Internet Service Providers

Laura Jeanne Knapp IBM Networking 1-919-254-8801 Laura@lauraknapp.com www.lauraknapp.com

IBM

Thomas M. Hadley IBM Networking 1-919-301-3052 tmhadley@us.ibm.com

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Networking - Connecting people to information through technology

Connecting to the Internet

Infrastructure ISP QWEST, Worldcom, Level3 Content ISP Exodus, Frontier, IBM

Internet
Service ISP AOL, MSN
Business ISP PSINet, C&W AT&T, Uunet

Consumer ISP Mindspring, Earthlink

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Networking - Connecting people to information through technology

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Global Tiered Structure

Internet
Packet Exchange Sites

First Tier Service Providers (National or International)

Regional ISP Networks

International ISPs National ISPs Long Distance Carriers On-Line Services Regional Phone Companies Regional ISPs Local ISPs Cable Companies ...
Corporate and user connection occur at any level of ISP network levels

Local ISP Networks

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Global Internet Backbone

Concentric AOL Ameritech SBC PSINet AT&T Sprint Mindspring SAVIS LDDS Digex UUNET
Peer

MSN Earthlink

AT&T

NAP

PSINet UUNET

NAP
Flash

NAP

C&W Uunet
Peer

Backbone ISP Provide connections across long distances National and international Carry traffic for smaller ISPs

High bandwidth packet exchange points Interconnection sites Network Access Points (NAPs) Commercial Internet Exchanges (CIXs) Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs)
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US Internet Backbone Providers

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Packet Exchange Points

North America Europe MAE Paris MAE East (MFS) Nordic exchange (dGIX) MAE Frankfurt MAE West (MFS) Irish Data Internet Neutral Exchange Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX) MAE Chicago (Ameritec) CERN exchange (CIXP) French (GIX) MAE Houston Swiss exchange (SIX) Belgian IP Interconnection Point (X-router) Slovak Interexchange MAE Dallas Stockholm Exchange (DGIX) MAE LA (PacBell) Czech Republic Internet Exchange London Internet Exchange (LINX) MAE New York (Sprint) Vienna Internet Exhcnage (VIX) Finnish CIX (fiCIX) Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Milan Inernet Exchange (MIXTRA) Danish CIX (DIX) Boston Exchange Roman NAP Deutsch CIX (deCIX) Boston MIX Spanish Neutral Interconnect Exchange Philadelphia Internet Exchange Moscow (M9-IX) Baltimore Internet Exchange StPetersburg (SPB-IX) Atlanta NAP Atlanta Internet Exchange PaloAlto Exchange Oregon Internet Exchange PAC Rim Puget Sound Regional Interconnect Africa/MidEast Northwest Internet Exchange New Zealand Internet Exchange (NSIX) Phoenix Internet Exchange Hong Kong Internet Exchange (HKIX) Israeli IIX Tucson Interconnect Japanese Internet Exchange (NSPIXP) Uniforums SA Internet Exchange Nashville NAP Imnet Latin America ISPA SA Internet Exchange Zions Hill Neutral new Zealand (NZIX) Telkom SA Internet Exchange The Arch Metro Manila (MM-MAP) InteRED Panama Canada NAP Western OX Internet Exchange LNCC PIR Montreal Exchange Sydney Internet Exchange Embratel PIR Perth Internet Exchange GT-ER PIR Brisbane Internet Exchange New Brazilian PIR

Cost to interconnect between $10,000 - $250,000/yr

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MAE-East Packet Exchange

See www.nlanr.net/ www.mfsdatanet.com

giga1/29 Giga1/29 Giga1/31 Giga1/32 giga1/35 giga1/36 giga2/12 Giga2/14 Giga2/15 Giga2/16

192.41.177.243+198.32.186.243 192.41.177.95 192.41.177.115+198.32.186.115 192.41.177.114+198.32.186.114 192.41.177.16 192.41.177.127 192.41.177.122 192.41.177.147+198 .32.186.147 192.41.177.3+198.32.186.3 192.41.177.13+198.32.186.13

gip-mae-e-fddi1-0.gip.net mae-east.ziplink.net mae-east.digex.net mae-east.wdc.compuserve.net mae-east1.ans.net mae-east3.cw.net mae-east.telia.net f6.peer1.wdc1.genuity.net mae-east.att.net core1.mae-east.teleglobe.net
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Networking - Connecting people to information through technology

Packet Exchange Peering Agreements

Internet
International ISP Networks Network Access Point

No peering defined between 1 and 3 Transit agreement between 2 and 3

ISP 1

ISP 2

ISP3

All traffic between 1 and 3 goes through NAP Settlements process still in development

Regional ISP Networks

Local ISP Networks

ISPs charge for peering services

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Networking - Connecting people to information through technology ISP_ 080

Hot and Cold Potato Routing

Peering site for IGN and Mindspring through MAE-East

Connected to IGN Alternate interconnection site for IGN and Mindspring www.lauraknapp.com IGN connection is 622 Mbps Mindspring connection is 150 Mbps

Cold Potato Routing (Best Exit Routing) First network carries packet as far as possible Hot Potato Routing (First Exit Routing) Packets are sent to destination network as soon as possible
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How can ISPs Control Traffic Flow

Border system:

Mindspring

Autonomous system: Single administration control Extensive information eschange Uses interior routing protocols

IGN

Separately administered Limited information exchanged Uses exterior routing protocols like BGP4

Uunet

BGP routers send out periodic updates on networks it can reach both owned and through peering and transit agreements ISP can control BGP advertisements and path selection CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) reduces number of routes that an ISP advertises by grouping IP addresses into groups
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Networking - Connecting people to information through technology ISP_ 100

Internet Service Providers

Come in all sizes Prices vary widely Many won't succeed
UUNET NAP NAP NAP DIGEX
GOODNET

AOL

AT&T

Earthlink

MSN

Mergers and acquisitions Access provider list http://www.tagsys.com http://www.isinc.com http://www.thelist.internet.com http://www.herbison.com http://www.ispfinder.com http://www.thedirectory.org http://www.cybertoday.com http://www.celestin.com
IBM

PSINet

MFS

IGN

MCI

Level3

Concentric ANS

C&W

Frontier

Sprint

www.boardwatch.com

Networking - Connecting people to information through technology

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Some Things to Understand About an ISP

Longevity Focus Infrastructure Speed (150 Mbps, 622 Mbps, Gigabit) Technologies (ATM, Frame, Sonet) How many nodes How many dial POPs How many NAP connections Who do they peer with With whom do they have transit agreements Backup, high availability Services Web hosting DNS Blocking SPAM prevention 24x7 help desk and network operations Web Servers/personal domain name Security services Daily list of network outages Guaranteed service level Driving high speed to homes/businesses Support for emerging technologies (IPv6, multicast, QOS)
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Networking - Connecting people to information through technology ISP_ 120

ISPs and Top Web Servers

Percentage of Web Sites

Uunet Sprint
IBM

C&W Frontier

Exodus Qwest

GTE Other

AT&T

Data on top 500 web sites from Media Matrix and MIDS
Networking - Connecting people to information through technology ISP_ 130

ISP Latency and Packet Loss

Latency America Online AT&T Cable and Wireless Concentric Network Digex Exocus Frontier Globalcenter Uunet
Latency less than 25 ms Packet loss less than 3% Latency 125 ms to 250 ms Packet loss 3% to 6% Latency greater than 250 ms Packet loss greater than 6%

Packet Loss

Based on MIDS methodology (US based)

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Networking - Connecting people to information through technology ISP_ 140

ISP : Caching and Load Balancing Capability

www.mycom.com

www.mycom.com

Director
www.mycom.com

www.mycom.com

Http://www.mycom.com Distributing public WEB servers is very popular Distributor products receive request to access WEB server and direct request to closest or least busy server: local and remote distribution Mirroring techniques can keep server information synchronized Investigate option of keeping WEB servers on ISP
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High Level Overview of ISP

Strengths Telephone Companies Money, name recognition infrastructure, experts in network services, have sophisticated billing, business units in place Many POPs, understand content and consumer dara services, consumer support structure, use whats available Name recognition, focus, experience in large-scale networking, fairly well funded, increasing POPs Close proximity to customers, local content, adapt to local conditions, lean with low overhead Many POPs in place, home access, healthy budgets, billing and support infrastructures Weaknesses Inexperience with data networks, internet knowledge, internal decision on internet importance Perception as not being real internet providers, not focused on business access

On-line Service Providers

National ISPs

Limited budgets, acquisitions and mergers

Local and Regional ISPs

Acquisitions and mergers, heavy competition, little capital for growth, small staff Infrastructure challenge, IP and data networking inexperience, reputations as unresponsive
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Cable Companies

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ISP Financials
Expect change - many ISPs eliminating flat rate fees ISPs pay for IP addresses as of 1/1/98 0 - 8,192 =$ 2,500/yr 8,192 - 65,535 =$ 5,000/yr 65,536 - 262,143 =$10,000/yr over 262,144 =$20,000/yr Backbone ISPs requiring payment for peering Sprint - Lateral Exchange Networking $6,000 one time setup fee $2,000 monthly maintentance $8,600 to $25,800 monthly fees UUnet Must connect with 45 Mbps line Peer in at least 4 locations Have a 24x7 help desk Many ISPs will offer premium services at a price
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Users $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Flash Net, NANDOnet, NetCom, Mindspring, MSN, AOL, Compuserve, Sky Net, Consumer ISPs $$$$$$$$$$$

MFS, Sprint, PacBell Ameritech, Uunet, PSInet IGN, GoodNet, ATMnet Backbone ISPs $$$$
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ISP Functional Offerings

Access to public Internet Intranet Extranet Private Virtual Networks Server Functions World Wide Web (WWW) Domain Name Services (DNS) News groups Mail Services eCommerce servers Streaming video servers Voice servers Desktop Videoconferencing servers Web hosting Security Network management Certificate of authority management
IBM

Advanced functions Transaction processing Database access Groupware access Terminal emulation Roaming internet service VPN services
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Networking - Connecting people to information through technology

ISP Operations
Support and Services Education and training Consulting Implementation Network management User services Design and needs assessment Pricing Direct access lines Port costs Dial access lines Traffic costs Premium services Applications charges User registration User administration Access links Capacity (aggregate) Exchange point access How many? How fast? Redundancy? Utilization statistics Guaranteed service levels
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Service Level Aggreement Availability Dropped connection Latency Throughput Time to logon

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ISP Interoperability
Your ISP

DNS Server

WWW Server

Client/Browser

Corporate Network Secure

Domain Name Servers

Corporate Network Not-secure

Router

Internet

Registering your network name Obtaining IP addresses Inter-operating with your IP addresses Router compatibility Network management
Client/Browser

Firewall Clients Servers (WWW and others) Public WWW Server

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Physical Connection to an ISP

User Analog modem ISDN Cable Modems ADSL V90 Organization Analog modem ISDN LAN connection Dedicated lines Satellite Emerging technologies Cable Modems ADSL V90
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Internet Problems
General slowdown Power lost to half of MAE-West Fiber cuts in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Baltimore Faulty DNS top-level-domains sent out Syn floods hit several ISPs Mail server outages by several ISPs Router table errors Spamming Internet traffic causing voice network gridlock Rat causes power outage at Mae-West Infamous 19 hour AOL outage

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ISP Response
IOPS.ORG formed Implement ways to resolve operational and reliability problems Have central point of contact for Internet problems Work with existing industry groups on resolving issues Work closer with product vendors to produce internet ready products Charter members: ANS Communications, AT&T, BBN Corporation, Earthlink Network Inc., GTE, MCI, Netcom, PSINet, UUNET
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ISP and Intranetworking

Human Resources Engineering WWW server WWW server Mail server

Internet

ISP

Marketing Manufacturing WWW server

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