HOME ASSIGNMENT MANAGEMENT INFROMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

Submitted to

Dr. L. Prabhakar MCA, FDP (IIMA), Ph. D

Submitted by: Jianguanglung Dangmei MBA-3rd Semester (2010-2012) Roll No: 38

MANIPUR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (MIMS), MANIPUR UNIVERSITY

CONTENTS: 1. COMPARISON OF MANUAL AND COMPUTERIZED INFORAMATION SYSTEM. 2. MANAGERIAL USE OF COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM.

1. COMPARISON OF MANUAL AND COMPUTERIZED INFORAMATION SYSTEM: Basically a manual-based information system is one that does not rely on any computerized systems and a computer-based information system does. A manualbased system will see information recorded and kept in different ways such as in files in paper form. Whereas a computer based information system will see data stored on various computer programs including on databases, Word documents, Excel etc. Both types of information system are designed to help a business carry out its day-today running and operations. In recent times, computer-based systems are generally considered to be more popular as more businesses are choosing to keep up with the developments in information technology. There are still those who continue to use manual systems though, perhaps as a matter of financial constraints or it may simply be more suitable for their type of business. A manual-based information system is generally considered to be cheaper than a computer-based system; however it may contribute to lower levels of staff productivity. In addition, having data stores manually in boxes or files is not very environmentally-friendly and this could lead company documentation at risk if a fire broke out for example as there would be no back up. A computer-based information system may be considered to be more cost effective and efficient than a manual system. It speeds up operations and can back up important information at the touch of a button. It is however very expensive to set up and may need to be maintained by IT technical support advisors on a regular basis. An information system does not only refer to the way in which business data is stored by a company. It also refers to the way in which the business interacts with clients or associates, processes orders and advertises. An information system does not need to be fully computerized; all or part of it may be manual. There are advantages and disadvantages, some detailed in the Table 1 , when considering whether any particular subsystem should be computerized.

Table 1: Comparison of Manual and Computerized Systems

Manual information system
Advantages

Computerized information system

Advantages

Less expensive initially

Less subject to human error & facilitates growth Higher productivity

No computer literacy requirements Adaptable

Permits more sophisticated business processes Enhances data security

Places few demands on infrastructure

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

Increasingly expensive as the MFI grows

Requires computer-literate users and support personnel

More subject to human error & More Software may not be expensive initially Adaptable Somewhat limited growth Potential & Often less productive Places demands on infrastructure (power, business processes temperature controls)

2. MANAGERIAL USE OF COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM: Every person in the organization is a user of the MIS. The people in the organization operate at all the levels in the hierarchy. A typical user is a clerk, an assistant, an officer, an executive or a manager. Each of them has a specific task and a role to play in the management of business. The MIS caters to the needs of all persons. The MIS provides facilities to analyze the data and offers the decision support systems to perform the task execution. The MIS provides action-oriented information. The manager has a position of responsibility and accountability for the business results. His management role expands beyond his management function. He is a strategist and a long-term planner. He is a person with a foresight, an analytical and is expected to use these abilities in the functions of top management. The MIS provides information in a structured or unstructured format for him to react. The MIS caters to his constant changing needs of information. The user of the MIS is expected to be a rational person and the design of the MIS is based on this assumption. The manager, holding a position I the top or middle management, suffers from fear of challenge and exposure. The MIS makes his competitors more effectively as they have access to the information and have an ability to interpret. This leads to a situation where he is afraid that his position, decision and defense will be challenged and may be proved wrong sometimes. The risk of adverse exposure to the higher management also increases. The effects so far pointed out are all negative and they are seen only in a few cases. The positive effects on the managers at all levels are that they have become more effective operators. The time and energy which was spent earlier in unproductive work is now applied for a productive work. Some are able to use their analytical skills and knowledge with the information support for improving their position in the management. Managers, having improved their decision-making ability, are able to handle the complex situations with relatives ease. Some are benefited by improving their performance and being held in high esteem by the higher management. The enterprise managers are able to use the systems and the models for trying out a number of alternatives in a given problem situation. The impact of the MIS on people of the organization is phenomenal as it has made the same body of people collectively more effectively and productive.