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Sentence Pattern in English (fundamentos de la estructura bsica del Ingls)Lesson 1 (Basic)

Hablaremos de :

- Nouns / Subjects / adjectives / verbs / adverbs / complement / modifiers

Nouns : (sustantivos) Names a person, place, thing or idea (Nombra a una persona, lugar, cosa, o idea) Examples: John, love, world, picture, Madrid Subject: (Sujeto) It is the person, place, thing or idea (a noun) that does the action of a sentence and it goes before the verb. (Es el sustantivo que realiza la accion de la oracion) Examples of Subjects:

- George likes boats (George and boats are nouns but George is the subject) - The weather was horrible yesterday. - The bank closed early.
Verb (verbo) It shows the action of the subject. Every sentence must have a verb. (Hace la accin del sujeto y toda oracion necesita de un verbo) Examples:

- My wife went to France. - We have studied English all night. - I am writing a letter. - She works for IBM company.

Adjective (adjetivo): Describes a noun (califica a un sustantivo) - Examples : Blue house , old man, interesting book, pretty woman etc Adverb (adverbio): Describes the verb or adjective. (califica al verbo o adjetivo) Examples: He walks slowly / He studies quietly (muchas veces acaba en -ly)

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Complement: It completes the verb and it is usually a noun or noun phrase. Every sentence does not require a complement. The complement answers the question what? or whom? (Es el complemento del verbo y no es requerido tenerlo en toda oracin).

Modifiers: Tells about the time, place or manner of the action. (Hable del tiempo, lugar y manera de accion del verbo) Verb ate studied Complement a pizza english Modifier last week last night

Subject John and I We

Pronouns and the verb (to be) in the present simple tense (Lesson 2)
oday we will talk about PRONOUNS and the verb (to be). It is important to understand perfectly these topics because it will help us in the future to understand other more complex structures. Gracias por su visita y espero esta pagina siga creciendo. En esta clase hablaremos de los pronombres de sujeto y el verbo to be. Esto es fundamental puesto que nos ayudara a comprender mas adelante estructuras mas avanzadas. A continuacin la clase:Pronouns : Singular: I , You, He, She It Plural: We you they Verb to be (in the present form): am/is/are Table # 1 (Positive form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions Subject Pronouns 1St 2nd 3rd I you He/She/It Verb (To be) am are Is PLURAL 1st We are were Im youre hes / shes / its Contraction

2nd 3rd

You They

you re theyre

Table 2 : (Negative form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions Subject Pronouns 1St 2nd 3rd I you He/She/It Verb (To be) am + not are + not is + not Im not youre not / you arent hes / shes / its + not or he/she/it + isnt PLURAL 1st 2nd 3rd Table # 3 (Questions) Verb (to be) 1St 2nd 3rd Am Are Is Subject Pronoun I you he/she/it PLURAL 1st 2nd 3rd Are we you they ready? at home tired? Complement (optional) a good student? married? your friend? We You They Are +not were not / we arent you re not / you arent theyre not / they arent Contraction

Table 4: Short answers (Yes and no answers)

Positive 1St 3rd Yes, I am 2nd Yes, you are Yes, he is

Negative No. Im not No, you arent No, he isnt / No, hes not No, she isnt / No, shes not No, it isnt/ No, its not PLURAL

st

Yes, we are

No, were not / No, we arent No, youre not / No, you arent No, theyre not / No, they arent

2nd Yes, you are 3rd Yes, they are

Observaciones:

Recuerden que en ingles siempre deben poner el Sujeto. En una oracin positiva o negativa debern seguir la formula (SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT) en donde el complement es opcional.

Ejemplo : - Es bonita - Is pretty (INCORRECTO) > No hay sujeto y en el ingles es necesario - She is pretty (Correcto)

No se enamoren del verbo to be. Solo quiere decir ser o estar. Algunos creen que siempre lo deben poner pero depende de que accin haga el sujeto.

Ejemplo - Juega futbol. - He is play futbol (ERROR) > el sujeto no hace 2 acciones a la vez. - He plays football (CORRECTO) Es decir, el sujeto puede hacer distintas acciones y el verbo to be solo es para expresar acciones de ser o estar. En otras lecciones aprenderemos como hacer oraciones con otros verbos Algunos ejercicios de Grammar in Use Basic

Respuestas (Thanks to Dinorn from Mxico)

Question words with the verb to be, preguntas con el verbo to be (LESSON 3)
LECCION 3: Verb to be with question words: In this class we will talk about question words and how we can use them with the verb to be in the present tense. En esta clase vamos a hablar de los questions words y de como podemos usarlos correctamente con los verbos to be Question words are those words that may go in the beginning of a question. When we use question words we do not use a yes or no answer. Los questions words son las palabras especficas que se deben colocar al inicio de la frase pregunta en ingls. Cuando se utilizan estos no se responde con las respuestas cortas si o no (Yes, I am por ejemplo) Se responde con una oracin completa ( S+V+C). Ejemplo : Whats your name? Im David Taylor. (The answer is a sentence) With no question word: Are you Maria? No, Im not (The answer is a yes/no because there isnt a question word) Question words are used to gather specific information. The following table shows the meaning of the question words in Spanish. Table # 1 Question words (verb to be practice) English Where Why Who What / (time) Which How long How often Spanish Donde Por que Quien Que / Cual (a que hora) Que / Cual Por cuanto tiempo / para medidas Con que frecuencia

Whose How many/much How old How How + adjetivo How come

De quien Cuantos Edad Como Descripciones Como asi

Table # 2 (Question structure of the verb to be in the present simple with QWs) Question Word What How old Where Who Verb (to be) is are is is Subject (your) name? you? Juan (the) present Complement [no complement] [no complement] from? for?

Remember: In questions with the verb to be, only the question words can go in the beginning. Nothing may go in front of the question words in full questions. De donde eres? -> Lo lgico seria : From where are you? (INCORRECTO) Recuerden que si algo va en su idioma antes del QW entonces lo mandamos al final en el complemento. Correcto: Where are you from? (QW goes first) Typical questions with the above properties: What is this for? (Para que es esto?) Who are the books for ? (Para quien son los libros?) What is the movie about? (De que se trata la pelcula?) Preguntas importantes con sus respuestas para aprender: Where are you from? Im from Australia Whats (what + is) your address? Its 876 Snow Road. Whats your nationality? Im Peruvian. Whose pencil is this? It is my pencil (Whose = de quien y va antes del sustantivo) How old is Marcus? Hes twenty years old. Why are you sad? Because I am sick. How are you? Im fine, thank you.

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Ejercicios Gracias a Basic Grammar in use:

______________________________________________________________________________ _____________

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Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives, articles a/an and plural nouns (LECCION 4)

1) Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives: Singular This That Plural These Those Distance Close to the speaker Far from the speaker

Demonstrative Pronouns: substitute nouns that are understood in context and indicate if they are replacing singular or plural nouns and give the location of the object.

Examples: Whats that? (that se refiere a algo en singular y que se encuentra alejado de la persona) - That is a book. (That es el sujeto pues va antes del verbo to be) En estos casos son Demonstrative Pronouns pues renombran a un sustantivo (noun)

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Demonstrative Adjectives: these describe nouns and there position. In this case, you need to put a noun after the demonstrative adjectives.

Examples: Whose is this umbrella? (el sustantivo es umbrella y this esta describiendo la localizacin) - That umbrella is Juans. (De igual forma that describa la localizacion de el paragua pero umbrella es el sujeto y sustantivo) En ingles es mas simple que en espaol asi que recomiendo aprender la estructura sin necesidad de traducir pues en espanol hay mas reglas. 2) Article (a/an)

Como vemos a/an se utiliza para decir un pero a va antes de consonantes y an antes de vocales o sonidos de vocales. (En pre-intermedio veremos las reglas de cuando usar a/an) Ejemplos Whats that? This is my book What are those? These are cookies. Whats this? Thats your pen What are these? Those are guitars. Whats that? Its a book. What are those? They are computers. * Tambien se puede usar para personas: Whos that? Thats Joe. Who are those? They are my friends (Those are my friends)

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Ejercicios:

3) How to make plural nouns (como formar la forma plural de los sustantivos)

Es cuestion de practicar y de seguir las reglas. En cuanto a las formas irregulares, se les llama asi pues no hay regla para formar el plural. Ejercicios / Exercises

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Prepositions of place on in at, Preposiciones de lugar en ingles (on in at) LECCION 9

En esta leccin veremos como utilizar la preposicin en (on, in, at) en el idioma ingles. Recuerden de participar con sus comentarios, email o manden un archivo mp3.
Preposition of place (at, on, in)

Part 1: Uses of at, in, and on

In: We use in to specify that a noun (object, person etc) is inside.

Figura #1: Examples: - Where is your father? Hes in the kitchen. - Who is in the room? - Brian was swimming in the ocean.

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- Bogota is in Colombia. * IN es usado para decir y explicar que un objeto, animal o persona se encuentra dentro de un lugar, objeto o sitio.

At: We use at to refer to a general location.

Figura # 2 Examples: - Maria is at the window talking on the phone. - Juan is at the table with his girlfriend. - Please read the paragraph at the top of the page. - The restaurant is at the end of German Avenue. *AT: es usado para explicar que un objeto animal o persona se encuentra en el sitio de forma general. Es decir, si uno quiere decir: Mi padre esta en la puerta uno no puede utilizar in puesto que in es usado para decir que algo se encuentra dentro de otro y una persona no puede estar dentro de una puerta. Es por eso que en estos casos uno habla de forma general. Por ende seria de la forma siguiente: My father is at the door.

On: We use on when we want to say that an object or person is on the surface of another object.

Figura #3:

Examples: - Your books are on the shelf. - Dont put your hands on my head. - There is an orange on the table.

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We always say : on a horse, on a bike (bicycle) , on a motorcycle and we usually say on a plane. *ON:Es usado para explicar que un objeto esta sobre la superficie de otro.
Lets Practice !!! (Part 1)

Figura 4:

Part 2 rules to use (at, in, on)

- Reglas para usar (at, in, on). En los siguientes cuadros vemos frases comunes que van con at, in y on.

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Lets Practice !!! Figure 5:

Homework Tarea

Parte 1: Uso de (in on at) Write the correct preposition (on in at)

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Parte 2: Reglas (in on at) Write the correct preposition (on in at)

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Simple present positive form La forma positiva de el presente simple en ingles (LECCION 10a-grammar)
Welcome to lesson 10a (1st of two parts) where we will talk about the present simple tense with other verbs that are not the verb to be. We are going to look at the structure and the use of the simple present tense.The present simple tense (with verbs that are not TO BE)

Structure / form:

The forms (or conjugations) of the present simple tense are two. Remember that with the verb to be there are three forms (am, is, are). To form the present simple conjugations we first need to have the verb. In this example we will use the verb to play. Verb to play One conjugation is formed by eliminating the to > play The other conjugation is formed by adding s or es. >plays So you can now form the conjugations of any verb in the present simple! - to work: work / works - to study: study / studies - to watch : watch / watches - to bring : bring / brings - to get : get / gets - to dance: dance / dances
Note : With the verb to have the conjugations are > have / has (NOT haves)

Now we learned to conjugate and form the verbs. Lets learn what pronouns go with the correct form. He / she / it > with the s form (plays) I / you / we / you / they -> normal form without the to (play)
*Como vemos, en el present simple existen solo dos conjugaciones con los verbos que no son to be (con los to be son tres conjugaciones : am, is, are). Estas dos conjugaciones son formadas muy fcilmente. Una es formada con solo quitarl e el to (play) y la otra forma es agregndole la letra s o es. Cuando comparamos con el espaol vemos que esto es mas sencillo puesto que con el verbo jugar las conjugaciones son: juego, ju egas, juega, jugamos, jugis, y juegan. Entonces si hablan el espaol el ingles vanlo como algo mas simple y sencillo. Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense

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Use (uso del presente simple)

Now that we know the structure/form it is IMPORTANT to understand when we use the simple present. This will help us talk and participate in conversations. Without knowing the use, we will have problems expressing ourselves. We use present simple in the following situations: - To express habits and routines. Juan plays football on Saturday. I go to work everyday at 8:00 am. - General, mathematical and scientific truths: English people drink a lot of tea Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. NOTE: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS NOT USED TO DESCRIBE SITUATIONS THAT ARE HAPPENNING AT THE MOMENT (NOW) **La forma y estructura es importante pero es indispensable saber el uso. Es decir, tenemos que entender cuando y en que situaciones utilizamos el simple present tense. Estas es la nica forma de empezar a pensar en ingles. Cuantas veces me encuentro con alumnos que saben rellenar un examen pero no saben hablar. Esto es porque no prestan atencin al uso. El uso les permitir usar el tiempo correcto en la situacin correcta y les ayudara a tener conversaciones fluidas. Olvdense de traducciones antes de hablar ingles. Esto les traer problemas y les har hablar lento. Simplemente piensen y practiquen el uso de los tiempos.

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Como vemos usamos el tiempo present simple cuando queremos expresar, rutinas, hbitos, y verdades generales, matemticas cientficas. NO SE UTILIZA EL PRESENT SIMPLE PARA EXPRESAR UNA ACCION QUE ESTA SUCEDIENDO EN EL MOMENTO: Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense Common errors: Remember that when we use other verbs we DO NOT use the verb to be: - Im have two sisters (INCORRECT) I have two sisters (Correct) - She is plays in the park (INCORRECT) She plays in the park (Correct)
*Recuerden de no usar el verbo to be cuando quieran expresar otra accin. I va con am solo cuando ustedes quieran decir estoy o soy. SI quieren decir: Yo juego, no es posible decir I am play puesto que estn diciendo que yo soy/estoy jugar.

Figure # 2: Lets practice

Figure # 3 (Look at the pictures and practice)

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HOMEWORK

The Present Simple, forma negativa y preguntas interrogativa- Question and negative form (LECCION 10b)
Este es la segunda parte de la leccin 10 que es llamada leccin 10b. En la primera leccin (10a) vimos la forma positiva de los verbos que no son to be y aprendimos como conjugarlos. Ahora veremos y estudiaremos juntos la forma negativa y de pregunta.

The Simple Present tense

Negative form

The structure of the negative structure is formed by adding the auxiliaries do or does plus the negation not Do + not > dont Does + not > doesnt

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These auxiliaries are used TO HELP you. When you use the auxiliary the verb is always in its simple. Remember: In positive we had 2 conjugations for every verb (not to be) - play/plays , work/works, study/studies, watch/watches, etc The conjugation is simple: HE / SHE / IT - with the s form and I / WE / YOU / THEY simple form Examples: My brother works for IBM. My parents live in Paris. IN THE NEGATIVE FORM THE AUXILIARY CHANGES FORM AND NOT THE VERB. He / she / it + doesnt + verb (simple form) I / We / You / They + dont + verb (simple form) Figura #1:

Lets Practice

Nota del profesor:Como vemos, lo que se conjuga en la forma negativa es el auxiliar y no el verbo. Es decir, uno va elejir entre dont y el doesnt pero el verbo SIEMPRE estara en su forma simple (sin la terminacin s)

Question form
The question structure is formed by following the following structure Question word + [do / does + SUBJECT + Verb (simple form)] + Complement

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We use the auxiliaries do and does in the question form and they have to agree with the subject The conjugation is the following: Does > he/she/it Do -> I/we/you/they The verb ALWAYS stays in the simple form (not with the s form)
Short Answers

Las respuestas cortas son con los auxiliares do y does con la forma positiva y dont y doesnt con la forma negativa. La respuesta corta se refiere a cuando responde solo si o no. Do you study English for free in InglesTotal? -> Yes, I do Yes, (I, you, we, you, they) do. No, ( (I, you, we, you, they) dont. Yes, (he,she,it does)- No, (he,she,it )doesnt Figura #2

Figura #3

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Lets Practice

Conclusion:

The auxiliaries appear in the negative and question form with the verbs that are not to be. Example: (+) Juan plays soccer. (-) He doesnt play soccer. (?) Does he play soccer? *VERB TO BE (NO AUXILIARIES!!!) (+) She is a teacher (-) She isnt a teacher. (?) Is she a teacher? Nota: Recuerden que cuando usen el verbo to be (es decir cualquier conjugacion de ser o estar en el presente) no se usan los auxiliares puesto que estos se usan solo con los demas verbos y en negativo y en pregunta)

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Tarea / Homework
I) Cambie las oraciones de formpositiva a forma negativa

II) Escriba la forma de pregintas de las siguientes oraciones

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III) Llene los vacios con la forma correcta de los auxiliares.