NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction a simplified interaction criterion

This NCCI proposes a new expression for the verification of columns that will avoid the calculation of k factors in Annexes A and B of EN 1993-1-1.

Contents
1. 2. Simplified interaction criterion Background: derivation of simplified expression from EN 1993-1-1, Annex B 2 2

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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

1.

Simplified interaction criterion

The column is a hot rolled I or H section, or rectangular hollow section, The cross section is class 1, 2 or 3 under compression, The bending moment diagrams about each axis are linear, The column is restrained laterally in both the y and z directions at each floor but is unrestrained between floors;

For the design of columns in the following situations:

The following expression may be used to verify the member:

N Ed N min,b,Rd + M y,Ed M y,b,Rd + 1.5 M z,Ed 1 M z,cb,Rd

Created on Tuesday, January 31, 2012 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

This expression may be used within the limitations on value given in section 2.2.5. This expression is a simplified version of expression (6.62) in section 6.3.3 of EN1993-1-1. In deriving this expression kzy has been taken as 1.0 and kzz has been taken as 1.5. The parameters in this expression are as follows: NEd, My,Ed, Mz,Ed are as defined in EN1993-1-1 section 6.3.3. Nmin,b,Rd is the lesser of

z fy A y fy A and . M1 M1
f y W pl .

My,b,Rd is equal to LT

M1

Mz,cb,Rd is given by M z,cb,Rd =

f y W pl

M1

, which is the same as the design value of the bending f y W pl

resistance of the cross section Mc,Rd (=

M0

) when M1 = M0.

2.
2.1

Background: derivation of simplified expression from EN 1993-1-1, Annex B

Design expressions in EN 1993-1-1

Designing columns to EN 1993-1-1 requires verification according to expressions 6.61 and 6.62, given in clause 6.3.3(4) as shown below:

M y,Ed + M y,Ed M z,Ed + M z,Ed N Ed + k yy + k yz 1 M z,Rk y N Rk M y,Rk

(6.61)

M1

LT

M1

M1
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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

M y,Ed + M y,Ed M z,Ed + M z,Ed N Ed + k zy + k zz 1 z N Rk M y,Rk M z,Rk

(6.62)

M1

LT

M1

M1

For Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 cross sections, M y,Ed = M z,Ed = 0 .

Writing y

N y,Rk

M1 M z,cb,Rd , equations 6.61 and 6.62 become:

N Ed N y,b,Rd + k yy M y,Ed M y,b,Rd + k yz M z,Ed M z,cb,Rd 1

M1

as N y,b,Rd , z

N z,Rk

as N z,b,Rd , LT

M y,Rk

M1

as M y,b,Rd and

M z,Rk

M1

as

(ex 6.61)

N Ed N z,b,Rd
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+ k zy

M y,Ed M y,b,Rd

+ k zz

M z,Ed M z,cb,Rd

(ex 6.62)

2.2

Simplification

The determination of interaction factors k is made using Annex A and Annex B of EN1993-1-1. The values of these factors are often difficult to determine, especially when using Annex A. In order to avoid the time-consuming calculation of these factors, a simplified expression derived from (ex 6.61) and (ex 6.62) is needed. The simplified expression should use specific values for the interaction parameters that will be conservative over the practical range of bending of columns. For reasons discussed below, the chosen values are: kyy = kzy = 1.0 and kyz = kzz = 1.5. The range of bending moment diagram for which these values are valid is examined below. Because the same values are chosen for kyy and kzy, and for kyz and kzz, the use of a single expression is justified because with restraints at the same level in both directions, Nz,b,Rd will always be less than Ny,b,Rd. The expression in Section 1 therefore uses only Nz,b,Rd , which it refers to simply as Nb,Rd.

2.2.1 Use of kyy = 1.0

For Class 1 and 2 sections:

The value of kyy is given by Table B.2 and Table B.1.

N Ed k yy = C my 1 + y 0.2 N y,b,Rd

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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

but for plastic properties, k yy C my 1 + 0.8

N Ed N y,b,Rd

For valid design situations,

N Ed N y,b,Rd

1 , hence k yy C my (1 + 0.8 1 ) = 1.8 C my

1.0 1.8
y

Therefore, k yy 1.0 when C my

= 0.556 (but 0.4)

From Table B.3 for straight-line bending moment diagrams, C my = 0.6 + 0.4 Therefore 0.6 + 0.4 0.556 0.556 0.6 0.4 = 0.044 0.4 = 0.11

Therefore, using kyy = 1.0 is safe for

0.11

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For the case where the member is pin-ended (y = 0 and thus Cmy = 0.6), the use of kyy = 1 will still be safe if a lower limit to the value of NEd/Ny,b,Rd applies:
N Ed 0.61 + 0.8 N y,b,Rd 1.0 and thus N Ed 1.0 0.6 = 0.83 N y,b,Rd 0.48

For Class 3 sections:

Table B.2 says that kyy should be found from Table B.1 Table B.1 gives:
N Ed k yy = C my 1 + 0.6 y N y,b,Rd

N Ed but for elastic properties, k yy C my 1 + 0.6 N y,b,Rd

Because

N Ed N y,b,Rd

1 , k yy C my (1 + 0.6 1 ) = 1.6 C my k yy 1.6

Therefore, for k yy 1.0 , C my =

1.0 1.6

= 0.625 0.4

From Table B.3 for straight-line bending moment diagrams, C my = 0.6 + 0.4 Therefore 0.625 0.6 + 0.4 0.625 0.6 0.4 = 0.025 0.4 = 0.0625

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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

Therefore, kyy = 1.0 is valid for

0.0625

2.2.2 Use of kyz = 1.5

I and H sections For Class 1 and 2 sections:

Table B.2 says that kyz should be found from Table B.1 Table B.1 gives kyz = 0.6kzz, Therefore:
N Ed k yz = 0.6 C mz 1 + 2 z 0.6 N z,b,Rd

Created on Tuesday, January 31, 2012 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

N Ed but for plastic properties of I and H sections, k yz 0.6 C mz 1 + 1.4 N z,b,Rd

For

N Ed N z,b,Rd

1 , k yz 0.6 C mz (1 + 1.4 1 ) = 1.44 C mz k yz 1.44

For k yz 1.5 , C mz =

1.5 1.44

= 1.04
0 .4

From Table B.3 for straight-line bending moment diagrams, C mz = 0.6 + 0.4 And 1 1

Therefore kyz = 1.5 is valid for all cases

RHS sections

Table B.2 says that kyz should be found from Table B.1 Table B.1 gives kyz = 0.6kzz, Therefore:
N Ed k yz = 0.6 C mz 1 + z 0.2 N z,b,Rd

N Ed but for plastic properties of RHS sections, k yz 0.6 C mz 1 + 0.8 N z,b,Rd

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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

For

N Ed N z,b,Rd

1 , k yz 0.6 C mz (1 + 0.8 1 ) = 1.08 C mz

k yz

For k yz 1.5 , C mz =

1.5 1.08

= 1.389
0 .4

1.08

From Table B.3 for straight-line bending moment diagrams, C mz = 0.6 + 0.4 And 1 1 Therefore kyz = 1.5 is valid for all cases
For Class 3 sections:

Table B.1 gives kyz = kzz, Therefore for elastic properties of RHS sections, :
Created on Tuesday, January 31, 2012 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

k yz = C mz 1 + 0.6

N Ed
z

N z,b,Rd

N Ed k yz C mz 1 + 0.6 N z,b,Rd

N Ed N z,b,Rd

1 , k yz C mz (1 + 0.6 1 ) = 1.6 C mz
k yz

For k yz 1.5 , C mz =

1.5 1.6

= 0.938

1.6

From Table B.3 for straight-line bending moment diagrams, C mLT = 0.6 + 0.4 0.4 Therefore 0.938 0.6 + 0.4 Therefore kyz = 1.5 for
0.845
z

0.938 0.6 0.4

0.338 0.4

= 0.845

2.2.3 Use of kzy = 1.0

For Class 1 and 2 sections:

From Table B.2, for plastic sections:

N Ed 0.1 z k zy = 1 ( C m,LT 0.25) N z,b,Rd

N Ed 0.1 but 1 ( C m,LT 0.25 ) N z,b,Rd

, so that kzy is less than 1.0

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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

Therefore kyz = 1.0 is valid for all cases.

For Class 3 sections:

From Table B.2, for elastic sections:

N Ed 0.05 z 1 ( C m,LT 0.25 ) N z,b,Rd N Ed 0.05 but 1 ( C m,LT 0.25 ) N z,b,Rd , so that kzy is less than 1.0

Therefore kzy = 1.0 is valid for all cases.

2.2.4 Use of kzz = 1.5

I and H sections For Class 1 and 2 sections:

Table B.2 says that kzz should be found from Table B.1 Table B.1 gives kzz for plastic I and H sections:
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N Ed C mz 1 + 2 z 0.6 N z,b,Rd

N Ed C mz 1 + 1.4 N z,b,Rd

For

N Ed N z,b,Rd

1 , k zz C mz (1 + 1.4 1 ) = 2.4 C mz
k zz 2.4

For k zz 1.5 , C mz =

1.5 2.4

= 0.625

From Table B.3 for straight-line bending moment diagrams, C mz = 0.6 + 0.4 0.4 Therefore 0.625 0.6 + 0.4 Therefore kzz = 1.5 for
RHS sections
z

0.625 0.6 0.4

0.025 0.4

= 0.0625

0.0625

Table B.1 gives kzz for plastic RHS sections:

N Ed k zz = C mz 1 + z 0.2 N z,b,Rd

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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

N Ed but k zz C mz 1 + 0.8 N z,b,Rd

For

N Ed N z,b,Rd

1 , k zz C mz (1 + 0.8 1 ) = 1.8 C mz k yz 1.8

For k yz 1.5 , C mz =

1.5 1.8

= 0.833
0 .4

From Table B.3 for straight-line bending moment diagrams, C mz = 0.6 + 0.4 Therefore 0.833 0.6 + 0.4
y

0.833 0.6 0.4

0.233 0.4

= 0.583

Therefore, kyz = 1.5 is valid for z 0.583

For Class 3 sections:
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Table B.1 gives for elastic sections kzz:

N Ed k zz = C mz 1 + 0.6 z N z,b,Rd N Ed k zz C mz 1 + 0.6 N z,b,Rd

N Ed N z,b,Rd

1 , k zz C mz (1 + 0.6 1 ) = 1.6 C mz

For k zz 1.5 , C mz =

k zz 1.6

1.5 1.6

= 0.938

From Table B.3 for straight-line bending moment diagrams, C mLT = 0.6 + 0.4 0.4 Therefore 0.938 0.6 + 0.4 Therefore kzz = 1.5 for
0.845
z

0.938 0.6 0.4

0.338 0.4

= 0.845

2.2.5

Summary of limitations for proposed factors

The following tables summarise the maximum i values for the validation of the simplified interaction formulae using specific values for the interaction parameters (i.e. kyy = kzy = 1.0 and kyz = kzz = 1.5).
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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

Table 2.1

i limits for validity of kyy = kzy = 1.0 and kyz = kzz = 1.5 for class 1 and 2 sections

I and H sections kyy = 1.0 kyz = 1.5 kzy = 1.0 kzz = 1.5 -0.11 (see note) Valid for all cases Valid for all cases 0.0625

RHS -0.11(see note) Valid for all cases Valid for all cases 0.583

Note: If the column is pin-ended ( = 0), the simplified expression is still valid with kyy = 1,0 if NEd/Ny,b,Rd 0,83. This limit will usually be easily achieved.

Table 2.2

i limits for validity of kyy = kyz = 1.0 and kyz = kzz = 1.5 for class 3 sections

I and H sections kyy = 1.0

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RHS 0.0625 0.845 Valid for all cases 0.845

0.0625 0.845 Valid for all cases 0.845

kyz = 1.5 kzy = 1.0 kzz = 1.5

2.2.6 Summary of parametric study

A parametric study has been conducted of columns using the following sections: HD 400 237 HD 400 677 HD 260 93 HD 260 172 UC 356 368 202 UC 254 254 107 UC 102 102 30 HE 200B HE 340A IPE 330 IPE 500

All the sections were analysed in lengths of 4 and 8 m, and using both S275 and S355 steel grades. The applied forces were increased for each section until all of them were in the critical load, this is, until the sum of the three terms of the governing equation (whichever it was for each particular case) was 1. This lead to the following range of loads:

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NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction - a simplified interaction criterion (GB)

NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction- a simplified interaction criterion SN048b-EN-GB

0.725

N Ed N b,Rd,z

0.998

0 k zy 0 k zz

M y,Ed M y,b,Rd M z,Ed M z,cb,Rd

0.138 0.2737

This showed that for H-section columns with their height, h, approximately equal to their breadth, b, the proposed equation is safe for (y,z) of (0,0); (0,-0.5); (-0.5,0); (-0.5,-0.5).

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