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Descrio do Exame
Este exame composto de dois textos. Cada texto seguido de duas partes, cada uma com tipos especficos de questes. As questes procuram simular situaes comumente encontradas em ambiente acadmico e devem ser respondidas em portugus. A Parte 1 composta de trs questes dissertativas que visam avaliar a habilidade de compreenso e de localizao de informao. Nessa parte importante incluir nas respostas informaes extradas do texto que efetivamente demonstrem a existncia de compreenso. Evite respostas baseadas em conhecimento prvio sobre o assunto. A Parte 2 composta de trs questes. Essas questes visam a avaliao da compreenso detalhada de trechos extrados do texto. Para tanto, solicitado que o trecho selecionado seja reescrito em portugus. A decodificao palavra-por-palavra deve ser evitada, pois tal estratgia frequentemente resulta em textos sem sentido quando lidos em portugus. Recomenda-se que sejam feitas as adaptaes necessrias para que a resposta seja coerente e demonstre que houve compreenso do texto original em ingls.
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1- Galloping economic growth in China over the past 20 years has led to dramatic improvements in the nation's nutrition and health status. Parallel with rising consumption of meat, poultry, eggs and other animal products, China has achieved a sharp decline in all indicators of undernutrition and a similar drop in deaths from infectious diseases, such as hepatitis, diarrhoea and malaria. But a new report by Food and Agriculture Organization's Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division (AGN) finds that the Chinese have a new public health problem: overnutrition is increasing to the point where 23% of the adult population is overweight or obese, and dietrelated chronic diseases have become the leading cause of death. 2- AGN's report, Assessment of malnutrition in six case study countries, was commissioned from researchers in China, Egypt, India, Mexico, the Philippines and South Africa. While it found a marked shift over the past 20 years to diets high in saturated fat, sugar and refined foods, trends in the countries' nutritional and disease status differ from the classic nutrition and health transitions occurred in Europe and North America during the 1900s. "What we are seeing in developing countries undergoing rapid economic transition is undernutrition, overnutrition and infectious and chronic diseases coexisting over long periods of time", says AGN' s Gina Kennedy. 3- The report says this "situation" is the result of various factors. Progress in improving water and sanitation systems and development of sound public health systems has been slow, thwarting efforts to reduce undernutrition. Changing dietary patterns and lifestyles spurred by urbanization, the liberalization of markets, demographic shifts and declining levels of physical activity have contributed to overweight and chronic diseases. In all of the countries studied, per capita energy supply has increased since 1970 and most have experienced a rapid movement away from plant-based diets. While the share of cereals, legumes, pulses and nuts in people's diets has remained stable or declined, the consumption of sugar, oils, fats and animal products has generally increased. One consistent trend is the increased "energy density" of diets: the percentage of energy derived from fat. 4- Urban populations are typically the first to begin incorporating more fats, animal source foods and processed products into their diet. But the report says the dietary changes observed are not limited to urban areas, or to wealthier strata of the population.
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Glossary Greenhouse: estufa Buildup: crescimento; desenvolvimento Ice cap: calota de gelo, glacial Trend: tendncia Crop: plantao
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Parte 1 - Responda as perguntas a seguir, de acordo com o texto.
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1) Quais fatores levaram a coexistncia de doenas infecciosas, desnutrio e obesidade nos pases estudados?
2) Mudanas na dieta alimentar em reas urbanizadas tm sido maior do que em reas rurais? Explique.
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Parte 2 - Reescreva em portugus os trechos selecionados abaixo. (Lembre-se de que no se trata de uma traduo literal: voc pode reproduzir o contedo integral do trecho com outras palavras, desde que mantenha o sentido original.) 4) Galloping economic growth in China over the past 20 years has led to dramatic improvements in the nation's nutrition and health status. Parallel with rising consumption of meat, poultry, eggs and other animal products, China has achieved a sharp decline in all indicators of undernutrition and a similar drop in deaths from infectious diseases, such as hepatitis, diarrhoea and malaria.
5) AGN's report, Assessment of malnutrition in six case study countries, was commissioned from researchers in China, Egypt, India, Mexico, the Philippines and South Africa. While it found a marked shift over the past 20 years to diets high in saturated fat, sugar and refined foods, trends in the countries' nutritional and disease status differ from the classic nutrition and health transitions occurred in Europe and North America during the 1900s
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6)While poverty is a main driver of stunting, the inverse is not necessarily true: in many countries, the urban poor and undereducated have high rates of overweight." The report concludes that, given current economic and social trends, observed changes in dietary patterns are likely to continue and combined with changes in lifestyle, particularly the decrease in physical activity will exacerbate emerging problems of overnutrition and diet-related chronic disease.
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