Airpak Tutorial: Office Ventilation

Center for Housing Innovations The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Introduction
How to model an office shared by two people working at computers You will learn: - model airflow, heat transfer and associated phenomenon in an enclosed space - Include effects of relative humidity distribution in the simulation - Model the effects of radiation - Examine the comfort level in the room by calculating the predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD)

Center for Housing Innovations The Chinese University of Hong Kong

 Center for Housing Innovations The Chinese University of Hong Kong

What is Thermal Comfort

That condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. (ASHRAE Standard 55) People will get Thermal Comfort when heat produced by metabolism equals the heat lost from body.

Comfort criteria developed by Fanger f (M, Icl, V, tr, ta, Ps) = 0 where, M = metabolic rate (met) Icl = cloth index (clo) V = air velocity (m/s) tr = mean radiant temp. (oC) ta = air temp. (oC) Ps = water vapour pressure (kPa)

Heat Produced

Heat Lost

Source: Fanger, P.O., Thermal Comfort: Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. 1970, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company
Center for Housing Innovations The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Prediction of Thermal Comfort

Fangers equation is too complex for architects, but it may be transformed to comfort diagrams

Source: ASHRAE, Standard 55:Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. 2004, Atlanta, USA: GA.

It can also be used to yield other indices, such as: - predicted mean vote (PMV) - predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD)
Center for Housing Innovations The Chinese University of Hong Kong

PMV A complex function of six major comfort parameters (M, Icl, V, tr, ta, Ps) Predict mean value of the subjective ratings of a group of people in a given environment
PMV= (0.352e 0.042(M/Adu) +0.032)Load
M/Adu: internal heat production; Load: heat load= Heat got-heat lost

The PMV index is used to quantify the degree of comfort for thermal environment evaluation
- +3 Hot - +2 Warm - +1 Slightly warm - +0 Neutral - - 1 Slightly cool - -2 Cool - -3 Cold

Center for Housing Innovations The Chinese University of Hong Kong

PPD
Determined from PMV as a quantitative measure of thermal comfort Dissatisfied means not voting -1, +1 or 0 in PMV Predicts the percentage ratio of dissatisfied people
PPD=100 - 95 * EXP(-0.03353 PMV 4 - 0.2179 PMV 2)
when PMV=0, 5% occupants will feel uncomfortable; when PMV=1,-1, 26% occupants will feel uncomfortable.

Center for Housing Innovations The Chinese University of Hong Kong