Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Why Log?
Fluid contact detection and movement (material balance) Other water/gas movement Injection frontal advance Water salinity
Special Applications
Old wells Gravel-pack monitoring Channeling behind casing In-situ petrophysical properties
Formation Evaluation
Logs for cased hole formation evaluation Gamma ray NGS log Neutron log Sonic log Thermal decay time log Gamma ray spectrometry tool
SIGMA GR RATIO
TDT ANALYSIS
Completion Evaluation
Production logging applications Well performance Well problems Well testing Single and multi phase flow Flow anomalies
Completion Evaluation
Evaluating completion efficiency Detecting mechanical problems, breakthrough, coning Providing guidance for workovers, enhanced recovery projects Evaluating stimulation treatment effectiveness Monitoring and profiling of production and injection
Completion Evaluation
Detecting thief zones, channeled cement Single layer and multiple layer well test evaluation Determining reservoir characteristics Identifying reservoir boundaries for field development
Completion Evaluation
Production logging tools Spinner flow meters Radioactive tracer tools Fluid density tools Nuclear fluid density tools Temperature tools Noise tools
Gamma Ray
0 2 API Caliper Inches 500 7 0
Pressure
4000 PSIA 4200 Temperature Density Total Flow BPD 28000 0.2 F g/cm3 245 0 1.2 240
Diphasic Analysis
Total Flow
0
Temperature 245 F
CAL
100%
Shut-in
Flowing
PLT GR
75%
65% OH GR
25%
Flowing
Shut-in
Cable head Weights Thru-tubing guide (Centralizer) Collar locator Telemetry cartridge, including GR detector Caliper Weights PCM/CCL Telemetry
10 motorized centralizer
Gamma ray
In-line flowmeter Centralizer Thermometer/ Strain-gauge Gradiomanometer Fullbore flowmeter Pressure 10 Bow spring centralizer Continuous spinner flowmeter
Completion Evaluation
Spinner Tools Continuous flow meter Fullbore spinner Inflatable diverter
Ideal response
increase increase
Mechanical losses
(bearing friction, etc.)
10
10
0. 0 5r
Ide al s
slo
at e
s si 5 rp p .7 0.02 in 4 t 1 e = t/ m a f as lop 50 G s = Vf
f
t / (f
/m
) in
lop
e=
in
Electrical connection
Spinner
Lower bearing
Spinner
CCL Electronic cartridge Comumicatation CCL cartridge Electronic cartridge Spinner section Flowmeter Water-cut meter Packer spring Densimeter Packer spring Packer tube
Packer bag
Well Sketch
Temperature
60C 80C
Flowmeter Flowmeter after before treatment treatment 11.000 B/D 23.000 B/D
Completion Evaluation
Radioactive Tracer Tools Can be placed into the following two categories: Gamma ray tools without downhole ejectors for releasing radioactive material Gamma ray tools with downhole ejectors and multiple gamma ray detectors
Background
Second detector
6 seconds
CCL
Completion Evaluation
Fluid Density Tools Gradiomanometer tool Pressure-temperature tool Nuclear fluid density tool
32.0
Transducer
Upper Sensing Bellows Slotted Housing Floating Connection Tube Lower Sensing Bellows
38.9
Expansion Bellows
8200
Flowing
Shut-in
8300
Depth, feet
8400
5 1/2
8500 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Water
8200
O/W Contact
Depth, feet
8400
5 1/2
8500 1600 1800 2000 2200
Shut-in
8300
Oscillator frequency, Hz
Oil
Sampling channel
2 Feet
Shielding
CS 137 Source
Completion Evaluation
Temperature Tools Detection of gas production via the cooling effect of expanding gas Qualitative evaluation of fluid flow indicated by departures from the geothermal gradient Temperature information for PVT equations Evaluation of fracture treatments Evaluation of mechanical integrity of a completion
Completion Evaluation
Noise Tools Two types of noise logs Single frequency Multiple frequency
Cement Evaluation
Cement bond log (CBL) Variable density log (VDL) Compensated cement bond log Cement evaluation tools (CET)
Cement Evaluation
The cement bond log (CBL) The CBL, later combined with the VDL waveform, has been for many years the primary way to evaluate cement quality. The principle of measurement is to record the transit time and attenuation of an acoustic wave after propagation through the borehole fluid and casing wall.
Cement Evaluation
Compensated Cement Bond Tool A newer generation tool that is lighter and more flexible for use in deviated holes. The principle of the measurement consists of recording two sets of receiver amplitudes and computing their ratio. This ratio is then used to compute attenuation.
Cement Evaluation
Cement Evaluation Tool This tool evaluates the quality of the cementation in eight directions with very fine vertical resolution.
Perforating
Shaped Charges Wireline Perforating Guns Tubing Conveyed Perforating Guns