Capacitive And Resistive Touch Systems

A Seminar Report Submitted in partial fulfillment for the Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science Submitted to

Rajasthan Technical University, Kota (Raj.) Submitted By Pawan Khandelwal 08EARCS067 Under the supervision of Seminar Coordinator: Mr. Amit Verma Asstt. Professor.

Session: 2011-2012

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Arya College of Engineering & Information Technology SP-42, RIICO Industrial Area, Kukas, Jaipur-302028

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar entitled

Capacitive And Resistive Touch Sysytems has been successfully completed

By Pawan Khandelwal Under the guidance of Seminar Coordinator: Mr. Amit Verma Asstt. Professor.

During the academic year ( 2011/2012) This seminar presentation is carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of 8th semester in

Bachelor OF Computer Science

(Mr. Amit Verma)

Seminar Coordinator

(Prof. Akhil Panday) Head of the department, Btech

ACKNOLEDGEMENT
Seminar is method by which various aspects of professional life as well as the attitude of a presenter is measured. Its an experience of success to present a seminar with requirements which can not be attained by oneself but with a group of kind hearts behind. At the outset, I am thankful to the almighty for sustained blessing through my entire seminar. I express deep gratitude to our H.O.D of B.Tech, Prof. Vishal Srivastava for granting me a chance to present the seminar. I am also grateful to Mr. Amit Verma for being there and guiding me to complete the seminar successfully. Last but not the least I would like to thank the faculty members and my batch mates for their support and encouragement.

Place: Arya College Date: 24/02/2012

Pawan Khandelwal B.tech 8th Semester College Roll No: 64

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Contents Introduction to Seminar Literature Survey Existing work on Touch Systems Proposed work Conclusion Future Enhancement References (Bibliography)

Page no. 5 5 7 7 8 8 8

Introduction:

A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger or hand. Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus. Touchscreens are common in devices such as game consoles, all-in-one computers, tablet computers, and smartphones . The touchscreen has two main attributes. First, it enables one to interact directly with what is displayed, rather than indirectly with a pointer controlled by a mouse or touchpad. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device that would need to be held in the hand (other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern touchscreens). Such displays can be attached to computers, or to networks as terminals. They also play a prominent role in the design of digital appliances such as the personal digital assistant (PDA), satellite navigation devices, mobile phones, and video games. The first touch screen was a capacitive touch screen developed by E.A. Johnson at the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, UK. The inventor briefly described his work in a short article published in 1965 and then more fully - along with photographs and diagrams - in an article published in 1967. A description of the applicability of the touch technology for air traffic control was described in an article published in 1968. Touch screens are popular in the hospitality field, and in heavy industry, as well as kiosks such as museum displays or room automation, where keyboard and mouse systems do not allow a suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with the display's content.

Literature Survey:
Resistive: A resistive touch screen panel comprises several layers, the most important of which are two thin, transparent electrically-resistive layers separated by a thin space.

Resistive touch system These layers face each other, with a thin gap between. One resistive layer is a coating on the underside of the top surface of the screen. Just beneath it is a similar resistive layer on top of its substrate. One layer has conductive connections along its sides, the other along top and bottom. Capacitive: A capacitive touch screen panel consists of an insulator such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO).

As the human body is also an electrical conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of the screen's electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Different technologies may be used to determine the location of the touch.The location is then sent to the controller for processing. Unlike a resistive touch screen, one cannot use a capacitive touch screen through most types of electrically insulating material, such as gloves; one requires a special capacitive stylus, or a special-application glove with an embroidered patch of conductive thread passing through it and contacting the user's fingertip. This disadvantage especially affects usability in consumer electronics, such as touch tablet PCs and capacitive smart phones in cold weather.

Existing work on Touch Systems:

Touch screens have subsequently become familiar in everyday life. Companies use touch screens for kiosk systems in retail and tourist settings, point of sale systems, ATMs, and PDAs, where a stylus is sometimes used to manipulate the GUI and to enter data. The popularity of smart phones , tablet computers, portable video game consoles and many types of information appliances is driving the demand and acceptance of common touch screens, for portable and functional electronics. With a display of a simple smooth surface, and direct interaction without any hardware (keyboard or mouse) between the user and content, fewer accessories are required. Resistive touch is used in restaurants, factories and hospitals due to its high resistance to liquids and contaminants. A major benefit of resistive touch technology is its low cost. Disadvantages include the need to press down, and a risk of damage by sharp objects. Resistive touch screens also suffer from poorer contrast, due to having additional reflections from the extra layer of material placed over the screen.

Proposed Work:
To allow people to use touch commands that require multiple fingers, the iPhone uses a new arrangement of existing technology. Its touch-sensitive screen includes a layer of capacitive

material, just like many other touch screens. However, the iPhone's capacitors are arranged according to a coordinate system. Its circuitry can sense changes at each point along the grid. In other words, every point on the grid generates its own signal when touched and relays that signal to the iPhone's processor. This allows the phone to determine the location and movement of simultaneous touches in multiple locations. Because of its reliance on this capacitive material, the iPhone works only if you touch it with your fingertip -- it won't work if you use a stylus or wear non-conductive gloves.

Conclusion and Future Enhancement:

A Capacitive stylus is a special type of stylus that works on capacitive touch screens primarily designed for fingers, as on iPhone and most Android devices. They are different from standard styli designed for resistive touch screens. According to a report by ABI Research, styli are especially needed in China for handwriting recognition because of the nature of its writing system. Resistive touch screen technology works well with almost any stylus-like object, and can also be operated with gloved fingers and bare fingers alike. In some circumstances, this is more desirable than a capacitive touch screen, which has to be operated with a capacitive pointer, such as a bare finger (gloves will not work on capacitive touch screens). The costs are relatively low when compared with active touchscreen technologies. Resistive touchscreen technology can be made to support multi-touch input.

References:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki 2. Shneiderman, B. (1991),Capacitive Vs Resistive touch systems ,"Touch screens now offer compelling uses" ,Page Nos:74-77. 3. Potter, R.; Weldon, L. & Shneiderman, B. (1988). Improving the accuracy of touch screen: An experimental evaluation of three strategies. Page No: 2732.