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1 Compared with municipal law the various methods by which rights and \line \up0
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ely unsophisticated.\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs18\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs17 1 \line \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 Within a state, legal int
erests may be established by contracts between two \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 or more persons, or by agreements under seal, or under the developed sys\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 tem for transferring property, or indeed by
virtue of legislation or judicial \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 decisions.
International law is more limited as far as the mechanisms for \line \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 the creation of new rules are concerned. Custom relies upon
a measure \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of state practice supported by\ul0\
nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs21 opinio juris\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 and is usuall
y, although not \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 invariably, an evolving and
timely process. Treaties, on the other hand, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
are a more direct and formal method of international law creation. \par\pard\qj
\li871\ri599\sb0\sl-255\slmult0\fi226 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 States tran
sact a vast amount of work by using the device of the treaty, \line \up0 \expndt
w-1\charscalex100 in circumstances which underline the paucity of international
law pro-\line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 cedures when compared with the many
ways in which a person within \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 a state\u8217?s
internal order may set up binding rights and obligations. For \line \up0 \expnd
tw0\charscalex100 instance, wars will be terminated, disputes settled, territory
acquired, \par\pard\qj \li998\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li998\ri517\sb61\
sl-198\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 S
ee generally A. D. McNair,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 The Law of Treaties\ul0
\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , Oxford, 1961; J. Klabbers,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\f
s17 The Concept \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of Treaty in International
Law\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , Dordrecht, 1996; A. Aust,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23
\f24\fs17 Modern Treaty Law and Practice\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , \line \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2nd edn, Cambridge, 2007; M. Fitzmaurice and O. Eli
as,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Contemporary Issues in the Law \line \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 of Treaties\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , Utrecht, 2005;\u
l0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Les Conventions de Vienne de 1969 et de 1986 sur le
Droit des \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Traits: Commentaire Article par Ar
ticle\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 (eds. O. Corten and P. Klein), Brussels, 3 v
ols., \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 2006;\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 De
velopments of International Law in Treaty Making\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 (
eds. R. Wolfrum and V. R ben), \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Berlin, 2005;\
ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Multilateral Treaty Calendar\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f
23\fs17 (ed. C. Wiktor), The Hague, 1998;\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Multila
teral \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Treaty-Making\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\
fs17 (ed. V. Gowlland-Debas), The Hague, 2000; I. Detter,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f
24\fs17 Essays on the Law of \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Treaties\ul0\n
osupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , Stockholm, 1967; T. O. Elias,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\
fs17 The Modern Law of Treaties\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , London, 1974; D.
P. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 O\u8217?Connell,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24
\fs17 International Law\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , 2nd edn, London, 1970, v
ol. I, pp. 195 ff.; I. Sinclair,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 The \line \up0 \e
xpndtw-5\charscalex100 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties\ul0\nosupersub\c
f22\f23\fs17 , 2nd edn, Manchester, 1984; P. Reuter,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs1
7 Introduction \line \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 to the Law of Treaties\ul0\n
osupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , 2nd edn, Geneva, 1995; S. Bastid,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\
f24\fs17 Les Traits dans la Vie Internationale\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , \l
ine \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Paris, 1985, and S. Rosenne,\ul0\nosupersub\cf

23\f24\fs17 Developments in the Law of Treaties 1945-1986\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f
23\fs17 , Cambridge, \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 1989. See also\ul0\nosu
persub\cf23\f24\fs17 Oppenheim\u8217?s International Law\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f2
3\fs17 (eds. R. Y. Jennings and A. D. Watts), 9th edn, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 London, 1992, p. 1197; Nguyen Quoc Dinh, P. Daillier and A. Pellet,\
ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Droit International \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Public\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , 7th edn, Paris, 2002, p. 117; I. Bro
wnlie,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Principles of Public International Law\ul0\
nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , 6th \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 edn, Oxford,
2003, chapter 27, and M. Fitzmaurice, \u8216?Actors and Factors in the Evolution
of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Treaty Norms (An Empirical Study)\u8217?
, 4\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Austrian Review of International and European
Law\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , \par\pard\ql \li3851\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li3851\sb86\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\
cf17\f18\fs20 902 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw7940\paperh11960{\shp
-10000\shplid1
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010101006000600000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
00110803e7029703012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
0028a28a0028a28a00ffd9}}}}}\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1071}{\bkmkend Pg1071}\
par\pard\ql \li3006\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3006\sb20\sl-230\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs20 the law of treaties \p
ar\pard\qj \li884\ri654\sb211\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 special interests determined, alliances established and in
ternational or\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ganisations created, all by means of
treaties. No simpler method of re\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 flecting the agre
ed objectives of states really exists and the international \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex100 convention has to suffice both for straightforward bilateral agreements
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and complicated multilateral expressions of opinio
ns. Thus, the concept \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 of the treaty and how it oper
ates becomes of paramount importance to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the evoluti
on of international law. \par\pard\qj \li884\ri492\sb7\sl-253\slmult0\fi226 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 A treaty is basically an agreement between parties on
the international \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 scene. Although treaties m
ay be concluded, or made, between states and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
international organisations, they are primarily concerned with relations \line \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 between states. An International Convention on the
Law of Treaties was \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 signed in 1969 and came
into force in 1980, while a Convention on Treaties \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 between States and International Organisations was signed in 1986.\ul0\su
per\cf21\f22\fs18\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs17 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 The \li
ne \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emphasis, however, will be on the appropriate r
ules which have emerged \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 as between states. T
he 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscale
x100 partly reflects customary law\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs18\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs
17 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 and constitutes the basic framework for any \
line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 discussion of the nature and characteristics
of treaties. Certain provisions \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of theConven
tionmay be regardedas reflective of customary international \line \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 law, such as the rules on interpretation,\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs1
8\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs17 4\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 material breach\ul0\supe
r\cf21\f22\fs18\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs17 5\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 and fundam
ental \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 change of circumstances.\ul0\super\cf2
1\f22\fs18\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs17 6\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 Others may not
be so regarded, and constitute \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 principles b
inding only upon state parties. \par\pard\qj \li884\ri588\sb10\sl-250\slmult0\fi
226 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 The fundamental principle of treaty law is und
oubtedly the proposition \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 that treaties are b
inding upon the parties to them and must be performed \line \up0 \expndtw-1\char
scalex100 in good faith.\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs18\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs17 7\ul0\n
osupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 This rule is termed\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs21 pacta
sunt servanda\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 and is arguably \par\pard\qj \li1011\s
b0\sl-200\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1011\sb0\sl-200\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1011\ri6
08\sb72\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs1
7 This was based upon the International Law Commission\u8217?s Draft Articles on
the Law of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Treaties between States and Inte
rnational Organisations or between International Organi-\line \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 sations,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Yearbook of the ILC\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , 1982, vol. II, part 2, pp. 9 ff. These articles were appro
ved by \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the General Assembly and governmental
views solicited and received. A plenipotentiary \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscale
x100 conference was held between 18 February and 21 March 1986 to produce a Conv
ention \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 based on those draft articles. See As
sembly resolutions 37/112, 38/139 and 39/86. \par\pard\qj \li1011\ri525\sb1\sl-2
00\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 See e.g. the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs
17 Namibia\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, ICJ Reports, 1971, pp. 16, 47; 4
9 ILR, pp. 2, 37 and the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Fisheries \line \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 Jurisdiction\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, ICJ Report
s, 1973, pp. 3, 18; 55 ILR, pp. 183, 198. See also Rosenne, \par\pard\qj \li1011
\sb0\sl-200\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1011\ri603\sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 See e.g. the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Beagle Channel\ul0\nos
upersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, HMSO, 1977, p. 7; 52 ILR, p. 93; the\ul0\nosupersub
\cf23\f24\fs17 La Bretagne\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, \line \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 82 ILR, pp. 590, 612; the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Gold
er\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, European Court of Human Rights, Series A,
No. 18, \par\pard\qj \li1011\ri605\sb1\sl-200\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-1\chars
calex100 p. 14; 57 ILR, pp. 201, 213-14 and the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Li
thgow\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, European Court of Human Rights, \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 Series A, No. 102, para. 114; 75 ILR, pp. 438, 482-3. \p
ar\pard\ql \li1011\sb1\sl-175\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 See e.g. the
\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Namibia\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, ICJ R
eports, 1971, pp. 16, 47; 49 ILR, pp. 2, 37. \par\pard\ql \li1011\sb9\sl-195\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 See e.g. the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Fi
sheries Jurisdiction\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 cases (jurisdictional phase),
ICJ Reports, 1973, pp. 3, 21; \par\pard\qj \li1011\sb0\sl-200\slmult0 \par\pard
\qj\li1011\ri525\sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Note also the
references to good faith in articles 31, 46 and 69 of the 1969 Convention. See \
line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Nuclear Tes
ts\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 cases, ICJ Reports, 1974, pp. 253, 268; 57 ILR,
pp. 398, 413; the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Nicaragua \par\pard\sect\sectd\
fs24\paperw7920\paperh11960{\shp
-10000\shplid2
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01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
00110803e7029603012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
0028a28a0028a28a00ffd9}}}}}
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft858\shptop9073\shpright3067\shpbottom9443\shpfhdr0\shpb
xpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10001\shplid10001
{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\s
p{\sn fRecolorFillAsPicture}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fUseShapeAnchor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fL
ine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBe
hindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\shptxt\pard\plain \qj\sl125 \li0\ri0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 See e.g. the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Gab
\u269?{\par}}}}\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1072}{\bkmkend Pg1072}\par\pard\ql \
li3046\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3046\sb20\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex134 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs20 international law \par\pard\qj \li8
71\ri618\sb210\sl-255\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\
f4\fs21 the oldest principle of international law. It was reaffirmed in article
26 of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the 1969 Convention,\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs18
\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs17 8\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 and underlies every inte
rnational agreement for, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in the absence of a certa
in minimum belief that states will perform their \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 t
reaty obligations in good faith, there is no reason for countries to enter \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 into such obligations with each other. \par\pard\qj \li
871\ri646\sb0\sl-256\slmult0\fi226 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The term \u8216?
treaty\u8217? itself is the one most used in the context of inter\up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 national agreements but there are a variety of names which can be
, and \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 sometimes are, used to express the same conc
ept, such as protocol, act, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 charter, covenant, pac
t and concordat. They each refer to the same basic \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
activity and the use of one term rather than another often signifies little \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 more than a desire for variety of expression. \par\pa
rd\ql \li1098\sb2\sl-241\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A treaty is defin
ed, for the purposes of the Convention, in article 2 as: \par\pard\qj \li1324\ri
1039\sb180\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\f
s18 an international agreement concluded between states in written form and \lin
e \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 governed by international law, whether embodied
in a single instrument or \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in two or more rel
ated instruments and whatever its particular designation.\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs1
7 9 \par\pard\qj \li871\ri520\sb188\sl-255\slmult0\fi226 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs21 In addition to excluding agreements involving
international organisa-\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 tions, the Conventio
n does not cover agreements between states which are \line \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 to be governed by municipal law, such as a large number of commercial \
line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 accords. This does not mean that such arrange
ments cannot be charac-\line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 terised as internatio
nal agreements, or that they are invalid, merely that \line \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 they are not within the purview of the 1969 Convention. Indeed, articl
e 3 \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 stresses that international agreements b
etween states and other subjects \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of internat
ional law or between two or more subjects of international law, \line \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 or oral agreements, do not lose their validity by being excl
uded from the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 framework of the Convention. \
par\pard\qj \li998\sb0\sl-200\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li998\sb0\sl-200\slmult0 \par
\pard\qj\li998\ri518\sb71\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, ICJ Reports, 1986, pp. 392, 418; 76 ILR, pp. 104, 129
and the\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Legality of the Threat or \line \up0 \exp

ndtw-3\charscalex100 Use of Nuclear Weapons\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case,
ICJ Reports, 1996, para. 102; 110 ILR, pp. 163, 214. See also \par\pard\qj \li99
8\ri554\sb1\sl-200\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 J. F. O\u8217?Conno
r,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 Good Faith in International Law\ul0\nosupersub\
cf22\f23\fs17 , Aldershot, 1991; E. Zoller,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 La Bon
ne Foi \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 en Droit International Public\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf22\f23\fs17 , Paris, 1977, and H. Thirlway, \u8216?The Law and Procedure of
the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 International Court of Justice, 1960-89 (Part
One)\u8217?, 60 BYIL, 1989, pp. 4, 7. \par\pard\ql \li2176\sb5\sl-195\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17 \u305?kovo-Nagymaros P
roject\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 case, ICJ Reports, 1997, pp. 7, 78-9; 116 I
LR, \par\pard\qj \li998\sb0\sl-197\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li998\ri518\sb7\sl-197\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The same definition is given (substituting
states and international organisations for states \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
alone) in the 1986 Convention on Treaties between States and International Organ
isations \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and in draft article 2(1) of the ILC Draft
Articles on the Effects of Armed Conflicts on \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Tre
aties, A/CN.4/178, 2007, p. 5. See also H. Thirlway, \u8216?The Law and Procedur
e of the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 International Court of Justice 1960-1989:
Supplement, 2006, Part Three\u8217?, 77 BYIL, 2006, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 pp. 1, 3; M. Fitzmaurice, \u8216?The Identification and Character of Treaties
and Treaty Obliga\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 tions between States in Internat
ional Law\u8217?, 73 BYIL, 2002, p. 141, and P. Gautier, \u8216?Article 2\u8217?
\up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 in Corten and Klein,\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs17
Conventions de Vienne\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 , p. 45. \par\pard\sect\sec
td\fs24\ul0\nosupersub\cf999999\f1000000
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