ComputationalExperiments withtheFuzzyLoveandRomance

HokkySitungkir hs@compsoc.bandungfe.net Dept.ComputationalSociology BandungFeInstitute

April15th2007

Abstract The paper report some experiments on the issue of human mating games and sexual preferencesintheperspectiveofpopulationandsomemacrosocialrealms.Thenotionsof love,romance,fidelity,andsexualattractivenessarethosecomprisingthetheorytohuman intraspecies evolution but yet still rare to be employed to understand human social, economic, and cultural studies in terms of sociology or economics. The paper did experimentsonthoseissues,onthepossiblerelationbetweenpopulationgrowth,power lawdistributionofwealth,andsomeotherrelevantpointstoourrealizationofevolutionary theory of sexual selection. The paper expects to open an alternative bridge of our advancementinhumanevolutionandthecomplexityofthesocialsystem. Keywords:humanmatinggames,sexualselection,loveandromance,macromicrolinkage, socialsimulation,artificialsociety.
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triasuntdifficiliamihietquartumpenitusignoro: viamaquilaeincaelo, viamcolubrisuperpetram, viamnavisinmediomari, etviamviriinadulescentula

WisdomofKingSolomon

1.Intro Atleastoursightswouldhavebeendividedintotwoscientificpolesbothcanbe regarded in the domain of social science as we talk about love and romance in human civilization.Thefirstcornerislaidupontheideaofsexualselection,lattercalledthemselves as evolutionary psychologists. People in this pole are fascinated to reveal things behind behavioralaspectsofthesociallifeandponderingtothepatternsdiscoveredfromsurveys, behavioral analysis, and theoretical stuffs departed from sociobiology. The other pole is overwhelmed with people called themselves anthropologists, sociologists, and sometimes economistswithverydifferentviewsregardingtotherelatednessofsexandtheemotional feelings of love and romance. The latter mostly related the issue to the things that is constructedinsociallifethroughhabits,norms,whilethefirstmostlyrelatedittotheintra speciesevolution thing that is so distinctive to its counterpart of interspeciesevolution thatapparentlyruledbythelawofstruggleofthefittestbymeansofnaturalselection. The history of the development of sociological theories has seen that there is not much endeavors to relate the findings in social and economic sciences with the one developedinnaturalscience,especiallybiology.Despitetheabundanceofbiologistsworks with efforts to explaining some social processes e.g.: evolutionary theories, memetics social scientists seem to neglect any theoretical achievements in other areas (cf. van den Berghe,1990).Astheadvancedmathematicalmodelingofstatisticalmechanicshasgivena lotofcontributionsandstunningdiscoveriesineconomics(i.e.:econophysics,sociophysics), the advanced and powerful theoretical explorations in biology, especially in our understanding to the evolutionary concepts is felt highly important to be related to the discourseofthesocialdynamics(cf.Situngkir,2003andSitungkir,2004). Theaimofthepaperistoopenthedoortothenewfashionofboththeoreticaland empirical approaches on bridging the most recent trend of sociological analyses incorporating computational models (i.e.: agent based modeling) to explore culture and social dynamics (even the embedded economic system) with some recent trends in evolutionary psychology with expectations of having novel discoveries in our scientific questsandinquiriestothegeneralsociallife. The structure of the paper is composed in regards to some experiments we do on the microstates in the level of agency to see the emerging macroproperties. Our observations are made by using the artificial society the Ribbon of Love as proposed in Situngkir (2007). We need to note here that the computational model we used here is different with some rigorous mathematical models constructed to see the interpersonal relations as those elaborated in Rinaldi (1998) or Liao & Ran (2007) as introduced for educational purposes of differential equations by Strogatz (1988). Our model focuses not merelyininterestingmathematicalfeaturesofthelovingcouplesbutindeedfocusonthe nonlinearrelationsofmicrosocialanditsmacroviewcounterpartasaformofcelebration inthenewcomputationalmethodsintheexplorationsofsocialtheories.
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2.Thing gscanbeobservedinromanticp population Interestingquestionsrelatedtoloveandrom manceinth hediscussio onsofhuma aninter persona ality whe ether it is e evolutionary psycholog or gener social th y gy ral heories are what constru uctourpref ferencesov verotherpe ersonsand howtheyg giveimpact ttooursoc cialdaily life. The relations of microp preferences with things that we can see in macrovie s e n ews are ntly ear is ways far from simplicity. The com mputationa model al inheren nonline and it i in some w introducedinprev vious work (Situngkir, 2007) somehowletustodoexp perimentsa andgive toolsto oobservesu uchnonline earity.

Figure1 Therule esdepictingth heloveablein ndexofafema aleasseenby ymalesinourartificialsocie eties(above)andvice versa(below) ).

Thefuzzyr rulesareas showninfi igure1onm maletofem maleattract tionandvic ceversa. viewofwh hatfemales sseeinmalesandwhatattractm malesof Therulesshowed themicro females However agents ar bounded in their neighborhood. Accessibility to pr s. r, re d n referred opposit tesexisthe emostimportantcons straintonh howsomeon nechoosestherightm mate.As
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accessib bility is fulf filled, the next constr raints are (in general) merely th sexual qualities he q emanat from th correspo te he onding can ndidates. However, th kind of things ha been his f as recogni izedinsocia alsciences asbounded dnessofas socialactor withtheir neighbors. Asocial agentsociologicallycannotbe eseparated dfromthen neighborso ofwhichalw waystobereferred when a decision is in makin In our model, suc boundaries would be differen when a ng. ch nt mating and how t choose the right on and the one when social choice is in the house. to ne e Further rmore,the sizeofneig ghborsfort thereferenc ceofsexua alrelationsh hipismadegreater thantheonesused dinthewa aytohigher rthecompe etitivenesso ofthesame esextoattractany ctsofcandidates. prospec Social scien nces are interested m most in the idea on ho the heterogeneous micro ow s propert tiesoftheinteractings socialactor rsoragentsemergingo observablecollectiveb behavior recogni izedassoci ialphenomena(cf.Coleman,199 90:610).Thisisproba ablyacruci ialpoint distingu uishedthem mtothestu udyofpsych hology(ore evolutionarypsycholog gy)thatfoc cusmost oftheo observables sinindividualsconstitu utingthesocialsystem. The compu utational simulation b based on th model p he proposed in Situngkir (2007), n howeve er,insucha awaybridgestheissue eoftheemergenceandthenonlinearnatur reofthe micro and the co orrespondin macrop ng properties. By adjustin the varia ng ables denot ting the micros systemofso ocialagent scognitive systemof sexualpref ferences,w wegrowtheliving structure in comp puter and dynamicall we could observe the birds eye view of the ly s w approac ched social system. If the micro behavior of the social system is constructed in the l fuzzyap pproachasdescribedb before,wec couldanaly yzetheglob balpropertie es,e.g.:the egrowth rate of the artificial system the wea f m, alth distribution, and sometime some an es nalytical spectac cles in obs serving the correlations among microsyst tem in the sense of human e sexualit tyandthem matinggame.
Figure2.Thecomputationalsimulatio onshowsthedynamicequilibriaofpopu ulationgrowth hinthe RibbonofLove R e.

Figure 2 s shows how the comp w putational simulation yields the equilibria of the e populat tiongrowth haswellas thespecific cquantitati ivegrowth rateofbothopposite sexesin thearti ificialworld d.However, ,wecoulds seealotm morethings inthesimu ulation,asd depicted
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in figur 3. This f re figure show the corr ws relation tha could be captured in the sim at e mulation betwee entheagen ntswithhig ghcompetit tivenessin theperspectiveofthe eirintelligenceand the one in the ey of physi e yes ical perform mances. Ho owever, as the simulat tions condu ucted in figure3 3and4emergedfrom mthenorm malmicrop propertieso ofthesyste embasedo onsome findings in the ob s bservation in the field of evolut d tionary psychology, w can say that by we learning gthrought theresultingsimulation,theoretic callywecouldseetha atthereisn noexact correlat tions between intellig gence and the physical outlook of the age ents. By us sing the standar rdmicropropertiesof theartificialworld,w wecouldsee ethatitisv veryrareto ofindan agent w with significantly high attractiveness of mental inte m elligence ( qm (int elligence ) (t ) ) and simultaneouslythe emostattra activephysi ically( Q p (t ) ),alsowiththemostattractivep personal logicaltraits qm ( p ) (t ) ), s( ,e.g.:humo or,romantic cbehaviort totheoppo ositesex. psychol
Figure3.Theattractive enessofasex xualagentina asrepresented dintheattrac ctivenessrelat tedto intelligen nceandphysicalappearanc ce(above).Th hecorrelation ncoefficiento ofthe qm (int elliigence ) (t ) and qm ( p ) (t ) valuatedbyco orrespondingmatecandida atesinthefuz zzyfashion(be elow). asev

Isthissomekindofac ccentuation ntothebro oadcommo onsensicalthoughtsab boutthis issue?S Somefurthe erempiricalworkscou uldbeconductedinord dertosupp portthisclaimforit
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is prese ented quite strong in our simula e ation. None etheless, w must ho on to th clear we old he definitio of the attractive on e eness of intelligence and the attractive e e eness of physical perform mance, and it should n be corr not rupted to th generalization that it is impos he ssible to findanintelligentandagoodlookingsocialagentin nthereallife.Itiswor rthtonotethatthe two variables are those that are relate to the way how an opposite sex attract to a t ed w n ted tiveagentandnotmer relyanevalu uationtoasoleagent. respect nShapesth heEconomy y 3.SexualSelection Another interesting findings from our simu m ulations as w do seve experim we eral ments in thecom mputationalplatformistheemer rgenceofth heParetos powerlaw wdistributio onaswe observe ethemacro oproperties safterthef fewhundredsofoursimulation.T Theinitialco ondition of the system is m made up by both unif formly and Gaussian ( N ( , ) ) distributed wealth d among all of the agents whi there is no any ec ile conomical a activities re egarding to agents activitie esbutthem matingchoic ceprocesse es.Thereha avebeennu umerousem mpiricalarticlesand papers showingth hisfact,but tmostofth heworksev ventuallyre elatingthe facttotheagents econom micmicrobe ehaviorand dmicromot tives.None etheless,oursimulation nshowedth hatsuch econom mical macro oproperties of the s social syste are em em merged giv ving us the eoretical conjectures that t scaling behavior of econom system is also sha the mic aped not so olely by humanmotivesan ndthenatural(positive e)feedback kofthenet tworkingt therichestw withthe richest yielding the richest gets riche Further er. rmore, sexual selectio among human on bounde by the s ed specific cult tural constr raints has become a natural fac ctor emerging such interest tingphenom mena.
Figu ure4.TheParetianscalingb behaviorofth hedistribution nofwealthas sshapedbyth hesexualselec ction processes.

In our cas the way agents c se, choose the best available and accessible mating e candida probably become the sourc of the positive fee ate ce p edback fulf filling this Paretian P
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wealth distribution n.Furtherm more,weals soshouldnotethatthewayanag gentchoose esother agentsviatheeconomicsitua ationofindividualsisn notdirectlyatall.Inre eturn,thew wealthier anagen ntthehighe erhis/herp possibilities tobecome esmarter( qm (int elligence ) (t ) >> )asw wellasto bebetterinphysic caloutlook, qm ( p ) (t ) >> (theoppo ortunitytoh havebettercomplexion ns,body > building gorskintre eatment,et tc.).Noneth heless,thiss scalingfeatureisstillin nterestingf fornone econom micmotivesandexpect tationdirec ctlyincluded dinanagen ntsdecision nmaking. Learningfro omthepropertiesofthepowerla awasdiscus ssedindeta ailbyNewm man (2005),wecansee ethattheex xpectedma aximumvalu ueinoursa ampleswouldfulfill,
< xmax > ~ n (1) andas 2 < < 1 ,w wecouldseethat < xm > woulddivergeandbyregard dingtothem meanof max the pow law characteristic as n , the mean is finite b domina wer c n but ated by the largest e value in the sample. Here, we can re ealize that as the sample data grows larg ger, the bonofLove rulerelativ velyalmost allofthee economicsy ystem.A wealthiestagents inourRibb widelyacceptedunderstandingonroma anceandlovestorybroughttous sthedomin nanceof therich heramongo otherpopul lation. 4.Love, ,Infidelity,MarriageL Liberalism Inourprev viouscompu utationalex xperiments weassume ethatagent tswouldalw waysbe faithful with their spouses: there is no way there would be a possibilities an ag any gent flirt withotheragenta astheyareinthestateofmarriage ecouples.H However,w whathappen nsinthe real wo orld is neve like that especially when the selfcente er t, y e ered society and marriage or y sexualr related rela ations is re elatively no really a sacred things. This distinction can be ot observe edinthem morereligiou ussocietyw whichthetraditionalu understandi ingaboutm marriage andsex xasakindo oftaboolike eIndonesia.
Figure5 5.Thenegativ vepopulationgrowth(left)andhigherav verageeconomicgrowth(r right)whenth heshort hoosieragent tsdominate. termandch
1 ( 1)

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Whathapp pensinour artificialso ocietywhile ewegaveu uptheassu umptionof theone marriag for the whole life in the sen of agents pursue better ma ge nse ates in sho term ort relation nship (cf. Buss, 1993)? Interestin ? ngly we cou see a drastic drop of the pop uld pulation growth: the nega ative population grow over time. In co wth t ontrast, the average agents e econom miccircumst tances(representedby ytheaveragecapitalo ownedbyag gents)areb betterin thelong grunofthe esimulation n.Thisisthingsthatw wecouldsee einthemoreliberalso ocietyin which s social actor saw mar rs rriage is rel latively not really a sa t acred thing while there is no g socialp pressuretok keepthemarriagegoe esonassom mepersonal lobstaclesp persist. The sexual competitio is apparently highe since age on er ents becom choosier as they me always lookonthe ebettermen ntofthere elationshipw withother personscom mparatively y,sexual relation nshipisrela atedtofun muchrelat tivetoasa apartofin nstitutionof fthereproduction. Obvious sly,suchmicrostructu ureisnotea asytofindr relativelyintheplaceswherethedebates betwee prolife and proch en hoice sex a rarely on the stag Interest are o ge. tingly, the general econom micconditio onsbetweenthetwoe extremesp placesonwhichwelaidourtwo polesof assump ptionsarealsodistinctive. Apparently the bette general e y, er economic a condition in the mor liberal so re ociety is someho could b related to the issu on how agents pe ow be ue erceive the notions of sacred f marriag geforwhich htheprolif fesexdomi inatesmost t.However, ,wecoulda apparentlyseethat the eco onomic grow of a so wth ociety is not as simple as though by econo e ht omists. The cultural effectsrelatedtoo onething,i. .e.:howage entsperceiv vemarriage earethingsthatshould dbeput intoacc counttosee ethosephe enomena.H Here,obviouslythisculturalsituat tioncanpla ayarole as one from a lo other po ot ossible way to be th positive feedback shaping ec ys, he conomic dimensionofthes sociallife.
Figure6.The eexponentialgrowthofpopulationaswegivepossibilitiestoagent tstochoosethemates thefuzzificatio onofthecom mmonsexualq qualities. outoft

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5.IfLoveisBlind Liberallyspeakingweshallneverbeabletodefinewhatloveiswithoutbeingslipped intothereductionofoneofimportantconceptinhumansocieties.Lovemayarisefromthe sociallyconstructedvalueslikemostliberalsbelievedbutmayalsoarisefrombiological (orchemical?)processesamongcouples(Marazziti,2004). Probablytheconceptofloveis theplaceofthecomplexityaswetalkedaboutthehumansexualselection. In our previous experiments, as observer we feel to know why someone loves another,whysomeonewantstomarryandstartafamilywithanother,aswereducealotof semantic thoughts on love. This section, eventually, wants to see what happens in our artificial society as we let agents chooses her/his spouses irrationally beside those with fuzzificationsofsomecommonsexualqualities. While the other microproperties are just similar with those elaborated in the genericcomputationalmodel(Situngkir,2007),weletagentstochoosehis/hermatesina particularlysmallprobability( p 0.1 )andseethedynamicsofthemacroproperties.Toour interest, the growth of the population becomes exceedingly higher as the iteration goes. Thisisshowedinfigure6.TherehasbeenclassicalunderstandingofMalthusianeconomics that the population growth in approximately exponential function if there is no any social mechanismstoreducetherateofbirth.Intheotherhand,somesocietiestendtoseethe proper and improperness in the marital status of adult males (and frequently females). In some cases, this becomes the source of the irrationality of the mating couple in our experiments.Eventually,asthereisnobirthcontrolmechanismsincluded,evenaverysmall probabilityofthismayeventuallyleadtotheexponentialpopulationgrowth. Apparently,inoursimulationofthisparticularscenariowedonotputintoaccount thelimitsofenvironmentalfactorse.g.:theavailabilityofresources(forexamplefood,jobs, landsforhousing,etc.)thatsometimesbecomenaturalthingsastheproponentsforbirth control.Forinstance,theuseofcontraceptionisnottheonlythingtoreducethepopulation growth but agents realization on career, the financial constraints, etc. and many other social,economic,andculturalrelatedthingsmustbeputintoaccountasasocialactorstart toestablishfamilyespeciallydecidingtohavechildren. 6.Discussions&ClosingNotes ThefuzzinessofhumanmaleandfemalerelationshiphasbeendiscussedinSitungkir (2007) and the paper is a report on findings and conducted experiments by using the proposed model. We do some experiments by using scenarios to observe what would emergefromspecificmicrostatesinthelevelofagency.Theprimarypointofthepaperis toshowthatbyusingthecomputationalmodelofartificialsocietieswecouldeasilyobserve the relations between different levels of description that is nonlinear in its nature. It becomespossibletorelatethepopulationgrowth,thedynamicsofeconomicwelfare,and so on by adjusting some microproperties and microrules related to sexual selection in humancivilizations.However,inthissense,therearealotmorethingscouldbeobserved by using this computational tool in our endeavor understanding the intraspecies sexual selectionwiththosesomemacroandsophisticatedaspectsofhumanculture. The secondary points are highlighted from the simulations as we employ several scenarios showed in the paper. The way we discover some economic aspects e.g.: the powerlawdistributedofwealthinsociety,theparadoxicalfindingsonthesacredvaluesof
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marriageasperceivedbyagentsinthemodernmicrorealmsemergingthehighnumbersof domesticpartnershipinsteadofmarriageandreproduction,pursuingoffunthroughsexual experiences,asthenegativepopulationgrowthpersistswhileintheotherhandtheaverage economic circumstances getting better generally, are some of those that we could essentially observe by using the computational platform. Here we open a possible interesting challenge on bridging the evolutionary theories and the general sociological explorations. As we recognize the complexity of the social and natural system, we just consequentlyrecognizethecomplexityinsidethewaymenandwomenmate. Acknowledgement IthankSuryaResearchInternationalforfinancialsupport.

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