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WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT

Contract No. PS-4350-2000

Reply to Exponent Responses

Prepared for:

Prepared by:

777 South Figueroa Street Suite 1100 Los Angeles, California 90017

May 15, 2012

Reply to Exponent Responses Contents

CONTENTS
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 CommentsonExponentResponsetoMetrosApril6Report ........................................................1 . RelativeRisk:GassyGroundvs.ActiveFaulting..............................................................................1 ManagementofRisksRelatedtoSubsurfaceGasses......................................................................2 MethaneTestingStandards.............................................................................................................3 TunnelinginOilFields......................................................................................................................4 AssessmentofTunnelingSafetyBasedonPastExperience............................................................5 FutureDevelopmentovertheTunnels............................................................................................7 Summary..........................................................................................................................................9 References.......................................................................................................................................9

Figures
Figure1:BuildingsIndicatedtoBeDemolishedatBHHS.............................................................................5 Figure2:Figure81fromMetroTunnelingSafetyReport...........................................................................8

Tables
Table1.ListofSchoolsaboveTransitTunnels.............................................................................................9

Appendices
AppendixA AppendixB AppendixC DataLocationsinCenturyCity AdditionalInformationaboutSoilGas FiguresLocationofSchoolsaboveTunnels

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Reply to Exponent Responses Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

BHHS BHUSD DTSC HDD IRP LADBS OSHA ppbv ppmv TAP BeverlyHillsHighSchool BeverlyHillsUnifiedSchoolDistrict DepartmentofToxicSubstancesControl horizontaldirectionaldrilling MetrosIndependentReviewPanel LosAngelesDepartmentofBuildingandSafety OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration partsperbillionbyvolume partspermillionbyvolume (Metro)TunnelAdvisoryPanel

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Reply to Exponent Responses 1.0Comments on Exponent Response to Metros April 6 Report

1.0

COMMENTS ON EXPONENT RESPONSE TO METROS APRIL 6 REPORT

ExponentFailureAnalysisInc.(Exponent)hasrespondedonbehalfoftheCityofBeverlyHillstoMetros April6commentsonExponentsFebruary2012HazardAssessmentStudyReportinitsdocumentdated April25,2012.ThisreplyreferstothatdocumentasExponentsResponsetoMetroscomments.Metro isobligatedtoreplytotheApril25document.However,muchoftheExponentresponseissimplyare statementoftheoriginal(unfounded)assertions.Forsimplificationandclarity,thisreplysummarizes Exponentsresponsesandreferstopreviousreportswhereapplicable.Thesectionsbelowprovide ExponentsApril25ResponsesandtheassociatedcommentsbyMetro. ExponentcontinuestoquestionMetrosevaluationoftheWestsideSubwayalignmentsandtunneling safetywithrespecttothefollowingconsiderations:

TherelativerisksofthetwoCenturyCityalignmentsrelatedtogassygroundconditionsvs.active faulting Theappropriatelevelofinvestigationofsubsurfacegasconditionsandthetestingstandardsthat wereused Assessmentoftunnelingsafetybasedonpastexperienceandnewtechnologyincludingtunneling inoilfields Futuredevelopmentoverthetunnels

2.0

RELATIVE RISK: GASSY GROUND VS. ACTIVE FAULTING

Exponentstates:ExponentdisagreeswithMetrosstatedapproachtodealingwithriskandreaffirms thattheacceptablewaytoassessandmanageriskisbyperformingthequantitativeriskassessment outlinedinExponentsHazardAssessmentStudy,whichhasbeenusedinmanymajorindustrialand infrastructureprojects,includingtunnelingprojects.(firstpageExecutiveSummary) Metroresponse:Exponentcontinuestoproposetheuseofprobabilitybasedriskmanagement analyses.SomeindividualmembersofMetrosIndependentReviewPanel(IRP)werepersonally instrumentalintheinitialcreationanddevelopmentoftheconceptofprobabilitybasedrisk managementandhavebeencontinuouslyinvolvedinitsimplementationforseveraldecades.However, theIndependentReviewPanel(IRP)believesthattheresultsoftheextensiveanalysisproposedby Exponentwouldnotbetransparentandtheywouldbehardtointerpretbecauseitwouldbedifficultto understandwhatfactorsreallycontroltheresults. TheIRPbelievesthatMetrosapproachtoriskmanagementiscorrect.Aspresentedinitsprevious responsetoExponent,Metrosapproachtomanagingriskisbyfirsteliminatingfaultrupturerisksthat areunmanageable.Becauseitisnotpossibletoensurelifesafetyforasubwaystationinanactivefault zone,theriskofbuildingastationintheSantaMonicaFaultZonemustberemovedforthesafetyand securityoftheLosAngelesareacommunity.Itwouldbeinappropriatetopursuedesignforthis dangerousoption. MetrohasdevelopedanalignmentatCenturyCityConstellationStationwheretherearenoactivefaults andtherisksassociatedwithsoilgasarereadilymanageable.Soilgaspresenceisariskthatismitigated safelyonaroutine,evendaily,basisintheCityofLosAngeles.Theseriskshavebeenmanagedreliably over20yearsduringMetroconstructionandoperationoffacilities.Exponenthasacknowledged(refer WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT
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Reply to Exponent Responses 3.0Management of Risks Related to Subsurface Gasses

toSection3.0)thattunnelingorbuildingastationingassysoilscanbeaccomplishedsafelywhenusing properequipment,techniques,andmitigationmeasures. Moreover,Shannon&Wilson,consultantfortheCityofBeverlyHills,initsreviewoftheCenturyCity AreaFaultInvestigationReportassertsthatrisksassociatedwithgroundlossduringconstruction, vibrationsduringconstructionandoperation,andhazardsfrommethaneandothergassescanbe mitigatedbydesignplansandspecificationsfortheproject. Theremovalofunmanageableriskanditsreplacementwithmanageableriskthroughprovengas detectionandmitigationtechnologiesisthecornerstoneofMetrosriskmanagementapproach.Metro reaffirmsthatitsapproachconformstoaccepted,bestpracticesoftheundergroundconstruction industryandembodiesthesuccessfulriskmanagementproceduresusedonmajorcivilworks,including transitprojects,throughouttheU.S.andmanypartsoftheworld. Exponentdoesnotprovideanynewdataonthepresenceofactivefaultingotherthanreferenceto observationoftrenchesontheBeverlyHillsHighSchool(BHHS)Campus.Metroprovidescommentson thefaultstudiesbyothersinitsreport,ResponsetoLeightonConsultingReport,May14,2012.In additiontothatreport,Metrohasmadepreviousstatementsabouttheapplicabilityoftrench investigationsandtheabsenceoffaultingattheConstellationStationsite.RefertoMetrosResponseto Shannon&Wilson,April17,2012,fordiscussionoftrenches.

3.0

MANAGEMENT OF RISKS RELATED TO SUBSURFACE GASSES

Exponentmaintainsthatrisksassociatedwithsoilgasmaybecomparableto,orgreaterthan,those associatedwithactivefaulting.Metrodisagrees.Asdiscussedabove,activefaultingalongSantaMonica Boulevardisasourceofunmanageableriskthatmustbeavoided.Incontrast,soilgasriskscanbe mitigatedsafelyandaredonesoonaroutinebasis.Modernsoilgasmitigationmeasuresforsubter raneanstructuresarewellestablishedandhaveproventobehighlyeffective.Severalexcavationsfor subterraneanparking,someevendeeperthantheproposedCenturyCityConstellationStation,have beenconstructedandoperatedsafelyintheimmediatevicinityoftheproposedstation.Metrohas compileddataontheseprojectsinconjunctionwithitsalignmentassessmentactivities.Thedatashow thatpreviousrudimentarygasmitigationmeasureshavebeeneffective.Moreover,gasmitigation technologyhasimprovedsubstantiallyinrecentyears.Themoderngasmitigationtechnology,whichwill beincorporatedintotheConstellationStation,operateswithadditionallevelsofredundancythat reducetheriskofgasintrusiontoinsignificantlevels.Exponentapparentlyagrees,asitstates, Exponentdidnotcontendthattunnelingorbuildingastationingassysoilscouldnotbe accomplishedsafely(page9). Exponent(pages9and10)expressedconcernaboutthesufficiencyofsoilgasdatawestofBHHSnear theproposedConstellationStation.Itshouldberecognizedthatmanygasprobeshavebeeninstalled andmonitoredinthisareainadditiontothoseassociatedwithMetrosinvestigationactivities. Predominantly,thesesubsurfacegasinvestigationswereperformedinaccordancewiththeLosAngeles DepartmentofBuildingandSafety(LADBS)testingguidelinesreferencedbyExponent.Metros consultantshaveresearchedandcompiledover20yearsofmeasurementsfromgasprobesinstalled neartheConstellationsiteaswellasalargenumberofboringlogswithstratigraphicandhydrologic information.Thisdatabase,combinedwithMetrosWestsidefielddata,issubstantialandmorethan sufficientfortheassessmentofstationalternatives.NotethatPlate2(reproducedinAppendixA)inthe WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT
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Reply to Exponent Responses 4.0Methane Testing Standards

CenturyCityFaultInvestigationReportshowsthelocationsofmorethan100boringsinthevicinityof theproposedConstellationStation.Thisfigureillustratesthevastamountofrelevantsubsurfacedata thathasbeencollectedandreviewedwithrespecttotheConstellationStation. FromallthedatacollectedandreviewedintheCenturyCity/BeverlyHillsareatodate,Metrois confidentthatthegaslevelsatBHHSarelowerthanthosefoundinsomeotherareasofthecitywhere safeandsuccessfultunnelinghasbeenperformed.Inover20yearstherehavebeennosafetyrelated problemswithgasduringMetrotunnelingandsubsequenttunneloperations. MetrohasrequestedaccesstotheBHHSsiteforindependentinstallationofsoilgasprobes.BeverlyHills UnifiedSchoolDistrict(BHUSD)hasnotyetagreedtoallowMetrotoproceedwiththeproposed additionalinstallations.Accordingly,thesemeasurementswillbedoneduringfinaldesigntodetermine whatprotectivemeasuresormonitoringarerequiredtoensurethesafetyofstudents.Gas concentrationsalonedonotconfirmthatahazardexistsatasite.Otherfactors,suchaspressuresand potentialflowvolumes,areevenmoreimportant.Nevertheless,thegasconcentrationsreportedinthe vicinityofBHHSarelowerthanconcentrationsfoundinotherareasofthecitythathavebeen successfullytunneledbyMetroorexcavatedbyMetroforstationsandotherundergroundfacilities. Asafurthernote,Metroisawareofmuchmisinformationaboutsoilgasisbeingdisseminated. AppendixBpresentsadditionalinformationaboutsoilgasandconstructingingassyground.

4.0

METHANE TESTING STANDARDS

Exponentstates(regardingtestingstandardsforsubsurfacegases):.TheMetroreports(including informationcontainedinAppendixLoftheMetroFinalEIS/EIR)donotpresentspecificjustification(in theformofastandardorguideline)fortheselectionofthelocationsorspacingbetweenthegas monitoringwellsorborings.Itappearsthatnogasinvestigationstandardswerefollowedasnone werereferencedinMetrosTunnelingSafetyReport. Metroresponse:Basedupontheaboveassumption,Exponentfurthersuggeststhathighqualitysoilgas datadoesnotexistfortheproject.Exponentreferencesthreepublicationsthatcontainsoilgastesting guidelinesthatitassertswerenotfollowed.ItshouldbenotedthatMetrossoilgasconsultantswere involvedwiththedevelopmentofallthreeofthereferencedguidelines.Eachoftheguidelinesisnot applicabletotheWestsideSubwayproject.ThetestingguidelinescitedbyExponentweredevelopedfor specifictypesofprojects,suchasfortheassessmentofnewbuildingsongradeorwithbasements.The guidelineswerenotdevelopedforapplicationtotunnelingprojects. Forexample,Exponentreferenceda100footgridtestingprotocolformethaneinvestigationsatschool sitesthatisforidentificationofpotentialmethanesourceareassuchassettlingpondsandmanurepile areas,andisnotappropriatetoassessgasforatunnelingproject. Metroanditsconsultantshaveimplementedappropriateprojectspecificsoilgastestingproceduresfor theWestsideSubwayExtensionProjectwithconsiderationgiventoapplicabletestingguidelines.The soilgasvadosezoneprobeinstallationsfortheWestsideSubwayExtensionProjectareconsistentwith thespecificationsthatareprovidedinthereferencedguidelines,withtheunderstandingthatMetro testingisforalineartunnelprojectratherthanasurfacedevelopment.Groundwatermonitoringwells arealsoincludedintheMetrostudy,whereasonlyshallowvadosemonitoringisrequiredbyDTSCand LADBS.Inmanyways,thesamplingandtestingproceduresusedontheWestsideSubwayExtension WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT
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Reply to Exponent Responses 5.0Tunneling in Oil Fields

ProjectaremorerigorousanddetailedthantheproceduresreferencedbyExponent.Theamount, diversity,duration,redundancy,andqualityofthesoilgasdatathathavebeencompiledforthe WestsideSubwayExtensionProjectmeet,orexceed,theobjectivesthataresetforthinthereferences citedbyExponentandaresufficientfortunnelalignmentselection.Moreover,additionalsoilgastesting willbeconductedduringfinaldesign.Accordingly,thereisnobasisforExponentssuggestionthat appropriateguidelineswerenotfollowedorthathighqualitydatawasnotcollected.

5.0

TUNNELING IN OIL FIELDS

Exponentstates:TheMetroResponseReportmentionsthathorizontaldirectionaldrilling(HDD)will takeplaceforexplorationbeneathBHHSbuildingsduringthenextphasesofdesign(i.e.afterthe tunnelalignmenthasalreadybeenselected).ItisExponentsopinionthattheHDDshouldoccurduring thepreliminarydesignphaseinordertoconsiderallrisksassociatedwithaparticularalignment option.(Section6,Page11) Metroresponse:ExponentagreeswithMetrosplantousehorizontaldirectionaldrilling(HDD)toprobe usingmagnetometerstolocateanyabandonedoilwellcasingsalongthetunnelalignmentpriorto tunneling.MetrohasinvestigatedthemethodsandplanstoproceedwithHDDduringfinaldesign.Ifa wellcasingislocated,therewouldbesufficienttimetoremoveitordependingonthewelllocation adjustthealignmentslightlytoavoiditbeforethetunnelboringmachinereachesthearea. Exponentstates:Exponentexpressesconcernforpotentialgroundsettlementsandimpactsonthe BHHSbuildingiftheTBMisstoppedbeneaththebuildinginordertoabandonanoilwellcasing. Metroresponse:Shouldanoilwellcasingbefoundtobelocatedalongthealignmentandbeneatha currentBHHSbuilding,severalalternativeswillbeconsidered.Thesituationlendsitselftofull cooperationbetweenMetroandBHUSDforanopportunitytoexplorethesiteconditionsforthe purposeofmutuallyoptimizingtheinteractionoftunnelingandfuturedevelopmentofthehighschool. BHHSplansforfuturedevelopment(ModernizationPlan2009,Figure1)showthattheportionofthe buildingbeneathwhichthetunnelwouldbeadvancedwouldberemoved.Inthiscase,accessforwell abandonmentandcasingremovalwouldbegainedfromthesurfacepriortotunneling.Iftheexisting buildingweretoremaininplace,shouldawellcasingbedetected,considerationwouldbegivento eitheradjustingalignmentslightlytoavoidacasingortogainingaccessusinggroundcontrol procedures,suchasgroutingorfreezing,toexcavateandremovethecasingpriortotunnelingwithout impactingthebuildingsabove.Itisemphasizedthattheprobabilityofencounteringanoilwellonthe tunnelalignmentanddirectlyundertheschoolbuildingsisverylow.Thereisnoevidencefromavailable DivisionofOil,Gas,andGeothermalResourcesrecordsorfromhistoricphotosoftheexistenceofoil wellsundertheBHHSbuildingsalongtheproposedalignment.

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Reply to Exponent Responses 6.0Assessment of Tunneling Safety Based on Past Experience

Figure 1: Buildings Indicated to Be Demolished at BHHS

6.0

ASSESSMENT OF TUNNELING SAFETY BASED ON PAST EXPERIENCE

Exponentstates(withrespecttoSection5oftheirHazardAssessmentStudy):Thepurposeof discussingpastprojectswasnottodrawcomparisonsbetweendifferenttunnelingmethods,butto showwhatcanoccurwhenproperproceduresarenotfollowedorwhenunexpectedgroundconditions orworkstoppagesareencountered. Metroresponse:AsMetronotedinitsApril11response,Exponentreferencedpasttunnelsdrivenwith openfaceshields.OpenfaceshieldsarenolongerusedonMetroprojects.Potentialissuesrelatedto theirusearenotrelevanttopressurizedfaceshieldsthatarenowrequiredonMetroprojects.Itisagain emphasizedthattheproperprocedureistorequiretheuseofthepressurizedfaceshieldsandprovide criteriaandmonitorperformancetoensurethatrequirementsaremet. Exponentstates:Smallvaluesofsurfacesettlementmayindeedbepossiblewithcurrenttunneling technologybuttheyassertthattheseassessmentsareveryoptimisticandthattheyarereliant onflawlesscontroloftheTBM. Metroresponse:Metroreemphasizesthatachievingsurfacevolumelossoflessthan0.5percentand settlementslessthan0.5incharerealisticrequirementsandwillbespecifiedforthetunnelingat CenturyCity.Itisnotcoincidentalthatsettlementssignificantlylessthan0.5inchwereachieved WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT
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Reply to Exponent Responses 6.0Assessment of Tunneling Safety Based on Past Experience

throughouttheentire1.7milelengthofeachofthetwoEPBtunnelsdrivenonMetrosMGLEEprojectin 2006.TheresultwasachievedwithnormaloperationoftheTBM,whichincludescontrolofmachine performanceandmonitoringtoconfirmthatgroundmovementsarebeingcontrolledtorequiredlevels. Further,asnotedinMetrospreviousresponse,groundlossoflessthan0.5percentisnowroutineon pressurefacetunnelingprojectsrecentexamplesincludeCityofPortlandEastandWestsideCSO tunnelsandtheUniversityLinktransittunnelsinSeattle,wheremostofthefourtunneldriveswere beneathbuildings.AprimeinternationalexampleistheexperienceonLine9oftheBarcelonaMetro. Theachievementwasparticularlyimpressivebecauseitwaswithlargediametershields(31and39feet diameter)drivenovermostofthealignment,beneathbuildings.Bono,etal(2008),withthecontractor Paymacotas,state: According to our experience in Barcelona, even in very different geological contests (sic) ranging from Pliocene clay/sands to Olocenic low consolidated silts with covers ranging from 1.5to 2 diameters, it is currently possible to reach a negligible surface settlement,maintainingtheapparentvolumelosseswellbelowthe0.5%. Thishasbeenpossiblewiththeimplementationofadetailedgroundmonitoringwhich is continuously feeding a back analysis process to set the EPB shield excavation parametersjointlywithastrictcontrolcarriedoutdirectlyintheEPBshield. WithrespecttoBHHS,Shannon&Wilson,consultantfortheCityofBeverlyHills,initsreviewofthe CenturyCityAreaFaultInvestigationReport,assertsthatthetunnelisnotlikelytodirectlyimpactthe campusfacilities.Theyfurtherindicatethattherisksassociatedwithgroundlossduringconstruction, vibrationsduringconstructionandoperation,andhazardsfrommethaneandothergassescanbe mitigatedbydesignplansandspecificationsfortheproject. Exponentstates:theabsenceofpastincidentsdoesnot,byitself,ensurethatfuturetunnelingin similarconditionsisinherentlysafe. Metroresponse:Theabovestatementiscorrectiftherequirementsandconditionsnecessaryto achievethepreviousgoodperformancearenotunderstoodandproperlyappliedonthefutureproject. However,thisisnotthecase.Groundcontrolrequirementsarewellunderstoodandarebeingapplied forthecurrentandfutureMetrotunnelprojects. Exponentstates:Furthermore,tunnelalignmentcomparisonsandnecessaryprecautionscannotbe madewithoutincorporatingpossibleoutcomesofexcessivesettlementintoanoverallframeworkfor quantitativeriskassessment. Metroresponse:Metrodisagrees.Ratherthanconductingaquantitativeriskassessmentofthe outcomesofexcessivesettlement,thenecessaryprecautionsemployedbyMetroaretomonitor, control,andmakeadjustmentsandapplycorrectionstoensurethatgroundmovementsarecontrolled. Metroemploysaseriesofstepsintheplanning,design,andconstructiontoensuregroundcontrol.As notedinMetrospreviousresponse,theseinclude:

Prequalificationofcontractorandseniorpersonnel,requiringexperienceinpressurizedface tunneling Contractspecificationsforpressurizedfacetunnelingandgroundcontrol WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT

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Reply to Exponent Responses 7.0Future Development over the Tunnels

Contractorworkplansubmittalsforcontrollingoperation,includingtargetandwarninglevelsfor keymachinefunctions Monitoringofgroundmovementsaroundshieldandfeedbacktomachineoperation

Exponentstates:However,therisksalwaysexistforunexpectedconditions.Severalsourcesof grounddisplacement,specifictopressurized,closedfaceTBMs,includethefollowing(Boone,2008). Metroresponse:TheBoonereferenceoutlinessourcesofgroundmovementaroundtheface,body,and tailoftheshield.Manyareconditionsthatarenotunexpectedrisksbutaredealtwithinthedesignand operationoftheshield.Metrosconsultantshaveevaluatedandsummarizedsourcesofgroundloss, includingthoseoutlinedintheBoonereference,basedontheirownpioneeringfieldinvestigationswith openshieldsaswellasrecentinvestigationsofpressurefaceshieldsthathavedemonstratedtheir capabilitytolimitgroundmovementsaroundthefaceandperimeteroftheshield.Mostimportantly, provenproceduresforcontrollingtheseconditionshavebeenidentifiedandapplied.

7.0

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OVER THE TUNNELS

Exponentstates:Onpage71oftheirResponseReport,Metrostatesthatspecialfoundationswould notberequiredforstructuresplacedabovethetunnels.However,thiswouldbetrueonlyforfuture structuresthatlieaboveoroutsideofMetrosRightofWayEnvelope.Thepreliminarytunnelprofiles underBHHSshowthetunnelcrowntobeapproximately55to70feetbelowgrade,leavingapproxi mately30to50feetofclearanceforundergroundstructuresandfoundations.Thisamountof clearancemaybesufficientfortwotofourlevelsofundergroundparkingonamatfoundation. However,othertypesofstructuresmayrequiredifferentfoundationsthatconsistofpilesordrilled piersthatextendintoMetrosRightofWayEnvelope.IntheResponseReport,MetrostatesthatAny futureprojecttobedevelopedadjacenttoMetrorightofwaywillneedMetroapprovalpriorto construction.CloserguidanceandexpectationsshouldbeprovidedbyMetroaboutanyconstruction approvalprocessesrequiredbythem. Metroresponse:ThistopicwascoveredinMetrosTunnelingSafetyreport(Section8.0),butitappears thattherearemisconceptionsregardingMetrosRightofWayEnvelopeandrequirementsforlocating structuresaboveandadjacenttoMetrotunnels.Guidanceontheconstructionapprovalprocesscanbe foundinMetrosAdjacentConstructionDesignManual(R9DE3033.00).Reviewofproposeddesigns thatcouldhaveadirectimpactonaMetrofacilityorstructureisrequired,butspecificrequirementsfor offsetsandstandoffdistancesfromthetunnelsarenotgivenbecauseeachprojectanditsrelation shiptotheMetrofacilityisuniqueandsolutionsneedtobemadeonacasebycasebasis.Metrolooks forwardtotheopportunitytoworkwithBHHStodevelopacceptablesolutionsforproposed foundationsorundergroundfacilitiesinthevicinityofthetunnels. MetroRailCivilDesignCriteriadefinesrightofwaylimitsforearthtunnelsforrealestateacquisition purposes,asshowninFigure2reproducedfromtheMetroTunnelingSafetyReport. Somefactsabouttunnelingunderbuildingsorbuildingabovetunnelsareasfollows:

Majorbridgelikestructureswithwidespanstosupportfoundationsabovethetunnelsaregenerally notrequired.

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Reply to Exponent Responses 7.0Future Development over the Tunnels

Nearsurfacestructureswithshallowfoundationsandbasementscanbeconstructedabovethe tunnels.Clearancesabovetheproposedtunnelcrownaresufficientformultiplelevelsof undergroundparking. Constructionofbasementsorundergroundparkingstructuresonmatfoundationsreducestheload onunderlyingstructures,makingitfeasibletoplacethefoundationmatincloseproximitytothe crownoftheunderlyingtunnel.Theweightofthesoilremovedisusuallymorethantheweightof thestructure. Deepfoundations,suchasdrilledpiers,canbeplacedadjacentto,andbetween,thetunnels. Figure 2: Figure 8-1 from Metro Tunneling Safety Report

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Reply to Exponent Responses 8.0Summary

Asanadditionalnote,Metroresearchedwheretunnelshavebeensafelyconstructedunderschoolsor whereschoolshavebeenconstructedabovetunnels.AfewexamplesinNorthAmericaarelistedin Table1. Table 1. List of Schools above Transit Tunnels

Name of School Camino Nuevo Charter Academy The Northwest School Bentley School East Sylvan Middle School West Portal Elementary School Rooftop Elementary School Location Los Angeles, CA Seattle, WA Oakland, CA Portland, OR San Francisco, CA San Francisco, CA Building Date ~ 1994 1905 ~1928 Prior to tunnel 1927 1953 Date Tunnel Constructed 1993 2012 1970s 1990's 1918 1918

8.0

SUMMARY

MetroreconfirmstheconclusionsprovidedinthetwoCenturyCityInvestigationreportsandinits TunnelAdvisoryPanel(TAP)ReportissuedonOctober19,2011:

MetrosapproachtoRiskManagementiscorrect. Becauseofknownactivefaulting,stationsitesalongSantaMonicaBoulevardareunacceptablefora subwaystation.FurtherdiscussionoffaultingisprovidedinMetrosresponsestoLeighton ConsultingandShannonandWilson. ThereisnoactivefaultingattheConstellationStationsiteandthelocationissuitableforastation. TunnelingcanbesafelyaccomplishedalongtheConstellationalignmentandunderBHHSand adjacentproperties.Thisincludesconstructioningassygroundandoilproducingareas. ThepresenceofthetunnelswillnotprecludeexpansionanddevelopmentoftheHighschool.

9.0

REFERENCES

Bonoet.al.,2008,SurfaceSettlementMinimizationinSoftSoilwhenExcavatingwithandEarth PressureBalanceShield,(PaperinEnglish),JournadaTechnical:TunelesConEPB:SimulatcionyControl delaTuneladora,UniveritatPolitecnicadeCatalunyaUniversidad LosAngelesCountyMetropolitanTransportationAuthority.AdjacentConstructionDesignManual(R9 DE3033.00) LosAngelesCountyMetropolitanTransportationAuthority.November2011.WestsideSubway ExtensionProjectCenturyCityAreaTunnelingSafetyReport. LosAngelesCountyMetropolitanTransportationAuthority.November2011.WestsideSubway ExtensionProjectCenturyCityAreaFaultInvestigationReport.

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Reply to Exponent Responses 9.0References

LosAngelesCountyMetropolitanTransportationAuthority.May2012.WestsideSubwayExtension ProjectResponsetoLeightonConsultingReport(DRAFT). LosAngelesCountyMetropolitanTransportationAuthority.April4,2012.WestsideSubwayExtension ProjectResponsetoHazardAssessmentStudybyExponent. LosAngelesCountyMetropolitanTransportationAuthority.April17,2012.WestsideSubwayExtension ProjectResponsetoPreliminaryReviewcommentsofCenturyCityAreaFaultInvestigationReportby Shannon&Wilson.

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Reply to Exponent Responses Appendix AData Locations in Century City

APPENDIX A DATA LOCATIONS IN CENTURY CITY

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Reply to Exponent Responses Appendix AData Locations in Century City

APPENDIX A

DATA LOCATIONS IN CENTURY CITY

Plate 2 From Century City Tunneling Safety Report

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Reply to Exponent Responses Appendix BAdditional Information about Soil Gas

APPENDIX B

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SOIL GAS

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Reply to Exponent Responses Appendix BAdditional Information about Soil Gas

APPENDIX B

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SOIL GAS

ItisclearthatmanypeoplehavesincereconcernregardinggassafetyatBeverlyHillsHighSchool. Itisimportanttoknowthatanextensivebodyofinformationisavailableregardingthecontrolof methanesoilgasandhydrogensulfide,includingregulatoryguidelinesandthehistoricalexperienceat manyprojectsitesinSouthernCaliforniaandindeedaroundthenation.Theseguidelineshavebeen successfullyemployedformanyyears.Baseduponthisknowledgeandguidance,decisionscanbemade confidently.ItshouldbenotedthateventhehighprofilesoilgassitesinLosAngelesoverthelast severaldecadeshavebeensuccessfullymitigatedandarecurrentlyoccupied. Itisimportanttounderstandthatthegashazardorriskduringtunnelingisrelatedtothevolume, concentration,andpressureofthegasinthesurroundingsoil.Gasconcentrationsarenotthesamein thetunnelastheyareinthesoilbecausethesoilpermeabilityandthepresenceofthetunnellining limitstheflowofgasintothetunnelandbecauseventilationisprovidedtodiluteandremovegasesthat enterthetunnel. ExperienceinLosAngeles,andinothercitiesintheUnitedStatesandworldwide,hasshownthatthe propercombinationofdesign,moderntunnelingequipmentandmethods,andasupplyofsufficient ventilationleadtosuccessfultunnelconstructionandoperationsingassyground.

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Reply to Exponent Responses Appendix CFigures Location of Schools above Tunnels

APPENDIX C FIGURES LOCATION OF SCHOOLS ABOVE TUNNELS

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Metro Subway Tunnels

eet 7th Str

Macarthur Park Station

Esperanza Public Elementary School Camino Nuevo Charter Academy

The Northwest School

West Portal Public Elementary School

Rooftop K-8 Public Alternative School