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Visionary: Visionario Be aware of: Estar preocupado de/Ser consciente de Escapist: Escapista (Que vive pensando en un mundo lejano a la realidad, poco inters por lo que sucede) Generation: Generacion Activist: Activista Carry on a tradition: Continuar una tradicion Issues: Problemas Motivated: Motivado Tradition: Tradicion Circumstances: Circunstancias Apathetic: Apatico Grammar: Modals and Phrasal Modals Esta parte del grammar nos indica los verbos exactos que deben ser usados para dar a entender habilidad, dar un permiso, necesidad, ausencia de necesidad o un consejo. Habilidad: Present: -Can (I can speak English) -Am/is/are able to (I am able to speak English) Past: -Could (I could swim when I was ten years old) -Was/were able to (I was able to swim when I was ten years old) Permitir algo/ Dar un permiso: Present: -Can/May (You can smoke here-You cant smoke here/ You may smoke here-You may not smoke here) -Am/is/are permitted to (You are permitted to drink alcohol-You arent permitted to drink alcohol) -Am/is/are allowed to (You are allowed to copy in the exam-You arent allowed to copy in the exam) Past: -Could (You could drink alcohol in a park last year/ You couldnt drink alcohol in a park last year) -Was/were permitted to (You were permitted to drive without a driver license/You werent permitted to drive without a driver license) -Was/were allowed to (You were allowed to sleep with your parents when you was a kid/ You werent allowed to sleep with your parents when you was a kid) Necesidad: Present: -Must (I must study if I want to pass my exam) -Have to (I have to stop drinking to have a healthy life)
-Am/is/are required to (I am required to finish my homework to go out with my friends) Past: -Must no tiene expresion en pasado -Had to (I had to listen my teacher when I was in school) -Was/Were required to (I was required to teach my son when he was a child) Ausencia de Necesidad: Present: -Dont/doesnt have to (I dont have to do my homework because I did it in my school) Past: -Didnt (I didnt have to learn English when I was a I kid because it is my natural language) Dar un consejo: Present: -Should (You should take a vacation, you look so tired) -Shouldnt (You shouldnt go out tonight, it is raining) Past: -Should have (You should have listened to your mother yesterday, now is too late) -Shouldnt have (You shouldnt have traveled to Cuzco during winter, now you are suffering because of the rain)
Grammar: Modals of speculation about the past En esta parte utilizaremos algunos de los modals y phrasal modals aprendidos en la unidad anterior para hacer especulaciones acerca del pasado. Could have (I could/couldnt have died in a accident yesterday Pude/No pude haber muerto) May have (He may/may not have worked in the police department El pudo/no pudo haber trabajado) Might have (He might/might not have played with her feelings for money El podria/no podria haber jugado) Must have (She must/must not have read my book if she wanted to understand it Ella debio/no debio haber leido mi libro)
Los transitive verbs son aquellos que toman algn objeto, por ejemplo: Lay off some staff: Despedir algunos miembros del personal Come up with ideas: Proponer ideas Los intransitive verbs son aquellos que no toman objetos: Going under: Im going under: Me estoy hundiendo Give up: I give up: Me rindo