By: Jhobel Laurente IV Cygnus SY 2011- 2012

Relations and Functions

Relation Function Range Domain Table Arrow diagram Abscissa Ordinate

Relation - are a set of ordered pairs. Function a rule of correspondence between two nonempty sets, such that to each element of the first set, there corresponds one and only one element of the second set/ is a relation which element of the domain is paired with exactly one element of the range. Arrow Diagram: (showing the following types of relation) One to many Relation Many to one Relation One to one Relation Domain - all possible values of x (independent variable) Range all possible values of y (dependent variable)

Abscissa horizontal x Ordinate Vertical y The domain (x) is not repeated All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions. To evaluate for f(x) at a particular value of (x) in the domain of (f), substitute the value of x to all xs in the equation of the function. Piecewise Function a function that is divided into pieces. f[f (x)] = f [f(x)] *The function of its inverse is the inverse of its function.

Relation

Many to one

One to One

One to Many

Function

Domain

Evaluation of Function Inverse Function

Range

Relation involves the association or connection of an object to another object. This can be shown or described using different ways such as: table, arrow diagram, or by graphs. Function on the other hand is like analogy in our Language subject. The first object is in connection with the second word it corresponds.

Exponential Function

Exponent Exponential Equation Asymptote

Base
Inequalities

Exponential Equation has the same base, means having the same exponents. Exponent - (power index)a number placed as a superscript to the right of another number or quantity indicating the number of times the number or quantity is to be multiplied by itself. Base - The number that is going to be raised to a power. Ex. 3 = 3^x x = 2 therefore, 3 is the base. Asymptote The line approaches but never touches the x-axis. Inequalities -

The graph is asymptotic to x-axis

Value is Increasing if b > 1

Value is Decreasing if 0<b<1

B is not equal to 1 Y intercept is equal to 1

Asymptotic to x-axis

Law of exponents

Exponential Function

Increasing if b > 1

Decreasing if 0<b<1

The word Exponential means extremely rapid or fast. Using exponential function, we can express the rapid growth of people, biological organisms, and other specie. Just remember the Laws of Exponents, and youll get it right.

Logarithmic Function

Characteristics Mantissa Base

Exponent

Logarithmic Function

Characteristics - The part of a logarithm to the base 10 that is to the left of the decimal point. ( .456 are the characteristics below in the given.) Mantissa - The decimal part of a logarithm. Ex. 3.456 (3 is the mantissa) Base - The number that is going to be raised to a power. Exponent - (power index)a number placed as a superscript to the right of another number or quantity indicating the number of times the number or quantity is to be multiplied by itself.

I. II.

Logarithmic Function For all positive real numbers x and b, b is not equal to 1, there is a real number y, such that y = log b. Log function is the inverse of exponential function./ It is asymptotic to y-axis LAWS OF LOGARITHM: Logb^M = logb^N, then M=n Log (subscript)b (base)b ^m = m b^m = m

b^ logb^m = m Log(subscript)b (base) b = 1 Log b^1 = 0 Product Law: logb^MN = logb M +logbN Quotient Law: log (subscript)b M/N = log(subscript)b M-log (subscript)bN Power Law: Log (subscript)b X^p = Plog(subscript)X

Natural Logarithm The Logarithm of a number to the base e. Log e ^x = ln x Change of base: Log b ^x = log x /log b

Natural Log Log e ^x = ln x

Logarithms
Asymptotic to y-axis

Log b^1 = 0

Laws of Log

Logarithm Function is the inverse of the Exponential Function. In the logarithmic function y log (subscript)a x, a>0 and a is not equal to 1. Its domain is the set of all positive real numbers. It can be expressed through tables and graphs.

Linear Function

Linear Function line Slope intercept VLT- Vertical Line Test

Linear Function is a function of the form f(x) =mx+b Line is a segment that extends in both directions Slope steepness, vertical change over horizontal change, or simply, rise over run. intercept - two lines intersect each other. VLT(Vertical Line Test) - A test use to determine if a relation is a function, and a relation is a function if there are no vertical lines that intersect the graph at more than one point.

Point Slope Form: Two-point slope form Slope Intercept form Intercept Form Standard Form

Vertical line UND - Vertical Line Test Horizontal Line slope = 0 Rise over o = UND

Lines are everywhere, and linear Functions play an important part especially in constructing infrastructures. Linear functions are actually models of relations that show equal changes in the independent variable to dependent variable.

Trigonometric Functions

S-O-H C-A-H T-O-A Opposite Hypotenuse Adjacent

Sine sin Cosine cos Tangent tan Cosecant csc Secant sec Cotangent cot Opposite - the opposite/ other side of the triangle. Hypotenuse longest side of the triangle Adjacent the line in the triangle near the theta or angle.

sin = Opposite/Hypotenuse Reciprocal: Csc = H/O Cos = Adjacent/Hypotenuse Reciprocal: sec = H/A Tan = Opposite/ Adjacent Reciprocal: cot = A/O Pythagorean Theorem : c^2 = a^2 + b ^2 For special Triangles: 45-45-90 degrees 30-60-60 degrees

SOHCAHTOA

Trigonometric Functions

Special Triangles

30-60-90 45-45-90

45-45-90 and 30-60-90 are used in special triangles. To solve the problems, say the theta is asked, we use SOH-CAH-TOA and their reciprocals.

CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

SOH CAH TOA vertex Terminal side Arc Initial side Radius

Pi - A transcendental number, approximately 3.14159 and represented by the symbol Terminal side the end position of the ray/ line of its rotation. Arc - A portion of the circumference of a circle Initial side - the starting position of the ray/ line of its rotation.
Radius - A line from the center of a circle to a point on the circle. Vertex the endpoint of the two lines/ rays.

Circumference - The distance around the edge of a circle

SOH CAH TOA

Pi
Circular Functions

Arc

Radius

Terminal / initial side

Wheel, pizzas crust, tip of a glass, all of those are round shaped. At the ancient times, people initially studied triangles ,but after time has passed by, they have found out that there can be triangles in a circle, thus, the beginning of Circular Function.

Trigonometric Identities

SOH CAH TOA Radius Theta

sin = Opposite/Hypotenuse Reciprocal: Csc = H/O Cos = Adjacent/Hypotenuse Reciprocal: sec = H/A Tan = Opposite/ Adjacent Reciprocal: cot = A/O Radius - Radius - A line from the center of a circle to a point on the circle. Theta a Greek alphabet ,usually used to represent a side of the angle.

 COS COT

SEC COT

TAN

Trigonometric Identities

SIN

CSC

Trigonometric identities are equalities that involve trigonometric functions and are true for every single value of the occurring variables. These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified.

By: Jhobel Laurente Submitted to: Sir Noli DO. Rodriguez IV-Cygnus 2011-2012