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manuals. Please contact David.Haynes@ERPtips.com if you have any SAP training needs, or visit www.ERPtips.com for more information.
Written by Jocelyn Hayes Published by Klee Associates, Inc.
Copyright Klee Associates, Inc., 2010
A goods receipt (GR) is the transaction that brings inventory into stock and thereby increases the quantity (and perhaps value) of goods in stock. You can receive goods externally from a vendor or internally from production or another facility. A goods receipt can refer to a reservation (used when your company is not using the Purchasing module of Materials Management) or an order (production order or purchase order), or it can be an other goods receipt, which is often used to load stock initially into SAP. A reservation simply puts a 'hold' on stock.
A goods receipt can be planned or unplanned. A planned GR comes from a reservation or from a purchase or production order.
When a goods receipt is entered for a PO, the Purchasing agent can see the material document in the PO history. Value on the accounting document is based on the PO value. The stock resides in the storage location indicated on the PO, but that can be overridden on the GR and posted to unrestricted stock, quality inspection stock, or blocked stock.
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Stock posted to blocked stock locks the invoice so the vendor cannot be paid until the blocked stock moves to unrestricted stock. Blocked stock is neither available in quantities nor valuated.
ERPtip
To view inventory posted to blocked stock for a specific material master, use the transaction MM03 and display the Plant Stock view.
Goods are received into stock or direct consumption (as when posted directly to a cost center). Special stock types for sales order stock or project stock do not update consumptions statistics in the material master record.
Goods received into Inventory update the General Ledger (G/L) account for inventory when stored. Goods received for consumption debit the appropriate account assignment object (like cost center or asset).
Vendors may under or over deliver on a PO GR based on the settings on the PO. The screen capture below shows where to maintain the under and over delivery tolerances on a PO.
Receiving full quantity against a PO checks the Deliv: compl. indicator. If you have no further quantities to receive but the PO quantity is Open, you must manually select this checkbox to remove the open quantity from commitments and to eventually archive the PO.
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The following table lists the commonly used goods receipt movement types:
Description Goods receipt for purchase order into Unrestricted stock Goods receipt for purchase order into Blocked stock Release of goods receipt Blocked stock into warehouse Goods receipt into Valuated Blocked stock (used to post the accounting document for blocked stock when you receive it) Return Delivery to Vendor (reverse movement type, which allows you to enter a reason for the return) Initial entry of inventory Goods receipt without Production order
Posting a goods receipt results in the following: Material document Accounting document Update to stock quantity Update to G/L accounts and cost accounts Update to Purchase Order Update to planning file for MRP Optional: Goods Receipt Slip (printed document) Optional: Notification message to buyer of goods receipt
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The inbound delivery is also known as the Shipping Notification, or Advanced Ship Notice. It allows users to create a document that details all items in an upcoming shipment for a vendor. If you have a vendor that combines multiple purchase orders into one shipment, this is an excellent tool to optimize the receiving process. If you can request your vendor to send you the list (either manually or electronically) of purchase order items in an expected delivery, you can enter the inbound delivery in advance; then when the items arrive, the receiving dock simply receives the entire shipment instead of receiving it one PO line item at a time.
The purchasing agent can set up the Purchase Order line items to expect a Shipping Notification from the vendor before the receiving process can start. The setting for this type of confirmation can be found on the detail portion, Confirmation tab of the purchase order, as shown below:
Notice the user has selected confirmation control Z001 and the conf. req. checkbox has been selected. The confirmation control key, Z1, defines which confirmations are expected. The shipping notification is one of the confirmation categories associated to the confirmation control key, Z1 as shown below:
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The confirmation required (ConfReq) checkbox defines whether an entry for the confirmation categories associated to the confirmation control key is required prior to SAP allowing a user to enter a goods receipt against the purchase order line item. If the box has been selected, and a user attempts to perform a goods receipt, the user will be presented with a message that states the following:
If the user double-clicks on the message to view more information, the following screen will appear:
As you can see, the information provided here does not provide a lot of detail. SAP does not suggest checking that all confirmations have been entered for this PO, so be careful when using this functionality.
In the following demonstration, we will perform the following tasks: 1. Copy an old purchase order to create two new POs 2. Review the PO settings for confirmation control 3. Create an inbound delivery against the two purchase orders 4. Perform a goods receipt for the inbound delivery 5. Review the purchase order history of the two purchase orders
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Step 1: Copy old purchase orders to create two new purchase orders
1. Using the menu path: Logistics Materials Management Purchasing Purchase Order Create Vendor/Supplying Plant Known
2. Click on
3. Click on the
4. From the list of purchase orders you have created, copy one of them to a new purchase order by selecting it and while holding your left mouse button, dragging it from the overview pane to the shopping basket as shown below:
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5. Once you have copied the old PO to a new PO, click the Save icon to save the new PO.
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Step 2:
1. Without leaving the ME21N transaction, refresh your document overview panel by clicking the refresh icon. You should now be able to see your old PO numbers and your two new PO numbers.
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3. Click on the
Your vendor may or may not be set up with a confirmation control key or require the confirmation, but this illustrates whether or not a confirmation is expected and/or required.
The location of these settings comes from either the vendor master or information record, as shown below:
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ERPTip
This step can be automated if you have an electronic interface with your vendor. 1. Using the menu path: Logistics Materials Management Purchasing Purchase Order Inbound Delivery Create
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2. On the initial screen, you can enter the vendor number and then click on the button to have SAP search for all purchase orders for that vendor that require a shipping notification.
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4. Click on the Execute icon to get a selection screen with possible purchase orders for this criteria.
If you get multiple purchase orders in the following screen, you can combine them into one inbound delivery document if your vendor notified you that they are shipping multiple PO items on one shipment.
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5. Select the two purchasing documents from Step 1 using the CTRL key to select more than one and click the button to continue to the Shipping Notification: Create: Overview screen shown below.
On this screen, you can modify the delivery date and delivery quantity, which is then reflected in your stock/requirements overview and on the purchasing document Confirmations tab.
During the demonstration, the instructor will explain some of the key fields and tabs in the inbound delivery document.
6. Click
If you review the Purchase Order Confirmations tab now, you can see the inbound delivery as shown on the screenshot below:
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Step 4:
1. Using the menu path: Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management Goods Movement Goods Movement (MIGO)
2. Change the action and document type to the following and enter your inbound delivery document number from the previous demonstration step and press Enter:
3. Review the data on the following screen before posting the Goods Receipt for Inbound Delivery.
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This indicator drives whether or not the delivery complete indicator is flagged on the Purchase Order line item, which basically 'closes' the line item in SAP for further expected receipts. In the Goods Receipt Configuration section of this unit, we will discuss the configuration behind the indicator. For now, here is what indicating that a line item is completed for delivery does: Item is considered closed, even if the delivery quantity was less than the ordered quantity. No additional deliveries are expected, but SAP does not prevent additional deliveries unless they are over the delivery tolerance. If another goods receipt occurs, the item will be available to receive, but no proposed quantity is suggested in the quantity field. If the full line item quantity is delivered, the flag is irrelevant.
5. Change the quantity of one of the line items to receive the item short. This will preserve the remaining quantity for a future demonstration/exercise. Record the PO number of the line you received short: __________________
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Step 5: orders
In this step, we will review the PO history and illustrate where to see the inbound delivery. 1. Using the menu path: Logistics Materials Management Purchasing Purchase Order Display Or, transaction ME23N
2. If one of the two purchase orders you created in the previous demonstration/exercise does not appear, click the Other Purchase Order number icon and enter the PO number as shown below.
3. Now, you should be viewing the Purchase Order. Click on the Confirmations tab in the detail portion of the screen, as shown below:
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5. Click on the material document number to view the Goods Receipt document.
6. Click on the Doc Info tab to view a link to the Financial Document.
button.
Receive one of your PO line items SHORT and record which PO number you received short here: _____________________
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2. Change the action and document type to the following, and instead of manually entering your PO number, we will use the search function.
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The search screen allows you to find a Purchase Order using multiple criteria searches. You can either click through all the tabs or click on the a list of the various search tabs. icon to see
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4. Select 'Purchasing Documents per Material' and enter your material number to find your PO.
The list below includes all POs for material 2097. Unfortunately, it does not restrict the list to only OPEN POs. You can work with your development team to modify or add custom tabs that include that logic.
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Review a couple other tabs and then select the PO for which you are searching.
ERPTip
SAP also provides some reports, such as ME2L and ME2M that will allow you to report on Open Purchase Orders, which would be a useful tool for your receiving department to learn if your developers cannot support the changes to the search screens and they have problems finding the Purchase Order numbers in SAP.
6. Once you have reviewed some of the search options, select your PO number from one of the lists and press Enter twice to reach this screen:
7. The next topic of discussion is on goods receipt tolerances. Click on the Purchase Order History tab.
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Once you are displaying the PO, click on the Delivery tab and let's review the tolerances set up on this PO.
This particular PO does not have an over or under delivery tolerance. Therefore, SAP will not allow an overdelivery quantity, but will allow any amount of underdelivery.
For example, if the user enters 36 units, but only 35 were specified in the PO, the user will receive a warning or error message as shown in the next screen shot.
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Whether or not a warning or error message is issued depends on the configuration, which we will discuss in the configuration section of this unit.
If the user enters a quantity less than what appears on the PO, no message will appear. If the PO had a percent of underdelivery, that percent would define what is the minimum percent of delivery that will be accepted. For example, if the order quantity was 40, and there was an underdelivery tolerance of 50%, SAP would not accept a delivery for less than 20 pieces.
8. Now, let's review from where some of the values are populated.
The following values come from the Purchase Order: Material PO Quantity/Ordering Unit of Measure Plant Storage Location (if populated it can be left blank on the PO) Vendor PO number and line item Delivery Date Requisitioner
The following comes from the Inbound Delivery: Qty in Delivery note
The following come from the Material Master: Material Description Material Group Unit of Entry
The following comes from the Information Record: Vendor Material Number (can be overwritten in PO)
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As an optional exercise, try changing the tolerances on the PO and posting different quantities on the Goods Receipt to see the behavior of the under and over delivery tolerances.
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2. Change the action, document type, and movement type to the following.
3. Click on the Material tab and enter the Material number. Press Enter.
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If there is only one possible unit of entry, SAP will populate it as soon as you click on the drop-down box next to the field. If there is more than one possible entry, you will be presented with a selection box.
5. Click on the Where tab and enter Plant 3000, Storage Location 0001, and press Enter.
6. Click on the Partner tab and enter Vendor 99098, and press Enter.
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7. Click on the
You should receive the following message at the bottom of your screen:
You do have the option to click on the Account Assignment tab and override the G/L account to which the stock will post but it is unlikely you will be able to do so in your production environment.
8. Click
9. Now let's review the accounting document. To do so, change the action and document type to the following. The last material document should automatically populate.
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13. Select the accounting document number and click the display icon.
Notice the inventory is posted to a Work in process inventory account and to an Inventory change account not to the vendor account. There is no tie to the vendor since the GR was not against a PO. You can still post a direct invoice for the vendor in FICO, but you cannot post a Logistics based invoice in MM.
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2. Change the action, document type, and movement type to the following.
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4. Let's review some of the key fields on this document. As you can see from the above screen shot, the material is a pump and we are receiving 1000 of these pumps into inventory. Click on the Where tab to see to where we are receiving the pumps.
Using movement type 101, we are receiving the pumps into Plant 3000, Storage Location 0001 into unrestricted stock.
Selecting the Order Data tab, we can review the order number.
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5. Now let's post the goods receipt (click Save or Post) and then review the material document.
6. To review the material document, change the action, document type, and document number as shown below and then press Enter.
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Note that the inventory was posted to the finished goods inventory stock account and removed from the factory output account where it remained during the production process.
Instructor: Cancel the document to allow the production order to be used for future use.
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Note: We do not cover every area of Goods Receipt configuration, but what we feel are the most important and most commonly used/modified.
Variance in PO price quantity PO price quantity is a confusing concept. Here is an example to illustrate the concept. You can maintain a PO quantity in one unit of measure, say EACH, and the PO price in another unit of measure, say KG. You would need to maintain the conversion factor in the Material Master from EACH to KG. This variance gets checked only if the user is entering the GR in the order price quantity unit of measure (KG) instead of the order quantity (EACH). This tolerance can have two values one that provides an ERROR and one that provides a WARNING.
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Variance for moving average price of material If a material is maintained with price control V moving average SAP will automatically adjust the value of the materials in inventory based on the purchase price in the PO. Therefore, it is good practice to set up a variance level at which SAP issues a warning message if the PO price differs greatly from the current moving average price in material master.
1. Navigate to the IMG and follow the menu path: Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management and Physical Inventory Goods Receipt Set Tolerance Limits
2. Click
3. Click to position the cursor on the desired Company code (this is faster than scrolling through the long list of company codes).
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5. Select the line with Company code 3000 and Tolerance key (TlKy) B1 as shown below.
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The tolerance limit for both the lower and upper limit is 50%. Let's look at an example to illustrate.
You maintain a PO quantity unit of measure in EACH. You maintain a PO price unit of measure in KG. You enter a Goods Receipt using the PO price unit KG. You enter an invoice receipt that would result in a price variance of 50% or more and you would receive an error message.
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1. Navigate to the IMG and follow the menu path: Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management and Physical Inventory Goods Receipt Set "Delivery Completed" Indicator
2. Click
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3. Click
Field Plant
If it is selected, the delivery completed indicator will default if the quantity received is within the under/over delivery tolerance specified on the Purchase Order line item.
The indicator is only relevant when the delivered quantity is less than the ordered quantity because it causes SAP to consider it fully delivered. If the delivery quantity equals the ordered quantity the indicator is not required to be set to mark it as complete and for SAP to consider the line item closed.
Field Plant
Value XXXX
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If you have business requirements that require a specific field to be completed, you can modify the field behavior in this configuration.
We will make the Goods Recipient field required and we will suppress the Vendor field.
1. Navigate to the IMG and follow the menu path: Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management and Physical Inventory Goods Receipt Define Screen Layout
2. Click
3. In this demonstration, we will change the configuration of movement type 502 (no special stock indicator).
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The fields are divided into field selection groups, such as General Data and Materials Management.
5. Double-click on General Data (or click it once then click the detail icon) to display the fields assigned to this field selection group. Make the Goods recipient a required field.
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6. Click the to navigate to the Materials Management field selection group and make the Vendor a suppressed field.
7.
You can use the field check button to make sure you have not performed configuration that would create a conflict.
9. Execute transaction MIGO and cancel the material document you created in the demonstration for Goods Receipt for Unknown PO.
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10. Click on the tab to see that the Goods Recipient field is now required.
Is it? No, it is not. This demonstration was a bit of trick to reinforce that it is not always that easy in SAP! In order to modify the behavior of a field, you have to understand the order of precedence SAP uses to determine how a field behaves. The user can set up one behavior on the movement type, but if the field selection is different in the configuration found in this transaction: Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management and Physical Inventory Settings for Enjoy Transactions Field Selection per Mvt Type
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12. Now try to enter a goods receipt other, with movement type 502. Click on the Check box and you will get this error message:
You can also see the field is highlighted indicating that it is required:
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Inventory Management ECC 6.0
SAPtips Sample Inventory Management Goods Receipt
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