Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tsunamis as Geo-Hazard Concerns in the Island of Mindanao

The Mindanao Summit on Disaster Risk Reduction and Geo-Hazard Awareness Cagayan de Oro City, February 18, 2012

Renato U. Solidum Jr and Ma. Mylene M. Villegas

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology Department of Science and Technology

- threat that can cause loss of life, injury, property damage, loss of livelihood or services, social and economic disruption
Geologic

Hazards

NATURAL HAZARDS Hydro-meteorologic

Volcanic eruptions Earthquakes Tsunamis

Landslides/mudflows Erosion Ground subsidence

Typhoons Strong wind Storm surge Floods/flashfloods Drought, desertification Extreme temperature warming, cooling Sea level change Salt-water intrusion

1991 Explosive Eruption of Pinatubo: Can a similar eruption happen in Mindanao?

Tall eruption columns

Pyroclastic flows downslopes at speeds >60kph

Thick ashfall caused collapse of roofs

Post-eruption lahars burying villages

Answer - YES

Volcanoes in Mindanao
8 active volcanoes

(erupted within the last 10,000 years)

Mt Parker South Cotabato

Mt Parker Crater Lake

Mt. Parker last

erupted in 1641 eruptions are similar to Mt. Pinatubo

Hazard Map of Mt. Parker

Active volcanoes in Mindanao (eruption in the last 10,000 years)

Name
Hibok-hibok Ragang Bud Daju Musuan Matutum Parker Makaturing Leonard

No. of Eruption
5 7 2 1 1 1 7 1

Last eruption
1949-1953 1916 1897 1866 1911 1641 1882 1800 yrs ago

Location
Camiguin Lanao Sulu Bukidnon S. Cotabato S. Cotabato Lanao Davao del N

Hibok-hibok 1951 eruption killed >500 people

Destructive Earthquakes: Can this happen in Mindanao?

Magnitude 6.9 Negros Earthquake
Collapse of Buildings Intensity VIII Landslide Liquefaction

Answer - YES

Earthquake Activity in Mindanao

Earthquake Generators and Liquefaction Prone Areas in Mindanao:

Active Faults (Red) Trenches (Violet) Liquefaction (Yellow)

Earthquaketriggered Landslide Hazard Map of Mindanao

Large Tsunamis: Can these happen in Mindanao?

March 11, 2011 Japan Tsunami
Miyako City

From AP

Natori City

From Kyodo News

Kessenuma

From RUSolidum, PHIVOLCS

Answer - YES

August 1976 Moro Gulf M7.9 Earthquake & Tsunami

Magnitude 7.9 quake

Scope: Southwest Mindanao Casualties: Dead 3,792 Missing 1,937 Injured 9,240 Houses Damaged: Total 60,356 Estimated total damage: PhP 2.47 B

Maximum tsunami height 9 meters

Tsunami Impacts: 1976 August Earthquake

Inundated villages

Damaged houses & buildings

Transported bancas

Crushed vehicles

Tsunami causing earthquakes and tsunami events in eastern Mindanao

1952

Five (5) tsunami events 1 5 m high

1921

1929

1992 1924

1921 November 11 (Ms 7.4) 1924 April 14 (Ms 8.3) 1929 June 13 (Ms 7.2) 1952 March 19 (Ms 7.6) 1992 May 17 (Ms 7.1)

Tsunami causing earthquake and tsunami event in northwestern Mindanao

One (1) tsunami event 6 m high
1897

1897 Sept 21 (Ms 7.5)

Tsunami causing earthquakes and tsunami events in southern Mindanao

Five (5) tsunami events 1 9 m high
1917 January 31 (Ms 6.4) 1918 August 15 (Ms 8.0) 1923 March 2 (Ms7.2) 1976 August 17 (Ms 8.0) 2002 March 2 (Ms 6.8)

1923 2002

1976

1917

1918

Tsunami Hazard Maps for Mindanao

Tsunami Hazard Map Davao Oriental

Tsunami Hazard Map Sultan Kudarat

Liquefaction Hazard Map Surigao del Norte

Summary
Moderate-sized to large explosive volcanic eruptions happened and can happen again in Mindanao Large-magnitude and destructive earthquakes happened and can happen again in Mindanao Large tsunamis happened and can happen again in Mindanao Explosive eruptions, destructive earthquakes and tsunamis are concerns that Mindanao should prepare for

Sudden onset, Infrequent events, Most often, destructive

Let us focus on awareness raising Let us prepare communities

Please visit PHIVOLCS-DOST booth

www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
For more info on geologic hazards maps, awareness and preparedness materials