U.S.Department of the Interior U.S.

Geological Survey

MAPS SHOWING GEOLOGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS, AND GEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF THE SOUTH AMERICA REGION.
Compiled by Christopher J. Schenk, Roland J. Viger, and Christopher P. Anderson

OPEN-FILE REPORT 97-470D

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive puposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), and are used herein with permission. End users are permitted to use these data for their own internal use, including any derivative work, but are prohibited from using and distributing these data individually or in a derivative work to third parties.

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470D

MAPS SHOWING GEOLOGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS, AND GEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF THE SOUTH AMERICA REGION

Table of Contents

Preface Introduction Primary References

Geologic Provinces of South America Region

MAP SHOWING GEOLOLGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS, GEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF SOUTH AMERICA MAP SHOWING OIL AND GAS FIELDS AND GEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF SOUTH AMERICA

PREFACE This is one of a series of products resulting from the World Energy Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. Inquiries about this CD-ROM or the Project's effort in the South America Region should be addressed to: Christopher J. Schenk (Coordinator, South America region) U.S. Geological Survey MS 939 Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Tel: 303-236-5796 Email: schenk@usgs.gov

Inquiries about the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project should be addressed to: Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, World Energy Project) U.S. Geological Survey Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Tel: 303-236-5776 Email: ahlbrandt@usgs.gov

INTRODUCTION This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of South America. The map is part of a worldwide series on CD-ROM by World Energy Project released of the U.S. Geological Survey . The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world and report these results by the year 2000. For data management purposes the world is divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. South America (Region 6) includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Guyuna, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Each region is then further divided into geologic provinces on the basis of natural geologic entities and may include a dominant structural element or a number of contiguous elements. Some provinces contain multiple genetically related basins. Geologic province boundaries for the South America are delineated using data from a number of geologic maps, and other tectonic and geographic data (see References). Offshore province boundaries are defined by the 4000 meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned a unique number; the first digit is the region number. It is attempted to number the provinces in geographical groups; onshore, offshore, and combined on and offshore. The list of the provinces sorted by Code is shown in Adobe Acrobat samgeo.pdf file (see section V below). Oil and gas field data from Petroconsultants International Data Corporation worldwide oil and gas field database are allocated to these provinces. The geologic provinces are being further subdivided into petroleum systems and assessment units in order to appraise the undiscovered petroleum potential of selected provinces of the world.

Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the metadata file on this CD-ROM. Smaller stratigraphic subdivisions of Phanerozoic rock are combined to simplify the map and to maintain consistency with other maps of the series. Precambrian rocks are undivided. Oil and gas field markers represent field centerpoints published with permission from Petroconsultants International Data Corp.,1996 database. This map is compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map were taken, with permission, from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3M digital coverages, have no political significance, and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), and are used herein with permission. Copyright 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

REFERENCES
Audemard, F., and Lugo, J., 1997, Petroleum geology of Venezuela: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Short Course Notes, Dallas, Texas, April 5-6, 1997, chapter paginated. Bigarella, J.J., 1973, Geology of the Amazonas and Parnaiba Basin, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The ocean basins and margins; the south Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, v. 1, p. 25-86. Cainelli, C., and Mohriak, W.U., 1998, Geology of Atlantic eastern Brazilian basins ; Brazilian Geology, Part 2: 1998 AAPG International Conference and Exhibition Short Course, November 12-13, 1998, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, unpaginated. Committee on the World Geologic Map, 1964, Geologic map of South America: Rio de Janiero, Brazil, 2 sheets, 1:5000000 scale. Jordan, T.E., and Allmendinger, R.W., 1986, The Sierras Pampaneas of Argentina: a modern analogue of Rocky Mountain foreland deformation: American Journal of Science, v. 286, p. 737-764. Kingston, J., 1994, Undiscovered petroleum resources of South America: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-559, 443 p. McGettigan, C.K., and Hunt, D.G., 1996, Columbia continues to yield major oil, gas discoveries: Oil and Gas Journal, July 15, 1996, p. 40-45. Mordojovich, C., 1981, Sedimentary basins of the Chilean Pacific offshore, in Energy Resources of the Pacific Region: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology, v. 12, p. 732-749. Ojeda, H.A.O., 1982, Structural framework, stratigraphy, and evolution of Brazilian marginal basins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p. 732-749. Tankard, A.J., R. Suarez, S., and Welsink, H.J., eds., Petroleum basins of South America: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 62, p. 63-77. Travis, R.B., Gonzales, G., and Pardo, A., 1975, Hydrocarbon potential of coastal basins of Peru: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 25, p. 331-338. Urien, C.M., and Zambrano, J.J., 1973, The geology of the basins of the Argentine continental margin and Malvinas Plateau, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The ocean basins and margins; the south Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, v. 1, p. 135-169.

Urien, C.M., Zambrano, J.J., and Yrigoyen, M.R., 1995, Petroleum basins of southern South America: a review, in Tankard, A.J., R. Suarez, S., and Welsink, H.J., eds., Petroleum basins of South America: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 62, p. 63-77. Yrigoyen, M.R., 1991, Energy resources map of the Circum-Pacific region ; southeast quadrant: U.S. Geological Survey Circum-Pacific Map Series, Map CP-39, 2 sheets, 1:10000000 scale.

6001 6002 6003 6004 6005 6006 6007 6008 6009 6010 6011 6012 6013 6014 6015 6016 6017 6018 6019 6020 6021 6022 6023 6024 6025 6026 6027 6028 6029 6030 6031 6032 6033 6034 6035 6036 6037 6038 6039 6040 6041 6042 6043 6044 6045 6046

oceanic basins around South America Guyana Shield Brazilian Shield Brazilian Shield Brazilian Shield Andean Province Familina Province Canadon Asfalto Province Deseado-Falklands Province Tacutu Basin Solimoes Basin Amazonas Basin Sucunduri Province Parecis Province Xingu Province Parnaiba Basin Sao Francisco Basin Diamantina Province Araripe Province Parana Basin Guyana-Suriname Basin Foz de Amazonas Basin Santana Platform San Luis Basin Barreieinas Basin Caera Basin Potigar Basin Pernambuco Basin Sergipe-Alagoas Basin Jatoba Basin Tucano Basin Reconcavo Basin Bahia Sul Basin Espirito Santo Basin Campos Basin Santos Basin Pelotas Basin Santiago Basin Huallaga Basin Ucayali Basin Putamayo-Orient-Maranon Basin Acre Basin Madre dos Dios Basin Beni Basin Santa Cruz-Tarija Basin Oran-Olmedo Basin

6047 6048 6049 6050 6051 6052 6053 6054 6055 6056 6057 6058 6059 6060 6061 6062 6063 6064 6065 6066 6067 6068 6069 6070 6071 6072 6073 6074 6075 6076 6077 6078 6079 6080 6081 6082 6083 6084 6085 6086 6087 6088 6089 6090 6091 6092

Chaco Basin Bolsones Basin Bermejo Basin Mascasin Basin Cuyo Basin Mercedes Basin Laboulaye-Macachin Basin Salado Basin Neuquen Basin Nirihuau Basin Colorado Basin San Jorge Basin Magellanes Basin North Malvinas Basin East Patagonia Basin Malvinas Plateau Malvinas Basin Burdwood Bank- North Scotia Ridge Altiplano Basin Moquegua-Tamaruga Basin Salar de Atacama Basin Curico Basin Temuco Basin Osorno-Llanquihue Basin Diego Ramirez Basin Madre de Dios Basin Penas Basin Central Chile Forearc Basin Mollendo-Tarapaca Basin Pisco Basin Lima Basin Salaverry Basin Trujillo Basin Sachura Basin Talara Basin Lancones Basin Progreso Basin Manabi Basin Borbon Basin Cuaca Basin Choco-Pacific Basin Pacific Offshore Basin Upper Magdelena Basin Middle Magdelena Basin Lower Magdelena Basin Eastern Cordillera Basin

6093 6094 6095 6096 6097 6098 6099 6100 6101 6102 6103 6104 6105 6106 6107

Perija-Venezuelan Coastal Ranges Cesar Basin Guajira Basin Llanos Basin Barinas-Apure Basin East Venezuela Basin Maracaibo Basin Falcon Basin Bonaire Basin Cariaco Basin Tobago Trough South Caribbean Deformed Belt Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta West-Central Cordillera Lesser Antilles Deformed Belt

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
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The digital geologic map and geologic province map of the continent of South America were produced for the World Energy Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. The purpose of this project is to provide a quantitative assessment of undiscovered recoverable resources of oil and gas in priority geologic provinces throughout the world. For this project the world was subdivided into eight regions that generally correspond to the U.S. Department of State economic regions, and the international market regions defined by the U.S. Department of Energy. South America and Central America are included in Region 6 of the World Energy Project (Klett and others, 1997). The purpose of this geologic map was to provide a simple base map upon which we defined the boundaries of geologic provinces of South America rather than to provide a detailed geologic map of the continent. The geology shown on this map is significantly generalized from the source map at the scale of 1:5,000,000 (Committee on the World Geologic Map, 1964), although all the original geologic boundaries from the source map are included here. Using the geologic units and many other sources of data, the entire continent was subdivided into geologic provinces (Bigarella, 1973; Urien and Zambrano,1973; Travis and others, 1975; Mordojovich, 1981; Ojeda, 1982; Jordan and Allmendinger, 1986; Yrigoven, 1991; Kingston, 1994; McGettigan and Hunt,1996; Audemard and Lugo, 1997). The offshore boundary of the provinces differs depending upon the location. The offshore boundary of provinces along the northern and western, tectonically active margins was placed at an isobath of 2000m, whereas the offshore boundary of provinces along the eastern, passive margin was placed at approximately the 3800m isobath. A total of 106 geologic provinces were defined in South America. Names most of the provinces reflect common usage in the literature. The provinces are being further subdivided into petroleum systems and assessment units that form the basis for the resource assessment. Oil and gas data were digitally allocated to the geologic provinces, and these provinces were then ranked according to known oil and gas resources to provide a prioritization for the resource assessment. The oil and gas data were obtained from Petroconsultants (1996), and the oil and gas field centerpoints are used on this map with permission of Petroconsultants International Data Corporation. Political boundaries shown on this map were taken, with permission, from the ESRI ArcWorld 1:3 million scale digital world coverage and are displayed for general reference only.

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This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the International Stratigraphic Code.
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Jurassic Cretaceous

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Jurassic

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Asmus, H.E., and Ponte, C.F., 1973, The Brazilian marginal basins, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 87 133. Audemard, F., and Lugo, J., 1997, Petroleum geology of Venezuela: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Short Course Notes, Dallas, Texas, unpaginated. Bigarella, J.J., 1973, Geology of the Amazonas and Parnaiba basins, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 25 86. Committee on the World Geologic Map, 1964, Geologic Map of South America: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2 sheets, 1:5,000,000 scale. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992, ArcWorld 1:3 million digital database, ESRI, Redlands, California. Jordan, T.E., and Allmendinger, R.W., 1986, The Sierras Pampaneas of Argentina; a modern analoque of Rocky Mountain foreland deformation: American Journal of Science, v. 286, p. 737 764. Kingston, J., 1994, Undiscovered petroleum of southern South America: U.S. Geological Survey Open Report 94 File 559, 443 p. Klett, T.R., Ahlbrandt, T.S. Schmoker, J.W., and Dolton, G.L., 1997, Ranking of the worlds oil and gas provinces by known petroleum volumes: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97 463, one CD ROM. McGettigan, C.K., and Hunt, D.G., 1996, Columbia continues to yield major oil, gas discoveries: Oil and Gas Journal, July 15, 1996, p. 40 45. Mordojovich, C., 1981, Sedimentary basins of the Chilean Pacific offshore, in Energy Resources of the Pacific Region: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology, v. 12, p. 63 68. Ojeda, H.A.O., 1982, Structural framework, stratigraphy, and evolution of Brazilian marginal basins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p. 732 749. Petroconsultants, 1996, Petroconsultants Worldwide Oil and Gas Field Database 1996: Petroconsultants International Data Corporation, Geneva, Switzerland. Travis, R.B., Gonzales, G., and Pardo, A., 1975, Hydrocarbon potential of coastal basins of Peru: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir No. 25, p. 331 338. Urien, C.M., and Zambrano, J.J., 1973, The geology of the basins of the Argentine continental margin and Malvinas Plateau, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 135 169. Yrigoven, M.R., 1991, Energy resources map of the Circum Pacific region; southeast quadrant: U.S. Geological Survey Circum Pacific Map Series, Map CP 2 sheets, 1:10,000,000 39, scale.
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MCi

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Triassic Jurassic

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Triassic

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Mesozoic

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Carboniferous Permian

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Devonian

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Cambrian Ordovician

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Precambrian Devonian

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Precambrian Paleozoic

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Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

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Quaternary volcanics

Mv

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Cretaceous Tertiary volcanics

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EXPLANATION
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Mesozoic volcanics

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MCi

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Oil and gas fields

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MCi
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Permian volcanics

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Mv

Qv
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Cv

Mv
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Province boundaries
MCi

T
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Cv Mv PMi Cv Mv Q

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Paleozoic volcanics

APZ
APZ

Mv

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Qv
K

Mv

Mv

T
T
T T

MCi

MCi

Country boundaries Geologic contacts

Cv
MCi MCi

MCi
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Mesozoic Cenozoic intrusives

MCi

MCi CP

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T Mv

ICE APZ
MCi

K H2O

K Cv

MCi
APZ

MCi

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Paleozoic Mesozoic intrusives

CP

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6000

Province number

CP

K H20 H2O

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MCi
CP
APZ

MCi
CP

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Paleozoic intrusives

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MCi

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Cretaceous Mesozoic metamorphics

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Bipolar Oblique Projection Units: Meters False Easting: 0, False Northing: 0

CP APZ MCi

MCi MCi

CP

K
K K
MCi Cv

MCi

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Mesozoic metamorphics

MCi MCi MCi

MCi
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MCi
MCi

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Paleozoic metamorphics

CP
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MCi
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K
K

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MCi

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K
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APZ
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Precambrian undifferentiated

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MCi APZ K APZ APZ MCi MCi

K
MCi
K K MCi K MCi MCi MCi MCi

MCi

MCi

Other Units
H2O Water

ICE

Glacial Ice

Unmapped Area

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OPEN FILE REPORT 97 470D

This digital geologic province map of the continent of South America was produced for the World Energy Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. The purpose of this project is to provide a quantitative assessement of the undiscovered recoverable oil and gas resources in priority provinces of the world. For this project the world was subdivided into eight regions that generally correspond to the economic regions defined by the U.S. Department of State and to the international market regions recognized by the U.S. Department of Energy. South and Central America are included in Region 6 for the World Energy Project (Klett and others, 1997). The purpose of this map is to illustrate the geologic provinces of South America and the distribution of oil and gas fields. Using the geologic units and many other sources of data, the entire continent was subdivided into geologic provinces (Committee on the World Geologic Map, 1964; Bigarella, 1973; Urien and Zambrano,1973; Travis and others, 1975; Mordojovich, 1981; Ojeda, 1982; Jordan and Allmendinger, 1986; Yrigoven, 1991; Kingston, 1994; McGettigan and Hunt, 1996; Audemard and Lugo, 1997). The offshore boundary of the provinces differs depending upon the location. The offshore boundary of provinces along the northern and western tectonically active margins was placed at an isobath of 2000 m, whereas the offshore boundary of provinces along the eastern passive margin was placed at approximately the 3800 m isobath. A total of 106 geologic provinces were defined in South America. Names for most of the provinces reflect common usage in the literature. The provinces are being further subdivided into petroleum systems and assessment units that form the basis for the resource assessment. Oil and gas data were digitally allocated to the geologic provinces, and these provinces were then ranked according to known oil and gas resources to provide a prioritization for the resource assessment (Klett and others, 1997). For this assessment the priority provinces in South America are Campos Basin, Neuquen Basin, San Jorge Basin, Magellenes Basin, Santa Cruz Tarija, Putamayo Orient Maranon, Llanos Basin, Magdelena Basins, Maracaibo Basin, East Venezeula Basin, and the Tobago Trough. The oil and gas data were obtained from Petroconsultants (1996), and the oil and gas field centerpoints are used on this map with permission of Petroconsultants International Data Corporation. Political boundaries shown on this map were taken, with permission, from the ESRI ArcWorld 1:3 million scale digital world coverage and are displayed for general reference only. This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the International Stratigraphic Code.

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EXPLANATION Oil and gas fields Province boundaries Country boundaries 6000 Province number

Bipolar Oblique Projection Units: Meters False Easting: 0, False Northing: 0