German I

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German I Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar Learn German Online Free German Les
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German I Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar

Click on the play button to listen to the mp3s through Yahoo Media Player without having to download them. If you'd like to download the mp3s, use the DownThemAll add-on for Firefox to download all the mp3s at once instead of right-clicking on each link. Recordings done by a native speaker of German from Austria. I've also recommended some books from Amazon, or if you'd like to take courses in Germany or Switzerland, check out ESL Languages.
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1. BASIC PHRASES Guten Morgen goo -en mo -gen Good Morning Gute Nacht goo -eh nakh Good Night Gr dich / Gr Gott! Hello! / Greetings! (Southern Germany &
Austria)
Guten Tag goo -en ahk Hello/Good Day Tag / Hallo / Servus ahk / hah-loh / ai - ooh Hi / Hello / Hi & Bye (Southern
Germany & Austria)
Guten Abend goo -en ah-ben Good Evening Auf Wiedersehen o f ee-dai - a n Goodbye Gehen wir! geh-en ee Let's go! Bis morgen bi moh -gen See you tomorrow Bitte schn bih- h h n You're welcome Verzeihung Pardon me (Sehr) Gut / So lala ai goo / o lahlah (Very) Good / OK Ja / Nein ah / nine Yes / No Ich heie... ikh hieh My name is... [I am called...]
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Tschs / Tschau che / cho Bye! Bis bald bi bahl See you soon Danke (schn / sehr) dahn-k h h n/ ai Thank you Entschuldigen Sie ehn - hool-dih-g n ee Excuse me Wie geht's? ee ga How are you? (informal) Es geht. e ga e I'm ok. (informal) Wie heit du? ee hie doo What's your name? (informal)
Bis spter bi hpa - e See you later Bitte bih- h Please Es tut mir leid. eh oo mee li e I'm sorry Wie geht es Ihnen? ee ga e ee-nen How are you? (formal) Schlecht / Nicht Gut hlekh / ni h goo Bad / Not good Wie heien Sie? ee hie- en ee What's your name? (formal)
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Es freut mich. f o mikh Pleased to meet you. Woher kommen Sie? o-hai koh-men ee Where are you from? (formal) Wo wohnen Sie? o oh-nen ee Where do you live? (formal) Wie alt sind Sie? ee al in ee How old are you? (formal) Sprechen Sie deutsch? hp eck-en ee do ch Do you speak German? (formal) Verstehen Sie? / Verstehst du? feh - h a -en ee / feh - h a doo Do you understand? (formal / informal) Knnen Sie mir helfen? ke -nen ee mee hell-fen Can you help me? (formal) Kann ich Ihnen helfen? kahn ikh ee-nen hell-fen May I help you? (formal) Wie heit ___ auf deutsch? ee hei ___ o f do ch How do you say ___ in German? Was ist los? ah i loh What's the matter? Keine Angst! k -n h ahng Don't worry! Ich habe Hunger / Durst. ikh hah-b h hoong-e / di I'm hungry / thirsty. Ich mchte / Ich htte gern... ikh me kh- h / ikh heh- h gai n I'd like... Gesundheit! geh- oon -h
Gleichfalls. gl kh-fal Likewise. Woher kommst du? o-hai kohm doo Where are you from? (informal) Wo wohnst du? o ohn doo Where do you live? (informal) Wie alt bist du? ee al bi doo How old are you? (informal) Sprichst du englisch? hp ikh doo eng-li h Do you speak English? (informal) Ich verstehe (nicht). ikh feh - h a -eh nikh I (don't) understand. Kannst du mir helfen? kahn doo mee hell-fen Can you help me? (informal) Kann ich dir helfen? kahn ikh dee hell-fen May I help you? (informal) Wo ist / Wo sind... ? oh i / oh in Where is / Where are... ? Das macht nichts. da makh nikh It doesn't matter. Ich habe es vergessen. ikh hah-b h e feh -gehen I forgot. Ich bin krank / mde. ikh bin k ahnk moo-d h I'm sick / tired. Das gefllt mir. dah geh-fehl mee I like it. Herzlichen Glckwunsch! he -likh-en gle k- oon h
Herr / Frau / Frulein hai / f o / f oi-line Mister / Misses / Miss Ich komme aus... ikh koh-m h o ... I'm from... Ich wohne in... ikh oh-n h in I live in... Ich bin ____ Jahre alt. ikh bin ____ aa- eh al I am ____ years old. Ich spreche (kein)... ikh hp eck- h kine I (don't) speak... Ich wei (nicht). ikh i e nikh I (don't) know. Natrlich / Gerne nah- e -likh / gai -n h Of course / Gladly Wie bitte? ee bih- h What? Pardon me? Es gibt... e geep There is / are... Das ist mir egal. da i mee eh-gahl I don't care. Jetzt muss ich gehen. e moo ikh geh-en I must go now. Ich habe Langeweile. ikh hah-b h lahn-g h- -l h I'm bored. Prima / Toll / Super! p ee-mah / ohl / oo-pai Great / Fantastic! Sei ruhig! oo-hikh
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Bless you! Willkommen! il-koh-men Welcome! Bitte schn? Yes? / What would you like to order? Bitte schn. Here you go. (handing something to someone) Ich bin satt. I'm full. Ich liebe dich. ikh leeb- h dikh I love you. (informal) Wie wre es mit ... ? How about...?
Congratulations! Viel Glck! feel gle k Good luck! Was darf's sein? What can I get you? / How can I help you? Zahlen bitte! The check, please! Mir ist schlecht. I feel sick. Du fehlst mir. I miss you. (informal) Was fr ein...? What kind of (a)...?
Be quiet! (informal) Schauen Sie mal! / Schau mal! ho -en ee mal / ho mal Look! (formal / informal) Sonst noch etwas? Anything else?
Stimmt so. Keep the change. Es tut mir weh. It hurts. Alles ist in Ordnung. Everything is fine. Nicht wahr? [general tag question]
Ich is not actually pronounced ikh, unless you are speaking a northern dialect of German. If you are speaking a southern dialect, then it is more like i h. There is no equivalent sound in English. In standard German, it is somewhere between ish and ikh. Technically, it is a voiceless palatal fricative and its voiced counterpart is the y sound in yes. 2. PRONUNCIATION German Vowels [i] [y] [] [ ] [e] [] [ ] [] [a] [] [u] [] [o] [] [] [] viel khl Tisch hbsch Tee schn Bett zwlf Mann kam gut muss Sohn Stock bitte Wetter mee , ea ee Videos rounded / long Random vowel Translate
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Engli h P on ncia ion
mi , i ih rounded / short vowel ma e, ai ay rounded / long vowel me , e eh rounded / short vowel mop, no ah / longer vowel than [a] boo , p , oo coa , goa ca gh , bo gh c , ha uhr / also short vowel like [] in Engli h. i
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Highligh ed o el do no e i
Notice that words spelled with and can be pronounced with a long or short vowel, so determining the pronunciation based on the spelling is not possible. The other umlauted letter, , is generally pronounced as [e], though it can be pronounced as [ ] in some dialects. A general rule for pronunciation, however, states that the short vowels / / must be followed by a consonant, whereas the long vowels / i y u e o / can occur at the end of the syllable or word.
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German Diphthongs [a] [a] [] German Consonants ein, mein auf, kaufen neu, Gebude
Engli h P on ncia ion eye, buy, why cow, now, how toy, boy, foil
There are a few German consonants that do not exist in English, and some consonant combinations that are not common in English. Notice that the pronunciation of the German r changes according to the location in the countries that speak German, i.e. [R] in northern Germany and [r] in southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Spelling ch (with vowels e and i) ch (with vowels a, o, u) pf z j qu sch th v w s (before vowel) IPA [] [x] [pf] [ts] [j] [kv] [] [t] [f] [v] [s] [z] Sample o d Buch, lachen, kochen Zeit, Zug, Tanz ja, Januar, Junge Quote, Quiz, Quitte Stadt, sprechen schenken, schlafen Theater, Thron Vater, verboten Wasser, warm Strae, gro Salz, seit, Sitz f k h / hp h Ho o p ono nce: h o nd oicele (no ib a ion of ocal co d ) ai flo ) Chemie, mich, nicht Make
Make k h o nd a f ica i e (con in o
Apfel, Pferd, Pfanne P ono nce oge he a one o nd P ono nce oge he a one o nd h
st / sp (at beginning of syllable) [t] / [p]
In addition, the sounds [b], [d], and [g] lose their voicing at the end of a syllable, so they are pronounced as their voiceless counterparts [p], [t], and [k], respectively. However, the spelling does not reflect the pronunciation. Stress Stress generally falls on the first syllable of the word, except in words borrowed from other languages, where the stress falls on the last syllable (especially with French words.) 3. ALPHABET
a ah
yoht s kah el
ess tay
b bay k c tsay l
u oo v
fow
d day m em e ay f
eff
n o
en oh pay koo ehr
w vay x y z
eeks irp-se-lon tset
g gay p h hah q i
ee
There is another letter in written German, (es-zet), pronounced like [s]. However, this letter is only used after long vowels or diphthongs, and it is not used at all in Switzerland. 4. NOUNS & CASES
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All nouns have a gender in German, either masculine, feminine or neuter. There really isn't a lot of logic to which nouns are which gender, so you must memorize the gender of each noun. 1. Male persons or animals, the seasons, months, and days are all masculine, as are nouns ending in -ant, -ast, -ich, -ig, ismus, -ling, -or and -us. 2. Female persons or animals, and numerals are all feminine, as are nouns ending in -a, -anz, -ei, -enz, -heit, -ie, -ik, -in, -keit, schaft, -sion, -sis, -tt, -tion, -ung and -ur. 3. Young persons or animals, metals, chemical elements, letters of the alphabet, hotels, restaurants, cinemas, continents, countries and provinces are all neuter, as are nouns that end in -chen, -icht, -il, -it, -lein, -ma, -ment, -tel, -tum, and -um. Nouns referring to things that end in -al, -an, -ar, -t, -ent, -ett, -ier, -iv, -o and -on, as well as most words with the prefix ge- and most nouns ending in -nis and -sal are also neuter. All nouns in German are capitalized in writing. All nouns (as well as pronouns and adjectives) have a case depending on what function they serve in the sentence. These may seem strange, but remember that English uses cases also; however, we would say direct object instead of accusative, or indirect object instead of dative. Although these cases may make learning new words difficult, they actually help with word order because the position of words in a sentence is not as fixed in German as it is in English. And the reason for that is because words can occur in these four cases: Nominative Accusative Dative Genitive subject of the sentence direct objects indirect objects indicates possession or relationship The girl is reading. We see the mountain. I bought a gift. We talk to the guide. I gave my mom a gift. The book of the girl. The dog's tail.
The nouns you look up in a dictionary will be in the nominative case. 5. ARTICLES & DEMONSTRATIVES Masculine Nomina i e Acc ai e Da i e Geni i e der (da e) den (dane) dem (dame) des (de ) Masculine Nom. Acc. Da . Gen. ein (ine) einen (ine-en) einem (ine-em) eines (ine-e ) Definite Articles (The) Feminine die (dee) die der der Indefinite Articles (A, An) Feminine eine (ine- h) eine einer(ine-e ) einer Neuter das (dah ) das dem des Neuter ein ein einem eines That / Those Fem. die die der der Neu. das das dem des Pl. die die den der Plural die die den der
Demonstratives (This, That, These, Those) This / These Masc. Nom. Acc. Da . Gen. dieser diesen diesem dieses Fem. diese diese dieser dieser Neu. dieses dieses diesem dieses Pl. diese diese diesen dieser Masc. der den dem des
Jener is an older word found in written German that was used to mean that or those, but today in spoken German the definite articles are used. Dort or da may accompany the definite articles for emphasis. Das is also a universal demonstrative and therefore shows no agreement. Notice the last letter of each of the words above. They correspond to the last letters of the words for the definite articles. Words that are formed this same way are called de - o d because they follow the pattern of the
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der-die-das declension. Other der-words are: jeder-every, and welcher-which. Mancher (many) and solcher (such) are also der-words, but they are used almost always in the plural. 6. SUBJECT (NOMINATIVE) PRONOUNS Subject Pronouns ich du er, sie, es, man ikh doo ai , ee, e , mahn I you (familiar) he, she, it, one wir ihr sie, Sie ee ee ee we you (all) they, you (formal)
Man can be translated as one, we, they or the people in general. When referring to nouns as i , you use er for masculine nouns, sie for feminine nouns and es for neuter nouns. However, the definite articles der, die and das can be substituted for er, sie and es to show more emphasis. 7. TO BE, TO HAVE, & TO BECOME Present tense of sein - to be ( ine) we are ikh bin doo bih ai / ee/e i you (plural) are they/you (formal) are
I am you are (familiar) he/she/it is
ich bin du bist er/sie/es ist
wir sind ihr seid sie/Sie sind
ee ee
in ide
ee in
Past tense of sein I was you were (familiar) he/she/it was ich war du warst er/sie/es war ikh a doo a ai / ee/e a we were you (plural) were they/you (formal) were wir waren ihr wart sie/Sie waren ee ee ah- en a
ee ah- en
Present tense of haben - to have (hah-ben) ich habe du hast er/sie/es hat hah-b h hah hah ir haben ihr habt sie/Sie haben Past tense of haben ich hatte du hattest er/sie/es hatte hah- h hah- e hah- h ir hatten ihr hattet sie/Sie hatten hah- en hah- e hah- en hah-ben hahb hah-ben
Present tense of werden - to become ( ai -den) ich werde du wirst er/sie/es wird ai -d h ee ee ir werden ihr werdet sie/Sie werden Past tense of werden ich wurde du wurdest er/sie/es wurde oo -d h oo -de oo -d h ir wurden ihr wurdet sie/Sie wurden oo -den oo -de oo -den ai -den ai -de ai -den
Haben is frequently used in expressions that would normally take o be in English. Ich habe Hunger. = I am hungry. Ich hatte Durst. = I was thirsty.
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Ich habe Langeweile. = I am bored. Ich hatte Heimweh. = I was homesick. Ich habe Angst. = I am afraid. In everyday speech, the final -e on the ich conjugations can be dropped: ich hab' or hab' ich 8. USEFUL WORDS and but very or here also both some only again hopefully between therefore a lot, many really together all now so another already und aber sehr oder hier auch beide etwas nur wieder hoffentlich zwischen deshalb viel(e) wirklich zusammen alle jetzt also noch ein schon oon ah-be ai oh-de he e o kh b -d h eh - ah noo ee-de hoh-fen -likh i h-en de -halp feel( h) ee k-li h oo- ah-men ahl-l h e al- oh nohkh ine hone isn't it? too bad gladly immediately sure(ly) but, rather finally right! anyway enough exact(ly) sometimes always never often of course perhaps a little a little not at all not a bit nicht wahr? schade gern sofort sicher(lich) sondern schlielich stimmt berhaupt genug genau manchmal immer nie oft klar vielleicht ein bisschen ein wenig gar nicht kein bisschen nikh ah hah-d h geh n oh-fo ikh-e -likh ohn-deh n hlee -likh h im oo-be -ho p g h-nook g h-no mahnch-mal im-e nee ohf klah fee-likh ine bi -khen ine a -nikh ga nikh kine bi -khen
Es gibt is commonly used to mean he e i /a e and it is always followed by the accusative case. 9. QUESTION WORDS Who What Why When wer was warum wann eh ah Whom (acc.) wen Whom (dat.) wem wieso woher wohin welche/-r/-s ain aim ee- o o-hai o-hin el h- h/e /e
ah- oom How come ahn oh ee Where from Where to Which
Where wo How wie
10. NUMBERS / DIE NUMMERN 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 null eins zwei drei vier fnf sechs sieben acht neun d fee fe nf eck ee-b n ahkh no n nool ine 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th erste zweite dritte vierte fnfte sechste siebte achte neunte
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10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1,000
zehn elf zwlf dreizehn vierzehn fnfzehn sechzehn siebzehn achtzehn neunzehn zwanzig einundzwanzig zweiundzwanzig dreiundzwanzig vierundzwanzig dreiig vierzig fnfzig sechzig siebzig achtzig neunzig (ein)hundert (ein)tausend
a n elf lf d - a n fee - a n fe nf- a n eck- a n eep- a n ahkh- a n no n- a n ahn- ikh ine-oon -oon d -oon fee -oon d - ikh fee - ikh fe nf- ikh ekh- ikh eep- ikh ahkh- ikh no n- ikh ine-hoon-d h ine- o - hn ahn- ikh ahn- ikh ahn- ikh ahn- ikh
10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th
zehnte elfte zwlfte dreizehnte vierzehnte fnfzehnte sechzehnte siebzehnte achtzehnte neunzehnte zwanzigste einundzwanzigste zweiundzwanzigste dreiundzwanzigste vierundzwanzigste dreiigste vierzigste fnfzigste sechzigste siebzigste achtzigste neunzigste
Sometimes zwo ( oh) is used instead of zwei to avoid confusion with drei when talking on the telephone. The use of commas and periods is switched in German, though a space is commonly used to separate thousandths, i.e. 1,000 would be 1 000. When saying telephone numbers, you can either say each number individually or group them in twos. For years, you use the hundreds: 1972 is neunzehn hundert zweiundsiebzig; or the thousands: 2005 is zwei tausend fnf. Wann sind Sie geboren? When were you born? Ich bin in 1982 geboren. I was born in 1982. 11. DAYS OF THE WEEK / DIE TAGE Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday (N & E Ge man ) Sunday day morning afternoon evening night today tomorrow
Montag Dienstag Mittwoch Donnerstag Freitag Samstag

Sonnabend
mohn- ahk deen - ahk mi - ock don-e - ahk f - ahk ahm - ahk
on-nah-ben
Sonntag der Tag (-e) der Morgen (-) der Nachmittag (-e) der Abend (-e) die Nacht (, -e) heute morgen
on- ahk deh ahk ma -g n nakh-mih- ahk ah-b n nahk ho - h ma -g n

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tonight yesterday last night week weekend daily weekly
heute Abend gestern gestern Abend die Woche (-n) das Wochenende (-n) tglich wchentlich
ho - h ah-b n geh- ai n geh- ai n ah-b n oh-k h oh-ken-en-d h eh-glikh e -khen -likh
To say on a certain day or the weekend, use am. Add an -s to the day to express "on Mondays, Tuesdays, etc." All days, months and seasons are masculine so they all use the same form of these words: jeden - every, nchsten - next, letzten - last (as in the last of a series), vorigen - previous. In der Woche is the expression for "during the week" in Northern and Eastern Germany, while unter der Woche is used in Southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland. 12. MONTHS OF THE YEAR / DIE MONATE January
(A ia)
Januar
J nner
ah-noo-ah
eh-ne
February March April May June July August September October November December month year monthly yearly To say in a certain month, use im.
Februar Mrz April Mai Juni Juli August September Oktober November Dezember der Monat (-e) das Jahr (-e) monatlich jhrlich
fa -b oo-ah meh ah-p il m oo-nee oo-lee o -goo ehp- ehm-be ok- oh-be no- ehm-be deh- em-be moh-nah aa moh-nah -likh jeh -likh
Wann hast du Geburtstag? When is your birthday? Mein Geburtstag ist im Mai. My birthday is in May. 13. SEASONS / DIE JAHRESZEITEN Winter Spring Summer Autumn To say in he + a season, use im. 14. DIRECTIONS / DIE RICHTUNGEN right left straight North
der Winter der Frhling der Sommer der Herbst
deh deh
in- e om-me
deh f e -ling deh heh p
rechts links geradeaus der Norden

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South East West im Norden = in the North nach Osten = to the East aus Westen = from the West
der Sden der Osten der Westen
15. COLORS & SHAPES / DIE FARBEN & DIE FORMEN orange pink purple blue yellow red black brown gray white green turquoise beige silver gold orange rosa violett / lila blau gelb rot schwarz braun grau wei grn trkis beige silber gold square circle triangle rectangle oval octagon cube sphere cone cylinder das Viereck der Kreis das Dreieck das Rechteck das Oval das Achteck der Wrfel die Kugel der Kegel der Zylinder
Because colors are adjectives, they must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe if they are placed before the noun. However, not all adjectives agree, such as colors ending in -a or -e; nor do they agree when they are used as predicate adjectives. More about Adjectives in German III. To say that a color is ligh , put hell- before it, and to say that a color is da k, put dunkel- before it. Das Viereck ist braun. The square is brown. Das Rechteck ist hellblau. The rectange is light blue. 16. TIME / DIE ZEIT What time is it? (It is) 2 AM 2 PM 6:20 half past 3 quarter past 4 quarter to 5 10 past 11 20 to 7 noon midnight in the morning in the evening It's exactly...
Wie spt ist es? Es ist zwei Uhr nachts Es ist zwei Uhr nachmittags Es ist sechs Uhr zwanzig Es ist halb vier Es ist Viertel nach vier Es ist Viertel vor fnf Es ist zehn nach elf Es ist zwanzig vor sieben Es ist nachmittag Es ist mitternacht morgens / frh abends Es ist genau...
ee hpa e i
oo nahk ahn- ikh
oo nahk-mih- ahk e oo hahlp fee fee - el nahk fee fee - el fo fe nf an nahk elf ahn- ikh fo nakh-mih- ahk mih- e -nahk ma -g n / f e aah-b n e i g h-no
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ee-b n
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At 8. early(ier) late(r)
Um 8 Uhr. frh(er) spt(er)
oom akh oo f e (e ) hpa (e )
Official time, such as for bus and train schedules, always uses the 24 hour clock. Notice that halb + number means half o, not half pa , so you have to use the hour that comes next. 17. WEATHER / DAS WETTER How's the weather today? It's hot It's cold It's beautiful It's bad It's clear It's icy It's warm It's sunny It's windy It's cloudy It's hazy It's muggy It's humid It's foggy It's snowing It's raining It's freezing It looks like rain. The weather is clearing 18. FAMILY / DIE FAMILIE Parents Mother Father Son Daughter Brother Sister Grandparents Grandfather Grandmother Grandchildren Grandson Granddaughter Niece Nephew Cousin (m) die Eltern die Mutter () der Vater () der Sohn (, -e) die Tochter () der Bruder () die Schwester (-n) die Groeltern der Grovater () die Gromutter () die Enkelkinder der Enkel (-) die Enkelin (-nen) die Nichte (-n) der Neffe (-n) der Vetter (-n) Relative Man Sir / Mister Woman / Ma'am / Mrs. / Ms. Husband Wife Boy Girl Grandpa Grandma Dad Mom Friend (m) Friend (f) Partner / Significant Other (m) Partner / Significant Other (f) der Verwandte (-n) der Mann (, -er) der Herr (-en) die Frau (-en) der Ehemann (, -er) die Ehefrau (-en) der Junge (-n) das Mdchen (-) der Opa (-s) die Oma (-s) der Vati die Mutti der Freund (-e) die Freundin (-nen) der Partner (-) die Partnerin (-nen)
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Wie ist das Wetter heute? Es ist hei Es ist kalt Es ist schn Es ist schlecht Es ist klar Es ist eisig Es ist warm Es ist sonnig Es ist windig Es ist bewlkt Es ist dunstig Es ist schwl Es ist feucht Es ist nebelig Es schneit Es regnet Es friert Es sieht nach Regen aus. Das Wetter klrt sich auf.
ie i e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e dah i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
dah hi e kahl
e - e ho - h
he n hlehk klah i e-ikh am ohn-ikh in-dikh beh- e lk doon - ikh ch ool foikh neh-beh-likh chni e a g-ne
f ee ee nahkh a -gen o e -e klai ikh o f
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Cousin (f) Uncle Aunt Siblings Baby Godfather Godmother Step-in-law Brother-in-law Sister-in-law
die Kusine (-n) der Onkel (-) die Tante (-n) die Geschwister das Baby (-s) der Pate (-n) die Patin (-nen) der/die Stiefder/die Schwiegerder Schwager () die Schwgerin (-nen)
Marital Status Single Married Divorced Male Female Child Toddler Teenager Adult Twin
der Familienstand ledig verheiratet geschieden mnnlich weiblich das Kind (-er) das Kleinkind (-er) der Teenager (-) der Erwachsene (-n) der Zwilling (-e)
The letters in parentheses indicate the plural form of the noun. Notice that sometimes an umlaut is placed over the main vowel of the word in the plural. For example, der Mann is singular (the man) and die Mnner is plural (the men). For step- and -in-law relations, just add Stief- or Schwieger- before the main person, except in the case of brother-in-law and sister-in-law noted above. The plurals follow the pattern for the main person, i.e. die Schwiegermutter (singular) and die Schwiegermtter (plural) 19. TO KNOW PEOPLE & FACTS kennen - to know people ich kenne du kennst er/sie/es kennt ken-n h ken ken wir kennen ihr kennt sie/Sie kennen ken-n n ken ken-n n ich wei du weit er/sie/es wei wissen - to know facts i e i i e wir wissen ihr wisst sie/Sie wissen ihih ihn n
Kennen is a regular verb, while wissen is irregular in the present tense. You must use the subject pronouns (ich, du, er...); however, I will leave them out of future conjugations. 20. FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS Plural nouns in German are unpredictable, so it's best to memorize the plural form with the singular. However, here are some rules that can help: 1. Feminine nouns usually add -n or -en. Nouns that end in -in (such as the female equivalents of masculine nouns) add -nen. eine Lampe eine Tr eine Studentin eine Gabel zwei Lampen zwei Tren zwei Studentinnen zwei Gabeln
2. Ma c line and ne e nouns usually add -e or -er. Many masculine plural nouns ending in -e add an umlaut as well, but neuter plural nouns ending in -e don't. Plurals that end in -er add an umlaut when the stem vowel is a, o , u or au. Masculine ein Rock ein Mann zwei Rcke zwei Mnner ein Heft ein Buch Neuter zwei Hefte zwei Bcher
3. Ma c line and ne e singular nouns that end in -er either add an umlaut or change nothing at all. Many nouns with a stem vowel of a, o, u or au add an umlaut. Ma c line and ne e singular nouns that end in -el also add nothing at all (with three exceptions: Pantoffel, Stachel, Muskel). Masculine ein Bruder ein Kegel zwei Brder zwei Kegel ein Fenster ein Mittel Neuter zwei Fenster zwei Mittel
4. Nouns that end in a vowel other than an unstressed -e and nouns of foreign origin add -s.
3/18/12
ein Hobby ein Hotel
zwei Hobbys zwei Hotels
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German I Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar

Engli h P on ncia ion

Make k h o nd a f ica i e (con in o

st / sp (at beginning of syllable) [t] / [p]

en oh pay koo ehr

I am you are (familiar) he/she/it is

ich bin du bist er/sie/es ist

wir sind ihr seid sie/Sie sind

ah- oom How come ahn oh ee Where from Where to Which

Where wo How wie

Montag Dienstag Mittwoch Donnerstag Freitag Samstag

on- ahk deh ahk ma -g n nakh-mih- ahk ah-b n nahk ho - h ma -g n

tonight yesterday last night week weekend daily weekly

ho - h ah-b n geh- ai n geh- ai n ah-b n oh-k h oh-ken-en-d h eh-glikh e -khen -likh

der Winter der Frhling der Sommer der Herbst

deh f e -ling deh heh p

rechts links geradeaus der Norden

der Sden der Osten der Westen

oo nahk ahn- ikh

Um 8 Uhr. frh(er) spt(er)

oom akh oo f e (e ) hpa (e )

f ee ee nahkh a -gen o e -e klai ikh o f

ein Hobby ein Hotel

zwei Hobbys zwei Hotels

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