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ARTS AND LANGUAGES FACULTY STATE UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Speaking is one of four side basic skills that used by people in communicating from one to each other. As a human beings, we should be able to speak at least for one language. English has a function as a means to communicate in the daily communication, to get knowledge, to make interpersonal communication, to share information and to enjoy the language lesson in English culture. As a human being, we all learn to speak at least for one language as we grown up. Speak to share information or to say something about our feelings, perception and intentions to other people. So that, in speaking we change a lot of ideas into words to be informed to other people. Speaking ability of the people is not the same. There are cause and problem that can make their speaking aility became low. Low from mastering the vocabulary, low of self confidence or bad pronounciationor maybe less supportive of teaching method. Therefor the writer would like to apply one of teaching method, by using descriptive, to improve students achievement in speaking ability. 1.2 Problem of the Study The problems in this study are stated as follows: Does descriptive give significant effect on students to get achievement in speaking ability? 1.3 The Objectives of the Study The objective of the study is to investigate whether or not the descriptive method on the students speaking ability give significant effect.
1.4 The Scope of the Study There are many kind of technique that we can applied to improve students speaking ability such as brainstorming, using descriptive to describe, playing a game, listen to music, etc. In this reserch, the writer just focuses on applying descriptive to get achievement. 1.5 The Significance of the Study
The result of the study will be hopefully useful to student learn English by using describing picture to improve students speaking skills.
CHAPTER 2
2.2. Speaking
Speaking is one of the important basics skills in language teaching. Generally the term of speaking means, using words as in a strict/rough/general sense orally. The focus of teachingspeaking, of course is to improve the oral production of the students. According to Fulcher (2003:23) speaking is the verbal useof language to communicate with others. According to Clark and Clark (1997), speaking as fundamental instrument in conveying meaning, is a production skill language. And language is use to communicate one to another people as an instrument of connecting and interacting. Based on the two ideas, the writer makes a conclusion that speaking ability means by ability to use the language appropiately in social interaction. And it is not only involve verbal communication, but also the elements of speaking ability such as grammar, vocabulary pronunciation and influency for level junior high school. How student can use their English knowledge in their daily conversation in other way to be more good in speaking.
It is probably the best achieved by allowing the stream of speech to flow. Some of the speech spills over beyond comprehensibility, the riverbank of instructions or some details or phonology or discourse can channel the speech on the more purposeful course. (Brown, 2001:269)
The procedure of data collection of the study was going to be conducted by administrating for two cycles and 4 meetings. These include 4 steps namely; planning, action, observation, and reflection. There are 2 cycles conducted by the writer, each cycles is carrying out in four meetings.
Cycle I Plan
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. making lesson plan consists of the steps of the action. Preparing the teaching facilities, for example media in teaching. Preparing research instrument, such as observation format to observe the teaching and Preparing the test to measure the result of the study. Doing stimulation and examining the action in the class. Teacher. The teacher should be involved actively in teaching and learning process.
learning process.
Action
In this phase, the writer found the pre data. It is the difficuty which faced by the students in doing the exercise. Then, the writer made the teaching program, the lesson plan and also procedure as a media of teaching that used to teach speaking to students. At the end of the action, the writer gives the post test about the lesson that they learned. The research conducted 4 meetings.
Observation
1. Observation and implementation observation is done to record the process during teaching and process. The observation was done in classroom while the teaching learning process runs. It was about the behavior, attitude and all the activities while giving the action. 2. Data Analysis Quantitative data analysis can be informed by the arrangement of the data collection such as table or graphic, or the mean scores. Qualitative data analysis is done through three steps; they are the data deduction, data description and summary of analysis result. 3. Evaluation
Analysis result is useed to do the evaluation of the process and the result achievement of the process. REFLECTION Analysis of the situation The meaning of the process Explanation Brainstorming Summary Next action
Cycle II Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Action In this phase , the writer found the pre data. It is the difficulty which faced by the students in doing the exercise. Then, the writer made the teaching program, the lesson plan and also procedure asa media of teaching that used to teach speaking to students. At the end of the action, the writer gives the post test about the lesson that they learned. The research conducted 4 meetings. Observation 1. Observation and implementation Observation is done to record the process during teaching and process. The observation was done in classroom while the teaching learning process runs. It was about the behavior, attitude and all the activities while giving the action. 2. Data Analysis Making lesson plan consists of the steps of the action. Preparing the teaching facilities, for example media in teaching. Preparing research instrument, such as observation format to observe the teaching and Preparing the test to measure the result of the study. Doing stimulation and examining the action in the class. Teacher. The teacher should not be only as the teacher to do the lesson plan. Students. Students should be involved actively in teaching and learning process.
learning process.
Quantitative data analysis can be informed by the arragement of the data collection such as table or graphics, or the mean scores. Qualitative data analysis result. 3. Evaluation Analysis result is used to do the evaluation of the process and the result achievement of the process. Reflection 1. Analysis of the situation 2. The meaning of the process 3. Explanation 4. 5. Summary Next action 3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data This research applied quantitative and qualitative data. The qualitative data were used to describe the situation during the teaching process and the qualitative data were used to analyze the score students. The qualitative data is analyzed by computing the score of the speaking test. To know the mean of students score for each cycle, the writer will apply the following formula: X= x100% N X= x= N= the mean of the students the total score The number of students
1.
1.
Standard Competence
The students are able to speaking by describing using picture.
Basic Competence
After completing this unit students are expected to be able to: To know what describing picture is To know the used of describing picture in speaking To know how to improve students ability in speaking by using picture.
1.
1.
Study material
a short conversation
a. vocabulary which related to the task example: magnifying glass, pipette, borrow, use, pass, feeding, playing. b. Usually word : Here it is : Here you are : Thank you. c. Present continouse tense d. Methods and the technique of study
*Three- phase technique g. The step of the activity First activity -asking question which related to the students condition -students answer the question which related to their activity The substance activity -discuss about the ha word which used inside the text. -listen to the teacher sentence -try to practice a conversation in front of the class Closing activity -asking to the students, did they get the hard mean which use inside the text. -ask the studens to using the sentence which they already studied before. Study resources: A text book,