1.How to test rotor &stator earth fault in turbine? STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION: Setting: 70% Time - 5 Sec.

Normally the generator stator neutral operates at a Potential close to ground . If a faulty phase winding Connected to ground, the normal low neutral voltage could Rise as high as line-to-neutral voltage depending on the Fault location. Although a single ground fault will not Necessarily cause immediate damage, the presence of one increases the probability of a second. A second fault even if detected by differential relay, may cause serious damage. The usual method of detection fault is by measuring the voltage across the secondary of neutral grounding Transformer (NGT). Here are two over lapping zones to detect Stator ground faults in a high impedance grounded generator System, the two zones are put together cover 100% stator Winding for earth faults. A fundamental frequency neutral Winding for all faults except those near the neutral. over voltage relay covers about 0-95% of the stator zonal Another third harmonic neutral under voltage relay covers Remaining 96-100% of the stator zone 2 winding on neutral side. Relays acted: a. Flag operation at Protection panel. b. Acting of Master relay c. Indication at Annunciation Panel. Consequences: a. tripping of 220KV breaker b. Tripping of Field breaker c. Stop command to Turbine thro Mark-IV Status: a. Unit is at coasting down. 2. thru which signal does P communicate with memory ? hro LDA command the input is made to store in the accumulator, these is stored in the form of BCD 3. what is the difference between signal cable and control cable? SIGNAL CABLE:It carry's control signal (4-20mA or 0-10v) Signal cable generally termed in instrumentation to carry Low voltage or current signals like 24VDC or 4 to 20mA. Usually the signal cables will be twisted pair with individual and/or overall sheath which helps to avoid any EMI in the cable carrying 4-20mA to a distance CONTROL CABLE:It carry's control voltage (230VAC or 24VDC) Control cable is generally termed in Electrical to carry out controlling of MCC/Feeders i,e to control motor like start/stop command, start/stop indication etc. Here the cableconstruction do not call for as mention above in the signal cables. There are several differences between Control cables and signal cables... 1. Physical Construction wise, 2. Purpose and usage, 3. Applications etc. Above all answers are mostly right but something to be added. The basic is nature of cable.

Both the cables carries Current and Voltages at different levels. Signal can be voltage measured or current measured, 0-5 volts, 1-5 volts, 0-10 volts, 0-50 volts, mille volts T/C, resistance (RTD) etc (with a current carrier say few mill amps to amps), 4-20 ma (with voltage carriers), frequency dominated (Pick ups) with both current and voltage carriers. I.e., to note one of this components is fixed and others will vary acc to the change in the measured parameter or demand parameter. Control cables are mostly Voltage driven with current carries (usually several amps) and fixed frequencies (24v, 110, Ac, DC). There will be no change usually either in voltage, current & frequency. Except zero level to rated level. Like on-off control vales positions. But not 3 phase and 440 volts are control cables they come in power cables & high voltage categories. 4. What do we mean by hook up drawing? What r the information we get from it? Hook-up drawings provides detailed information about how to install an instrument in proper manner. it also includes the details of Bill Of Materials.. It is necessary document for project engineering as well as maintenance dept.. HOOK UP DRAWINGS: The process has hook up (transfer) or arrested into field instruments is called as hook up. there are different types of hook up depends upon the fluid properties. From the hook up drawing shows that How to install the tubing in the process pipe line to instruments, Bill of Quantity, Material specification....all the detail information about the hook up including slops. In any process Industry, Instrument to be mounted properly to get the Correct Reading. Hook-up drawings provides detailed information about Instrument Installation with respect to the Process Fluid. Also Hookup drawing is use to specify the Scope of Piping Department and Instrumentation Department. Also Hookups are required for Operation and Maintation.It Provide the the details of Bill of Materials... 5. What is DDC-MIS? DDC MIS stands for Digital Distributed control Monitoring and Information System. The name itself is self explanatory. Generally used in thermal power plants to centrally control all the functions without going to the location. 6. What is difference between Transducer and Transmitter? Transducer: It is a device which converts one form energy (physical quantity) to another form of energy(normally electrical quantity). Depending on energy types we have classified transducers as electrical, optical,etc...

TRANSMITTER: Normally, the output from sensor and Transducer are low level electrical signals. It's amplify the low level signal into 4-20 mA or 0-10 V signal and transmit this signals. transmitter which transmits the signal from one point to other point without the signal loss Which converts one form of energy i.e (non electrical energy) into other form i.e (electrical energy) example: bellows & bourdan tubes these are primary transducer. 7. what happens when the profibus fails while in operation (operation of a valve)? when communication failure occurs, Valve positioner have three different action depend on application. 1. Fail to close (if valve is fail to open then valve will be in fully open position) 2. Fail to open(if valve is fail to close then valve will be in fully close position) 3. Fail to Standstill.(remain in the previous position) Note: In automatic closed loop system, during failure condition; controller must be forced back to manual mode for safe operation the valve will go to its fail safe position ie.. either open or close. 8. What is the Differance between Graphics And SCADA Graphics? SCADA Graphics have less access? Graphics is only for design of component and only for visualisation but Scada graphics has connected with well written program with the hardware. If value provided it directly input into system such as in plc. basically it is a graphics which executes command. 9.