Warehouse Storage Operation M.

Yasir Arafat

Dari Terima kasih & teruntuk

: Catatan kuliahku : Allah Swt and Greatest prophet Muhammad Saw

Alm. Ayahku, Ibukku tersayang yang baru saja menunaikan rukun islam yang ke-5, Kedua kakakku (Antasari Yasin & Zakaria) sebagai akuntan dan arsitektur di rumah kecil ini, Adikku (Ana Purnama sari) yang saat ini mendapat nilai cum laude; semoga senantiasa mendapatkan hasil dan pemberian terbaik, mereka yang saling memberi dan tersenyum (penghuni rumah nomor 19, 19A, 21B dan seterusnya) Almamater dan Sahabatku (M.Haposan diponegoro Siregar, BadBoy Fanji setionendi & Jono kamu kuat) serta sahabat-sahabatku lainnya. - 20 January 2012

A. Warehousing Warehouse (Go Down) is one of the storage facility transportation of goods from sea, land or air and is an important part of the displacement cycle of goods, can be divided based on the location and shape, length of storage time and type of cargo. 1. Warehouse based on the location and shape is divided into a) Closed warehouse is likely to lead to the ocean or overlooking the ocean side is used to store goods that must be protected from the weather and humidity / moisture b) Opened warehouse or so-called stacking yard (Container Yard) c) Field storage of goods in an open area while the location is not necessarily always in the port area, in this particular warehouse or industrial warehouses owned by the government. 2. Warehouse based on long time storage a) Short term storage is used for goods temporarily stockpiled or placed in the port, short term storage is needed, especially for loading break bulk cargo types such reason is because: To maintain the stability of the vessel or vehicle to the load For smooth implementation of administrative formalities To prevent damage to cargo or goods to the weather or other causes To charge or consolidate collection efforts while the benefits of consolidation is to Charge inspection and repacking. b) Long term storage is used for goods because of several considerations must be located in the port, while the usefulness of long term storage for the owner of the goods in this case Shipper / Consignee To maintain a balance between supply and demand of goods To gain market conditions To get the economic value of trade and transport To ensure smooth operation and ensure the sustainability of production and industrial process or fabrication. 3. Warehouse based on the type of load, divided into a) General Warehouse, is a warehouse used to store cargo general cargo

b) Special Warehouse, is a special cargo warehouse in the port area, is determined by the Customs and Excise c) Dangerous Cargo Warehouse, also called the warehouse fire that is used to temporarily accommodate cargo or goods that pose a fire hazard or any other hazardous material storage conditions should be protected and separately, can be closed, open, depending on the type of cargo. B. Location of warehouse and storage management principles A good warehouse must meet several requirements such as warehouse layout is good for the continued smooth flow of incoming and outgoing goods in addition to the principles of storage management and storage security, here are a few requirements : 1. The location of the warehouse should be as close as possible from loading and unloading of the reasons for conducting this activity is to minimize the transfer of goods or cargo 2. Warehouse must be in a position safe, easily monitored, free from flooding and not easily affected by natural disasters 3. Inflow and Outflow of goods must be balanced so that no idle-time 4. Storage-time of the goods should not be long 5. Floor level of a warehouse must be considered 6. Warehouse construction must be sturdy, not a lot of pillars, a sub-floor must also be robust to withstand the load cargo or goods that are stacked 7. Entrance and exit of goods must be balanced 8. The existence of the court are sufficient to accommodate unnecessary items stored in the warehouse as well as room for movement of the vehicle in drive and take the goods in the warehouse 9. Room for the officers 10. Special room for storing damaged goods also goods with expired storing time. While for the principle of storage management is to : a) Pursue the shortest possible stacking of goods in the warehouse system and policy b) Preventing the onset of the claim c) Ensure the availability of the accumulation and control of incoming goods out of or into the stacking area.

C. Warehouse function In doing so there are some functions of warehousing and warehouse uses are as follows: 1. Displacement (Transfer) 2. Receiver (Receiving) 3. Storage 4. Workmanship (Handling) 5. Delivery (Expediting) 6. Packing 7. Prevent the existence of idle time, especially in the cycle the flow of good distribution activities 8. Place of settlement administration / documents.

D. Storage operation Or warehousing operation is also called the fourth stage of the operations at the port and then there are some important steps to be aware of some of the principles in warehousing operations and should be identified in advance are : 1. Why would require storage 2. What type of your stack as required and in what situations 3. The pattern of trade routes both domestically and abroad. Warehousing operation is very important as a link between the sender and the recipient or the buyer and seller are 5 (five) stages in the course of an item in warehousing operations, especially in ocean freight that must be passed before the goods arrive in the market, namely: 1. Preparation at the factory or another and the transportation from the area behind / Hinterland 2. Goods must be collected and arranged in port warehouses 3. Voyage of goods from exporter to importer 4. Arrival and unloading process at the port of import and many others through the warehouse 5. Distribution to the recipient by land transportation or other transportation. Several things are noteworthy in warehousing operations, among others, regarding delays in administrative procedures such factors, among others:

1. Delays making the documents by the consignee 2. The document is incorrect or incomplete 3. Failure to pay the costs of port time 4. The slow process of documents by the competent 5. The arrival of the documents (B/L) Bill of lading is slow 6. Delays in receiving the licenses that are required (the mission of import licenses) 7. Delays obtaining permits a bank or other financial requirements. Then do not forget to clear picture of warehouse storage operation in the region, especially in the port work area we must first understand the layout of the storage operation with a few component likes : 1. Vessel 2. Whorft (Pier / Quay) 3. Sea side door 4. Shore side door 5. Door to open storage 6. Open storage 7. BAY 8. Door aisle way 9. Longitudinal aisle way 10. Safety aisle way 11. Custom office 12. Bonded store 13. Operator office 14. Space for cargo handling equipment In the warehousing operations of land area used to be very important because the more effective of the land in the warehouse then the congestion due to excess current flow of goods into the warehouse will not occur, therefore the understanding of warehousing operations we must know the effective area (usable storage area) here are samples to determine the effective area of a warehouse area.

If a warehouse has a length of 120 meters and width 50 meters with 10 pillars, with each measuring 1 m, 8 (eight) working lines with a wide door line aisle way 8 m, the size of BAY 20 x 15 m, width of the main longitudinal aisle way 10 m , office space with a size of 8 x 15 meters and then the room Custom office and bonded store with a size of 5 x 15 meters and 1 meters of safety space from BAY to the wall of the warehouse, so :

Length of warehouse Width of warehouse

: :

P = 120 m L = 50 m

8 broad line of work

8 (Ldas Pvak) 10 m (p 1 m 1m) 8 m 15 m 5 m 15 m 10 1 m (1 m P 2) + (1 m L 2 2)

= 1.280 m = 1.180 m = 120 m = 75 m = 10 m = 336 m + = 3.001 m

Main longitudinal aisle way : Office space Custom office and bonded Pillars Safety space Total used area : : : : :

Usable area Vast warehouse Area used

: = 6.000 m = 3.001 m = 2.999 m

Percentage for usable storage area

Usable area 100 % Vast warehouse

= 3.001 m 100 % 6.000 m

= 50.01 %

Next we will get to know some of the terms commonly used in warehousing operations have also become very important for the realization of a good warehouse operations, namely : 1. Holding capacity, also called the storage capacity that can be accommodated by a warehouse can be predicted with mathematical calculations or can be recognized if the room is fully stacking (maximum) with a reasonable compaction following is the formula of a holding capacity

Holding capacity = Usable storage area Stacking Height Stacking factor Note that the holding capacity is not determined by the area of the room alone, but the conditions and ways of handling the goods become an obstacle besides other operational problems also noteworthy 2. Stowage factor (sf), the general sense is the amount of space used in the unit (m) or units that have been converted to goods with a unit weight (tonnage) or who has been in the convert, a list of stowage factor becomes very important for warehouse workers to know effective storage in a warehouse, then to a list of stowage factor that uses cubic feet / ton (cubft / ton) we can convert them into a cubic meter / ton (cubm / ton) by dividing the value factor with value 35.32 or multiplied to the 0.028 factors, the following are example of how knowing the size of the room is used based on stowage factor, then we will start with the previous stages of the calculation as follows: First we must calculate the area of 1 (one) BAY / vak (cubm) with the formula

Vak (cubm) = Usable area Stacking height Total vak at warehouse From the data warehouse on top then we will get a result like this

: 2.999 m 3 m (note : varied based on the condition of warehouse) 10 vak

Thus, the volume in cubic meters of 1 (one) vak is

= 899.7 m

Next we`ll take an example if the vak will be in the content of goods / cargo as follows : a) General cargo weighing 250 tons with 2.8 sf b) The charge in the carton with a weight of 1 ton up to 20 pcs with sf 3.3 c) Payload with pallets weighing 1.2 tonnes up to 20 pallets with sf 2.8 Then asked : a) The area used (a, b, and c) ? b) Rest of vak ? Answer sf : = 899.7 m : 2.8 + 3.3 + 2.8 3 Total tonnage load : 250 + 20 + 24 : sf Total tonnage load : Vak volume Used area = 294 ton = 2.96

a) Available vak volume

The area used

= 870.2 m/t

b) Rest of vak

= 29.4 m/t

Keep in mind that the magnitude of stowage factor for each item varies according to the form of either volume or extent, therefore the changes that occur when the charge enter the area need to be noticed stacking for a possible need for the calculation of the average return sf, for the record and to note is that if the extreme lower (<) than 10 (ten) so the units is m but if larger (>) than 10 (ten) so the units is cubft (cubic feet). 3. Broken stowage, is the amount of room for a certain condition to be unused in the state in percent (%) due to: a) Space charge separation between the (separation) b) Because there is a prominent and difficult charge to compacted c) The space used for the separator cargo (dunnage) d) How improper preparation e) The rooms are unused because of the pallet placement.

For the computation of broken stowage, quantity broken stowage of a charge is the amount of space that can`t be occupied divided by the volume of space occupied and then multiplied by 100%, but first we must know the total volume of cargo in the trunk, the following formula is broken storage: BS = B A (cubic feet/meter) B (cubic feet /meter)

Where A is the volume of cargo crates / packaging and B is the volume of the room is occupied, then in general and can be used as guidelines that broken stowage for Homogeneous cargo (payload type) is 10% while for Heterogeneous cargo (cargo mixture) is 25 %, in fact broken stowage can`t possibly be avoided, especially in charge of general cargo where there are various types of cargo, packaging and sizes are different, therefore fit to optimize the space that can be done is to reduce broken stowage seminal possible, among others, by the way : a) Use of filler cargo b) Choose a suitable room for cargo or to match the available space and c) Skills and experience of the workers (clerks). 4. Stacking height, the easiest way to exercise maximum utilization of space is by way of a vertical stacking, but the poor preparation can result in a waste room and do not achieve the maximum stacking height, we can see that the high accumulation of goods in the buildup is an attempt to increase capacity room, other than that we should look at limiting factors of high hoarded goods, among others, as follows : a) The size of the goods b) Packaging / packing goods c) Safety of goods including man and warehouse floors d) Conveyances Forklift charge in this case. While efforts to reduce the damage we must consider the following matters :

a) Following the constraint handling proficiency level is usually no indication of a factory or sign Marking b) Taking into account the form of packing goods c) Taking into account the type of goods, cargo classification by grade d) Develop lighter items on top of heavy items e) Develop a small item on the pallet f) Use appropriate tools to handling the goods g) Dangerous goods must be guided by the Segregation table (table separation of dangerous goods). In the stacking height there is also a term Stacking factor is the buildup factor of a good relation with the storage of cargo and broken stowage factor, this implies for the high amount of the charge stacking in the warehouse, here is the formula of stacking factor :

= SF 100 BS 100

5. Floor area, this calculation used to determine how the unused floor area from the buildup of a type of goods, as for the formula that can be used are as follows :

= Heavy load Stacking factor Stacking height

6. Storage occupancy, is the average percentage of storage in a warehouse and then to know that we can use the following formula :

= Weight of goods stored 100 % Holding capacity