information: 1) If the Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) is commanded on or off. 2) Which, if any, Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) are stored; 3) Readiness Monitor status.
DTC Example
P0202
Last two digits identify individual component within the system.
Code Type Generic (SAE): P0, B0, C0, U0, Manufacturer Specific: P1, P2 B1, B2 C1, C2 U1, U2
Sub-systems 1= Fuel and Air Metering 2= Fuel and Air Metering 3= Ignition System or Engine Misfire 4= Auxiliary Emission Controls 5= Vehicle Speed Control and Idle Controls 6= Computer Output Circuits 7= Transmission Controls 8= Transmission Controls
Non-Continuous Monitors -- Unlike the continuous monitors, many emissions and engine system components use multiple sensors to ensure the integrity of each system listed below. These system monitors require the vehicle to be operated under specific conditions (engine speed, coolant temperature, duration of drive etc.) before the monitor is ready to be tested. These monitors are termed non-continuous monitors and are listed below: 1. EGR System - Exhaust Gas Recirculation for reducing greenhouse gases. 2. O2 Sensors - Used to monitor and adjust air/fuel mixture. 3. Catalyst - Used to reduce exhaust emissions. 4. Evaporative System - Used to monitor the integrity of fuel tank system. 5. O2 Sensor Heater - Brings 02 sensor to correct operating temperature. 6. Secondary air - Used to reduce exhaust emissions. 7. Heated Catalyst - Brings catalyst to correct operating temperature.
system can not turn the MIL off until the necessary repairs are completed or the condition no longer exists. DTC -- Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) that identify which section of the emission control system has malfunctioned. Enabling Criteria -- Also termed Enabling Conditions. They are the vehiclespecific events or conditions that must occur within the engine before the various monitors will set, or run. Some monitors require the vehicle to follow a prescribed drive cycle routine as part of the enabling criteria. Drive cycles vary among vehicles and for each monitor in any particular vehicle. OBD II Drive Cycle -- A specific mode of vehicle operation that provides conditions required to set all the readiness monitors applicable to the vehicle to the ready condition. The purpose of completing an OBD II drive cycle is to force the vehicle to run its onboard diagnostics. Some form of a drive cycle needs to be performed after DTCs have been erased from the PCMs memory or after the battery has been disconnected. Running through a vehicles complete drive cycle will set the readiness monitors so that future faults can be detected. Drive cycles vary depending on the vehicle and the monitor that needs to be reset. For vehicle specific drive cycle, consult the vehicles Owners Manual. Freeze Frame Data -- When an emissions related fault occurs, the OBD II system sets a code and records a snapshot of the vehicle operating parameters to help identify the problem. This set of values is referred to as Freeze Frame Data and may include important engine parameters such as engine RPM, vehicle speed, air flow, engine load, fuel pressure, fuel trim value, engine coolant temperature, ignition timing advance, or closed loop status.
Mode $01 - Identifies the Powertrain information and shows current data available to the scan tool. This data includes: DTCs set, status of on-board tests, and vehicle data such as engine RPM, temperatures, ignition advance, speed, air flow rates, and closed loop status for fuel system. Mode $02 - Displays Freeze Frame data. Same data as in mode 1, but it was captured and stored when a malfunction occurred and a DTC was set. Some of the PIDs for mode one are not implemented in this mode. Mode $03 - Displays the type of powertrain or emission related DTCs stored by a 5 digit code identifying the faults. There may be more than one response message if there are more trouble codes than will fit in the data bytes of the response message, or if there are more than one ECU computer responding. Mode $04 - Used to clear DTCs and Freeze Frame data. This clears all diagnostic trouble codes that may be set including freeze frame data and readiness monitors. Mode $05 - Oxygen Sensor Test Results. This mode displays the oxygen sensor monitor screen and the test results gathered about the oxygen sensor. There are ten numbers available for diagnostics: 1. $01 Rich-to-Lean O2 sensor threshold voltage 2. $02 Lean-to-Rich O2 sensor threshold voltage 3. $03 Low sensor voltage threshold for switch time measurement 4. $04 High sensor voltage threshold for switch time measurement 5. $05 Rich-to-Lean switch time in ms 6. $06 Lean-to Rich switch time in ms 7. $07 Minimum voltage for test 8. $08 Maximum voltage for test 9. $09 Time between voltage transitions in ms Mode $06 - Non-Continuously Monitored Systems test results. There are typically a minimum value, a maximum value, and a current value for each noncontinuous monitor. This data is optional, and it is defined by a given vehicle maker if its used. Mode $07 - Request for DTCs (pending) from Continuously Monitored Systems after a single driving cycle has been performed to determine if repair has fixed a problem. This is used by service technicians to verify repair was performed properly and after clearing diagnostic trouble codes.
Mode $08 - This Special Control Mode requests control of the on-board system, test, or component bi-directionally (where applicable). This mode is manufacturer specific. Mode $09 - Reports vehicle information. This information includes vehicle VIN number and calibration information stored in the vehicle ECUs.
Table 1: Comparison of MaxiScan Tool Capabilities Mode Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9 * With on-screen graphing MaxiScan MS310
MaxiScan
MS509 *
3.2 Specifications
1) Display: Backlit, 128 x 64 pixel display 2) Operating Temperature: 0 to 60C (32 to 140 F) 3) Storage Temperature: -20 to 70C (-4 to 158 F) 4) Power: 8 to 18 Volts provided via vehicle battery 5) Dimensions: Length Width Height 110.3 mm (4.34) 69.5 mm (2.74) 20.2 mm (0.80) 6) NW: 0.18Kg (0.39lb), GW: 0.21Kg (0.46lb)
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The Settings will remain until changes to the existing settings are made. To enter the setup menu From the second startup screen, press SCROLL button to enter System Setup menu. Follow the instructions to make adjustments and settings as described in the following setup options.
The number 1/4 to the upper right corner of the screen indicates total number of items under the menu and sequence of currently selected item.
Language Setup
English is the default language. 1) From System Setup menu, use SCROLL button to select Language, and press ENTER/EXIT button.
2) Use SCROLL button to select the desired language and press ENTER/EXIT button to save your selection and return to previous menu.
Unit of Measurement
Metric is the default measurement unit.
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1) From System Setup menu, use SCROLL button to select Unit of Measure and press ENTER/EXIT button.
2) From Unit of Measure menu, use SCROLL button to select the desired unit of measurement.
3) Press ENTER/EXIT button to save your selection and return to previous menu.
Contrast Adjustment
1) From System Setup menu, use SCROLL button to select Contrast, and press ENTER/EXIT button.
3) Press ENTER/EXIT button to save your settings and return to previous menu.
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4. OBD II Diagnostics
When more than one vehicle control module is detected by the scan tool, you will be prompted to select the module where the data may be retrieved. The most often to be selected are the Powertrain Control Module [PCM] and Transmission Control Module [TCM].
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CAUTION: Dont connect or disconnect any test equipment with the ignition on, or with the engine running.
1) Turn the engine off. 2) Locate the vehicles 16-pin Data Link Connector (DLC). 3) Plug into the OBDII cable to the vehicles DLC. 4) Turn the ignition on. Engine can be off or running. 5) Press ENTER/EXIT button to enter Diagnostic Menu. A sequence of messages displaying the OBDII protocols will be observed on the display until the vehicle protocol is detected. If the code reader fails to communicate with the vehicles ECU (Engine Control Unit), a LINKING ERROR! message shows up on the display. Verify that the ignition is ON; Check if the code readers OBD II connector is securely connected to the vehicles DLC; Verify that the vehicle is OBDII compliant; Turn the ignition off and wait for about 10 seconds. Turn the ignition back to on and repeat the procedure from step 5.
If the LINKING ERROR message does not go away, there might be problems communicating with the vehicle. Contact your local distributor or the manufacturers customer service department for assistance. 6) After the system status is displayed (MIL status, DTC counts, Monitor status), wait a few seconds or press any key for Diagnostic Menu to come up.
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If more than one module is detected, you will be prompted to select a module before test. Use SCROLL button to select a module, and press ENTER/EXIT button.
Transmission
The control module number, sequence of the DTCs, total number of codes detected and type of codes (Generic or Manufacturer specific, Stored or Pending codes) will be observed on the upper right hand corner of the display.
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3) If more than one DTC is found, use SCROLL button, as necessary, until all the codes have been shown up. If no codes are detected, a No codes are stored in the module! message displays on the screen. If retrieved DTCs contain any manufacturer specific or enhanced codes, the display indicates Manufacturer specific codes are found! Press any key to select vehicle make! Use SCROLL button to select the vehicle under test and press ENTER/EXIT button to view code definition(s).
Vehicle Manufacturer 01/33 1/33 ? 1) Acura 2) Alfa Romeo 3) Audi/VW 4) BMW
If the manufacturer for your vehicle is not listed, use UP/DOWN scroll button to select Other and press ENTER button.
1) If you decide to erase the DTCs, use SCROLL button to select Erase Codes from Diagnostics Menu and press ENTER/EXIT button.
............Diagnostic Menu....... ... 1/6 27 1) Read Codes 2) Erase Codes 3) Live Data 4) View Freeze Frame
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3) If you want to proceed with erasing the codes, press the ENTER/EXIT button to erase. If the codes are cleared successfully, an Erase Done! message shows up. If the codes are not cleared, then an Erase Failure. Turn Key on with Engine off! message displays. If you do wish to proceed to erase the codes, then press SCROLL button to select NO and press ENTER/EXIT. A Command Canceled message shows up. Press any key or wait a few seconds to return to Diagnostic Menu.
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The MS310 allows you to see the same data used by the vehicle's computer to make calculations necessary for conducting corrections and adjustments to particular vehicle systems. PIDs have specific operating characteristics that identify them. The MS310 provides PIDs for each module being tested. 1) To view live data, use scroll button to select Live Data from Diagnostic Menu and press ENTER button.
............Diagnostic M enu....... ... 1/6 3/7 1) Read Codes 2) Erase Codes 3) Live Data 4) View Freeze Frame
2) Wait a few moments while the scan tool accumulates the PID registry.
Live Data
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If more than one module is detected, you will be prompted to select a module before test.
Transmission
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2) Wait a few seconds while the code reader accumulates the Freeze Frame PID registry.
3) The retrieved information covers more than one screen. Use the SCROLL button, as necessary, until all data have been viewed.
The number 1/4 in the upper right corner indicates the total number of screens that will display the retrieved freeze frame data in this case, we are on page one of four. If there is no freeze frame data available, an advisory message No Freeze Frame Data Stored! shows on the display.
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An I/M Readiness Status result of INC does not necessarily indicate that the vehicle being tested will fail the state I/M inspection. For some states, one or more such monitors may be allowed to be Not Ready to pass the emissions inspection. OK -- Indicates that a particular monitor being checked has completed its diagnostic testing. INC -- Indicates that the testing of a particular monitor being tested is incomplete. Additional driving is needed. N/A -- The monitor is not supported on that vehicle.
1) Use SCROLL button to select I/M Readiness from Diagnostic Menu and press ENTER/EXIT.
............Diagnostic Menu....... ... 1/6 7 1) Read Codes 2) Erase Codes 3) Live Data 4) View Freeze Frame
If more than one module is detected, you will be prompted to select a module before test.
Transmission
Use the SCROLL button to select a module and then press the ENTER/EXIT button.
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2) Wait a few seconds while the code reader displays states of readiness monitors.
3) If the vehicle supports both types of tests, then both types shows on the screen for selection.
4) Use SCROLL button to view the status of the MIL light (ON or OFF) and the following monitors:
Misfire monitor -- Misfire monitor Fuel System Mon. -- Fuel System Monitor Comp. Component -- Comprehensive Components Monitor EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor Oxygen Sens. Mon. -- O2 Sensors Monitor Catalyst Mon. -- Catalyst Monitor EVAP System Mon. -- Evaporative System Monitor Oxygen Sens Htr. --O2 Sensor Heater Monitor Sec. Air System -- Secondary Air Monitor Htd. Catalyst -- Heated Catalyst Monitor A/C Refrig Mon. -- A/C system Monitor
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5) If the vehicle supports readiness test of This Drive Cycle, a screen of the following will be displayed:
The number 1/3 to the upper right corner of the screen indicates total number of screens the retrieved data cover and sequence of currently displayed data. 6) Press ENTER/EXIT button to return to previous menu.
If the vehicle does not support this mode, a The selected mode is not supported! message shows on the display.
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If more than one module is detected, you will be prompted to select a module before test.
Transmission
3) Wait a few seconds while the code reader reads vehicle information.
4) From Vehicle Info. menu, use SCROLL button to select an available items to view and press ENTER/EXIT button.
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3) If you do want to exit OBDII test, press ENTER/EXIT button. If you do not want to exit, use the SCROLL button the select NO and press the ENTER/EXIT button to return.
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O2 Sensor Output Voltage B1S1* O2B2S1(V) O2 Sensor Output Voltage B1S2* O2B2S2(V) Time Since Engine Start Distance w/ Mil Activated Equivalence Ratio (Wide Range O2S)(B1S1)* Equivalence Ratio (Wide Range O2S)(B1S2)* Minute run by Engine While MIL activated Time since Diagnostic Trouble Code Clear Evap System Vapor Pressure Barometric Pressure O2 Sensor Current (wide range O2S)(B1S1)* O2 Sensor Current (wide range O2S)(B1S2)* EGR_PTC (%) MIL_DIST(KM) EQ_RAT21 EQ_RAT22 EVAP_PCT (%) WARM_UPS VPWR(V) CLR_DIST(mi) BARO(inHg) O2S21(mA) O2S22(mA) CATEMP11(C) CATEMP21(C)
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* B = Bank, S = Sensor (The location of Cylinder #1 designates the side of Bank 1 on the engine block.)
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