SMART GRID Implementation Plan for India

Under Guidance of Ms. Indu Maheshwari Dy. Director, NPTI

Submitted By Kaustubh Bhople 9th Batch, NPTI

NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE, FARIDABAD (Under the Ministry of Power, Government of India) Affiliated to

MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROTHAK

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Its been immense pleasure to me while presenting my first report on smart grid. The creation of this report is based on the support of many individuals. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of them. Before expressing my thanks to these individuals, I would like to submit my gratitude and respect to the Almighty for all his blessings. At the outset, I am highly obliged to Mr.JSS Rao, Principal Director NPTI and, Mr. S.K. Choudhary Director (CAMPS), NPTI, who with their experience and expertise, guide us through the academics as well as through the important educational phase of our life. Their efforts in the same direction gave me the opportunity to do summer internship in a pioneer organization Feedback Infra Pvt. Ltd. I would like to express my gratitude to my internal guide Ms. Indu Maheshwari for providing the extended support. I want to use this opportunity to thank all the staff members who contributed directly or indirectly for the completion of my internship report. I also want to express gratitude to all the people whose efforts I have referred and studied before suggesting my implementation plan.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 2

DECLARATION

I, Kaustubh Bhople, a student of MBA (Power Management) 201012 batch at Centre for Advanced Management and Power Studies (CAMPS), NPTI, Faridabad, Roll No.20, hereby declare that the final year major report titled, SMART GRID Implementation plan for India submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree is an original work and that no part of this report has been submitted to any other institute for the award of any other degree and that this work has not been published in any journal or magazine. A Presentation has been made of the same in the institute on. and the suggestions as approved by the faculty were duly incorporated.

Presentation In-charge

Signature of Candidate (Kaustubh Bhople)

Counter signed (Principal Director of Institute)

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 3

CONTENTS
Executive Summary ...................................................... 5 Objective of Report ....................................................... 7 Scope of Report ............................................................ 7 Significance of Report ................................................... 8

I-Basics of Smart Grid ................................................... 9 1.1 Features of Smart Grid ............................................ 11 1.2 Functions of Smart Grid........................................... 13 1.3 Technology............................................................ 15 II-Pilot Project Selection............................................. 20 2.1 Barriers in Implementation ...................................... 21 2.2 Parameter for Site Selection of Pilot Project ............... 23 2.3 Suggestions for Pilot Projects ................................... 25 III-Implementation Plan ............................................. 27 3.1 Smart Grid Initiative in India .................................... 28 3.2 Categorization of India ........................................... 30 3.3 Timeframe for Implementation ................................. 32 Conclusion .................................................................. 38 Bibliography ............................................................... 39

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Smart grids are emerging as the next strategic challenge for the energy sector and as a key catalyst to achieve the vision of a low-carbon economy.
Ignacio S. Galn, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Iberdrola, Spain

India, one of the most attractive economies of 21st century, is standing 2nd in terms of population with 121 Cr. Population. One can clearly guess the huge requirements of power in such country. Over 60 years of Independence has a good record of power generation in India. But now there is a paradigm shift in all the industries in terms of ITization. In consistence with todays era, Indian power sector also needs to go through this paradigm shift and this shift will be in the form of Smart Grid.

The transition towards a smart grid can be driven by a number of factors, some or all of which may apply to varying degrees. However, the hierarchy of needs will vary from country to country, region to region and
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 5

even circuit to circuit, based on the legacy network that exists and the ambitions of local policy-makers. In some cases, reliability may dominate the list of outcomes due to challenges faced by an ageing infrastructure; however, in another area, the drive to incorporate plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and distributed generation and storage may be dominant. In these instances, different physical architectures might evolve that are optimized to the local need. Over time, needs may change and therefore the design philosophy will need to embrace the concepts of flexibility, modularity, scalability and forward compatibility. For India, we divide India in four categories Unelctrified Villages, Electrified Villages, Urban and Metros. These four categories can be used to decide the degree of pilot projects in these locations based on various parameters like Consumer mix, geography, degree of smart grid etc. At the end, the most important part of report is the suggestion of implementation plan. Below is the suggestion of plan.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 6

OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT

There are some successful implementations of Smart grid in developed countries. According to World Economic Forum, India is in very preliminary stage regarding the development of smart grid. This project will focus on implementation strategy of smart grid in India. In the path of jotting down the plan the project has to cover following dimensions of smart grid Basics of Smart Grid Barriers in implementation of smart grid Parameters for selection of location of pilot projects Suggestions for pilot project locations Implementation plan keeping in view the accomplishment year as 2030.

SCOPE OF THE REPORT

Smart Grid is a huge subject and there are lot of aspects of smart grid to study. There are very little awareness regarding the smart grid and this continues till the task force and task forum formed in India. India has declared the ambition of pilot projects but hasnt announced the locations of the pilot project. This report will be directed towards the implementation plan for smart grid and the pilot project site selection. Based of the barriers of implementation of smart grid, the report is aim to develop a time frame for smart grid implementation.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 7

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE REPORT

There is a buzz word in the power industry Smart Grid. This report has taken a move in this direction. The report has a saga with the same buzz word. The report is targeted to propose a time bound implementation plan for smart grid in India. The report has taken India into consideration, categorised the nation in different parts (Unelectrified villages, Electrified villages, Urban and Metros). Based on these categories, report suggested different pilot projects with varying degree of smart grid. At the end, the report suggested one 4 phase implementation plan which is developed by aiming 2030 as a year when India will have smart grid.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 8

I BASICS OF SMART GRID

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 9

Smart grids incorporate embedded computer processing capability to the and current two-way electricity communications

infrastructure. Smart grids operate across the utility value chain, and should not be confused with smart meters. A smart grid uses sensing, embedded processing and digital

communications to enable the electricity grid to be: Observable (able to be measured and visualized) Controllable (able to manipulated and optimized) Automated (able to adapt and self-heal) Fully integrated (fully interoperable with existing systems and with the capacity to incorporate a diverse set of Energy sources). A smart grid will create the platform for a wide range of advanced and low-carbon technologies.

Figure 1: Smart Grid Holistic Definition

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 10

The smart grid, as defined in above Figure, encapsulates embedded intelligence and communications integrated at any stage from power generation to end point consumption. To date, the majority of the industry debate has centred on smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure devices designed to accurately measure and communicate consumption data in the home or office environment. Confusion can arise if the term smart meter is used synonymously with smart grid. The reality is that, with the holistic smart grid, the smart meter becomes just one more node on the network, measuring and relaying flow and quality data.

1.1 FEATURES OF SMART GRID

Load adjustment Imagine the increment of the load if a popular television program starts and millions of televisions will draw current instantly. Traditionally, to respond to a rapid increase in power consumption, faster than the startup time of a large generator, some spare generators are put on a dissipative standby mode. A smart grid may warn all individual television sets, or another larger customer, to reduce the load temporarily (to allow time to start up a larger generator) or continuously (in the case of limited resources). Using mathematical prediction algorithms it is possible to predict how many standby generators need to be used, to reach a certain failure rate. In the traditional grid, the failure rate can only be reduced at the cost of more standby generators. In a smart grid, the load reduction by even a small portion of the clients may eliminate the problem. Demand response support Demand response support allows generators and loads to interact in an automated fashion in real time, coordinating demand to flatten spikes. Eliminating the fraction of demand that occurs in these spikes eliminates the cost of adding reserve generators, cuts wear and tear and extends the life of equipment, and allows users to cut their energy bills by telling low priority devices to use energy only when it is cheapest.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 11

Currently, power grid systems have varying degrees of communication within control systems for their high value assets, such as in generating plants, transmission lines, substations and major energy users. In general information flows one way, from the users and the loads they control back to the utilities. The utilities attempt to meet the demand and succeed or fail to varying degrees (brownout, rolling blackout, uncontrolled blackout). The total amount of power demand by the users can have a very wide probability distribution which requires spare generating plants in standby mode to respond to the rapidly changing power usage. This oneway flow of information is expensive; the last 10% of generating capacity may be required as little as 1% of the time, and brownouts and outages can be costly to consumers. Greater resilience to loading Although multiple routes are touted as a feature of the smart grid, the old grid also featured multiple routes. Initial power lines in the grid were built using a radial model, later connectivity was guaranteed via multiple routes, referred to as a network structure. However, this created a new problem: if the current flow or related effects across the network exceed the limits of any particular network element, it could fail, and the current would be shunted to other network elements, which eventually may fail also, causing a domino effect. Decentralization of power generation Another element of fault tolerance of traditional and smart grids is decentralized power generation. Distributed generation allows individual consumers to generate power onsite, using whatever generation method they find appropriate. This allows individual loads to tailor their generation directly to their load, making them independent from grid power failures. Classic grids were designed for one-way flow of electricity, but if a local sub-network generates more power than it is consuming, the reverse flow can raise safety and reliability issues. A smart grid can manage these situations, but utilities routinely manage this type of situation in the existing grid.
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 12

Price signalling to consumers In many countries, including Belgium, Greece, the Netherlands and the UK, the electric utilities have installed double tariff electricity meters in many homes to encourage people to use their electric power during night time or weekends, when the overall demand from industry is very low. During off-peak time the price is reduced significantly, primarily for heating storage radiators or heat pumps with a high thermal mass, but also for domestic appliances. This idea will be further explored in a smart grid, where the price could be changing in seconds and electric equipment is given methods to react on that.

1.2 FUNCTIONS OF SMART GRID

Self-healing Using real-time information from embedded sensors and automated controls to anticipate, detect, and respond to system problems, a smart grid can automatically avoid or mitigate power outages, power quality problems, and service disruptions. Consumer participation A smart grid is, in essence, an attempt to require consumers to change their behaviour around variable electric rates or to pay vastly increased rates for the privilege of reliable electrical service during high-demand conditions. Proponents assert that the real-time, two-way communications available in a smart grid will enable consumers to be compensated for their efforts to save energy and to sell energy back to the grid through net-metering. By enabling distributed generation resources like residential solar panels, small wind and plug-in hybrid, proponents assert that the smart grid will spark a revolution in the energy industry by allowing small players like individual homes and small businesses to sell power to their neighbours or back to the grid. Many utilities currently promote small independent distributed generation and successfully integrate it with no impact. These sources of power are currently cost-effective with the help government subsidies that are
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 13

available to help consumers purchase the often expensive equipment that is required. Resist attack Smart grid technologies better identify and respond to man-made or natural disruptions. Real-time information enables grid operators to isolate affected areas and redirect power flows around damaged facilities. One of the most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts. High quality power It is asserted that assuring more stable power provided by smart grid technologies will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses, but the reliability of complex systems is very difficult to analyse and guarantee. Accommodate generation options As smart grids continue to support traditional power loads they also seamlessly interconnect fuel cells, renewable, microturbines, and other distributed generation technologies at local and regional levels. Integration of small-scale, localized, or on-site power generation allows residential, commercial, and industrial customers to self-generate and sell excess power to the grid with minimal technical or regulatory barriers. This also improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice. Enable electricity market Intelligence in distribution grids are not required to enable small producers to generate and sell electricity at the local level using alternative sources such as rooftop-mounted photo voltaic panels, smallscale wind turbines, and micro hydro generators. Only after very high penetration of these types of resources is additional intelligence provided by sensors and software designed to react instantaneously to imbalances caused by intermittent sources, such as distributed generation, necessary.
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 14

Optimize assets A smart grid can optimize capital assets while minimizing operations and maintenance costs. Optimized power flows reduce waste and maximize use of lowest-cost generation resources. Harmonizing local distribution with inter-regional energy flows and transmission traffic improves use of existing grid assets and reduces grid congestion and bottlenecks, which can ultimately produce consumer savings. Enable high penetration of intermittent generation sources Climate change and environmental concerns will increase the amount of renewable energy resources. These are for the most part intermittent in nature. Smart Grid technologies will enable power systems to operate with larger amounts of such energy resources since they enable both the suppliers and consumers to compensate for such intermittency.

1.3 TECHNOLOGY
Smart Grid technology is changing with a rapid pace, each day scientists, and researcher trying to make it more automatic, flexible and robust. As on Date, following are the technologies available in different aspects of smart grid. Advanced Components Advanced components "Advanced components play an active role in determining the electrical behaviour of the grid. They can be applied in either standalone applications or connected together to create complex systems such as microgrids. These components are based on fundamental research and development (R&D) gains in power electronics, superconductivity, materials, chemistry, and microelectronics." Advanced (OLTC) Controllable Network Transformer Convertible Static Compensator On-load Tap-changer Advanced Protective Relays

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 15

(CNT) Current Limiting Conductor (CLiC) FACTS Grid Tie Inverter Medium Switch Narrow-band PLC SoC IC Solutions Programmable Thermostats Short Circuit Current Limiter (SCCL) Voltage Static

(CSC) D-VAR or DSTATCOM Flow Control using HTS Cable Load Control Receiver Transfer Meter Data Management

One Cycle Control Controller

Communication Real-Time Demand Response and DER Control Device Smart Meter

Smart Wires Class of Distributed Solid State Transfer Switch (SSTS) Series Impedance (DSI) Device Static Shunt Compensator Static Synchronous Series

(STATCOM) Static Var Compensators

Compensator (SSSC) Thyristor Compensators Controlled Series

Unified (UPFC)

Power

Flow

Controller

Advanced Control Methods Advanced Control Method technologies are "the devices and algorithms that will analyze, diagnose, and predict conditions in the modern grid and determine and take appropriate corrective actions to eliminate, mitigate, and prevent outages and power quality disturbances.
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 16

These methods will provide control at the transmission, distribution, and consumer levels and will manage both real and reactive power across state boundaries." Advanced Feeder Automation Distributed Systems Energy Management System (EMS) Fault Locator for Distribution Intelligent Advanced Substation Gateway

Control Distribution Automation (DA)

Systems Grid Friendly Appliance Controller Substation Automation (SA) SCADA

Sensing and Measurement Sensing and Measurement "is an essential component of a fully modern power grid. Advanced sensing and measurement technologies will acquire and transform data into information and enhance multiple aspects of power system management. These technologies will evaluate equipment health and the integrity of the grid. They will support frequent meter readings, eliminate billing estimations, and prevent energy theft. They will also help relieve congestion and reduce emissions by enabling consumer choice and demand response and by supporting new control strategies." Advanced (AMI) Cable Monitoring System Current Sensor Instrument Transformer
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Metering

Infrastructure Battery Monitoring System

Circuit Breaker Monitoring System Fiber Optic Sensor Outage Management System
Page 17

Power Quality Monitoring System

Sag

Profile

and

VAR

Monitoring

System Temperature Monitoring System Wide Transformer Monitoring System

Area Measurement System Wireless Condition Monitoring

(WAMS)

Improved Interfaces and Decision Support Improved Interfaces and Decision Support are "essential

technologies that must be implemented if grid operators and managers are to have the tools and training they will need to operate a modern grid. Improved Interface and Decision Support technologies will convert complex power-system data into information that can be understood by human operators at a glance. Animation, colour contouring, virtual reality, and other data display techniques will prevent data overload and help operators identify, analyse, and act on emerging problems." Consumer Gateway and Portal Distributed Controller Grid Friendly Appliance Controller Power Software Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) Distribution Microgrid Control Software Transmission Analysis Energy Resources

Analysis Power Software Smart Unit

Appliance

Interface

(SAI)

System Visualization Software Integrated Communications

Universal Power Interface

Of these five key technology areas, the implementation of integrated communications is "a foundational need, required by the other key
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 18

technologies and essential to the modern power grid. Integrated communications will create a dynamic, interactive mega infrastructure for real-time information and power exchange, allowing users to interact with various intelligent electronic devices in an integrated system sensitive to the various speed requirements (including near real-time) of the interconnected applications." Broadband Cable Cellular (3G) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Integrated Digital Broadband Power Line (BPL) Cellular (CDMA and TDMA) Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH)

Enhanced Internet Protocol (IPv4 and IPv6)

Network (IDEN) IPv6 over Low power WPAN Leased Lines & Dial-up

(6lowpan) Multiple Address (MAS) Radio Power Line Communications (PLC) Paging Network Radio Frequency Identification

Devices (RFID) Spread Systems Very (VSAT) Wi-Fi Wireless Interoperability WiFiber for X10, UPB, INSTEON, Z-Wave, Small Aperture Spectrum (SS) Radio Three GPP (3GPP) Long Term

Evolution (LTE) Terminal Wavenis Wireless

Microwave Access (WiMAX) ZigBee

Zigbee for Home Automation

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 19

II PILOT PROJECT SELECTION

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 20

India, one of the most attractive economies of 21st century, is standing 2nd in terms of population with 121 Cr. Population. One can clearly guess the huge requirements of power in such country. Over 60 years of Independence has a good record of power generation in India. But now there is a paradigm shift in all the industries in terms of ITization. In consistence with todays era, Indian power sector also needs to go through this paradigm shift and this shift will be in the form of Smart Grid. There are some successful implementations of Smart grid in developed countries. This project will focus on implementation strategy of smart grid in India. There is a very little information available on the Smart grid task force and smart grid forum. To have a good view on implementation strategy, I have studied the World economic report and successful implementation strategies in developed countries. Also we need to take care of current problem faced by the Indian Power Sector in terms of Grid.

2.1 BARRIERS IN IMPLEMENTATION

Considering the current condition of India as a developing country, there are many barriers for smart grid successful implementation. Policy and Regulation In many cases, utilities do not get as far as a business case for the smart grid as there are regulatory and policy barriers in place that either create reverse incentives or fail to create sufficient positive incentives for private sector investment. High Capital Cost In cases where regulatory framework is supportive, there is a problem of investing a huge capital in Smart Grid. Till now, there are no successful pilot project which hampers the confidence of private investors.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 21

Ignorance to Social Benefit Also while calculating the benefits only economical benefits are considered. The intangible benefits like reduction in carbon emission which adds to the social welfare are not taken into account. Technology Maturity and Delivery Risk A smart grid brings together a number of technologies (communications, power electronics, software, etc.) at different stages of the technology maturity lifecycle. In some cases, these technologies have significant technology risks associated with them because de facto or agreed standards have not emerged. In addition, there are only a handful of examples of large scale implementation of more than 50,000 premises and therefore there continues to be significant delivery risk priced in to the estimates. Increasing Awareness Consumers and policy-makers are becoming increasingly aware of the challenges posed by climate change and the role of greenhouse gas emissions in creating the problem. In some cases, they are aware of the role of renewable generation and energy efficiency in combating climate change. It is much less common that they are also aware of the way that power is delivered to the home and the role of smart grids in enabling a low-carbon future. Access to Affordable Capital Utility companies are generally adept at tapping the capital markets; however, where delivery risks are high and economic frameworks are variable, the relative cost of capital may be higher than normal, which acts as a deterrent to investment. Stable frameworks and optimum allocation of risk between the customer, the utility and government will be the key to accessing the cheapest capital possible. In
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 22

the case of municipalities and cooperatives, this challenge may become amplified as the ability to manage delivery risk is reduced.

Skills and Knowledge In the longer term, a shortfall is expected in critical skills that will be required to architect and build smart grids. As experienced power system engineers approach retirement, companies will need to transition the pool of engineering skills to include power electronics, communications and data management and mining. System operators will need to manage networks at different levels of transition and learn to operate using advanced visualization and decision support. Cyber security and Data Integrity Digital communication networks and more granular and frequent information on consumption patterns raise concerns in some quarters of cyber-insecurity and potential for misuse of private data. These issues are not unique to smart grids but are cause for concern on what is a critical network infrastructure.

2.2 PARAMETER FOR SITE SELECTION OF PILOT PROJECT

Though, to successful implementation, it is really important to choose location for pilot projects. Following can be the 1. Condition of Discom: The financial condition of discom should be sound enough to invest in new technology. Also the existing infrastructure should be in good condition, because there will be less cost in up gradation if existing infrastructure is in good condition.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 23

2. Globalization Considering the location of pilot project, it should be one which is very much close to global markets. The reason being, the technological advancement, other infrastructure facilities are developed which helps the overall implementation of the pilot project. 3. Consumer Payment History In addition to above mentioned factor, we need timely paying consumers; because, the financial viability is one of the major factors of success. The timely paying consumer history means less bad debtors means good revenue collection. 4. Consumer Literacy To have a successful pilot project, consumer literacy index is one of the most important parameter. Because, Smart grid is a two way communication channel in which involvement of consumer is as important as involvement of utility. So consumer should be well literate to understand firstly the technology and secondly his responsibilities and limitations. 5. Location geography Smart grid does not mean smart meters, there are various other technologies used at various phases of grid infrastructure. If the terrain of the locality is too much hilly or difficult to build infrastructure on, then there will be numerous problems related with proper implementation and tracking of project. 6. Degree of Smart Grid: The most important parameter in selection of site for smart grid is the degree of smart grid which we want to test, because there are various levels of smart grid like micro grid, smart meters, advanced transmission, decentralised generation etc. We can not
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 24

have pilot project of decentralised generation right now unless we implement smart meters. So in selection of location we also need to take care of this factor. T

2.3 SUGGESTIONS FOR PILOT PROJECTS

We have sent the parameters which one should take into consideration for deciding pilot project location. In regards to those parameters we also need to consider the degree of smart grid. 1. Micro Grid: a. Unelectrified Village: This is really good, because we can design the system as per our need. This will be barren field on which we can model the grid as we want. b. New Big complexes: This is really beautiful one, as the consumers are literate. The big constructions of societies are coming up and we can target them for this concept. 2. Smart Meter: a. Metros: Areas of metros are best suited for this. India has already taken a step forward in this area by starting the pilot project in Bangalore. In addition to that, India should start the pilot project in remaining metros. b. Urban Areas: India also started this in form of Managlore. We should target at least 15 cities in each state in coming year. 3. Advanced Transmission: a. Inter State Corridors: Powergrid has taken steps in implementation of advanced transmission, but the pace is somewhat slow. Also, they should try to latest technology rather than the tested one, at least in some parts. This will help to make Indian grid up to date. 4. Advanced Smart Grid: a. Industrial Area: This is only area available right now which can be targeted for pilot project of advanced smart grid. Because we want the literate and alert consumer. As Power is
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 25

the basic necessity of any industry, they will participate actively in strengthening their basic requirement. b. Upper Economic class in Metros: This is also a probable area of implementation of advanced infrastructure. As the consumers are very literate and can pay for initial cost of pilot project.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 26

III IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 27

3.1 SMART GRID INITIATIVE IN INDIA

India has some good initiatives like formation of Indian Smart Grid Task Force and Indian Smart Grid Forum. India Smart Grid Task Force (ISGTF) The India Smart Grid Task Force is an inter ministerial group and will serve as government focal point for activities related to SMART GRID. The Main functions of ISGTF pertaining to Smart Grid are:

To ensure awareness coordination and integration of diverse activities related to Smart Grid Technologies. Practices & services for reasearch & development of SMART GRID. Coordination and integrate other relevant inter governmental activities. Collaborate on interoperability framework. Review & validate recommendations from India Smart Grid Forum etc.

Five Working groups have been constituted to takeup the different task related to SMART GRID activities i.e.

WG1 Trials/Pilot on new technologies. WG2 Loss reduction and theft, data gathering and analysis. WG3 Power to rural areas and reliability & quality of power to urban areas. WG4 Dist Generation & renewable. WG5 Physical cyber security, Standards and Spectrum.

India Smart Grid Forum It is an initiative of Ministry of Power and it will be a non-profit voluntary consortium of public and private stakeholders with the prime objective of accelerating development of Smart Grid technologies in the Indian Power Sector. Following are the objectives of this forum:

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 28

The goal of the Forum would be to help the Indian power sector to deploy Smart Grid technologies in an efficient, cost-effective, innovative and scalable manner by bringing together all the key stakeholders and enabling technologies.

The India Smart Grid Forum will coordinate and cooperate with relevant global and Indian bodies to leverage global experience and standards where ever available or helpful, and will highlight any gaps in the same from an Indian perspective.

Governance of the Forum will be overseen by a Board of Governors / Directors. Initially there will be 7 members in Board of Governors, 5 of which will be elected and other two being representatives of MoP and PFC.

The Forum will operate in a hierarchical or layered structure with different working groups focusing on different aspects of Smart Grid. A Core Group will comprise of Founding Members and will be responsible for overall coordination of the working groups. Members of core committee and working groups will be decided by elections and few nominations from Government agencies. Nominations from Government agencies will be done by MoP / PFC.

Forum will be open for voluntary memberships from all appropriate interested entities. There will be different categories of membership with different rights and responsibilities based on the entity size and other status such as government, regulator, non-profit organisations, industry, utility etc.

Initially the Forum will be open by invitation and a temporary President of forum will be appointed. Invitation will be sent to selected state power utilities, private power utilities, power sector PSUs, empanelled System Integrators, SCADA Consultants and Implementing Agencies of R-APDRP, selected educational and research institutes, NGOs, CEA, CERC, CPRI, FICCI and NASSCOM. After 1st meeting, forum will operate by election of core committee members and full fledged chairman. MoP, PFC and REC will be

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 29

permanent invitees and members of the forum. Ministry of Power will be Patron of the Forum. Secretariat of the Forum will be initially at PFC, New Delhi. M/s CSTEP will be the knowledge partner and Advisor for the Forum. The terms of engagement will be finalised by PFC and later reviewed by Smart Grid Forum. Funding of the Forum will be from the annual membership fee from all members (except those specifically exempted) based on their categories. Initial funding of the Forum has been proposed through Ministry of Power, who will be the Patron of the Forum.

It has members from government (6), utilities (7), Industry (52), Research, academic institutes (9). It has also 7 working group looking after different technological aspects in smart grid. They are:

WG1 Advanced Transmission (incl. PMU, WAMS, FACTS etc.) WG2 Advanced Distribution WG3 Communications WG4 Metering WG5 Consumption and Load Control WG6 Policy and Regulations WG7 Architecture and Design WG8 Pilots and Business Model

3.2 CATEGORIZATION OF INDIA

India is a vast country with diversity in all possible parameters. To implement the smart grid in such a country is a huge challenge. We need to take into consideration lot of constraints. We can easily divide India in 4 categories based on the globalization index and infrastructure availability. We need to adopt different implementation strategies in different areas.
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 30

Unelectrified Village

Electrified Village

Metro

Urban

We have seen the Smart Grid and Micro Grid Concept in earlier chapters. Smart grid is a phenomenon which will continue to evolve in generations to come. Right now we will consider the smart grid as one with complete automatic control. As per the report of World Economic Forum, India is on a Low level of Smart Grid development. We have a Herculean task in front of us regarding the Smart Grid. Unelectrified Villages: In case of areas where the infrastructure is not there, we can go for the concept of Micro Grid. Because, areas where the normal grid is difficult to reach are the only parts which are left so we can adapt to the concept of micro grid. Electrified Villages: These are the one where we can go for transmission and generation technologies of smart grid. The reason being distribution initiative like smart meters wont work efficiently in these areas. Distribution initiatives require consumer participation and the consumer participation index is very low in these areas.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 31

Urban: These are the localities where we can go for basic of Smart Grid. This is the most critical locality in testing smart grid in India. Metros: These are the economic centres of India. These will be good choice to see the future of Indian Grid at Present. We can test the advanced technology in these locations.

SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY

LOCATION

3.3 TIMEFRAME FOR IMPLEMENTATION

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 32

As India is in very nascent stage of Development of Smart Grid, it is very difficult to predict the exact timeframe in which it can achieve the target. The basic challenge to accomplish the target is overcoming the inertia. The more we take time to overcome it more difficult to get to the latest technology, as the smart grid technology is developing with a very great pace. Infosys has given the following graph for achievement of accomplished smart grid in India. But the plan is very optimistic and ambitious.

We havent yet implemented a successful pilot project of smart metering which is very basic requirement of Smart grid. There are pilot projects going on in BESCOM (Bangalore Electricity Supply Co.) and MESCOM (Mangalore Electricity Supply Co.). What we should concentrate is dividing smart grid implementation in parts. Some parts will go for smart metering, some with advanced transmission etc. Below time frame is designed for India.
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 33

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 34

We can see the complete implementation plan in 4 phases, starting this year. Phase I: Basics of Smart Grid The 1st phase is really important for success of complete plan. The phase will have following task 1. Micro grid formation: this is applicable in those areas where the current grid is not yet reached. We can have a target of around 6 years for completion of this activity. This is really huge task in terms of reaching to those areas and setting up a complete micro grid. 2. Smart Metering in Metros and Urban: Simultaneously we can start with changing normal metering with smart metering in urban and Metros. This should be completed in next 4 years of span. 3. Advanced Transmission: In addition to the distribution initiatives like micro grid and smart metering, we need to strengthen our transmission system with technology like PMU, WAMS, FACTS etc. This will help to ease the integration of complete grid. This is giant task, so we consider it to be completed in next 10 years. Phase II: Advanced Transmission This mainly constitutes the integration of complete grid, this involves, integrating the micro grid into main grid and having a good capacity linkage between all the parts of India. In addition to it, we need to achieve the smart metering for whole India. Both these tasks can be started once we have achieved 100% electrification and smart metering of urban and metros. Phase III: Decentralised Generation This phase will concentrate on integrating the generation of India. This phase will concentrate on achieving the Decentralised generation
Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India Page 35

concept of smart grid. We can start this phase as early as possible. We can add the generating units to grid in following order. 1. Captive power plants 2. Renewable sources 3. Inverters and DG Sets 4. Batteries 5. Electric Vehicles and sources like that. So this phase will stretch to almost end of smart grid implementation. Phase IV: Market Development and Security This phase will concentrate on two parameters 1. Market Creation: To promote the smart grid implementation, we need to create market for various effective usage of electricity. One of the initiatives can be electric vehicles, other than those renewable sources which help to earn money if that source injects power into grid etc. 2. Security Integration of information technology (IT) and

telecommunications infrastructures into the traditional electric power system have transformed the historical electricity network into a smarter electricity grid that enables real-time sensing, measurement, control, and two-way energy and information flow among various devices. As cyber infrastructure has become a critical component and to the energy of sector infrastructure, and to IT grid management unauthorized protections cyber as systems relate

components at all levels are required to prevent access to functions, especially they operations. Cyber infrastructure and cyber security are terms defined by the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) as:

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 36

a. Cyber

Infrastructure: Includes

electronic

information

and

communications systems and services and the information contained in these systems and services. Information and communications systems and services are composed of all hardware and software that process, store, and communicate information, or any combination of all of these elements. Processing includes the creation, access, modification, and destruction of information. Storage includes paper, magnetic, electronic, and all other media types. Communications include sharing and distribution of information. For example: computer systems; control systems (e.g., SCADA); networks, such as the Internet; and cyber services (e.g., managed security services) are part of cyber infrastructure. b. Cyber Security: The protection required to ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability of the electronic information communication system. With the adoption and implementation of the Smart Grid, the IT and telecommunication sectors will be more directly involved. These sectors have existing cyber security standards to address vulnerabilities and assessment programs to identify known vulnerabilities in these systems. These same vulnerabilities need to be assessed in the context of the Smart Grid. In addition, the Smart Grid has additional vulnerabilities due to its complexity, large number of stakeholders, and highly time-sensitive operational requirements.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 37

CONCUSION
Ultimately, smart grids empower consumers by providing unprecedented visibility and control over energy usage and will change the way we all think about and buy energy. This new system will also transform the relationship between the utility and consumer from a one-way transaction into a collaborative relationship that benefits both, as well as the environment.
Peter L. Corsell, Chief ExecutiveOfficer, GridPoint

To achieve this environment friendly technology mammoth, we need a concrete and ambitious plan. India, being a developing nation, there is inertia towards new untested technologies. We usually wait for the developed nations to test the technology and then we adopt those technologies. India is on the verge of becoming the developed countries, so in case of Smart Grid, we need to be in race with developed countries so that in coming two decades we will be the leader in smart grid. To achieve this, we need to start our efforts in various technological aspects simultaneously. We need to select our pilot projects strategically based on various parameters like Consumer mix, degree of smart grid etc. In addition to that, we need to stick to the plan of 4 phase smart grid implementation Basics of Smart Grid Advanced Transmission Decentralised Generation Cyber Security and Market Development

Phase - 1

Phase - 2

Phase - 3

Phase - 4

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 38

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Documents 1. Accelerating Smart Grid Investment, World Economic Forum in Partnership with Accenture, REF: 150709 , 2009 2. Accelerating Successful Smart Grid Pilots, World Economic Forum in Partnership with Accenture, 2010 3. Smart Grids White Paper, Rahul Tongia, Ph.D., WH-1, Aug, 2009 4. Smart Grid Policy, FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, 128 FERC /61,060, Jul, 2009 Presentations 1. Smart Grid in Distribution Sector, Infosys, Power Grid, Gurgaon, January 2010 2. A Smart Grid vision, Jean-Louis COULLON, Delhi, January 2010 3. INDIAN POWER GRID FUTURE SCENARIO AND CHALLENGES, V. Ramakrishna, Member (PS), CEA 4. Road map for implementation of Smart Grid for Indian Powergrid, A.G. Phadke 5. 10 Steps to Smart Grids, Eurelctric 6. The European Electricity Grid Initiative (EEGI)- Roadmap 2010-18 and Detailed Implementation Plan 2010-12, Entsoe & EDSO, May, 2010

Websites 1. www.isgtf.in/ 2. http://173.201.177.176/isgf/ 3. www.sgiclearinghouse.org 4. www.wikipedia.com

Smart Grid Implementation Plan for India

Page 39