SEISMIC SENSOR

A Project Report Submitted in the Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Submitted By G.Alekhya Md Sony pasha Under the Guidance of Mr.S.Srinivas Assistant Professor Department of ECE 08881A0464 08881A04B3

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH & Accredited by NBA)
2011 - 12

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the task would be put incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with success. We express our heartfelt thanks to Mr.S.Srinivas, Associate Professor & Project Supervisor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, for her valuable guidance, and encouragement during my project. We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to Mr.S.Srinivas, Associate Professor and Project coordinator for his able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped us in completing the project work, in time. We are particularly thankful to Prof. Pandu Rangaiah, Head, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for his guidance, intense support and encouragement, which helped us to mould our project into a successful one. We show gratitude to our honourable Principal N. Samba Siva Rao for having provided all the facilities and support. We also thank P. Ravinder Reddy, Assistant Professor, for his continuous support and all the staff members of Electronics and Communication Engineering department for their valuable support and generous advice. Finally thanks to all our friends for their continuous support and enthusiastic help.

G.Alekhya Naidu

Md.Sony Pasha

ABSTRACT
We are aware that various movements take place under the earths surface. Motions of the ground include those of seismic waves generating earthquake, volcanic eruption, and other seismic sources. There are vibrations even due to movement of human beings and animals. Different types of sounds are also produced along with vibrations. Heres a circuit that detects vibrations/sounds. It is very sensitive and can detect vibrations caused by the movement of animals or human beings. The circuit is made up of readily available components and the design is straight forward as can be seen in the circuit diagram enclosed In the circuit standard piezo sensor is used to detect vibrations/sounds due to pressure changes .IC TLO71 (IC1) is used as a differential amplifier and TLO71 (IC2) is a low-noise JFET input op-amp IC. BIFET technology is used to provide fast slew rate. A transistor T2 is used to activate the piezo buzzer. LEDs are used for different indications. All these elements are connected in a way such that the circuit acts as a seismic sensor and detects the vibrations. Whenever the sensor detects any movement (even a slight moment) the circuit starts beeping along with a red light indication (LED2). This circuit can be constructed on common PCB and enclose in a suitable cabinet with a piezo element connected to it separately. The seismic sensor is assembled on the back side of a ceramic tile or granite tile with good adhesive. Fix the tile (or bury it in the earth) near the entrance with the sensor assembly facing downwards. Whenever a vibration /sound is detected by the sensor, the circuit will be activated and gives a beep along with red light indication.

CONTENTS

Abstract.. i Contents.. ii List of figures. iv Acronyms v

INTRODUCTION 1.1Overview 1.2 statements of problems 1.3Motivation 1.4Literature survey : : : : 1 1 1 2

2. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION

2.1 Circuit diagram 2.2 Circuit description 2.3 Description of components 2.3.1 Integrated circuit. 2.3.2 Piezo element 2.3.3 Variable resistor : : : : : : 12 3 3 4 4 8

2.3.4 Capacitor 2.3.5 Buzzer 2.3.6 Resistor 2.3.7Transistor 2.3.8 LED 2.3.9 Switch 2.3.10 Battery

: : : : : : :

14 15 16 27 33 34 36

3. OPERATION OF CIRCUIT
3.1 Circuit overview 3.2 Circuit operation : : 39 39

4. RESULTS

41

5. CONCLUSION AND APPLICATIONS

5.1 Applications 5.2 Conclusion : 42 : 42

BIBLOGRAPHY

44

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Circuit Diagram Figure 2.2 555 Timer Figure 2.3 Internal Block diagram of 555 Timer Figure 2.4 Schematic of 555 Timer in Monostable mode Figure 2.5 Schematic of 555 Timer in Astable mode Figure 2.6 IC TLO71 Figure 2.7 Piezo element Figure 2.8 Frequency response of piezo material Figure 2.9 Piezo material Figure 2.10 Variable Resistor Figure 2.11 Piezo disk beepe Figure 2.12 Typical lead resistor Figure 2.13 Carbon film resistor Figure 2.14 SIL resistor package Figure 2.15 Resistor with wire leads Figure 2.16 Wire wound resistors Figure 2.17 Assorted discrete transistor

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

3 4 5 6 7 8 8 10 12 14 15 16 17 21 22 24 28

Figure 2.18 Replica of first transistor Figure 2.19 BC548 Transistor Figure 2.20 LED Figure 2.21 Led and internal parts Figure 2.22 Battery Figure 2.23 Open 9 volts battery

29

:
: : : :

30
33 34 36 38

ACROYNMS
TTL-Transistor-Transistor Logic LED-Light Emitting Diode JFET-Junction Field Effect Transistor

SMT-Surface Mount Technology MELF-Metal Electrode Leadless Face