Anatomi jari

Thumb Home Page

Thumb Bones Thumb joints Thumb muscles Radial Digital Artery of Thumb Ulnar Digital Artery of Thumb Radial Digital Nerve of Thumb Ulnar Digital Nerve of Thumb Thumb extensor mechanism Thumb Ray skin Skin: Dorsal First Web Space Skin: Radial half of the thumb Skin: Ulnar half of the thumb Skin: Thenar area

Thumb Reconstruction

Bones: Thumb

Thumb Metacarpal Thumb Radial MCP Sesamoid

Thumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid Thumb Proximal Phalanx Thumb Distal Phalanx

Bones: Thumb

Thumb Metacarpal

Thumb Metacarpal

Articulations:
Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint

Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Basal Joint Home Page

Bones:

Trapezium Thumb Metacarpal

Ligaments: Range of motion Palmar Adduction/Abduction Contact/45, Radial Adduction/Abduction Contact/60 Injuries: Arthritis Movement

palmar abduction radial abduction palmar adduction radial adduction opposition retropulsion

Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Bones:

Thumb Thumb Thumb Thumb

Metacarpal Proximal Phalanx Radial MCP Sesamoid Ulnar MCP Sesamoid

Ligaments:

Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Flexion

Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Extension Extensor Pollicis Brevis Range of motion

Muscle Attachments:
Abductor Pollicis Longus

Tendons: Origin: Posterior surface of the Ulna, the radioulnar interosseous membrane and the middle third of posterior surface of theRadius Insertion: Radial dorsal base of the Thumb Metacarpal, Variably the dorsal Trapezium and the radial surface of the Abductor pollicis longus muscle Function: Abducts the thumb basal joint, along with other muscles which radially abduct the thumb. Also radially deviatesthewrist along with other mucles which produce wrist radial abduction Nerve: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

Artery: Posterior Interosseous artery

Opponens Pollicis

Tendons: Origin: transverse carpal ligament and the Trapezium Insertion: Volar radial aspect of the Thumb Metacarpal Function: flexes and pronates the basal joint along with other muscles which produce thumb opposition Nerve: Motor Branch of the Median Nerve Artery: Superficial Volar Branch of Radial artery
First Dorsal Interosseous

Tendons: Origin: the adjacent surfaces of the thumb and index metacarpals Insertion: the radial base of the index proximal phalanx and the index radial digital extensor mechanism Function: flexes, radially deviates (abducts) and pronates the index MCP joint and radially adducts the thumb basal joint along with other muscles which radially adduct the basal joint. Also (weakly) extends the index PIP and DIP joints Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve Artery: deep palmar arch

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply:

Fractures: Variations:
Thumb Radial MCP Sesamoid

Thumb Radial MCP Sesamoid

Articulations: Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Muscle Attachments: Flexor Pollicis Brevis Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:
Thumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid

Thumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid

Articulations: Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Muscle Attachments: Adductor Pollicis Tendons: Origin: OBLIQUE HEAD: palmar surfaces of the Trapezoid, the Trapezium and Capitate as well as the bases of the Index and Middlemetacarpals TRANSVERSE HEAD: palmar surface of the shaft of the Middle metacarpal Insertion: The palmar ulnar base of the Thumb Proximal Phalanx, the Thumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid, and the Thumb extensor mechanism Function: radially adducts the thumb basal joint along with other muscles which radially adduct the basal joint, and extends the thumb interphalangeal Joint Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve Artery: Deep Palmar Arch

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Thumb Proximal Phalanx

Thumb Proximal Phalanx

Articulations:
Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Thumb Interphalangeal Joint

Thumb Interphalangeal Joint

Bones:

Thumb Proximal Phalanx Thumb Distal Phalanx

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Flexion Flexor Pollicis Longus Extension

Extensor Pollicis Longus Abductor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis

Range of motion Muscle Attachments:

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Tendons: Origin: Posterior surface of the Radius and the radioulnar interosseous membrane Insertion: Dorsal base of the thumb proximal plalanx Function: Extends the thumb MCP joint and weakly abducts the thumb basal joint, along with other muscles which produceradial and palmar abduction Nerve: Posterior interosseous Artery: Posterior interosseous
Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Tendons: Origin: Transverse carpal ligament, the Scaphoid and Trapezium Insertion: Radial base of Thumb Proximal Phalanx and the thumb extensor mechanism Function: Abducts the Thumb basal (carpometacarpal) Joint along with other muscles which palmar abduct and radial abductthe basal joint, and extends the thumb interphalangeal Joint Nerve: Motor Branch of Median Nerve Artery: Superficial Volar Branch of Radial artery
Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Tendons: Origin: transverse carpal ligament and the Trapezium Insertion: radial proximal base of the Thumb Proximal Phalanx and

the thumb Radial MCP Sesamoid Function: Flexes the thumb MCP joint and flexes/pronates the basal joint along with other muscles which produce thumb opposition Nerve: DEEP head: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve SUPERFICIAL Head: Motor Branch of Median Nerve Artery: Superficial Volar Branch of Radial artery
Adductor Pollicis

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Thumb Distal Phalanx

Thumb Distal Phalanx

Articulations: Thumb Interphalangeal Joint Muscle Attachments:

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Tendons:

Origin: Volar surface of the Radius, the adjacent interosseous membrane and the medial border of the coronoid process of theUlna Insertion: Palmar base of the thumb Thumb Distal Phalanx Function: Flexes the thumb Interphalangeal Joint (primary) and Metacarpophalangeal Joint (weak) Nerve: Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve Artery: Anterior Interosseous artery
Extensor Pollicis Longus

Tendons: Origin: Middle third of posterior surface of the Ulna and the radioulnar interosseous membrane Insertion: Dorsal base of the thumb Distal Phalanx through the Thumb extensor mechanism Function: Extends the thumb Interphalangeal Joint Nerve: Posterior Interosseous Artery: Posterior Interosseous

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Thumb joints

Thumb basal Carpometacarpal Joint Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Thumb Interphalangeal Joint Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) Joint

Scaphotrapezotrapezoidal Joint (STT)

Components:

Scaphotrapezial Joint Scaphotrapezoidal Joint

Bones:

Scaphoid Trapezium Trapezoid

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Range of motion

Injuries: Arthritis Normal joint range of motion

Muscles of the thumb

Intrinsic (thenar) Abductor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis First Dorsal Interosseous Flexor Pollicis Brevis Opponens Pollicis Extrinsic Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Flexor Pollicis Longus

Radial Digital Nerve of Thumb

Nerve Origin: C6 root, arising as a branch of the Median Nerve Muscles Innervated: None Branches: Sensory Innervation: Radial half of the thumb Median Nerve

Ulnar Digital Nerve of Thumb

Nerve Origin: C6 root, arising as a branch of the Median Nerve Muscles Innervated: None Branches: Sensory Innervation: Ulnar half of the thumb

Bones: Index

Index Metacarpal Index Proximal Phalanx Index Middle Phalanx Index Distal Phalanx

Index Metacarpal

Articulations:
Index Carpometacarpal Joint

Index Carpometacarpal Joint

Bones:

Index Metacarpal Trapezoid

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement

Index Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Index Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Bones:

Index Proximal Phalanx Index Metacarpal

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Flexion Primary - the first dorsal interosseous, the first palmar interosseous and the index lumbrical Secondary (after flexion has been initiated) - the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Index and Flexor Digitorum Profundus Index Extension - Extensor Digitorum Index Radial deviation / Pronation - First Dorsal Interosseous Ulnar deviation / Supination - first palmar interosseous (Tendons: Origin: ulnar shaft of the index metacarpal Insertion: ulnar base of the index proximal phalanx and index ulnar digital extensor mechanism Function: flexes, ulnarly deviates (adducts) and supinates the

index MCP joint and extends the index PIP and DIP joints Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve Artery: Deep Palmar Arch )

Muscle Attachments:
Flexor Carpi Radialis

Tendons: Origin: common forearm flexor origin from the medial epicondyle of the Humerus and the deep forearm fascia Insertion: Volar base of the Index Metacarpal and the Middle Metacarpal Function: flexion and radial deviation of the wrist, along with other muscles which flex the wrist and radially deviate the wrist,weak pronation of the forearm along with other muscles which pronate the forearm and weak flexion of the elbow along with other muscles which flex the elbow Nerve: Median Nerve Artery: Muscular Branches of Radial Artery
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Tendons: Origin: Lower 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the Distal humerus and the lateral intermuscular septum Insertion: Dorsal base of the Index Metacarpal

Function: Extends, radially deviates the Wrist Nerve: Radial Artery: Muscular Branches of Radial Artery and the Radial Recurrent artery
Adductor Pollicis First Dorsal Interosseous First Palmar Interosseous Second Dorsal Interosseous

Tendons: Origin: Adjacent surfaces of the index and middle metacarpals Insertion: the radial base of the middle finger proximal phalanx and the middle finger radial digital extensor mechanism Function: flexes, radially deviates (abducts), and pronates the middle finger MCP joint, and extends the middle PIP and DIPjoints Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve Artery: Deep Palmar Arch

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures:

Index Proximal Phalanx

Articulations:
Index Metacarpophalangeal Joint Index Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Index Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Bones:

Index Middle Phalanx

Index Middle Phalanx

Articulations:
Index Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Index Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Muscle Attachments:
Finger extensor mechanism

Digital extensor mechanism

The common extensor tendon is maintained in a central position at the metacarpophalangeal joint level by radial and ulnar attachments to the Sagittal bands. The tendon trifurcates over the dorsum of the proximal phalanx. The central portion of the tendon, or Central slip, crosses the proximal interphalangeal joint and attaches to the dorsal base of the middle phalanx. The radial and ulnar slips pass palmar to join the intrinsic tendons from the interosseous and lumbrical muscles to form the Lateral bands. The lateral bands cross the lateral aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joint and are joined over the dorsum of themiddle

phalanx by the Triangular ligament to form the Terminal tendon. This crosses the dorsal surface of the distal interphalangeal joint to attach to the dorsal base of the distal phalanx.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Index

Tendons: Origin: HUMERAL head from the common flexor tendon origin at the medial epicondyle ULNAR head from the coronoid process of the Ulna RADIAL head from the oblique line of the Radius and from the superficialis arch Insertion: radial and ulnar palmar margins of the index finger Middle Phalanx Function: flexion of the index PIP joint, index MCP joint (only after flexion has been initiated) and the Wrist, weakly, along with other muscles which flex the wrist Nerve: Median Nerve Artery: Muscular Branches of Radial Artery and Muscular Branches of Ulnar Artery
Extensor Digitorum Index

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Index Proximal Phalanx

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Flexion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Index Flexor Digitorum Profundus Index

Extension

Extensor Digitorum Index First Dorsal Interosseous First Palmar Interosseous Index Lumbrical

Muscle Attachments:
Extensor Digitorum Index

Extensor Digitorum Shared Features Tendons: Insertion: dorsal base of the Index Middle Phalanx and the Digital extensor mechanism Function: Extends the index MCP and PIP joints
First Dorsal Interosseous

First Palmar Interosseous

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Index Distal Phalanx

Articulations: Index Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Index Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Bones:

Index Distal Phalanx Index Middle Phalanx

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Flexion: Flexor Digitorum Profundus Index

Tendons: Origin (all profundi): Medial and anterior surface of the Ulna, the deep forearm fascia and the radioulnar interosseous membrane Insertion: Palmar base of the index distal phalanx Function: Flexes the index DIP joint, as well as the PIP joint, the MCP joint (only after flexion has been initiated) and the wristalong with other muscles which flex the wrist Nerve: Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve Artery: the Anterior Interosseous artery and Muscular Branches of Ulnar Artery

Extension (through the digital extensor mechanism)

First Dorsal Interosseous First Palmar Interosseous Index Lumbrical Extensor Digitorum Index Extensor Indicis

Muscle Attachments: Flexor Digitorum Profundus Index Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Radial Digital Nerve of Index Finger

Nerve Origin: C6, C7 roots, arising as a branch of the Median Nerve Muscles Innervated: None Branches: Sensory Innervation: Radial half of the index finger Median Nerve

Bones: Middle

Middle Metacarpal Middle Proximal Phalanx Middle Middle Phalanx Middle Distal Phalanx

Middle Metacarpal

Articulations:
Middle Carpometacarpal Joint

Middle Carpometacarpal Joint

Bones:

Middle Metacarpal Capitate

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement

Middle Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Middle Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Bones:

Middle Proximal Phalanx Middle Metacarpal

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Flexion Primary - the Second Dorsal Interosseous Third Dorsal

Interosseous Middle Lumbrical Tendons: middle lumbrical Origin: the radial border of the middle flexor digitorum profundus middle tendon Insertion: the middle finger radial Digital extensor mechanism, along with the Second Dorsal Interosseous tendon Function: flexes the middle finger MCP joint and extends the PIP and DIP joints Nerve: Motor Branch of Median Nerve Artery: Deep Palmar Arch Superficial Palmar Arch

Secondary (after flexion has been initiated) - the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Middle and the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Middle Extension Extensor Digitorum Middle Radial deviation / Pronation - Second Dorsal Interosseous Ulnar deviation / Supination - Third Dorsal Interosseous

Muscle Attachments:
Flexor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Tendons: Origin: Common extensor tendon of the lateral epicondyle the radial collateral ligament of the elbow and the deep forearm fascia

Insertion: Dorsal base of the Middle Metacarpal Function: Extends and radially deviates the Wrist. Weak elbow flexor. Nerve: Posterior Interosseous Nerve Artery:
Muscular Branches of Radial Artery Radial Recurrent artery Adductor Pollicis Second Dorsal Interosseous Third Dorsal Interosseous

Tendons: Origin: the adjacent surfaces of the middle and ring metacarpals Insertion: the ulnar base of the middle finger proximal phalanx and the middle finger ulnar digital extensor mechanism Function: flexes, ulnar deviates (abducts) and supinates the middle finger MCP joint and extends the middle finger PIP and DIPjoints Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve Artery: deep palmar arch

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Middle Proximal Phalanx

Articulations:
Middle Metacarpophalangeal Joint Middle Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Middle Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Bones:

Middle Proximal Phalanx Middle Middle Phalanx

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Flexion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Middle Flexor Digitorum Profundus Middle

Extension

Second Dorsal Interosseous Third Dorsal Interosseous Extensor Digitorum Middle Middle Lumbrical

Muscle Attachments:

Extensor Digitorum Middle

Extensor Digitorum Shared Features Tendons: Insertion: dorsal base of the middle finger Middle Phalanx and the Digital extensor mechanism Function: Extends the middle finger MCP and PIP joints
Second Dorsal Interosseous Third Dorsal Interosseous

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Middle Middle Phalanx

Articulations:
Middle Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Middle Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Middle Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Bones:

Middle Distal Phalanx Middle Middle Phalanx

Ligaments: Range of motion Injuries: Arthritis Movement Flexion Flexor Digitorum Profundus Middle Extension - (through the middle digital extensor mechanism)

Second Dorsal Interosseous Third Dorsal Interosseous Extensor Digitorum Middle Middle Lumbrical

Muscle Attachments:
Finger extensor mechanism Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Middle

Tendons: Origin: HUMERAL head from the common flexor tendon origin at the medial epicondyle ULNAR head from the coronoid process of the Ulna RADIAL head from the oblique line of the Radius and from

the superficialis arch Insertion: radial and ulnar palmar margins of the middle finger Middle Phalanx Function: flexion of middle finger PIP joint, middle MCP joint (only after flexion has been initiated) and the Wrist, weakly, along with other muscles which flex the wrist Nerve: Median Nerve Artery: Muscular Branches of the Radial Artery and Muscular Branches of the Ulnar Artery
Extensor Digitorum Middle

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations:

Middle Distal Phalanx

Articulations: Middle Distal Interphalangeal Joint Muscle Attachments: Flexor Digitorum Profundus Middle

Tendons: Origin (all profundi): Medial and anterior surface of the Ulna, the deep forearm fascia and the radioulnar interosseous membrane Insertion: Palmar base of the middle finger Middle Distal Phalanx Function: Flexes the middle finger DIP joint, the PIP joint, the MCP joint (only after flexion has been initiated) and the Wristalong with other muscles which flex the wrist Nerve: Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve Artery: the Anterior Interosseous artery and Muscular Branches of the Ulnar Artery

Ligament Attachments: Epiphyses: Blood Supply: Fractures: Variations: