KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Introduction
Principles of Electrical & Electronics teach the student about electric circuits, electric systems, electrical units, electrical measurement units, and the application of the formulas. This is an important subject that should learned by the student to prepare themselves to became a good engineer. The student should able to understand and explain about electrical circuit. The students are given a group assignment which is to write a technical report on a given title. Each group should be consists 4 to 5 student. This assignment carries 15% of the total course marks. This assignment is actually to see the level of understanding of the student about the electrical system and the application of theory they studied n the class. The title that is given to our group to write the technical report is Intercom. What is intercom? Intercom is a private telecommunication system that allows typically two or more locations to communicate with each other like telephone does. There are many types of intercom such as door phone intercom, headset type intercom, IFB intercom, Party line intercom and many more. We have chosen a basic intercom that is push-to-talk also known as PTT. This kind of circuits are simple and generally consist of only one or two amplifiers and generally use the speaker as normal speaker and microphone (how it is used depends on talk switch position). The door phone intercom is in this category hence we chose the door phone intercom for our project

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Objective

The main aim of this assignment is to determine the level of understanding by the student on electric circuits and how it works To help the student to gain experience on the electrical system. To help train teamwork among the student. Understand the principles of electric & electronics concept. Application of theory that we learn in class.

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Problem statements
The problem statement explains us why do we require the intercom. What is the main problem that causes the invention of the device? This is the some of the reasons why we need an intercom: Unable to communicate from short distance such as from the front door of house to the kitchen Unable to identify a stranger that try to enter our house To make a direct call to a person in another floor in same building in case of emergency such as in hospital Unable to warn the people when there is a fire broke out or any accident occurs in a building

Figure of the projects

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Technical specifications

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

The intercom is made from a durable plastic material which can withstand an medium impact force and it is weatherproof. Its dimension is 6.45 inch in width, 10.81 inch in height and 3.74 in thickness. The weight of the intercom is 1.36 kg. it has 1 button on the front of the device that written call beside it. It needs a 16 Volts AC or 12 to 24 Volts DC as power supply. Its current supply should be 650mA AC typical and 1300mA AC maximum. The supply source of the backup battery which is externally charged is 12 to 24 Volts DC. Any other supply of current may damage the circuits and the device The output of this device is two form C relays rated at 3A @ 30 Vac or Vdc. Each programmable for control, obstacle, alarm or shunt. The input is two normally closed doors sense/inhibit inputs. The temperature should between -30 C to 65 C when the device is operating or in use. Its radio frequency is at 316 MHz with + of 500 kHz at temperature of 23 C. The bandwidth is 4MHz.

Characteristics

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Full duplex 2-way audio communication intercom (speakerphone hands free operation). Lightweight wall mountable weatherproof design with built-in speakerphone. High sensitivity microphone with great sound. Door bell or chime function. Door unlock feature if have a door strike installed. Simple and easy plug-&-play installation. Simple to operate and program.

Circuit schematic

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Circuit Description:

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

The circuit of our product consists of two identical intercom units. Each of the unit contains a power supply, microphone preamplifier, audio amplifier and a Push to Talk (PTT) relay circuit. Only 2 wires are required to connect the units together. Due to the low output impedance of the mic preamp, screened cable is not necessary and ordinary 2 core speaker cable, or bell wire may be used. The schematic can be broken into 34 parts, power supply, mic preamp, audio amplifier and PTT circuit. The power supply is designed to be left on all the time, which is why no on / off switch is provided. A standard 12 V RMS secondary transformer of 12VA will power the unit. Fuses are provided at the primary input and also secondary, before the rectifier. The 1 A fuse needs to be a slow blow type as it has to handle the peak rectifier current as the power supply electrolytic charge from zero volts. The microphone amplifier is a 2 BC109C transistor direct coupled amplifier. The microphone used is a 3 terminal electrets condenser microphone insert which is popular and require a small current to operate. The preamp is shown in the audio circuit section as well, but has a very high gain and low distortion. The last transistor is biased to around half the supply voltage; this provides the maximum overload margin for loud signals or loud voices. The gain may be adjusted with the 10k preset. Sensitivity is very high, and a ticking clock can easily be heard from the distant loudspeaker. The amplifier is based on the popular National Semiconductor LM380. A 50 mV input is all thats required to deliver 2W RMS into an 8 ohm loudspeaker. The choice of loudspeaker determines overall sound quality. A small loudspeaker may not produce a lot of bass. The 4.7u capacitor at pin 1 of the LM380 helps filter out any mains hum on the power supply. This can be increased to a 10u capacitor for better power supply rejection ratio.

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

The push to talk (PTT) circuit is very simple. A SPDT relay is used to switch between mic preamplifier output and loudspeaker input. The normally closed contact is set so that each intercom unit is "listening". The non latching push button switch must be held to talk. The 100u capacitor across the relay has two functions. It prevents the relays back emf from destroying the semiconductors, and also delays the release of the relay. This delay is deliberate, and prevents any last word from being "chopped" off. This circuit does not include a "call" button. This is simply because it is designed to be left on all the time, someone speaking from one unit will be heard in the other, and vice versa. Setup is simple, the volume is set to a comfortable level, and the mic is adjusted preset while speaking with "normal volume" from one meter away. We do not need to be in close contact with the microphone, it will pick up a conversation from anywhere in a room.

IC Pinout: The LM380 pinout viewed from above is shown below on the left. In the schematic, the LM380 has been represented as a triangle. The pins are shown on the right hand diagram. Pins marked "NC" have no connection and are not used.

Flow Chart

Push To Talk
Sound is receive by microphone

microphone

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Convert sound into signals

2 transistor direct coupled amplifier

Audio amplifier
Amplify and convert the signals then send to loudspeaker.

List of Components Contain in The Intercom

RESISTOR 2.2k 4 Loud speaker 22k - 2 56k - 2

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

10k - 2 1k - 4 560 - 2 2.7 - 2 8-2 Transistor BC109C - 4 CAPACITOR 4.7 - 4 220 - 4 100 4 10 2 4700 2 1000 2 PTT 2 DIODE 1N4001 8 8 INCH Loud speaker 2 LED 2 LM380 PINOUT 2 12V RMS SECONDARY TRANSFORMER 2 MICROPHONE 2 SPEAKER CABLE 2 CONNECTION WIRE 4

Estimate Price List For Components

Component

Quantity

Price (RM)/ pcs

Total Price (RM)

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Resistor 56k Resistor 10k Resistor 22k Resistor 2.2k Resistor 1k Resistor 560 Resistor 8 Resistor 2.7 Transistor BC109C Capacitor 4700 Capacitor 1000 Capacitor 220 Capacitor 100 Capacitor 10 Capacitor 4.7 PTT 8 INCH Loud speaker LED LM380 PINOUT 12V RMS SECONDARY TRANSFORMER MICROPHONE speaker cable CONNECTION WIRE SUM:

2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4

0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.80 9.00 3.60 1.30 0.80 0.50 0.25 40.00 15.00 1.30 3.70 45.00 9.00 0.50 0 .30

1.80 1.80 1.80 3.60 3.60 1.80 1.80 1.80 7.20 18.00 7.20 5.20 3.20 1.00 1.00 80.00 30.00 2.60 7.40 90.00 18.00 1.00 1.20 RM 298.20

System Used

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

This system used up many electronic parts. The main unit has four buttons. In order these are on/off, remote call disable, push to talk, and remote station select. The remote unit has two buttons. In order, these are the call button and the privacy button (which disables the audio and the indicator lamp). Only one of these fancy remotes is supported; the other is just a plain loudspeaker with no call button or indicator lamp feature. The audio system is the record player amplifier and a homemade 1-transistor preamp, which makes the amplifier sensitive enough for an 8-ohm speaker acting as a microphone without a matching transformer. The remaining complexity is the remote call system. It is complex because only three wires go to the remote: ground, audio and signaling. The signaling wire has a negative voltage on it when the system is off. The call button is connected through a diode, to short out this negative voltage when pushed. This powers the system up. The signaling wire then switches to a positive voltage, which lights the indicator lamp through another diode. The rear reed relay performs this switchover. The front reed relay bypasses the ac power switch to turn the system on. A 9v battery is used to bootstrap the whole thing. When the button is pushed, the relay is energized using battery power. But the instant the power supply comes on it takes over, so that current is drawn from the battery only for a tiny fraction of a second. This way the battery lasts forever. The 1-transistor circuit near the transformer is a timer, which energizes the bypass relay for only 10 seconds after powerup. This way, if the system is not turned on via the main power switch, it shuts off again after the timeout. The subassembly of the speaker is a voltage regulator to make the dc powering the remote indicator lamp perfectly clean and hum-free, since it shares a wire with the audio. The sonalert is alternative signaling device, which is used if the system happens to be switched to remote b, and the signaling button is pushed on remote a. In this case,

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

powering the system up would not cause the desired effect, so the sonalert is just beeped. In addition, the indicator lamp on remote a is disabled when remote b is selected. The necessary switch contact for this was improvised using a leaf switch.

Future propose of intercom

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Intercom system is essential system of communication to the gate or door for the purpose for total security and convenience. We propose that new generation of the video intercom that contained the latest technologies like color LCD panels and hands free talking. All this intercom system are easy to install and do not need professional knowledge. This type of hands free video intercom system advanced innovative technology direct to users home or business. The unit is not only convenient to use but also designed to provide an additional measure of security. For any business/commercial applications where access control is concern, the system safeguards your entrance while remaining user family to guests. This series of hands-free color intercom system is able to incorporate with day and night camera to accommodate any lighting environment. The door bell camera operates in color during daylight and black and white in low lighting condition. A built-in infrared provides supplemental lighting to enhance night viewing. With a hands-free intercom system, user can safely identify visitors before answering. Simply by ringing the door bell, the system will transmit the live video and audio directly to the monitor as the user. With the built-in memory function, each picture is date and time is stamped to show the user who was at your door even the user is not at home. Future intercom system will concentrate at the wireless system that provided convenience and easy for the users.

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

Phone intercom system is an ideal and future intercom system for the existing homes. The phone intercom system provides phone to phone communication as well phone to entrance communication by using the existing telephones. Dial a simple 3 digit extension and transfer an incoming call, alert family member, safety guards and etc. There can be several communication options, call each phone individually, by zone, or do an all calls. The door stations can be accessed to monitor a noise or communicate with visitor at the front door and other entrance. With the door bell connected to the phones system, a distinctive will be heard at all of the desired phone system.

Conclusions

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BEKG 1113: PRINSIP ELEKTRIK DAN ELECTRONIC

An intercom is an electronic communication system within a building or group of building. Intercoms in larger buildings often function as public address system, capable of broadcasting announcement. Intercom system can also be found on passenger and rapid transit train. Intercom systems, by definition, may be comprised of many different types of intercoms and subsystems. Simple two stations wired intercom system can be used as an intercom and door phone. This most basic intercom circuit is linked to each other with a push to talk (PTT) switch. These kinds of circuits are simple and generally consist of only one or two amplifiers and generally use the speaker as normal speaker and microphone. Depending on the circuit design there could be one PTT switch on one end, or separate the button on both stations. You can use this intercom system from your house to house gate/door to screen visitors to your house. At last, intercom system is very important for the security of the business or commercial. And new technologies will applied in the new generation of the intercom system to improved the convenience while also the standard of the security for the family. After this technical report was written, students are able to understand the basic theory of Principles of Electrical & Electronics. The cooperation between the group members plays an important role during completing this technical report on time. Hence it is important divide the job among the group members.