CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

As engineers we are quite capable of building impressive structures to survive in very hostile environments for extended periods of time (?)

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

However, much of our infrastructure is suffering from premature deterioration, failing to provide the (repair-free) service we expected.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

In 1991, a report from the Transportation Research Board estimated that the annual cost of bridge deck repairs due to the use of deicing salts may be as high as $200M, with substructures and other components requiring an additional $100M per year. Repairs on multistorey car parks were estimated to require a further $50M to $150M per year. Broomfield, 1997 B fi ld

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

In 1991, it was estimated that nearly 50% of construction expenditures were directed towards repair and refurbishment of existing structures. Mailvaganam

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Report Card for Americas Infrastructure BRIDGES: C Between 2000 and 2003, the percentage of the nations 590,750 bridges rated structurally deficient or functionally obsolete decreased slightly from 28.5% to 27.1%. However, it will cost $9.4 billion a year for 20 years to eliminate all bridge deficiencies. Long-term underinvestment is compounded by the lack of a Federal transportation program. ASCE, 2005

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

4-YEAR CHANGE (2005-2009) AVIATION: D (Down from D+) ENERGY: D+ (Up from D) ROADS: D- (Down from D) TRANSIT: D (Down from D+)

Estimated 5-Year Investment Need: $2.2 Trillion (Up from $1.6 Trillion)

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Condition Assessment: An examination of a structure for the purpose of identifying and defining areas of distress.
ACI 201.1R-92

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Inspection: Refers to the actual investigation of a structure. Often R f t th t li ti ti f t t Oft includes field and/or laboratory testing of materials or components. Condition Assessment: Refers to a more global approach to determining the current condition of a structure. Uses design, construction and inspection data to formulate assessment.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Types of Inspection: 1. Inventory Inspection 2. Routine Inspection 3. In-Depth Inspection 4. Interim Inspection 5. Damage Inspection

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Inventory Inspection (Global) First inspection when a structure becomes part of the structure inventory. May also apply to a change in configuration of a structure. Sets baseline for future inspections.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Routine Inspection (Global) Regularly scheduled inspection to monitor performance of a structure. Determine physical and functional condition of structure. Identify any potential or developing problems.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

In-Depth Inspection (Global) Close-up hands-on inspection to detect deficiencies not readily visible. More detailed than Routine Inspection. Often a scheduled supplement to Routine Inspection but at longer intervals.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Interim Inspection (Local) Scheduled inspection to monitor a particular known or suspected deficiency. Frequency will depend on severity of deficiency and rate of deterioration.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Damage Inspection (Local) Unscheduled inspection to assess damage resulting from a specific cause. Must be sufficient to determine need for restrictions/closure/repair. p Detail of inspection depends on extent of damage.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Assessment Planning Preliminary Assessment Preliminary Evaluation Cost-Impact Study Sufficient Information ??? NO Detailed Assessment Detailed Evaluation Cost-Impact Study Condition Assessment General Approach

YES

Recommendations Report of Assessment

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Assessment Planning Determine the general approach that will be followed during the condition assessment. - Why is the assessment being performed? - What needs to be investigated? What doesnt? - Who will be involved? What permissions are needed? - What portions/b ildings will be assessed? portions/buildings ill Remember the Golden Rule .. CONDITION ASSESSMENTS ARE EXPENSIVE !!!

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Preliminary Assessment Provides the initial data for estimating structural g adequacy and establishes the need/priorities for a more detailed investigation. Basic components: 1. Review of available documents 2. Site inspection 2 Sit i ti 3. Preliminary analysis 4. Preliminary findings & recommendations

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

1. Review of Available Documents Used to expedite the site inspection p p p process. Should include whatever relevant documentation still exists from the design/construction phase. Some documents to consider - design plans and drawings, d i criteria, calculations, specifications, d i design it i l l ti ifi ti soil investigations, as-built drawings, maintenance records. If not available, required info must obtained at the site.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

2. Site Inspection Allows confirmation of existing design information and g g assessment of the structural condition of the building. Things to look for - structural modification, deterioration of materials, discrepancies in documentation, weakness in structural members or connections, settlement or foundation problems, unusual structural features, changes in use of structure, obvious damage. Typically visual in nature with little or no testing.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

3. Preliminary Analysis Provides the basis for: - Estimating structural capacity - Assessing property damage - Identifying structural deficiencies w.r.t. codes - Identifying deterioration problems - Environmental effects on structure

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

3. Preliminary Analysis Key aspects to determine: y p - Loading and performance criteria (codes) - Identity of primary structural components - Material properties - Member and connection analysis - Nonstructural components - Exposure conditions

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

4. Preliminary Findings & Recommendations Report on the results of a p p preliminary investigation. y g Should include: 1. Description of building. 2. Description of loading and performance criteria considered. 3. Description of preliminary evaluation process. 4. Discussion of preliminary fi di 4 Di i f li i findings. 5. Recommendations concerning the need for particular actions (i.e. cease investigation, detailed assessment).

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Cost-Impact Study An estimate of the cost for rehabilitating the structure. g Should include indirect costs such as disruption of usage, temporarily vacating structure and detailed assessment if necessary. Will f form th b i f a d i i regarding th the basis for decision di the economic feasibility of the rehabilitation project. If it indicates that rehabilitation is economically feasible, a more detailed assessment may be required.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Detailed Assessment Purpose: p 1. Determine if the building satisfies required performance criteria or requires rehabilitation. 2. Identify deficiencies and recommend alternatives for rehabilitation. Similar to preliminary assessment but in greater detail and with more accuracy in order to increase reliability of recommendations. May require extensive investigative testing.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Cost-Impact Study Similar to previous cost-impact study. p p y A more refined estimate of the cost for rehabilitating the structure. Final decision of action is often based upon cost. May require multiple estimates for varying recommendations.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Final Recommendations Summary of the detailed assessment (if performed). y ( p ) Recommendations as to the appropriate course of action, which could include: 1. Acceptance of structure as is. 2. Rehabilitating structure to correct deficiencies. 3. Changing the use of the building. 4. Phasing the building out of service.

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure

Why do Condition Assessments? Safety y Economics

Total Cost

Repairs p

Modifications

Litigation g

Time

CIVE 527 Renovation & Preservation of the Infrastructure