ME 353

DYNAMICS AND VIBRATION OF MACHINERY (20011-12-II) Problems on Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems

1. A rotating stage in a turbomachine is preceded by a stage of stationary guide vanes, which will contain a number of nozzles. Each time a rotating blade happens to be in front of the nozzle it receives a pressure pulse. If the nozzles are symmetrically placed, then the frequency of these pulses will be nf, where n is the number of nozzles and f is the speed of rotation in revolutions per second. Representing the force variation over the blade by an approximate rectangular pulse of magnitude F, which lasts for a duration of 30 degrees of rotation of the blade, determine the Fourier components of the forcing function, if the number of nozzles on the stationary guide vanes is assumed to be three, each placed at an angle of 120 degrees with respect to the other. What happens to the forcing function if one of the nozzles gets blocked due to accumulation of dirt ? 2. An electric motor is supported by four springs, each having spring constant k N/m as shown in Fig. P2. If the moment of inertia of the motor about the central axis is J, find its natural frequency. 3. A semicircular disc of radius r and mass m is pivoted freely about its center as shown in Fig. P3. Determine its natural frequency for small oscillations. 4. A uniform stiff rod is restrained to move vertically by both linear and torsional springs as shown in Fig. P4. Calculate the natural frequency of oscillation of the rod. 5. Find the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig. P5. Neglect the mass of the rod. 6. Obtain the natural frequency of oscillation for the cylinder of mass m shown in Fig. P6. 7. A small Pelton wheel rotating at 1500 rpm has a rotor mass of 10 Kg mounted at the center of a steel shaft which has a span of 0.4 m between bearings. What should be the diameter of the shaft so that the transverse natural frequency is 50% higher than the running speed.? Take appropriate E for steel .in the calculations. 8. A centrifugal pump running at 1200 rpm has a rotor mass of 18 Kg mounted on an overhanging shaft. The distance between the bearings is very small compared to the overhanging end and thus the shaft can be treated as a cantilever with effective length of 0.5 m. What is the transverse natural frequency if the shaft dia is 25 mm. What should be the shaft dia so that the natural frequency is 25% higher than the running speed of the compressor. 9. Figure P9 shows a three blade propeller of total mass 20 ton mounted at the end of an 80 m long propeller shaft. It is a hollow steel shaft with an external diameter of 0.5 m and an internal dia of 0.3 m. Obtain a simple single degree of freedom system model and determine the natural frequency for axial vibrations of the propeller. 10. A delicate instrument of mass m placed on a spring of stiffness K is packaged in a rigid box (Fig. P10) which a dropped from a height h. Assume that the box when strikes the floor comes to rest instantaneously. If m = 15Kg, and K = 0.5 MN/m determine (i) the magnitude of the ensuing vibrations, (ii) maximum force to which the spring is subjected, (iii) the maximum acceleration of the instrument. 11. An automobile can be modeled as a mass placed on four shock absorbers (shock absorber consists of a spring and a damper), such that each spring is loaded equally. Determine the stiffness and damping constant of each shock absorber so that the natural frequency is 1.5 Hz and the system is critically damped. The mass of the vehicle is 1500 Kg. 12. The amplitude of free vibration of a spring-mass-damper system is observed to decrease to 25% of the initial value after five consecutive cycles of motion. Determine the damping coefficient c of the system if k = 20N/cm and m = 10Kgs. 13. In a mechanical system, both, the viscous and Coulomb forms of damping are present as shown in Fig. P13. If the mass is initially displaced by a distance and then released, show that the displacement amplitude after n number of cycles is given by where 14. Find the transient and steady state response of a mass-spring-dashpot system with the following datam = 40 Kg, K = 40N/cm, c = 0.85Ns/cm, ,

15. A reciprocating pump of mass 200 Kg is driven through a belt by an electric motor at 3000 rpm. The pump is mounted on an isolator with total stiffness 5MN/m and damping 3.125kns/m. What is the vibratory amplitude if the harmonic force of excitation is 1KN. What is the vibratory amplitude if the rotor is run at resonant speed ? 16. Figure P16 schematically shows a motor generator set rated 300KW at 985 rpm. The mass moment of the motor and the generator are 20Kg-m and 75 Kg-m respectively. Since the motor is a 50 Hz induction motor the rotor torque fluctuates over and above the steady torque with a frequency of 100Hz. Let the torque at the motor be given by is the steady torque. Neglect the damping in the system and determine (i) the maximum shear stress developed by the shaft (ii) the diameter of the shaft so that the maximum shear stress is 35MPa. 17. A 3 ton machine, mounted on isolators with an elastically coupled damper, has stiffness K = 2.943 MN/m. The damping constant is 56.4 KN-s/m and the stiffness ratio is 0.5. The machine develops a harmonic force of 1KN at an excitation frequency of 7Hz. (i) Determine its amplitude. (ii) Determine the maximum amplitude of vibration of the machine and the corresponding frequency. (iii) What should be the optimum damping. (iv) Determine the maximum amplitude and the amplitude at 7Hz when the elastic damper has optimum damping. 18. A 4000 N force is applied to a structure at various frequencies and the amplitudes of vibration are noted to plot the frequency response curve. The peak amplitude is 2000 microns and is observed at 27.5 Hz. The amplitude was halved at frequencies 22Hz and 32 Hz. Determine the system parameters. 19. The static deflection of an automobile on springs is 10cm. Find the critical speed when the automobile is traveling on a road which can be approximated by a sine wave of amplitude 8 cm and a wavelength of 15 m. Assume damping to be given by = 0.05. Also determine the amplitude of vibration at 75 kmph. 20. An electric motor of mass 40Kg is mounted on a light cantilvered panel (Fig. P20) through two rubber isolators. Each rubber isolator has a material loss factor of 0.3. The static deflection of the motor on the rubber isolators alone is 4mm. In order to determine the stiffness of the panel, a 20Kg mass is placed on it, and the panel end is observed to deflect by 2.5 mm. In order to determine the damping of the panel, a free vibration test is done. An initial displacement of 10mm is given to the panel dies to 1.5 mm in 3 cycles. The rotor has a mass of 15Kg and an unbalance of 2 Kg-mm. Obtain the equivalent single degree of freedom model (neglect panel mass). (i) Determine the equation of motion for the system and obtain solution for steady state vibrations of the motor. Determine the amplitude of the motor and the panel at an operating speed of 980 rpm. (ii) If the rubber pads are removed and the motor mounted directly on the panel determine the dynamic amplitude of the motor at 980 rpm. 21. An undamped single degree of freedom system is acted upon by a sinusoidal force where is the magnitude and the excitation frequency p is equal to the natural frequency of the system. Determine the system response using DuHamels integral. After how many cycles the amplitude is expected to be five times the static deflection. 22. Figure P22 (a) shows a cable supported bridge. Determine the angular motion of the bridge due to a vehicle of mass m moving with a uniform velocity v on the bridge. Assume that the mass moment of inertia I of the bridge and its natural frequency remain unchanged inspite of the motion of the vehicle. Determine the angular displacement of the bridge for the two periods - one, when the vehicle is on the bridge and second, when the vehicle has left the bridge. Note the variation of the moment (Fig. P22(b)) on the bridge due to the vehicle is linear with time till the vehicle is on the bridge and drops to zero value when the vehicle leaves the bridge. 23. Determine the total stiffness of the springs for mounting a bench grinder of mass 50 Kg and rated speed 2500 rpm so that the force transmissibility is less than/equal to 0.2. If the unbalance in the rotor is 1 Kg-mm what will be the dynamic amplitude of the grinder and the force transmitted to the foundation. 24. An accelerometer has natural frequency of 15khz. Determine the amplitude and phase distortion of a signal of frequency 7.3 Khz. Assume damping ratio to be 0.7. Answers:
2 3. 4. 5. 6. ; 7. 1.65 cm 8. 3.7 cm 9. 13.13 Hz; 10. (i) 5.4 cm, (ii) 27KN/m, (iii) 183.5g 11. 33KN/m, 7068.6Ns/m 12. 17.6 Ns/m 15. 0.0677 mm, at resonant speed - 2.041 mm; 16 (i) Dyn stress = 1.4 Mpa, Static stress = 118.5 Mpa (ii) 7.7 cm; 18 m = 4077.5 Kg, K = 100MN/m, =0.1; 19 critical speed = 84.74 kmph, ampl at 75 kmph = 33.906cm 20 (i) 53.8 microns (ii) 61.2 microns 21 approx 2 cycles 23 K= 570900 N/m, 0.024 mm 13.7 N; 24 ampl distortion 2.3 %, phase distortion = 41.76 deg

FIGURES
2a

Sheet 1

k k
CG

mg

Fig. P2

Fig. P3

k L K

L k

Fig. P4

Fig. P5

k k

a r

Three Blade Propeller

Hollow Propeller Shaft

Thrust Bearing

Fig. P6

Fig. P9

Rigid Box

k m

Spring

Instrument

Fig. P10
Generator Rotor

Fig. P13

Motor Rotor

5cm

Motor

Rubber Pads Cantilevered Panel

0.5m

Fig. P16

Fig. P20

M v vt mg L l

Fig. P22