Organisation Structure and Management of Corporation in Japam: Organisation structure and management Japanese enterprises grew up in conformity with

Japanese social system and culture. Top Level Functions : The main responsibility of management of Japanese corporation rests with board of directors. Chairman of the board is the chief executive of the corporation. In Japanese corporation board there is the existence of a representative director. It is difficult for directors to avoid their duties and responsibilities. Top level management of corporations consists of chairman sr. executive vice president, vice president and the managing directors.

Mid level: Divisional and branch management comprise the mid-level management Japanese corporation. They are the mid-level executives and do usually perform their duties as per instruction of an policies laid down by the top management.

Special Features of Japanese Management : Reflection of National Character : They are engaged in healthy competition with each other and are determined to take revenge in the economic front of the defeat of World War-II . In fact, the Japanese nurture a deep feeling of mutual interests of serving the nation and thereby serving their own personal interest. Joint responsibility: The are being shared equally by all the members of the group. Groups not individuals are entrusted with jobs and are also evaluated in the same way. Participative Management : The formulation and implementation of all major decisions are done by managers in consultation and conjunction with subordinates.

Lower-level employees initiate an idea and submit it in the form of a proposal called Ringishu, to the next higher level, until it reaches the desk of the top executive. If the proposal is approved, it is returned to the initiator for implementation. Although the decision-making process is time consuming,

the implementation of the decision-because of the general consensus at various levels of managementis swift and does not require additional "Selling". Harmonious industrial relations : In Japan, the industrial relations are more harmonious than that of any country of the west. The employers and workers organisations are tolerant to each other. The trade unions bargain with employers but they never fight against the company. Thus it is often said the "American unions fight the company but Japanese unions fight the management.

Life long employment (Nenko) and the seniority system: Employees spend their working life with a single enterprise, which in turn provides employees with security and feeling of belonging. "Wa" (harmony) to the enterprise Closely related to Nenko, is the seniority system, which has provided privileges for older employees who have been with the enterprise for a long time. The fact that under 'Nenko' an employee remains in job so long as she/he wishes to continue, adds to business costs, because employees are kept on the payroll even though there may be insufficient work. Continuous training: For employment in Japanese industries, candidates of younger are age preferred. They are being trained and groomed for appropriate job responsibility. Quality control: The workers work as members of these QCC's and they themselves ensure quality under the guidance of foremen. Paternal Human relations: The Japanese managers act as 'parents' of sub-ordinates and take care of their problems as guardians. They have used the "Confucian" concept, into their management system which makes it imperative to regard seniors as respectable persons.

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Determining policies relating to production and sale of the corporation. Purchasing and selling of valuable properties of the corporation. Performing important contracts on behalf of the corporation. Setting important organization and/or personnel matters. Defending important litigation in favour of the corporation. Doing all other important jobs on behalf of and being empowered by the shareholders.