Solar Refrigerator: Speaker Professor and Energy Technology Consultant

SOLAR REFRIGERATOR
CUM
WATER HEATER
Speaker: Milind V RANE Professor and Energy Technology Consultant Co-Author: Solomon T TEFERI Heat Pump Laboratory (HPL_IITB) Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400 076 INDIA
Presented by Solomon T T on 12/12/2007 at IIT Bombay Saved as D:Student\PhD\STT\Prog\Pre\ SR_WH_ICAER 2007\Presentation on 12/12/2007
Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 1 of 15
OUTLINE
Introduction and Need
OF THE
PRESENTATION
for Solar Refrigerator cum Water Heater (SR_WH) Activate Carbon / Ammonia Adsorption Refrigeration System
Literature Review
Simple solar adsorption refrigeration system Solar adsorption refrigeration systems with heat recovery
Schematic of Test Setup Design Parameters Simulation and Optimization Test Results and Discussion Conclusions
SIMPLE SOLAR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR

Review of Literature
Comparison of Sorption Refrigeration Systems (Pons, 1999)

Absorption systems Adsorption systems give better COP better for small capacity, less control, easy fabrication
Main Components of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration Systems

Solar collector, adsorber/generator module/s, condenser and evaporator
Commercial Units of Solar Adsorption Refrigerators (Alghoul et al, 2007)

Activated carbon/methanol system manufactured by BLM Co France The unit price of the 5.5 kg ice maker is US $ 1500, 30% more than the conventional vapour compression system Zeolite/water system manufactured by Zeopower Co. of USA

Review of Literature
Advantage of Solar Adsorption Refrigerators

Energy saving using solar energy Environmental Friendly: based on natural refrigerants: H2O, NH3, Methanol, CO2 Low maintenance cost Simple to fabricate and operate
Drawback of Solar Adsorption Refrigerators

Low COP: high thermal mass, poor thermal conductivity of the adsorbent Smaller Specific Cooling Power: larger cycle time Intermitted Cycle: cooling effect occurs only during adsorption process

p-T-x Chart
-50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230
0. 27 2
0. 25
21
19
17
13
11
07
0. 23
0.
0.
0.
15
0.
0.
09
0.
18 16 14 12 10 8
0.
0.
0.
05
g.i
Generation ( Desorption)
g.o
18 16 14 12 10 8
xo
Pressure, bar
ea ti
ng
Pr eH
oo lin
SC A
Pr eC
COND
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 2 1.8
1.6
a.o
Adsorption
a.i
EVAP
1.4 1.2 1
Temperature, C
SOLAR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR

with Heat Recovery
Performance Is Improved Using

Suitable adsorbent/adsorbate pairs Optimum cycle with respect to operating conditions Enhancing mass and heat transfer Reducing cycle time Mass Recovery with Pressure Equalization Increases the cooling COP mostly by 10% (Qu, 2002)
Regeneration
COP 1.2 and SCP 300 W/kg of AC (Rane and Pabla, 1998) COP 0.4 and SCP 290 W/kg of AC for mobile air conditioning system (Critoph et al., 2007) COP 1.35 and SCP 380 W/kg of AC for gas fired heat pump (Critoph et al., 2007) Convective Thermal Wave
SCHAMATIC DIAGRAM
Solar Refrigerator cum Water Heater
EXPERMENTAL SET UP
Solar Collector and Adsorber (SC + A)
NH3 Line Water Lines
NH3 Line Evaporator
Condenser Temperature Indicator
+ Cold Room
Condenser Reservoir
Hot Water Tank
NH3 Valve
NH3 Line
SOLAR REFRIGERATOR
CUM
WATER HEATER
Features and Design Parameters

Features Solar Energy Heated Activated Carbon Bed Tap Water Preheating using Condenser Heat Hot Water heating using Hot Module Heat Zero Operating Cost Environment Friendly Design Parameters
Up to 180 C 36 C Average 50 C
Refrigeration Capacity, Qe Evaporator Temperature, Te Condenser Water Inlet Temperature, Tcw.i Concentration Ration, CR Solar Irradiation, It Temperature at Generator Outlet, Tg.o Temperature at Adsorber Outlet, Ta.o
160 W -10 C 28 C 2.1 750 W/m2 180 C 52 C
VARIATION
10 100 0.25 -30.00 50 -25.00
OF
PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
-15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 2000 15 2
with Evaporator Temperature, te

-20.00 tc = 39 C tg.o = 180 C toperating = 8 h lm = 2 m 8 80 0.2 40 ta.o = 52 C CR =3.2
COP c
P SC
ncyc
1800
1600
12
1.6
1400
60
0.15 COP
30 SCP, W/kg
1200 Qe,Qsc , W
9 wtac , kg 6 3 0
1.2
tcyc, min
QSC
1000
40
0.1
20
800
0.8
600
20
0.05
10 Qe
400
0.4
200
0 -30 -25 -20 -15 te ,C -10 -5 0
Te Te
pe , xa.o, dx, SCP, wtac , COP Governed by Application, -10 C for Ice
N.B: Change in mass of AC leads to a change in the number of modules/EGT

wtnh3.g
n cyc
VARIATION
25 10 110 0.25 50
COP c
OF
35
40 45 50 55 2000 te = -10 C tg.o = 180 C toperating = 8 h lm = 2 m ta.o = 52 C CR =3.2 15 2
with Condenser Temperature, tc

30
1800
SC P
8 90
0.2
40
1600
12
1.6
ncyc
1400
0.15 COP
30 SCP, W/kg
Q SC
1200 Qe.Qsc, W
9 wtac , kg 6 3 0
1.2
70
1000
tcyc
800
tcyc, min
0.1
20
0.8
600 50 2 0.05 10 Qe 200 400 0.4
30
0 25 30 35
Tc Tc
pc , xg.o , dx , SCP , wtac , COP Governed by Cooling Media and Application, 39 C

40 tc , C
45
50
55
wtnh3.g
n cyc
VARIATION
10 100 0.25 140 50 160
OF
180 200 220 240 2000 10 2
with Generator Outlet Temperature, Tg.o

1800
COP c
SCP ncy t c yc
1.8
80
0.2
40
1600
1.6
1400
c
1.4
60
0.15 COP
30 SCP, W/kg
1200 Qe, Qsc ,W
6 wtac , kg
1.2
SC
1000
40
0.1
20
800
0.8
tcyc, min
600 te = -10C tc = 39 C ta.o = 52C toperating = 8 h lm = 2 m CR =3.2 0.05 10 Qe 400
0.6
20
0.4
200
0.2
0 140
160
180 te , C
200
220
0 240
Tg.o up to 221 C dx, SCP, wtac , COP Tg.o beyond 221 C dx, SCP, wtac, COP Less amount of ammonia desorbed per unit rise in temperature Most of the heat goes into sensible heating of the thermal mass
wtnh3.g
n cyc
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
p-T-x Chart, Data Dated 27/05/2007
-50 18 16 14 12 10 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 18 16 14 12 10
0. 25
0. 21
0. 23
0. 17
0. 19
0.2 72
0. 15
0. 11
0. 0
xo =
0. 1
0. 0
Pressure, bar
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70
Cycle No 1 2 3 4
Symbol
Cycle Starting time
Heating Time min 270 70 65 75
Cooling Time min 35 30 35 30
Cycle Time min 305 100 100 105

2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1
""" &&& *** ,,,
6:00 am 11:30 am 12: 55 pm 2:40 pm
90
110
130
150
170
190
210
230
Temperature, C
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Evaporator and Cabin Temperature Vs Time, Data Dated 27/05/2007
6.00 60 55 50 45 40 35 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 60 55 50 45 40 35
te
tm.sur,tamb C 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 6.00
tair.cab
25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00 Time, h
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
tm.sur,tamb C
30
30
CONCLUSION
Designing and Testing of 160 W Cooling Capacity Solar Refrigerator cum Water Heater
Designed with evacuated glass tube of size 70 mm outer glass tube outer diameter Tested with evacuated glass tube of size 57 mm outer glass tube outer diameter
Experimental Results for Data Dated on 27/05/2007, between 6:00 am and 4:30 pm
Cycle time / number of cycle Evaporator temperature Cycle COP, solar COP and SCP Hot water capacity / bulk temperature 6:00 am to 4:30 pm / 70 to 75 min -7 C 0.11 to 0.15 / 0.054 to 0.072 8.5 to 28.5 W/kg of activated carbon over 120 l per day / 50 to 55 C
The Unit is Economically Viable

Generating two utilities together, reducing the pay back period by half Environmental Friendly Using solar energy, using natural refrigerant

Solar Refrigerator: Speaker Professor and Energy Technology Consultant

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SOLAR REFRIGERATOR

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 1 of 15

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 2 of 15

SIMPLE SOLAR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR

Comparison of Sorption Refrigeration Systems (Pons, 1999)

Main Components of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration Systems

Commercial Units of Solar Adsorption Refrigerators (Alghoul et al, 2007)

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 3 of 15

SIMPLE SOLAR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR

Advantage of Solar Adsorption Refrigerators

Drawback of Solar Adsorption Refrigerators

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 4 of 15

SIMPLE SOLAR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 5 of 15

SOLAR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR

Performance Is Improved Using

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 6 of 15

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 7 of 15

NH3 Line Water Lines

NH3 Line Evaporator

Condenser Temperature Indicator

Hot Water Tank

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 8 of 15

Features and Design Parameters

160 W -10 C 28 C 2.1 750 W/m2 180 C 52 C

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 9 of 15

with Evaporator Temperature, te

0 -30 -25 -20 -15 te ,C -10 -5 0

N.B: Change in mass of AC leads to a change in the number of modules/EGT

with Condenser Temperature, tc

600 50 2 0.05 10 Qe 200 400 0.4

pc , xg.o , dx , SCP , wtac , COP Governed by Cooling Media and Application, 39 C

with Generator Outlet Temperature, Tg.o

1200 Qe, Qsc ,W

600 te = -10C tc = 39 C ta.o = 52C toperating = 8 h lm = 2 m CR =3.2 0.05 10 Qe 400

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 12 of 15

2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70

Cycle Starting time

Heating Time min 270 70 65 75

Cooling Time min 35 30 35 30

Cycle Time min 305 100 100 105

""" &&& *** ,,,

6:00 am 11:30 am 12: 55 pm 2:40 pm

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 13 of 15

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 14 of 15

The Unit is Economically Viable

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 15 of 15

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