Group 1 CD10CNTT3 Nhm 1 Lp C10CNTT3 Thnh vin : Nguyn Trng Hiu Nhm Trng Phm Huy Thanh V Cng

ng Danh L Tr Hi Phm Nguyn Thnh Nhn L Thnh Cng V Vn Hiu

nh tuyn ng OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

I. -

Gii thiu tng quan v OSPF OSPF l mt giao thc nh tuyn theo trng thi ng lin kt c trin khai da trn cc chun m. OSPF c m t trong nhiu chun ca IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Chun m y c ngha l OSPF hon ton m vi cng cng, khng c tnh c quyn. OSPF c ch s AD=110, chy trn nn IP, Protocol ID = 89 OSPF l giao thc nh tuyn nhm link-state , thng c trin khai trong cc h thng mng phc tp. Giao thc OSPF t xy dng nhng c ch ring mnh, t m bo nhng quan h ca chnh mnh vi cc router khc. N c th d tm nhanh chng s thay i ca network topology ( cng nh li ca cc interface) v tnh ton li nhng route mi sau chu k hi t.Chu k hi t ca OSPF rt ngn v cng tn rt t lu lng ng truyn. OSPF h tr VLSM( Variable-length subnet masking) v CIDR( Classless Inter-Domain Routing) OSPF dng gii thut SPF tnh tan ng i. Gii thut ny cn c gi l gii thut Dijkstra. OSPF chn ng tt nht t cy SPF. OSPF bo m khng b nh tuyn lp vng. OSPF chn ng da trn chi ph c tnh t tc ca ng truyn.ng truyn c tc cng cao th chi ph OSPF tng ng cng thp Nhc im ca giao thc nh tuyn ny l cn phi c b x l v b nh c nng lc mnh cng nh cc yu cu v phn cng kh cao tnh ton v x l chn ng tt nht. Hot ng ca Router khi tham gia nh tuyn OSPF gm 4 bc : + Bc 1 : Router t bu chn cho mnh 1 gi tr Router ID + Bc 2 : Cc cp Router kt ni trc tip vi nhau thit lp vi nhau mi quan h lng ging + Bc 3: Sau khi thit lp xong mi quan h lng ging th cc Router trong cng 1 vng trao i ton b LSDB + Bc 4 : Dng gii thut Dijstra tnh ton xy dng bng nh tuyn ca mnh
1

Group 1 CD10CNTT3 II. Gi tin trong OSPF 1. ng gi gi tin OSPF - Phn d liu ca 1 thng bo OSPF c ng gi trong 1 gi. Trng d liu ny c th bao gm 1 trong 5 loi bn tin OSPF. - Cc gi tiu OSPF c gi km vi mi gi tin OSPF, bt k loi bn tin no ca OSPF. Cc OSPF header v loi gi d liu c th c gi gn trong gi tin IP. Trong gi header IP, trng giao thc c thit lp bng 89 cho bit l OSPF v a ch ch thc c thit lp l 1 trong 2 a ch multicast 224.0.0.5 hoc 224.0.0.6 -

2. Cc loi gi tin trong OSPF

Group 1 CD10CNTT3

Type 1 2 3

Packet Name

Description Dng thit lp v duy tr mi quan h Hello hng xm vi nhng router k cn Dng chn la router no s c quyn DBD (Database Description ) trao i thng tin trc.Kim tra vic ng b database gia cc router Dng ch nh loi LSA dng trong tin LSR (Link State Request) trnh trao i cc gi tin DBD c dng reply li LSR cng nh thng bo nhng thng tin mi .LSU gm 7 loi LSU (Link State Update) khc nhau ca LSAs(Link State Advertisement). LSAck (Link State Dng bo hiu nhn c gi tin LSU Acknowledge)

Phn loi LSA trong gi tin LSR Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Description Gi qung b trng thi lin kt router Gi bng qu trng thi lin kt mng Gi qung b trng tri lin kt bn ngoi mng Gi qung b trng tri lin kt bn ngoi ASBR Gi qung b trng tri lin kt bn ngoi AS Gi qung b trng tri lin kt bn ngoi ca hi vin nhm LSA bn ngoi NSSA LSA thuc tnh ngoi LSA m ( lin kt phm vi ni ht) LSA m ( phm vi ni vng ) LSA m ( phm vi AS)

Group 1 CD10CNTT3 LSA Type 1: c to ra bi mi Router. LSA ny cha danh sch tt c cc lin kt ca Router cng vi trng thi v chi ph u ra ca mi lin kt. cc LSA ny ch c flood trong vng to ra n. LSA Type 2: c to ra bi cc DR trong cc mng multiaccess. Network LSA cha danh sch tt c cc Router gn vi DR v c BDR. Cc LSA c flood trong vng n to ra. LSA Type 3: c to ra bi cc ABR. Chng c gi vo vng qung co cho cc ch bn ngoi vng . Thc t, cc LSA ny nh mt phng tin m ABR dng ni cho cc Router bn trong vng bit cc ch bn ngoi m ABR c th tip cn c. ABR cng qung co cc ch bn trong vng gn vi n cho cc Router bn trong mng ng trc bng cc LSA ny. LSA Type 4: c to ra bi ABR. N ging ht gi qung b trng thi lin kt bn ngoi mng ngoi tr vic n dng qung co cho cc ch n l ASBR LSA type 5 : c to ra bi cc ASBR. Cc LSA ny dng qung co cho cc ch bn ngoi h thng c lp OSPF hoc cc tuyn mc nh bn ngoi vo h thng c lp OSPF. Gi qung b trng thi lin kt bn ngoi AS l LSA duy nht trong c s d liu khng lin kt vi mt vng no. N c flood thng qua h thng c lo OSPF. LSA Type 6: S dng trong Multicast OSPF ( MOSPF). MOSPF nh tuyn cc gi t mt ngun ti nhiu ch hay mt nhm thnh vin chia s a ch multicast lp D. LSA type 7: c to ra bi cc ASBR trong cc Not-So-Stubby Area ( NSSAs). Gi qung co trng thi lin kt bn ngoi NSSA hu nh ging ht vi ngoi tr vic gi qung b trng thi lin kt bn ngoi NSSA c flood ch trong NSSA to ra n. LSA type 8: c xut chy Internal BGP (iBGP) hp l truyn ti thng tin BGP qua min OSPF. Tuy nhin, n cha c trin khai. LSA m : gm phn Header tiu chun v trng thng tin. Trng thng tin c th s dng cho OSPF hoc bi cc ng dng khc phn phi thng tin qua min OSPF. LSA ny cng cha c trin khai

Group 1 CD10CNTT3 III. Quan h lng ging ( Neighbor relationships) L 1 giao thc Link-state , OSPF thit lp v duy tr mi quan h lng ging trao i thng tin cp nht nh tuyn vi cc router khc. Bng quan h lng ging l 1 bng c s d liu. Router OSPF quyt nh chn router no lm lng ging thn mt l tu thuc vo mng kt ni ca n. Trc khi router OSPF gi trng thi lin kt ca n ti nhng con router khc, n phi quyt nh xem c neighbor no trn cc kt ni ca n hay khng, bng cch gi cc gi tin Hello trn tt c cc interface c enable OSPF. Thng tin trong gi tin Hello bao gm OSPF Router ID ca con router gi gi tin Hello. Nhn 1 gi OSPF Hello trn giao din xc nhn c Router ID ca n trn nhng Router OSPF khc trn lin kt ny. Sau OSPF c thit lp l hng xm gn k

OSPF Hello and Dead Intervals Trc khi 2 con router c th hnh thnh mt OSPF neighbor adjacency, gia chng phi tha 3 gi tr: Hello Interval, Dead Interval v network type. Hello interval: ch ra bao lu th router gi cc gi tin hello tip theo. Mc nh, OSPF Hello packet c gi 10s 1 ln trong multiaccess v point-to-point segments v 30s 1 ln trong nonbroadcast multiaccess(NBMA) segments s dng a ch multicast 224.0.0.5. Dead interval: khong thi gian router ch nhn c gi tin Hello trc khi cho rng neighbor down; thng tin ny cng s c router flood ra tt c cc interface enable OSPF. Mc nh thi gian Dead interval gp 4 ln Hello Interval. Cu trc vng OSPF Trong mng nh, s link t nn ng i n nhng ch c tnh mt cch d dng. Tuy nhin, trong mng ln s lng link ln nn s ng n nhng ch cng ln. V th Dijkstra tnh ton v so snh ng tt nht rt phc tp v mt nhiu thi gian.
5

IV. -

Group 1 CD10CNTT3 Giao thc Link- State thng gim khi lng cng vic m Dijkstra phi tnh ton bng cch chia mng thnh nhiu vng. S lng router trong mt vng v s lng LSA(Link-state Advertisement) c flood trong vng t nn DB ( Database) topology v Link-state cng nh. Do , vic tnh ton ca Dijktra cng d dng v mt t thi gian hn. Hai mc phn cp cho php : Transit Area v Regular Area.

Cu trc vng 1. Transit Area: L mt vng OSPF vi chc nng c bn l hot ng nhanh v hiu qu vi gi IP. Transit Area th kt ni vi cc loi vng OSPF khc. OSPF Area 0 hay vng backbone c nh ngha l Transit Area Backbone Area: y chnh l vng Area 0 v n connect ti tt c cc area khc cn li, nu mt area no mun ni ti Area 0 nhng khng ni trc tip c th lc ta phi to virtual link cho Area ny. 2. Regular Area : L mt vng OSPF vi chc nng c bn l kt ni cc user v cc ngun ti nguyn. Regular Area thng thit lp mt di cc chc nng hoc nhng nhm thuc v a l. Mc nh, mt regular area khng cho php lu lng t cc vng khc s dng cc link ca n kt ni ra cc vng khc. Tt c cc lu lng t cc are khc phi c chuyn thng qua vng area 0. Mt vng m khng cho php lng c truyn qua n th c gi l regular are v n c cc dng nh: standard are, stub are, totally stubby are, not-so stubby area(NSSA). 2.1 Stub Area:

Group 1 CD10CNTT3

Mt vng stub c to ra khi ABR kt ni n mt khu vc stub ngn chn khng cho AS (autonomous system) external LSA trn d liu( flooding) vo trong vng. iu ny c thc hin gim bt kch c ca LSBD( link state Database) duy tr trong mt router. Vic nh tuyn n cc im mng bn ngoi da vo Default Route c to bi ABR. LSDB c duy tr bn trong Stub Area s ch cha Default Route v cc internal route ca Stub Area ch nhn c cc ng Inter-Area OSPF (O IA). 2.2 Totally Stubby Area

y c th coi l vng cc oan nht n khng cp nht bt c routing update no, v trong bng routing ca n ch c mt routing ra ngoai duy nht l default route. Do nu internal router mun gi 1 gi tin ra bn ngoi mng n s gi theo ng mc nh qua ABR . ABR ca vng ny s ngn chn khng ch cc LSA bn ngoi AS m cn ngn chn tt c cc Summary LSA ngoi tr cc LSA loi 3 dng qun co tuyn mc nh. Vng ny thch hp cho nhng site xa c t network v cn s gii hn kt ni ra bn ngoi 2.3 Not-So-Stubby Area ( NSSA)

Group 1 CD10CNTT3

V. 1.

2.

3. 4.

VI. -

A.

y l vng c s dng khi kt ni n ISP hoc khi c s redistribute ( phn chia li) gia cc routing protocol khc nhau, vng ny s nhn cc route t bn ngoi di dng type 7 LSA v s chuyn i type 7 LSA ny thnh type 5 LSA qung b vo cc Area khc. Cc loi Router trong OSPF ABR ( Area Border router ) : l mt router kt ni vi 1 hoc nhiu khu vc n khu vc mng backbone. N c coi l 1 thnh vin ca tt c cc khu vc m n c kt ni. ABR lu gi nhiu bn sao LSDB ring bit cho tng vng m n c kt ni trong b nh. ASBR( Area Autonomous System Boundary) : l mt router c dng phn phi cc tuyn ng nhn c n cc cc router khc. N to ra External LSA cho cc a ch bn ngoi v flood cho tt c cc khu vc thng qua ABR. Router trong cc khu vc khc s dng ABR nh l bc k tip truy cp vo a ch bn ngoi. Sau ABR chuyn tip cc gi tin cc ASBR thng bo a ch bn ngoi. Internal Router : l nhng router c mi quan h lng ging OSPF vi cc router khc trong cng 1 khu vc v c cc LSDB ng nht vi nhau. Backbone Router : l nhng router c phm vi trong vng backbone v c t nht mt giao tip kt ni vi area 0. Nhng backbone router duy tr thng tin nh tuyn OSPF s dng quy trnh v thut ton ging nh cc Internal Router OSPF Virtual Link ( ng Lin Kt o) Cc khu vc phn cp 2 tng trong OSPF yu cu tt c cc khu vc u phi kt ni trc tip vo khu vc backbone. Mt lin kt o l mt lin kt cho php vng b phn chia vi cng 0 c kt ni hoc b ngt kt ni s c kt ni vi khu vc 0 thng qua mt Transit Area. Chng ta ch nn s dng nhng tnh nng ca lin kt o trong nhng trng hp cn thit c th , chng hn nh s dng lin kt o cho nhng kt ni tm thi hoc sao lu sau khi b li. Chu k giao thc Hello trong lin kt o l 10s. LSA thng cp nht sau mi 30 pht , LSA hc c thng qua lin kt o c ty chn DoNotAge(DNA), DNA c thip lp cho LSA khng b gii hn thi gian tn ti ca mnh. DNA l cn thit ngn chn qu trnh trn y qu mc trong lin kt o. 1 vi v d v chc nng ca Virtual Link Trong trng hp ny c chc nng kt ni cc Area (Khng kt ni trc tip vi area 0) ti Area 0

Group 1 CD10CNTT3

Area 23 n c Area 0 phi thng qua virtual link nm trong Area 12 B. Mt virtual link reconnect mt phn area 0 thng qua non-backbone area

Cu lnh cu hnh Virtual Link Router(config-router)#area area-id virtual- link router-id Trong : + Area-id : gn mt area-id cho mt khu vc qu cnh trong lin kt o, khu vc ny khng th l Stub Area. + Router-id : router-id ca lng ging trong lin kt o

Group 1 CD10CNTT3 VII. Route Summarization Cc mng c cu hnh nh tuyn vi OSPF c kh nng m rng kch thc mng rt ln mt phn l do qu trnh tng hp ng. Tng hp ng l qu trnh hp nht ca nhiu tuyn ng vo trong mt vng qung b duy nht. Qu trnh tng hp ng rt quan trng bi v n lm gim qu trnh flood ca cc gi LSA, LSDB v kch thc ca bng nh tuyn, gim b nh v s dng CPU trn router C 2 loi ng tng hp l + Internal-Area: c thc hin ti ABR v c p dng cho cc con ng t bn trong mi khu vc, to ra LSA loi 3 v 4. Area range dng hng dn ABR tng hp ng cho mt khu vc c th khi chng i vo mt khu vc khc thng qua vng xng sng. + External( ng m rng) : cc tuyn ng i bn ngoi vo OSPF thng qua con ng phn phi li, cc con ng ny ch c cu hnh trn ASBR to ra LSA loi 4,5. Cu lnh sumary- address dng hng dn cc ASBR tng hp cc ng m rng trc khi chng c php i vo min qung b OSPF Cu lnh cu hnh Routing Summarization Router(config-router)#area area-id range ip-address mask

VIII. -

Tng hp 1 s cu lnh c bn cu hnh OSPF Khi chy OSPF Router(config)#router ospf process-id Router(config)#network a ch ip wildcard-mask area area-id Hiu chnh OSPF + Hiu chnh Router -id Router(config-router)#router- id A.B.C.D ( A.B.C.D l a ch IP)
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Group 1 CD10CNTT3 + Khi ng li tin trnh OSPF Router#clear ip ospf process + Hiu chnh Priority Router(config- if)#ip ospf priority gi tr (0-255) + Hiu chnh Hello /Dead timer : Router(config- if)#ip ospf hello-interval gi tr thi gian (s) Router(config- if)#ip ospf dead-interval gi tr thi gian (s) + Hiu chnh cost Router(config- ip)#ip ospf cost gi tr Xc thc + Router(config- if)#ip ospf authentication [message-degest | null] Router(config- if)#ip ospf authentication-key password Trong : message-degest : ch nh s dng xc thc bng MD5 Null: khng xc thc bng MD5 Kim tra cu hnh Router#show ip route ospf Router#show ip ospf neighbor Router#show ip ospf database Router#show ip ospf interface Router#show ip ospf protocol Cc Bi LABS Bi Lab1 : Thc hin cu hnh OSPF a vng v kim tra cc mng trong 2 vng Area 23 v Area 0 thng nhau hay cha. Sau khi hon tt xong vic cu hnh a vng, ta tip tc dng topology ny demo v nhng vng c bit trong OSPF hiu thm v n TOPOLOGY

IX.

11

Group 1 CD10CNTT3

M t yu c u Thc hin cu hnh c bn nh trong bi lab Cu hnh OSPF a vng Mc tiu Sau khi cu hnh OSPF a vng cc mng mi Area c th lin lc c vi nhau Thc hin cu hnh thm 1 s vng c bit OSPF stub, totally stubby v not-so-stubby areas hiu r thm v n. 3. Thc hin Bc 1 : Cu hnh c bn cc interfaces v cc cng loopbacks nh trong topology 1. 2. R1(config)# interface loopback 1 R1(config- if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/0 R1(config- if)# ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config- if)# clock rate 64000 R1(config- if)# no shutdown R2(config)# interface loopback 2 R2(config- if)# ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/0 R2(config- if)# ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config- if)# no shutdown R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/1 R2(config- if)# ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config- if)# clockrate 64000 R2(config- if)# no shutdown R3(config)# interface loopback 3 R3(config- if)# ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config)# interface loopback 20 R3(config- if)# ip address 172.20.200.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config)# interface serial 0/0/0 R3(config- if)# ip address 10.1.23.3 255.255.255.0 R3(config- if)# no shutdown B2: Cu hnh OSPF a vng cho R1 , R2, R3 R1(config)# router ospf 1 R1(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 R1(config-router)# network 10.1.12.0 R2(config)# router ospf 1
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0.0.0.255 area 0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Group 1 CD10CNTT3

R2(config-router)# network 10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)# network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)# network 10.1.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 23 R3(config)# router R3(config-router)# R3(config-router)# R3(config-router)# ospf 1 network 10.1.23.0 network 10.1.3.0 172.20.200.0

0.0.0.255 area 23 0.0.0.255 area 23 0.0.0.255 area 23

B3: Xem Router 1 v Router 3 hc c mng ca ca mi vng hay cha bng cu lnh show ip route . R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 O 10.1.2.1/32 [110/782] via 10.1.12.2, 00:32:26, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.3.1/32 [110/846] via 10.1.12.2, 00:21:37, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.23.0/24 [110/845] via 10.1.12.2, 00:21:37, Serial0/0/0 172.20.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 172.20.200.1 [110/846] via 10.1.12.2, 00:21:37, Serial0/0/0 R3#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O IA 10.1.1.1/32 [110/846] via 10.1.23.2, 00:22:13, Serial0/0/0
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Group 1 CD10CNTT3

O IA 10.1.2.1/32 [110/782] via 10.1.23.2, 00:22:13, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback3 O IA 10.1.12.0/24 [110/845] via 10.1.23.2, 00:22:13, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 172.20.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.20.200.0 is directly connected, Loopback20 By gi chng ta cu hnh mt s vng c bit nh l Stub Area, Totally Stubby Area v NotSo-Stubby Area mt cch lin tc trong topology trn nn cc bn ch lnh. 1. Cu hnh Stub Area cho Area 23 R2(config)# router ospf 1 R2(config-router)# area 23 stub R3(config)# router ospf 1 R3(config-router)# area 23 stub Kim tra R3(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 10.1.23.2 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O IA 10.1.1.1/32 [110/846] via 10.1.23.2, 00:02:58, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.2.1/32 [110/782] via 10.1.23.2, 00:02:58, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback3 O IA 10.1.12.0/24 [110/845] via 10.1.23.2, 00:02:58, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 172.20.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.20.200.0 is directly connected, Loopback20 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/782] via 10.1.23.2, 00:02:58, Serial0/0/0

2. Cu hnh Tottaly Stubby Area R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#area 23 stub no-summary

14

Group 1 CD10CNTT3

R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#area 23 stub no-summary Kim tra R3(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 10.1.23.2 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 10.1.23.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 172.20.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.20.200.0 is directly connected, Loopback20 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/782] via 10.1.23.2, 00:24:03, Serial0/0/0 3. Cu hnh Not-So-Stubby Area R2(config)# router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#no area 23 stub no-summary R2(config-router)# area 23 nssa R3(config)# router R3(config-router)# R3(config-router)# R3(config-router)# ospf 1 no area 23 stub no-summary area 23 nssa redistribute connected subnets

Kim tra : phn ny chng ta ch quan tm n vic cu lnh cu hnh thi ti v 2 area 23 v area 0 cng 1 giao thc nh tuyn l OSPF. cu hnh nssa nh trong l thuyt nu l vng ni n ISP hoc redistribute. Nn mun thy tc dng ca cu lnh cc bn c th chuyn giao thc ca vng Area 0 thnh 1 giao thc nh tuyn khc nh RIP hoc EIGRP l s hiu ngay tc dng ca cu lnh Bi Lab 2: Thc hin vic cu hnh Virtual Link V Summarizing an Area TOPOLOGY

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t yu c u Thc hin cu hnh c bn nh trong bi lab Cu hnh Virtual Link v Area Summarization Mc tiu Cu hnh Virtual Link thnh cng mng 192.168.100.1 -> 100.3 c th thy mng vng Backbone - Hp cc subnets 192.168.100.1 -> 100.3 thnh 1 ng mng 3. Thc hin Bc 1: Ta cu hnh c bn cc a ch , interfaces nh trong m hnh v kim tra cc kt ni cc b 1. 2. R1(config)# interface loopback 1 R1(config- if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/0 R1(config- if)# ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config- if)# clock rate 64000 R1(config- if)# no shutdown R2(config)# interface loopback 2 R2(config- if)# ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/0 R2(config- if)# ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config- if)# no shutdown R2(config)# interface serial 0/0/1 R2(config- if)# ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config- if)# clockrate 64000
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R2(config- if)# no shutdown R3(config)# interface loopback 3 R3(config- if)# ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config- if)# interface loopback 100 R3(config- if)# ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config- if)# interface loopback 101 R3(config- if)# ip address 192.168.101.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config- if)# interface loopback 102 R3(config- if)# ip address 192.168.102.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config- if)# interface loopback 103 R3(config- if)# ip address 192.168.103.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config)# interface serial 0/0/0 R3(config- if)# ip address 10.1.23.3 255.255.255.0 R3(config- if)# no shutdown Bc 2: Ta cu hnh nh tuyn bng giao thc OSPF cho cc vng 0, 23 nh trn topology

R1(config)# router ospf 1 R1(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 R1(config-router)# network 10.1.12.0 R2(config)# router R2(config-router)# R2(config-router)# R2(config-router)# ospf 1 network 10.1.12.0 network 10.1.2.0 network 10.1.23.0

0.0.0.255 area 0 0.0.0.255 area 0

0.0.0.255 area 0 0.0.0.255 area 0 0.0.0.255 area 23

R3(config)# router ospf 1 R3(config-router)# network 10.1.23.0 R3(config-router)# network 10.1.3.0

0.0.0.255 area 23 0.0.0.255 area 23

Kim tra cc Router mi khu vc hc ht ng mng ca nhau hay cha v kim tra neighbor mi Router R1(config)#do show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 10.1.2.1 0 FULL/ 00:00:39 10.1.12.2 Serial0/0/0 R1(config)#do show ip route ospf 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 10.1.2.1 [110/782] via 10.1.12.2, 00:08:14, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.3.1 [110/846] via 10.1.12.2, 00:05:20, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.23.0 [110/845] via 10.1.12.2, 00:07:56, Serial0/0/0

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R2(config)#do show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 10.1.1.1 0 FULL/ 00:00:36 10.1.12.1 Serial0/0/0 192.168.103.1 0 FULL/ 00:00:39 10.1.23.3 Serial0/0/1 R2(config)#do show ip route ospf 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 10.1.1.1 [110/65] via 10.1.12.1, 00:11:31, Serial0/0/0 O 10.1.3.1 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:08:21, Serial0/0/1

R3(config)#do show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 10.1.2.1 0 FULL/ 00:00:35 10.1.23.2 Serial0/0/0 R3(config)#do show ip route ospf 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O IA 10.1.1.1 [110/846] via 10.1.23.2, 00:09:57, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.2.1 [110/782] via 10.1.23.2, 00:09:57, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.12.0 [110/845] via 10.1.23.2, 00:09:57, Serial0/0/0 Bc 3: Cu hnh Virtual Link Ta add a ch 192.168.100.1 -> 192.168.100.2 vo area 100 R3(config)# router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#network R3(config-router)#network R3(config-router)#network R3(config-router)#network

192.168.100.0 192.168.101.0 192.168.102.0 192.168.103.0

0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.255 area

100 100 100 100

Ti y ta c th thy area 100 nh l 1 area phn cp tng 2 ca Router 3 , v tt nhin khi kim tra bng nh tuyn Router 2 th chc chn Router 2 khng th no hc c cc subnets Area 100 ny . R2(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set

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O C O C C

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks 10.1.1.1/32 [110/65] via 10.1.12.1, 00:48:16, Serial0/0/0 10.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback2 10.1.3.1/32 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:45:06, Serial0/0/1 10.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 10.1.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

V th ta phi dng 1 k thut trong OSPF l to ra Virtual Link cho Router 1 vng backbone c th hc ng nhng subnets ny m khng cn phi add thm 1 cng vt l n Area 100 ny . R3(config)# router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#area 23 virtual- link 192.168.103.1 R3(config)# router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#area 23 virtual- link 10.1.2.1 Kim tra thy Router 2 v Router 1 hc c cc subnets Area 100 ri R1(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 O 10.1.2.1/32 [110/782] via 10.1.12.2, 00:58:37, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.3.1/32 [110/846] via 10.1.12.2, 00:55:43, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 O IA 10.1.23.0/24 [110/845] via 10.1.12.2, 00:58:18, Serial0/0/0 192.168.100.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 192.168.100.1 [110/846] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:55, Serial0/0/0 192.168.101.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 192.168.101.1 [110/846] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:55, Serial0/0/0 192.168.102.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 192.168.102.1 [110/846] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:55, Serial0/0/0 192.168.103.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 192.168.103.1 [110/846] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:55, Serial0/0/0
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Group 1 CD10CNTT3

R2(config-router)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks O 10.1.1.1/32 [110/65] via 10.1.12.1, 00:01:45, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback2 O 10.1.3.1/32 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:01:40, Serial0/0/1 C 10.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 192.168.100.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 192.168.100.1 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:01:40, Serial0/0/1 192.168.101.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 192.168.101.1 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:01:40, Serial0/0/1 192.168.102.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 192.168.102.1 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:01:40, Serial0/0/1 192.168.103.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 192.168.103.1 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:01:40, Serial0/0/1 B4: Cu hnh Area Summarization : ta thy Router 3 c 4 subnets lin tc , cho nn ta ng dng summary trong trng hp ny lm gim b nh v qu trnh x l trn CPU R3(config)# router ospf 1 R3(config-router)# area 100 range 192.168.100.0 255.255.252.0 R2# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 7 - 14 CCNP: Building Scalable Internetworks v5.0 - Lab 3-3 Copyright 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
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Group 1 CD10CNTT3 C 10.1.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 O 10.1.3.0 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:07:25, Serial0/0/1 C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 O 10.1.1.0 [110/65] via 10.1.12.1, 00:07:25, Serial0/0/0 C 10.1.23.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 O IA 192.168.100.0/22 [110/65] via 10.1.23.3, 00:00:01, Serial0/0/1

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