BIOLOGY PRACTICAL REPORTS Pigments in Plants

A. INTRODUCTION
Talk about pigment in plants, then we must not forget the chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b andcarotenoids. Pigments had a role in photosynthesis. But we also need to know the presence of pigment in the plant earlier. Photosynthesis is a process that only occurs in plants is chlorophyll and photosynthetic bacteria, where solar energy (in the form of photons) captured and converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH). This chemical energy is used for photosynthesis of carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide. So, all other organic molecules synthesized from plants of the energy and the presence of other living organisms depend on plants orphotosynthetic bacteria the ability to photosynthesize. Chlorophyll is the green pigment of plants and is the most important pigment in the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll in plants there are two kinds of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. small differences between the structure of the two chlorophyll in both cell bound to theprotein.

The structure of chlorophyll vary from carotenoid structures, each contained arrangement of alternating single and double covalent bonds. On chlorophyll, which alternate bonding system around the porphyrin ring, whereas in karotoid there is a pair of hydrocarbon chains that connect the terminal ring structure. Nature is what allows the molecules to absorbvisible light so strong, that acts as a pigment. It is this trait that allows the molecules absorblight energy that can be used to perform photosynthesis. Similarities between the action spectrum of photosynthesis and chlorophyll absorption spectrum shows that the processwas the most important pigment is chlorophyll. However, the spectrum is not the same. The energy absorbed by carotenoids forwarded chlorophyll-a, here the energy used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll-b has the same function.

B. PURPOSE
knowing the natural pigment found in spinach leaves.
observing changes that occur when treated with the addition aquades, alcohol and acetone. Knowing the solubility properties of plant pigments.

Knowing the components of the extract plant pigments.

Knowing the nature of chlorophyll fluorescence.

C. THEORY
Pigments are molecules that can specifically bring up the color. Pigments absorb sunlightby absorbing and reflecting on a particular wavelength. Molecules of different pigments will reflect certain colors at certain wavelengths, causing different chemical reactions. Organ in plants that is responsible for plastids. Plastids are organelles that produce color inplant cells. Plastids can be seen with ordinary light microscope. This organelle is only found in plant cells. Three known types of plastids which are: 1). Leukoplas These plastids white serves as a store of food, consisting of: Amiloplas (for storing starch) Elaioplas or Lipidoplas (to keep the fat / oil). Proteoplas (for storing protein). 2). chloroplast Chloroplast is a green colored plastids. Chloroplasts that developed in the stem and leaf cells contain the green pigment that absorbs solar fotositesis to convert carbon dioxide into sugar, which is the source of chemical energy and food for plants. Chloroplasts reproduce themselves by separating themselves freely from the cleavage of the cell nucleus. Theseplastids function to produce chlorophyll and photosynthesis as the meeting place. 3). Kromoplas namely plastids containing pigments, for example: Fikosianin causing the blue color as the Cyanophyta. Fikoeritrin raises red example in Rhodophyta. Carotene cause such golden color in carrots and Chrysophyta. Xantofil cause, say, yellow on older leaves. Fukosatin pose blond for example in Phaeophyta.