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Welcome to Scribd - Where the world comes to read, discover, and share... Were using Facebook to give you reading recommendations based on what your friends are sharing and the things you like. We ve also made it easy to connect with your friends: you are now following your Facebook friends who are on Scribd, and they are following you! In the future you can access your account using your Facebook login and password. Learn more <http://www.scribd.com/facebookfaq>No thanks <#><#> Some of your friends are already on Scribd: Urvi Nopany <http://www.scribd.com/unopany> Indira Basu <http://www.scribd.com/indira_basu_2> Aerica Sardar <http://www.scribd.com/aerica_sardar> Chaitanya Manot <http://www.scribd.com/cmanot> Prerna Khaitan <http://www.scribd.com/prerna_khaitan> Swati Garg <http://www.scribd.com/swati_garg_37> Ayan Kishore <http://www.scribd.com/ayan_kishore> Mahima Khanna <http://www.scribd.com/mahima_khanna> Saanjhi Manot <http://www.scribd.com/smanot> Sankalp Batra <http://www.scribd.com/sankalp_batra> 1 First Page Previous Page Next Page / 50 Sections not available Zoom Out Zoom In Fullscreen Exit Fullscreen Select View Mode View Mode SlideshowScroll Readcast Add a Comment Embed & Share <#>Readcast Reading should be social! Post a message on your social networks to let others know what you re reading. Select the sites below and start sharing. Check_27x27Transparent Check_27x27Transparent Check_27x27TransparentLink account <#> Readcast this DocumentTransparent <#> Readcast Complete! Click send to Readcast! edit preferences <#> *Set your preferences for next time...*Choose auto to readcast without being prompted. <#><#> Dipti Hans

Dipti Hans Link account <#> Advanced <http://www.scribd.com/account/edit#sharing><#>Cancel <#> <#> Add a Comment Submit share: Characters: 400 <#> Share & Embed <http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F238176 14%2FWhat-is-the-Greenhouse-Effect%23source%3Afacebook><http://twitter.com/home? source=scribd.com&status=Reading%20%22What%20is%20the%20Greenhouse%20Effect%3F%2 2%20on%20Scribd%20http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F23817614%20%23Readcast><ht tp://www.google.com/buzz/post?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F23817614%2 FWhat-is-the-Greenhouse-Effect&message=> <#> Add to Collections Download this Document for Free Auto-hide: on <#> What is the Greenhouse effect?What is the Greenhouse effect? The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperaturethat the Earth experiences because certain gases inthe atmosphere trap heat from the Suns rays. Have you seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouseslook like smallglasshouses. Green houses areused to grow plants,especially in thewinter. How do greenhouses work? Greenhouses workby trapping heatfrom the sun. The glass panels of the greenhouse letin light but keepheat from escaping . How do greenhouses work? This causes thegreenhouse to heatup much like theinside of a car parked in sunlight,and keeps the plantswarm enough to livein the winter. The Greenhouse Effect

 The Earthsatmosphere is allaround us. It is theair we breathe. Greenhouse gasesin the atmospherebehave much likethe glass panes in agreenhouse. The Greenhouse Effect Sunshine enters the Earthsatmosphere passing through theblanket of greenhouse gases. As it reaches the Earths surface, land,water, and biosphere absorb thesunlights energy! Once absorbed thisenergy is sent back into theatmosphere. How do greenhouseswork? Some of the energypasses back intospace. Much of it remainstrapped in theatmosphere by thegreenhouse gases,causing our world toheat up. The greenhouse effect isimportant. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would notbe warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, itcould make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little warmingcauses problems for plants and animals. Greenhouse Effect Without these gases, heat would escapeback into space and Earths averagetemperature would be about 60 F colder. Because of how theywarm our world, thesegases are referred toasgreenhouse gases . What are these gases? The greenhousegases are: Water Vapour Carbon dioxide Nitrous Oxide Methane CFCs

WaterWaterVapourVapour There is more water in the atmosphere than carbondioxide so most of the greenhouse heating of the Earthssurface is due to water vapour. The water vapour content in the atmosphere is constantwhich means it hasnt changed. Water Vapour Water vapour is the biggest contributor tothe naturalgreenhouse effect Human activities have little impact on thelevel of water vapour. Carbon Dioxide Our atmosphere contains many natural gases other thanozone. One of these natural gases is carbon dioxide. Our atmosphere needs acertain amount of this gas.It is carbon dioxide that helpsto keep the Earth warm. Carbon Dioxide This gas holds in just enough heatfrom the sun to keep animals andplants alive. If it held in more heat than it does theclimate on Earth would grow too hot for some kinds of life. If it held in less heat, Earths climatewould be too cold. Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide is probably the mostimportant of the greenhouse gases and iscurrently responsible for 60 % of theenhancedgreenhouse effect Enhanced Human activities, not natural. Global carbon dioxide emissions Carbon Dioxide For the past 100 years,the amount of carbondioxide in our atmosphere seems tohave been increasing. Why is this happening? What is it doing to theEarths atmosphere?

Where do all the carbon dioxide gases comeWhere do all the carbon dioxide gases comefrom?from? Carbon dioxide Human respiration. Industrialization Burning of fossil fuel to generate electricity Burning of forest (lesser trees) CO2 is now 1 / 3 more than before IndustrialRevolution Carbon Dioxide Burning fossil fuels release the carbondioxide stored millions of years ago. We use fossil fuels to run vehicles (petrol,diesel, and kerosene), heat homes,businesses, and power factories. Nitrous Oxide Nitrous oxide makes up an extremelysmall amount of the atmosphere It isless than one-thousandth as abundantas carbon dioxide. However it is 200 to 300 times moreeffective in trapping heat than carbondioxide. Nitrous Oxide Nitrous Oxide has one of the longest atmospherelifetimes of the greenhouse gases, lasting for up to150 years. Since the Industrial Revolution, the level of nitrousoxide in the atmosphere has increased by 16%. Nitrous Oxide The impact of human activities Burning fossil fuelsand wood Widespread use of fertilizers Sewage treatmentplants Where do all nitrous oxide gases comeWhere do all nitrous oxide gases comefrom?from?

 Nitrous Oxide Vehicle exhaust Nitrogen based fertilisers Methane The importance of methane in thegreenhouse effect isits warming effect. It occurs in lower concentrations thancarbon dioxide but itproduces 21 timesas much warming ascarbon dioxide. Methane Methane accountsfor 20%of theenhancedgreenhouse effect. It remains in theatmosphere for 10-12 years. (Less thanother greenhousegases) Methane Human Activities An increase in livestock farming and rice growing hasled to an increase in atmospheric methane. Other sources are the extraction of fossil fuels, landfill sitesand the burning of biomass. Methane concentration in the atmosphere has morethan doubled during the last 200 yr. Some of thismethane is produced by rice fields

Where do all the methane gases come from?Where do all the methane gases come from? Methane Produced by bacteria living in swampy areas. Wet rice cultivation Waste in landfills Rearing of livestock When cows belch (burp) Each molecule can trap 20 times as muchheat as a CO 2 molecule.

Where do all the CFCs comeWhere do all the CFCs comefrom?from? CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) Aerosol sprays Making foam packaging Coolants in fridge and air cons Cleaning solvents Each CFC molecule can trap as much heat as100 000 CO 2 molecule. Can remain in the atmosphere for a long time(up to 20 000 years) Global Warming The average global temperature hasincreased by almost 1 F over the pastcentury. Scientists expect the average globaltemperature to increase an additional 2 to6 F over the next hundred years. Global Warming At the peak of thelast ice age (18, 000years ago) thetemperature wasonly 7 colder thanit is today, andglaciers coveredmuch of NorthAmerica. Global Warming Even a small increase in temperature over along time can change the climate. When the climate changes, there may be bigchanges in the things that people depend on. Global Warming Changes in someplaces will not begood at all. Human Health Ecological Systems(Plants and animals) Sea Level Rise Crops and FoodSupply Human Health Heat stress and other heat related healthproblems are caused directly by very warmtemperatures and high humidity.

 Heat stress A variety of problems associatedwith very warm temperatures and highhumidity e.g.. Heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Ecological Systems Plants and animals Climate change may alter the worlds habitats.All living things are included in and rely on theseplaces. Most past climate changes occurred slowly,allowing plants and animals to adapt to the newenvironment or move someplace else. Plants and animals may not be able to reactquickly enough to survive if future climatechanges occur as rapidly as scientists predict. Sea Level Rise Global Warming may make the sea levelbecome higher. Why? Warmer weather makes glaciers melt. Melting glaciers add more water to the ocean. Warmer weather also makes water expand. When water expands in the ocean, it takes upmore space and the level of the sea rises . Rising Sea LevelsRising Sea Levels When earths temperature rises, sea level is likely torise too: Higher temperature sea water to expand involume Ice caps at poles to melt Sea Level Rise Sea level may rise between several inches and asmuch as 3 feet during the next century. Coastal flooding could cause saltwater to flow intoareas where salt is harmful, threatening plants andanimals in those areas. Oceanfront property would be affected by flooding. Coastal flooding may also reduce the quality of drinking water in coastal areas.

Crops and Food Supply Global warming may make the Earth warmer incold places. People living in these areas may have thechance to grow crops in new areas. But global warming might bring droughts toother places where we grow crops. What Might Happen? This warming trend is expected to bringdroughts and flooding of low lying coastalareas as the polar ice caps melt and raisesea level. The expected negative impact of thegreenhouse effect on human life has beenassessed by some scientists to be secondonly to global nuclear war. Climatic ChangeClimatic Change Global warming will lead to an increase in theevaporation of water more water vapour. With more water vapour, more rain fall is expected. But it is not evenly distributed: Dry areas severe drought condition, water shortage and heat waves occurs Wet areas floods and avalanches (landslides) Climatic ChangeClimatic Change Other problems may arise: Destroy food crop rice, wheat and corn Affect animals need to migrate Encourage growth of weed and pests maylead to diseases like dengue fever, cholerawhich are deadly.

What can we do about it?

There are many little things that we can doto make a difference to reduce the amountof greenhouse gases that we put into theatmosphere. Many greenhouse gases come from thingswe do every day. Driving a car or using electricity is notwrong. We just have to be smart E.g.. Try carpooling Ways you can help make our planetbetter. Read Learning aboutthe environment is veryimportant. Save Electricity Whenever we useelectricity, we help putgreenhouse gases intothe air. Turn off lights, the televisionand the computer. Ways you can help make our planetbetter. Bike, Bus and Walk- You can savesenergy by sometimestaking the bus, ridinga bike or walking. Talk to Your Familyand Friends aboutglobal warming. Letthem know whatyouve learned. Ways you can help make our planetbetter. Recycle When you recycle, you send less trash to thelandfill and you help save natural resources like trees andelements such as aluminum. Recycle cans, bottles,plastic bags and newspapers. Ways you can help make our planetbetter. When You Buy, BuyCool Stuff Buy Products that dontuse as much energy Buy recyclableproducts instead of non-recyclable ones. Solar Energy can beused to heat homes,buildings, water and tomake electricity. Ways you can help make our planetbetter. Cars cause pollution and release a lotof greenhouse gases into the air. Some cars are better for the environment They travel longer on a smaller amount of fuel. They dont pollute as much. Using these cars can help reduce can helpreduce the amount of greenhouse gases inthe air.

What else can we do?What else can we do? To reduce the emission of greenhouse gases International efforts: Kyoto treaty (1997) was started to reduceemission of greenhouse gases by 5% of 1990s levels by 2012. Worlds major polluters Summary / ConclusionSummary / Conclusion Environmental Crisis will affect us: Health Air pollution asthma or other respiratory problems Water pollution poison our food sourcee.g fish Destruction of forest lost of possiblemedical solutions Property FloodsFloods property lost Pollution destroy streets and beaches Soil erosion desertification, lost of farmlands Summary / ConclusionSummary / Conclusion Environmental Crisis will affect us: Economic Costs Lost in terms of monetary values, industryand businesses. Money need to be spent to restore theoriginal Public Health Services need to beprovided by the government.

Made by -: Keshav KakadeKaustubh KhareBhupendrasingh Lohar Sandip Kokani

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