AP European History Course Themes 20th Century

1. Intellectual and Cultural History Changes in religious thought and institutions religious thoughts go beyond realm of philosophy because no scientific proof can prove it atheism spread Secularization of learning and culture communist countries pushed atheism on subjects Scientific and technological developments and their consequences Automobile- assembly line and mass production first radio receiver - could help with war airplane by Wright brothers- could help with war first sonar like device- could help with war gas mask- could help with war Major trends in literature and the arts Abstract expressionism human irrationality theme of unconscious modernism Intellectual and cultural developments and their relationship to social values and political events new borders threw all different cultures together and caused conflicts "ethnic cleansing" Irish-English conflicts Developments in social, economic, and political thought, including ideologies characterized as isms, such as socialism, liberalism, nationalism Mass society Logical empiricism Existentialism Socialism Communism Protectionism Fascism Stalinism Nazism Developments in literacy, education, and communication early 20th- 6-8 years of education later was equal education for all ethnicities The diffusion of new intellectual concepts among different social groups Communism spreading was a threat Changes in elite and popular culture, such as the development of new attitudes toward religion, the family, work, and ritual women took men's' roles as WWI drug many men out to the battlegrounds no longer just a housewife Impact of global expansion on European culture new global organizations like WTO, EU,EC,EEC, AND THE World bank all kinds of alliances were made

2. Political and Diplomatic History The rise and functioning of the modern state in its various forms Weimar Republic- Germany Irish Free State four autocratic governments fell after WWI Relations between Europe and other parts of the world: colonialism, imperialism, decolonization, and global interdependence Irish-English conflicts alliances made and broken during and after WWI The evolution of political elites and the development of political parties, ideologies, and other forms of mass politics Communism Socialism The extension and limitation of rights and liberties (personal, civic, economic, and political); majority and minority political persecutions civil rights movement women rights movements let go of African territories The growth and changing forms of nationalism Caused problems with religions and ethnicities coinciding within borders Forms of political protest, reform, and revolution Russian Revolution Velvet revolution- communists resigned Relationship between domestic and foreign policies Wilson's 14 Points League of nations United Nations Efforts to restrain conflict: treaties, balanceofpower diplomacy, and international organizations League of Nations United Nations Peace of Paris Brest-Litovsk Treaty Fourteen Points Dawes Plan War and civil conflict: origins, developments, technology, and their consequences World War I -Germany paying war guilt, losing territories, and new limited military World War II - atomic bomb Russian Revolution -Union of Soviet Socialists Republic, Brest-Litovsk Treaty 3. Social and Economic History The character of and changes in agricultural production and organization WWI destroyed land policies to improve efficiency The role of urbanization in transforming cultural values and social relationships imperialism repressed many local and tribal cultures

took advantage and exploited resources and treated locals unfairly The shift in social structures from hierarchical orders to modern social classes: the changing distribution of wealth and poverty student activism women Great Depression- everyone was affected, rich hit harder at first The influence of sanitation and health care practices on society; food supply, diet, famine, disease, and their impact greater and steadier food supply led to population boost diseases killed many(WWI) The development of commercial practices, patterns of mass production and consumption, and their economic and social impact mass production drove down prices for cars, radios, and phonographs Changing definitions of and attitudes toward social groups, classes, races, and ethnicities within and outside Europe Jews in WWI women's role was less confined and had more of an impact individual ethnicities got their own borders The origins, development, and consequences of industrialization led to WWI imperialism Changes in the demographic structure and reproductive patterns of Europeans: causes and consequences population grew due to larger food supply Gender roles and their influence on work, social structure, family structure, and interest group formation Women began to gain more rights (vote) and took on other roles outside the household The growth of competition and interdependence in national and world markets World Trade Organization World bank European Union European Economic Community European Community Private and state roles in economic activity communism restricted private roles