B tn sc bng quang si cch t Bragg chu k bin i tuyn tnh Quang si cch t Bragg chu k bin i tuyn tnh

l mt si quang n mode c mt on li c ghi nhng cch t c chu k thay i mt cch tuyn tnh dc theo chiu di ca quang si. (z) = 0 + 1(z) (4.1)

0 l chu k im bt u ca on cch t, 1 l s thay i tuyn tnh dc theo chiu di ca on cch t. Ti v tr z trn on cch t Bragg, mt sng nh sng s b phn x ngc li nu bc sng ca n tho mn cng thc: B(z) = 2neff (z)(z) (4.2) B(z) l bc sng Bragg ti v tr z tng ng vi chu k cch t (z). c tnh ca quang si cch t Bragg chu k bin i l ti nhng v tr tng ng vi chu k di hn s phn x nhng nh sng c bc sng di hn. Gi s xung tn hiu i vo u c chu k di hn ca on cch t nh hnh v 4. Khi , nhng bc sng di hn s b phn x gn phn u ca on cch t hn. Ni cch khc, nhng bc sng ngn hn s phi i mt qung ng xa hn trong on cch t trc khi chng c phn x ngc li. Kt qu l mt khong thi gian tr d s c to ra gia thnh phn bc sng ngn so vi thnh phn bc sng di. (4.3)

Trong cng thc trn d l khong thi gian tr, neff l chit xut hiu dng, L l di on cch t Bragg, c l vn tc nh sng trong chn khng, c l hiu s gia bc sng b phn x u on cch t (thnh phn bc sng di nht) so vi

bc sng b phn x cui on cch t (thnh phn ngn nht).

ngn

di

FBG

Hnh 4.3 Nguyn l b tn sc ca quang si cch t Bagg chu k bin i

y l hin tng ngc vi hin tng tn sc v l nguyn l ca thit b b tn sc trong mng thng tin quang dng cch t Bragg chu k thay i tuyn tnh. Hnh v 4.4 l mt m hnh c bn ca thit b b tn sc dng cch t Bragg chu k thay i tuyn tnh.

EDFA Tx
Circulator

Rx

input

Broadened pulse

Recompressed pulse

Hnh 4. 4. M hnh c bn ca thit b b tn sc dng cch t Bagg chu k thay i tuyn tnh

Trn hnh v circulator l thit b ghp ni quang ch cho nh sng i ln lt cc cng 1, 2, 3 theo chiu kim ng h. Mt xung b gin rng sau khi c khuch i s i qua mt circulator ti on cch t Bragg c chu k bin i nh hnh v. Ti on cch t, thnh phn bc sng ngn ti trc do tn sc s phi i thm qung ng na trc khi c phn x ngc li ti thit b u thu. Trong khi , thnh phn bc sng di hn, n chm hn do b tn sc, s c phn x ngay khi ti cch t Bragg. Kt qu l xung tn hiu sau khi i qua thit b b c co li. Tnh ton hp l cc s liu v di on cch t Bragg, hm thay i ca chu k cc cch t L(z), ngi ta c th thu c xung nh sng c rng nh u pht. Ngi ta chng minh rng mt on cch t Bragg di 5, 7cm c th b cho 100km quang si truyn thng c tn sc 17ps/nm km dng bc sng 1550nm, rng ph 0, 2 nm.