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DESCRIPTION
The LT138A series of adjustable regulators provide 5A output current over an output voltage range of 1.2V to 32V. The internal voltage reference is trimmed to less than 1%, enabling a very tight output voltage. In addition to excellent line and load regulation, with full overload protection, the LT138A incorporates new current limiting circuitry allowing large transient load currents to be handled for short periods. Transient load currents of up to 12A can be supplied without limiting, eliminating the need for a large output capacitor. The LT138A is an improved version of the popular LM138 with improved circuit design and advanced process techniques to provide superior performance and reliability. The graph below shows the signicant improvement in output voltage tolerance achieved by using the LT138A or LT338A.
L, LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Guaranteed 1% Initial Tolerance Guaranteed 0.3% Load Regulation Guaranteed 5A Output Current 100% Thermal Limit Burn-In 12A Transient Output Current
APPLICATIONS
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High Power Linear Regulator Battery Chargers Power Driver Constant-Current Regulator
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Parallel Regulators for Higher Current*
12 LT338A VIN VIN ADJ VOUT 0.01 5V 8A 11 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR (%) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
138/338 TA01
2% RESISTORS 1% RESISTORS
100
138A/338A TA02
*THIS CIRCUIT WILL NOT WORK WITH LM VERSION DEVICES **CURRENT SHARING RESISTORS DEGRADE REGULATION TO 1%
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Storage Temperature Range.................. 65C to 150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ..................300C
PRECONDITIONING
100% Thermal Limit Burn-In
PIN CONFIGURATION
BOTTOM VIEW VIN 2 CASE IS OUTPUT 1 ADJ (GND*) K PACKAGE 2-LEAD TO-3 METAL CAN TJMAX = 150C, JA = 35C/W, JA = 1C/W (LT138A/LT138) TJMAX = 125C, JA = 35C/W, JA = 1C/W (LT338A/LT338) FRONT VIEW 3 2 1 P PACKAGE 3-LEAD PLASTIC TO-3P TJMAX = 125C, JA = 45C/W VIN VOUT ADJ
OBSOLETE PACKAGE
ORDER INFORMATION
LEAD FREE FINISH LM338P#PBF LEAD BASED FINISH LM338P TAPE AND REEL LM338P#TRPBF TAPE AND REEL LM338P#TR PART MARKING LM338P PART MARKING LM338P PACKAGE DESCRIPTION 3-Lead Plastic TO-3P PACKAGE DESCRIPTION 3-Lead Plastic TO-3P TEMPERATURE RANGE 0C to 125C TEMPERATURE RANGE 0C to 125C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specied with wider operating temperature ranges. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
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The denotes the specications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specications are at TA = 25C. (Note 2)
MIN 1.238 1.225 LT138A TYP 1.250 1.250 0.005 0.02 5 0.1 20 0.3 0.002 60 75 45 0.2 3.5 5 6 8 12 1 1 0.3 0.001 1 2 2 1 100 5 5 5 6 MAX 1.262 1.270 0.01 0.04 15 0.3 30 0.6 0.01 1.119 1.24 0.005 0.02 5 0.1 20 0.3 0.002 60 75 45 0.2 3.5 8 12 1 1 0.3 0.003 1 1 100 5 5 1.29 0.01 0.04 15 0.3 30 0.6 0.01 MIN LM138 TYP MAX UNITS V V %/V %/V mV % mV % %/W dB dB A A mA A A A % % % C/W
60
60
IADJ IADJ
Adjust Pin Current Adjust Pin Current Change Minimum Load Current
ISC
Current Limit
RMS Output Noise (% of VOUT) 10HZ f 10kHz Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Case K Package
The denotes the specications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specications are at TA = 25C.
SYMBOL VREF PARAMETER Reference Voltage CONDITIONS IOUT = 10mA 3V (VIN VOUT) 35V, 10mA IOUT 5A, P 50W VOUT VIN VOUT VOUT Line Regulation Load Regulation 3V (VIN VOUT) 35V, (Note 3) 10mA IOUT 5A, (Note 3) VOUT 5V VOUT 5V VOUT 5V VOUT 5V Thermal Regulation Ripple Rejection 20ms Pulse VOUT = 10V, f = 120Hz CADJ = 0F CADJ = 10F
l l l l l
MIN 1.19
60
60
CONDITIONS
l l l l l
MIN
MAX 100 5 10
MIN
MAX 100 5 10
UNITS A A mA A A A %
5 6
8 12 1 1 0.3 0.001 1 2 2 1
5 6
8 12 1 1 0.3 0.003 1 1
% % C/W
RMS Output Noise (% of VOUT) 10HZ f 10kHz Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Case K Package
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: Unless otherwise specied, these specications apply: VIN VOUT = 5V and IOUT = 2.5A. These specications are applicable for power dissipations up to 50W.
Note 3: See thermal regulation specications for changes in output voltage due to heating effects. Load and line regulation are measured at a constant junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing.
Dropout Voltage
VOUT = 100mV ADJUSTMENT CURRENT (A) 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 1 75 50 25 30 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C)
138/338 G02
Adjustment Current
75
25
25 75 TEMPERATURE (C)
125
138A/338A G03
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Output Impedance
VIN = 15V VOUT = 10V IOUT = 500mA CADJ = COUT = 0F 5
1.260
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ()
0.1
1.250
1.240
0.001
1.230 50 25
138/338 G05
138A/338A G06
Ripple Rejection
100 CADJ = 10F 80 RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) CADJ = 0F 60 RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 100
Ripple Rejection
80
Ripple Rejection
CADJ = 10F
60 CADJ = 0F 40
80
CADJ = 10F
70 CADJ = 0F 60
50
20
20
VIN = 15V VOUT = 10V IOUT = 0.2A 10 100 10k 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M
40
VIN = 15V VOUT = 10V f = 120Hz TCASE = 25C 0.1 1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 10
138/338 G09
138A/338A G07
138A/338A G08
Current Limit
16 PEAK CURRENT LIMIT DC CURRENT LIMIT TCASE = 25C OUTPUT CURRENT (A) PRELOAD = 0A 14 12
Current Limit
14 12 PRELOAD = 0A OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 10 8 6 4 2 VIN = 10V VOUT = 5V TCASE = 25C 1 TIME (ms)
138A/338A G11
Current Limit
PRELOAD CURRENT = 0 TCASE = 25C
12
10 VIN VOUT = 10V 8 6 4 2 0 0.1 VIN VOUT = 15V VIN VOUT = 20V VIN VOUT = 30V
PRELOAD = 5A
PRELOAD = 5A 8
PRELOAD = 1A 4
40
0 0.1
10
100
1 TIME (ms)
10
100
138A/338A G12
138A/338A G10
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CL = 1F CL = 10F
138A/338A G13
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
General The LT138A develops a 1.25V reference voltage between the output and the adjustable terminal (see Figure 1). By placing a resistor, R1, between these two terminals, a constant current is caused to ow through R1 and down through R2 to set the overall output voltage. Normally this current is the specied minimum load current of 5mA or 10mA. Because IADJ is very small and constant when compared with the current through R1, it represents a small error and can usually be ignored. It is easily seen from the output voltage equation, that even if the resistors were of exact value, the accuracy of the output is limited by the accuracy of VREF. Earlier adjustable regulators had a reference tolerance of 4% which is dangerously close to the 5% supply tolerance required in many logic and analog systems. Further, even 1% resistors can drift 0.01%/C, adding additional error to the output voltage tolerance.
LT338A VIN VIN ADJ VOUT VREF R1 VOUT
For example, using 2% resistors and 4% tolerance for VREF, calculations will show that the expected range of a 5V regulator design would be 4.66V VOUT 5.36V or approximately 7%. If the same example were used for a 15V regulator, the expected tolerance would be 8%. With these results most applications required some method of trimming, usually a trim pot. This solution is both expensive and not conductive to volume production. One of the enhancements of Linear Technologys adjustable regulators over existing devices is the tightened initial tolerance of VREF. This allows relatively inexpensive 1% or 2% lm resistors to be used for R1 and R2 to set the output voltage within an acceptable tolerance. With a guaranteed 1% reference, a 5V power supply design, using 2% resistors, would have a worst-case manufacturing tolerance of 4%. If 1% resistors are used, the tolerance will drop to 2.5%. A plot of the worst-case output voltage tolerance as a function of resistor tolerance is shown on the front page of this data sheet. For convenience, a table of standard 1% resistor values is shown in Table 1.
( )
138A/338A F01
If a very large output capacitor is used, such as a 100F shown in Figure 2, the regulator could be damaged or destroyed if the input is accidentally shorted to ground or crowbarred, due to the output capacitor discharging into the output terminal of the regulator. To prevent this, a diode D1 as shown, is recommended to safely discharge the capacitor.
D1 1N4002
COUT 100F
138A/338A F02
Figure 2
Standard resistance values are obtained from the Decade Table by multiplying by multiples of 10. As an example, 1.21 can represent 1.21, 12.1, 121, 1.21k etc.
Load Regulation Because the LT138A is a three-terminal device, it is not possible to provide true remote load sensing. Load regulation will be limited by the resistance of the wire connecting the regulator to the load. The data sheet specication for load regulation is measured at the bottom of the package. Negative side sensing is a true Kelvin connection, with the bottom of the output divider returned to the negative side of the load. Although it may not be immediately obvious, best load regulation is obtained when the top of the resistor divider, R1, is connected directly to the case not to the load. This is illustrated in Figure 3. If R1 were connected to the load, the effective resistance between the regulator and the load would be: RP R2 + R1 ,RP = Parasitic Line Resistance R1
Bypass Capacitors Input bypassing using a 1F tantalum or 25f electrolytic is recommended when the input lter capacitors are more than 5 inches from the device. Improved ripple rejection (80dB) can be accomplished by adding a 10F capacitor from the ADJ pin to ground. Increasing the size of the capacitor to 20F will help ripple rejection at low output voltage since the reactance of this capacitor should be small compared to the voltage setting resistor, R2. For improved AC transient response and to prevent the possibility of oscillation due to unknown reactive load, a 1F capacitor is also recommended at the output. Because of their low impedance at high frequencies, the best type of capacitor to use is solid tantalum. Protection Diodes The LT138A/LT338A do not require a protection diode from the adjustment terminal to the output (see Figure 2). Improved internal circuitry eliminates the need for this diode when the adjustment pin is bypassed with a capacitor to improve ripple rejection.
Connected as shown, RP is not multiplied by the divider ratio. RP is about 0.004 per foot using 16 gauge wire. This translates to 4mV/ft at 1A load current, so it is important to keep the positive lead between regulator and load as short as possible, and use large wire or PC board traces.
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TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Improving Ripple Rejection
LT338A VIN
+
1F
VIN ADJ
VOUT
R1 121 1% R2 365 1%
5V
CL* 10F
138A/338A TA03
C1* 1F
C2** 1F
138A/338A TA04
*NEEDED IF DEVICE IS FAR FROM FILTER CAPACITORS **OPTIONAL, IMPROVES TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VOUT = 1.25V 1 + R2 R1
( )
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138A/338A TA05
12V
Remote Sensing
LT338A VIN VIN ADJ VIN 7 25 121 6 1 8 365 100pF LM301A 3 2 RL VOUT RP (MAX DROP 300mV)
VOUT 5V
+
25 RETURN
RETURN
+
4
1k 5F
138A/338A TA06
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LT138A/LT339A LM138/LM338
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
10
VIN 310 300 Q1 Q26 200 Q6 Q15 Q14 1.6k Q21 C3 5pF Q18 Q10 Q16 Q8 Q11 Q12 Q13 C1 30pF Q17 2.4k 3 4.1k 10 12k 0.01 VOUT ADJ
138A/338A SS
310
190
50
5.6k
20k
Q23
Q24
LT138A/LT338A
Q4
Q9
Q5
400
160k
18k
D2
+ +
160
Q3
Q7
160k
180
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0.038 0.043 (0.965 1.09) 1.177 1.197 (29.90 30.40) 0.655 0.675 (16.64 17.15) 0.210 0.220 (5.33 5.59) 0.151 0.161 (3.86 4.09) DIA, 2PLCS 0.167 0.177 (4.24 4.49) R 0.067 0.077 (1.70 1.96) 0.490 0.510 (12.45 12.95) R
K2 (TO-3) 1098
OBSOLETE PACKAGE
P Package 3-Lead Plastic TO-3P (Similar to TO-247)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1450)
.560 (14.224) .325 (8.255) .275 (6.985) .620 .64O (15.75 16.26) .187 .207 (4.75 5.26) MOUNTING HOLE 18 22 .115 .145 (2.92 3.68) DIA .060 .080 (1.52 2.03)
.170 .2OO (4.32 5.08) EJECTOR PIN MARKS .105 .125 (2.67 3.18) DIA
BOTTOM VIEW OF TO-3P HATCHED AREA IS SOLDER PLATED COPPER HEAT SINK
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Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
11
+
1F
VIN ADJ
VOUT 10F
OFF
12k
10F
1k 2N3904
12k
10F
138A/338A TA09
12k
138A/338A TA08
10k
138A/338A TA10
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER LT1580 LT1581 LT1764 DESCRIPTION 7A Fast Transient Response Regulator with 0.7V Dropout 10A Fast Transient Response Regulator 3A Fast Transient Response Regulator COMMENTS Fixed Outputs, VIN Up to 30V For 3.3V to 2.xxV Applications For 3.3V to 2.xxV Applications Dropout Voltage 340mV, Low Noise: 40VRMS LT1083/LT1084/LT1085 3A/5A/7.5A Low Dropout Regulators
LT1584/LT1585/LT1587 7A/4.6A/3A Low Dropout Fast Transient Response Regulator For 1.2V to 3.3V Outputs from 5V
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