How to Construct a Trisected Angle with the Exclusive Use of Unmarked Ruler and Compass Rodolfo A.

Rivas Nieves fesol7luzley@gmail.com

Abstract Construction of an angle with the exclusive use of the unmarked ruler and compass and then show that this angle is exactly divided into three equal parts, is the objective of this research. All this leads us once the analysis and the proof have been done to propose to the scientific community, so they take into account the results obtained. Since they are directly linked to the trisection of the angle, one of the three classical problems of Greek geometry. Problem considered impossible to solve and whose main application is the structuring of elementary geometry or Euclidean. Keywords: Trisection of the angle, proof and analysis

1. Introduction 2. A construction is performed in order to illustrate the development of an example, using only the unmarked ruler and compass, Euclidean basic tools imposed as the only condition to face this subject. 3. We present the theoretical framework and provide an analysis of all elements obtained and belonging to the figure 1, which states the objective we have set. 4. We show the proof of the stated objective. 5. It is proposed to the scientific community through a discussion of the basis for the study related to the item on the trisection of the angle. Concluding in the application of the results obtained in the final resolution itself. 6. References

2. Construction of Figure 1 2.1 Method to construct an angle trisected Step One: With the unmarked ruler and compass, we construct a circle with center O and diameter CB. Step Two: Place the compass centered at a point P arbitrary in the line segment OC radius of the circle whose diameter is the line segment CB and PO. Opening the compass centered at the point P is constructed an arc being R the intersection point of this arc with the circle. Step Three: With the ruler joining points A and point P extending this construction to get the point A on the circumference. Then join point A with point O extending to intercept the circumference determining point T being angle TOB the trisector angle of angle AOB.

Figure 1

3. Theoretical Framework Main Theorem: The point of interception of the common side of two complementary central angles and line segment joining the midpoint of the chord of one with the midpoint of the arc of the other, determines an inscribed trisector angle whose vertex is the end point of the diameter of the circumscribed circle whose radius is equal to the sides of the central angle trisected. Theorem: The two n-trices adjacent to the common side of two consecutive angles, determining an angle equal to the sum of two consecutive angles divided By n. Lemma: The sum of the quotients is equal to the quotient of the sum Proof: a / n + b / n = (a + b) / n Where a and b are the angles. Theorem: If two supplementary angles are trisected then the two trisectrices adjacent to the common side of two supplementary angles determine an angle of 60 . Theorem: If two supplementary angles are bisected then the two adjacent to the common bisectors of two supplementary angles determine an angle of 90 . Corollary: The bisectors of supplementary angles are perpendicular.

3.1 Analysis of Figure 1 AO=OR PR=PO PAO=PRO PRO=POR POR=TOB PAO=PRO=POR=TOB 2(PRO)=AOT (by equal radii of same circle) (by equal radii within same circle) (by opposing to equal sides AO=OR) (by opposing to equal sides PR= PO) (by being angles opposite to vertex O) (by above) (by being PRO inscribed angle corresponding to central angle AOT)2 (by being AOT exterior angle of isosceles triangle ARO in point O and be supplementary angle of ROA)1

PRO+PAO=AOT

4. Proof Since: PRO+PAO =AOT (by above)1 =AOT (by PAO=PRO) (by deduction of above) 2 (Add PRO to both sides)

And: PRO+PRO Where: 2(PRO) =AOT

If: 2(PRO)+PRO=AOT+PRO Then: 3(PRO) = AOT+TOB Therefore: And since: When: Then: 3(PRO)=AOB PRO=AOB/3 TOB=AOB/3 TOB=AOB/3

(by deduction and PRO=TOB) (by deduction) (by transposing) (by TOB=PRO) Q.E.D.

5. Discussion and Conclusion Note that the analysis and results obtained in this research highlights respect to point P in Figure 1 and the study on the acquisition of such point is critical because it turns the effectiveness of construction, allowing us to say that the angle AOB is really trisected. But it should be noted that the point P is not unique an to determine its geometric place is not easy since that point has a dynamic behavior. The example presented is a special case, since there is a point for each angle trisection, but contains the same features and this leads to a study that would guarantee or certify its determination, because it is not the same trisect a given angle than to construct a trisected angle and hence the importance of this study. Determine the point P is the key, once achieved this, you could get the construction starting from a given angle and confirming it and finally solving one of the three classical problems of Greek geometry. Study for a fact fully realized and we conclude that the trisection of the angle is possible with Euclidean tools.

6. References
[1] Alvis Gonzlez, Victor S & R. lvarez, Los trabajos de Gauss sobre la teora de las paralelas, In: Victor S. Albis (ed.), A C. F. Gauss (1983), Universidad Nacional de Colombia (departamento de Matemticas y Estadstica), Bogot. [2] Hemmerling. Edwin M. Geometra Elemental. Mxico. Limusa, 1971. 498 p. [3] Rich. Barnett. Geometra. Mxico. Mc Grawhill, 1993. 395 p. [4] Jurgensen, R.C., Donnelly, A. J. and Dolciani, M. P. Th. 42 in Modern Geometry: Structure and Method. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin, 1963. [5] Pedoe, D. Circles: A Mathematical View, rev. ed. Washington, DC: Math. Assoc. Amer., pp. xxi-xxii, 1995. [6] Erik Oberg, Franklin D. Jones, Holbrook L. Editores Erik Oberg, Franklin D. Jones, Edicin 22, Ilustrada Editorial Industria Press, 1966. Universidad de Michigan. 14 p. 79-80 pp. [7] H.S.M. Coxeter, Fundamentos de Geometra, Ed. Limusa -Wyley, 1971. [8] H.S.M. Coxeter & S.L. Greitzer, The Mathematical Association of America. New Mathematical Library. N 19. 1967.