A. Axis and Motion 1. Standing with your back against a wall, move your hand toward the ceiling.

Move your leg to the side, sliding your hell on the wall a. What motion/s did you perform? Abduction b. In what plane/s are you moving? Frontal c. What is/are the axis/axes for that plane? Z-axis 2. Sitting on a table with the knee facing forward, move lower leg from side to side. a. What motion did you perform? Internal and External rotation b. In what plane were you moving? Transverse c. What is the axis for that plane? Y-axis 3. Give the degree/s of freedom of the following joints, and its motions. Joint Glenohumeral joint Degree of Freedom 3 Motion Flexion-extension/ abduction-adduction/ lateral rotation-medial rotation Flexion-extension/ adduction-abduction Rotation Flexion-extension/ rotation Dorsiflexionplantarflexion/ eversion-inversion

Metacarpal joint Atlanto-axial joint Tibiofemoral joint Ankle/ Talocrural joint

2 1 2 2

Levers and Pulleys 1. In a standing position, perform shoulder flexion while maintaining the elbow in extension and with a weighted cuff held in the hand. Repeat with the weighted cuff secured above the elbow. A. Which is easier? Why? Weighted cuff secured below elbow. Because the weight is nearer to the body.

B. What is the effect on the center of gravity when the shoulder is at 90 flexion?

The center of gravity shifted antero-lateral to the arm with weights.

C. What is the effect on the center of gravity when the shoulder is at 180 of flexion? The center of gravity shifted slightly lateral to the arm with weights.

2. Analyze shoulder extension as if it were a lever system. In supine, extend (lower) your arm from full shoulder flexion range of motion holding a 3lbs. dumbell. ATTENTION: the effect of gravity on the movement of the shoulder extension varies throughout the range. Fill in the table. Motion Flexion 0-90 Flexion 90180 Axis Sagital: Yaxis Sagital: Yaxis Gravity Against assisted Force deltoid Lat. dorsi Resistance Hands with weights Hands with weights

3. Analyze shoulder extension as if it were a lever system. In supine, extend (lower) your arm from full shoulder flexion range of motion holding a 3lbs. dumbell. ATTENTION: the effect of gravity on the movement of the ahoulder extension varies throughout the range. Fill in the table.

Motion Extension 180-90 Extension 900

Axis Sagital: Yaxis Sagital: Yaxis

Gravity Against assisted

Force Brachiorads Biceps

Resistance Hands with weight Hands with weight

4. Approach the 2 pulley systems. Answer the following questions. A. What lever class is the fixed pulley system? _______________________________________________ B. Do elbow flexion on both pulley systems. On which pulley system is it easier to do? Why?

In the pulley in standing. ________________

C. Take two steps backward from the pulley system. Do elbow flexion. Which is easier to do? Closer of farther from the pulley? Farther. ______why____________