Toets Vraag 1 Memo

a) [ 10 ]

i) P = i(t)*v(t) = 5*4e
-2t
A - - - - 1
P = 20e
-2t
W - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 (marks subtracted for incorrect units)
ii) w = int(P) = int(20e
-2t
)dt - - - 1
w = [-10e
-2t
] 0 tot - - - - - 2
w = - (-10) = +10 J - - - - - - - 1 (marks subtracted for incorrect units)
iii) Passive convention of figure shown (or energy +) Energy is absorbed - - - - - 2
iv) Energy is absorbed, and current and voltage are not derivatives of each other - - 2


b) [ 10 ]

i)
Two series resistors add 10+10 = 20 ohm - - - - - - - - - -1
Four parallel resistors add 20 || 20 || 20 || 20 = 5 ohm - - 1
Two series resistors add 5+15 = 20 ohm - - - - - - - - - - 1
Two parallel resistors add 20 || 20 = 10 ohm - - - - - - - - 1
Two series resistors add R
eq
= 5 + 10 = 15 ohm - - - - - -1
(Marks subtracted for any of these steps left out)

ii)
Voltage division V = V
s
*R/R
t
- - - 1
V = 10*30 / (10 + 5) - - - - - - - - 1
V = 20 V - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

iii)
I = V/R = 30 / 15 = 2 A - - - - - 2

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Vraag 4: Kapasitors & Induktors [20] Question 4: Capacitors & Inductors [20]
Vanaf die onderstaande sketse, From the sketches shown below,
i
s
(t)
+
v
L
(t)

200 mH
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
1
2
3
4
5
t
i
s
(t)
[ms]
[A]
i
s
(t)
+
v
C
(t)

1000 F
(a) bereken die stuksgewys kontinue
funksie vir die spanning oor die
induktor, v
L
(t), en stip die funksie
m.b.v. n netjiese vryhand skets vir die
tydsverloop vanaf 0 tot 50 ms.
[6] (a) calculate the piece-wise linear func-
tion for the voltage across the inductor,
v
L
(t), and plot the function using a neat
freehand drawing for the time interval
from 0 to 50 ms.
[6]
The question is almost similar to Hambley Example 3.6.
The rst step is to write i
s
(t) as a piece-wise linear function.
i
s
(t) =

250t 0 t 20 ms
5 20 t 40 ms
500t +25 20 t 50 ms
The next step is to solve v
L
(t) (piece-wise) for each time interval.
For 0 t 20 ms:
v
L
(t) = L
di
L
(t)
dt
(given)
= 0,2
d
dt
(250t)
= 50V
For 20 t 40 ms:
v
L
(t) = L
di
L
(t)
dt
(given)
= 0,2
d
dt
(5)
= 0V
For 40 t 50 ms:
v
L
(t) = L
di
L
(t)
dt
(given)
= 0,2
d
dt
(500t +25)
=100V
bladsy 1 van 5 page 1 of 5
Thus for 0 t 50 ms:
v
L
(t) =

50 0 t 20 ms
0 20 t 40 ms
100 20 t 50 ms
Finally we plot v
L
(t) for all three time intervals.
See also Hambley Figure 3.17 (b).
10 20 30
40 50
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
t
v
L
(t)
[ms]
[V]

(b) bereken die stuksgewys kontinue

funksie van die energie gestoor in die
induktor, w
L
(t), en stip die funksie
m.b.v. n netjiese vryhand skets vir die
tydsverloop vanaf 0 tot 50 ms.
[6] (b) calculate the piece-wise linear function
of the energy stored in the inductor,
w
L
(t), and plot the function using a
neat freehand drawing for the time in-
terval from 0 to 50 ms
[6]
The question is almost similar to Hambley Example 3.6.
The rst step is to write i
s
(t) as a piece-wise linear function.
i
s
(t) =

250t 0 t 20 ms
5 20 t 40 ms
500t +25 20 t 50 ms
The second step is to nd the general expressing for w
L
(t) as a function of i
L
(t).
w
L
(t) =

p
L
(t)dt
=

i
L
(t)v
L
(t)dt
=

i
L
(t) L
di
L
(t)
dt
dt
= L

i
L
(t)
i
L
()=0
i
L
(t)di
L
=
1
2
Li
L
2
(t) (similar to
1
2
mv
2
or
1
2
J
2
)
bladsy 2 van 5 page 2 of 5
The next step is to solve w
L
(t) (piece-wise) for each time interval.
For 0 t 20 ms:
w
L
(t) =
1
2
Li
L
2
(t)
=
1
2
0,2 (250t)
2
= 6250t
2

For 20 t 40 ms:
w
L
(t) =
1
2
Li
L
2
(t)
=
1
2
0,2 (5)
2
= 2,5 J
For 40 t 50 ms:
w
L
(t) =
1
2
Li
L
2
(t)
=
1
2
0,2 (500t +25)
2
= 25000t
2
2500t +62,5
Thus for 0 t 50 ms:
v
L
(t) =

6250t
2
0 t 20 ms
2,5 20 t 40 ms
25000t
2
2500t +62,5 20 t 50 ms
Finally we plot w
L
(t) for all three time intervals.
See also Hambley Figure 3.17 (d).
0 10 20 30 40
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
t
w
L
(t)
[ms]
[J]

(c) bereken die stuksgewys kontinue

funksie vir die spanning oor die
kapasitor, v
C
(t), en stip die funksie
m.b.v. n netjiese vryhand skets vir
die tydsverloop vanaf 0 tot 50 ms, met
v
C
(0) = 50 V.
[8] (c) calculate the piece-wise linear function
for the voltage across the capacitor,
v
C
(t), and plot the function using a neat
freehand drawing for the time interval
from 0 to 50 ms, with v
C
(0) = 50 V.
[8]
bladsy 3 van 5 page 3 of 5
This question is very similar to the example done by Mr. Nelius Bekker in one of the Thuesday lunch
hour lectures.
The rst step is to write i
s
(t) as a piece-wise linear function.
i
s
(t) =

250t 0 t 20 ms
5 20 t 40 ms
500t +25 20 t 50 ms
The second step is to nd the general expressing for v
C
(t) as a function of i
C
(t).
i
C
(t) =C
dv
C
(t)
dt
(given)

t
t
0
dv
C
(t) =
1
C

t
t
0
i
C
(t)dt
v
C
(t) =
1
C

t
t
0
i
C
(t)dt +v
C
(t
0
)
The next step is to solve v
C
(t) (piece-wise) for each time interval.
To minimise the writing, we set:
t
0
= 0ms
t
1
= 20ms
t
2
= 40ms
t
3
= 50ms
For t
0
t t
1
:
v
C
(t) =
1
C

t
t
0
i
C
(t)dt +v
C
(t
0
)
=
1
100010
6

t
0
(250t)dt +50
= 125000t
2
+50
Calculate v
C
(t
1
), the initial value for the next time interval:
v
C
(t
1
) = 100, V
For t
1
t t
2
:
v
C
(t) =
1
C

t
t
1
i
C
(t)dt +v
C
(t
1
)
=
1
100010
6

t
2010
3
(5)dt +100
= [5000t]
t
2010
3
+100
= 5000t
Calculate v
C
(t
2
), the initial value for the next time interval::
v
C
(t
2
) = 200, V
bladsy 4 van 5 page 4 of 5
For t
2
t t
3
:
v
C
(t) =
1
C

t
t
2
i
C
(t)dt +v
C
(t
2
)
=
1
100010
6

t
4010
3
(500t +25)dt +200
=

250000t
2
+25000t

t
4010
3
+200
=250000t
2
+25000t 400
Calculate v
C
(t
3
), the nal value of the voltage (see plot):
v
C
(t
3
) = 225, V
Thus for t
0
t t
3
:
v
L
(t) =

125000t
2
+50 t
0
t t
1
500t t
1
t t
2
250000t
2
+25000t 400 t
2
t t
3
Finally we plot v
C
(t) for all three time intervals.
0 10 20 30 40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
t
v
C
(t)
[ms]
[V]

bladsy 5 van 5 page 5 of 5

FAKULTEIT INGENIEURSWESE
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Elektrotegniek 143 Electro-Techniques 143
Hoof Klastoets
Main Class Test
4 September 2009
4 September 2009
Tydsduur:
Duration: 1.5h
Totaal:
Total: 80
Mede-Eksaminator Mede-Eksaminator
Co-Examiner Co-Examiner
Prof. H.C. Reader Dr. H.A. Engelbrecht
Mede-Eksaminator Mede-Eksaminator
Co-Examiner Co-Examiner
Mnr. P.J. Randewijk Mr. P.G. Wiid
Instruksies Instructions
1. Beantwoord Vraag 1 & 2 in een antwoordboek
en Vraag 3 & 4 in n aparte antwoordboek.
1. Answer Question 1 & 2 in one answering book
and Question 3 &4 in a separate answering book.
2. Toon alle berekening stappe duidelik. 2. All calculation steps must be clearly shown.
3. Die nale antwoorde moet in ink geskryf word. 3. The nal answers must be written in ink.
4. Punte sal afgetrek word indien antwoorde se een-
hede nie getoon word nie.
4. Marks will be deducted if no units for answers
are shown.
5. Sakrekenaars soos voorgeskryf vir die eerste
twee jaar van B.Ing. mag gebruik word.
5. Pocket calculators as prescribed for the rst two
years of B.Eng. may be used.
6. As daar, na u mening, enige parameters ontbreek
of verkeerd is, maak redelike aannames, verklaar
duidelik u aannames en gaan voort.
6. If, in your opinion, there are any missing or
incorrect parameters, make reasonable assump-
tions, stating them clearly and continue.
7. Indien daar n verskil tussen die Afrikaanse en
Engelse gedeeltes is, stel duidelik watter taal
se inligting u gebruik vir u antwoord.
7. If there is a difference between the Afrikaans
and English section, state clearly which lan-
guages information you are using.
8. Geen selfone word toegelaat nie. 8. No cellphones are allowed.
bladsy 1 van 4 page 1 of 4
Vraag 1: Alg. Stroombaan Teorie [20] Question 1: General Circuit Theory [20]
(a) Vir die onderstaande stroombaan ele-
ment, met v(t) =5 V en i(t) =4e
2t
A,
(a) For the circuit element shown below,
with v(t) = 5 V and i(t) = 4e
2t
A,
+
v(t)

i(t)
i. bepaal die drywing geassosieer
met die stroombaan element.
[2] i. determine the power associated
with the circuit element.
[2]
ii. bepaal die energie oorgedra vanaf
t = 0 tot t =.
[4] ii. determine the energy transferred
from t = 0 to t =.
[4]
iii. word die energie geabsorbeer of
gelewer deur die element?
[2] iii. is the energy absorbed or delivered
by the element?
[2]
iv. kom die element as n induktor,
kapasitor of weerstand voor, en
hoekom?
[2] iv. does this element resemble an in-
ductor, capacitor of resistor, and
why?
[2]
(b) Vir die stroombaan hieronder getoon, (b) For the circuit shown below,

+
30V
5
i
+
v

20
15
20
10
10
20 20
a
b
i. bepaal die ekwivalente weerstand,
R
ab
, soos deur die bron gesien.
[5] i. determine the equivalent resis-
tance, R
ab
, as seen by the source.
[5]
ii. bepaal v. [3] ii. determine v. [3]
iii. bepaal i. [2] iii. determine i. [2]
Vraag 2: Th evenin & Norton [20] Question 2: Th evenin & Norton [20]
Vir die onderstaande stroombaan, For the circuit shown below,

+
72V 6 2A
R
L a b
+
V
R
L
bladsy 2 van 4 page 2 of 4
(a) bepaal die Th evenin ekwivalente weer-
stand R
t
soos gesien vanuit klemme a
en b.
[3] (a) determine the Th evenin equivalent re-
sistance R
t
as seen from terminals a
and b
[3]
(b) bepaal die Th evenin ekwivalente span-
ning v
t
soos gesien vanuit klemme a en
b.
[5] (b) determine the Th evenin equivalent
voltage v
t
as seen from terminals a and
b.
[5]
(c) bepaal die kortsluitstroom i
sc
wat vloei
vanaf klem a na klem b wanneer die
klemme gekortsluit word.
[4] (c) determine the short circuit current i
sc
owing from terminal a to b when the
terminals are short-circuited.
[4]
(d) gebruik superposisie om die spanning
V
R
L
te bereken. Aanvaar die weerstand
R
L
= 6 .
[8] (d) use superposition to determine the volt-
age V
R
L
. Assume the resistor R
L
= 6 .
[8]
Vraag 3: Knooppunt en Maasanalise [20] Question 3: Nodal and Mesh
analysis
[20]
Vir die onderstaande stroombaan, For the circuit shown below,

+
10V
5
10
2
2A
4
v
1
v
2
v
3
i
1
i
2
i
3
(a) gebruik die knooppunt span-
ningsanalise metode om spannings v
2
en v
3
te bereken.
[12] (a) use the nodal voltage analysis method
to calculate the voltages v
2
and v
3
.
[12]
(b) maak gebruik van die maas-
stroomanalise metode en skryf die
twee relevante vergelykings neer
om die onbekende maas-strome te
bereken.
[8] (b) use the mesh-current analysis method
to write down two relevant equations to
solve the unknown mesh currents.
[8]
N.B. Moenie die vergelykings vir (b)
oplos nie.
N.B. Do not solve the equations for
(b).
bladsy 3 van 4 page 3 of 4
Vraag 4: Kapasitors & Induktors [20] Question 4: Capacitors & Inductors [20]
Vanaf die onderstaande sketse, From the sketches shown below,
i
s
(t)
+
v
L
(t)

200 mH
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
1
2
3
4
5
t
i
s
(t)
[ms]
[A]
i
s
(t)
+
v
C
(t)

1000 F
(a) bereken die stuksgewys kontinue
funksie vir die spanning oor die
induktor, v
L
(t), en stip die funksie
m.b.v. n netjiese vryhand skets vir die
tydsverloop vanaf 0 tot 50 ms.
[6] (a) calculate the piece-wise linear func-
tion for the voltage across the inductor,
v
L
(t), and plot the function using a neat
freehand drawing for the time interval
from 0 to 50 ms.
[6]
(b) bereken die stuksgewys kontinue
funksie van die energie gestoor in die
induktor, w
L
(t), en stip die funksie
m.b.v. n netjiese vryhand skets vir die
tydsverloop vanaf 0 tot 50 ms.
[6] (b) calculate the piece-wise linear function
of the energy stored in the inductor,
w
L
(t), and plot the function using a
neat freehand drawing for the time in-
terval from 0 to 50 ms
[6]
(c) bereken die stuksgewys kontinue
funksie vir die spanning oor die
kapasitor, v
C
(t), en stip die funksie
m.b.v. n netjiese vryhand skets vir
die tydsverloop vanaf 0 tot 50 ms, met
v
C
(0) = 50 V.
[8] (c) calculate the piece-wise linear function
for the voltage across the capacitor,
v
C
(t), and plot the function using a neat
freehand drawing for the time interval
from 0 to 50 ms, with v
C
(0) = 50 V.
[8]
Formules Formulas

e
kt
dt =
e
kt
k

cos(kt)dt =
1
k
sin(kt)dt
R =
l
A
q =Cv
C =
A
d

0
= 8, 85418710
12
F/m
=
0

r
i
C
(t) =C
dv
C
(t)
dt
v
L
(t) = L
di
L
(t)
dt
bladsy 4 van 4 page 4 of 4