Extensively explain protocols, devices and methods used in digital communication systems with elucidated examples and consistently

using subject terminology correctly

What are Communication Protocols?

Communication protocols define the rules for sending data between devices. Protocols may include signalling, authentication and error delete and correction capabilities. Theyre a set of procedures to be followed when devices and networks follow when communicating. Communication protocols are in everything, from the emails we send across the internet using SMPT (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) to opening up any web page using HTTP (The Hypertext Transfer Protocol) the reason rules and parameters are put in place is to control the flow of data to make sure its reaching the correct destination and still intact.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocol Sending and receiving information across the internet

Every computer, every device that connects to the internet has its own IP address (Internet Protocol Address) these allow computers to locate each other around the internet when sending data. When a user sends data across the internet its broken down into packets which are individually sent to the recipients IP address where its rebuilt piece by piece and the recipient can access the file, may that be an image, documents, application or anything else that a user may wish to send across the internet. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc&feature=related

How VoIP Works

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol is used to convert analog audio signals into digital data so it can be transferred over the internet. VoIP makes it possible to call anyone in any location around the room as theyre connected to the internet. It bypasses the phone companies and the ridiculous prices they charge completely. VoIP has three methods of placing a call and each of them has their own benefits: ATA

ATA is the simplest and most common way because it uses an ATA (Analog Telephone Adaptor). The ATA gives you the ability to connect your phone into your computer and use VoIP software to make long distance calls, although you will have to pay through this method unless your provider gives it to you in your contract. IP Phones IP phones have everything that a normal phone has but the connectors on them are different, instead of having the standard RJ-11 phone connector it has the RJ-45 Ethernet connector. Instead of going through an adapter like ATA the IP phone is connected directly to your router they contain all the hardware and software necessary to handle the IP call. Phones with Wi-Fi capabilities can subscribe to VoIP and make calls when in a Wi-Fi hot spot. Computer to Computer Computer to computer is the easiest and cheapest method of using VoIP. Plenty of companies are providing free or low costing software thatll give you the ability to use VoIP. It does require you have equipment. From computer to computer there is generally no cost at all. A good example for VoIP software would be Skype, it allows the user to call other computers may that be audio calls of video calls free of charge. Skype does offer a monthly plan so you can call landlines and mobiles directly from your computer, although its required to have an internet connection at all times to make this possible. There is also an application for mobile devices that allow you to use Skype anywhere in the world as long as you have a stable internet connection. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ip-telephony.htm

GSM & 3G
3G technology is the third generation in mobile telecommunications its placed in a lot of smart phones today and a other mobile devices can have it installed on the product. 3G is better than the previous versions, it allows high speed download and upload so youre capable of doing video calls from your mobile phone. The speed you get will vary depending on your location and if youre traveling in a car at high speed or just walking on the pavement. The down side to 3G is the expense but its great for people who need connectivity while on the move, may that be if theyre on the train or in a moving car they will normally always be in a 3G zone, http://voip.about.com/od/mobilevoip/p/3G.htm

How are E-mails sent?

There is two scenarios that emails can be sent either on a web based email client such as www.hotmail.com or a desktop email client like Outlook Express. The second scenario using a desktop client starts on the computer. The user would write out their messages and add any attachments before its uploaded onto the email internet server using SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), from here its transferred to other email internet servers until it finally reaches the recipients email service provider , where it will remain until the recipient accesses their email service provider and it will be downloaded to their computer using either POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) or the alternative IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol) and the recipient will be able open the email and respond if
wanted. The other method the user connects to the email service provider via HTTP (The Hypertext Transfer Protocol) using a web browser where the user would then compose the email address and once he sends it, its transferred across the internet using SMTP where the recipient would be able to use HTTP to connect the email service provider in order to view the email and it isnt directly downloaded to the computer unlike the desktop client machine.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6NMFHuef6Y

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a technology that has revolutionized the way we browse the internet, it means we can have internet virtually anywhere within a Wi-Fi hotspot without the need to have a direct connection via an Ethernet cable. Instead of using the common Ethernet cable it uses radio signals to communicate with a router, they do have a range distance which varies depending on the device but the greater the distance the slower the connection will be. To set up a wireless network its very cheap and convenient for anyone whom would like to get rid of those annoying wires around the home, when in a major city you will normally always be in a hotspot or close to one. A lot of cafes, coffee shops and other retail stores offer free Wi-Fi to their customers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cqdPvAFxiE

ensively explain protocols, devices and methods used in digital communication systems with elucidated examples and consistently using subject terminology correctly

IN ENGLISH EXPLAIN THOUGHLY HOW THE INTERNET WORKS AND SOME OTHER STUFF. GIVE EXAMPLES AND DISCUSS THE STUFF IT WORKS ON.

WHAT ARE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS? http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/~gorry/course/intro-pages/protocols.html DESCRIBE HOW THE COMPUTERS SEND AND RECEIVE INFORMATION ACROSS THE INTERNET DESCRIBE HOW VoIP WORKS? http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ip-telephony.htm WHAT ARE GSM AND 3G PROTOCOLS? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gsm HOW IS AN EMAIL SENT? YOU MUST ALSO CHOOSE ONE OTHER DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND DESCRIBE HOW IT WORKS.