Apostila Ingles Interlagos

UNIVERSIDADE ESTCIO DE S
CURSO BSICO DE INGLS

NVEL 1
TURMAS DE INTERLAGOS
PROF. RITA DE CSSIA R. M. DE AZEVEDO

RITA.AZ@GMAIL .COM
SUMMARY
LESSON 1 - TECHNIQUES OF READING ........................................................................................................................ 5 1- SKIMMING ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2- SCANNING ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 400 ENGLISH WORDS IN A MINUTE ......................................................................................................................................... 5 FALSE FRIENDS .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 LESSON 2 - NUMBERS ................................................................................................................................................. 7 CARDINAL NUMBERS ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 ORDINAL NUMBERS ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 MONTHS OF THE YEAR .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 WEEKDAYS......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 HOW TO READ A NUMBER ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 ASKING THE TIME ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 LESSON 3 - CONVERSATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 10 CONVERSATION 1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 CONVERSATION 2 - INTRODUCING YOURSELF .......................................................................................................................... 10 CONVERSATION 3 - MAKING A PHONE CALL ............................................................................................................................ 10 CONVERSATION 4 - GREETING SOMEONE ............................................................................................................................... 10 CONVERSATION 5 - MAKING A PHONE CALL ............................................................................................................................ 10 CONVERSATION 6 - GETTING TO KNOW YOU ........................................................................................................................... 10 LESSON 4 - PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 11 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS .............................................................................................................................................. 11 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS....................................................................................................................................................... 11 TEXT: DO PARENTS KNOW THEIR KIDS? .................................................................................................................................. 12 LESSON 5 - INTERROGATIVE WORDS ........................................................................................................................ 14 RELATIVE PRONOUNS ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 LESSON 7 - AUXILIARY VERBS ................................................................................................................................... 18 CAN/ COULD .................................................................................................................................................................... 18 WILL/ WOULD ................................................................................................................................................................. 18 SHALL/ SHOULD ................................................................................................................................................................ 18 MAY/ MIGHT ................................................................................................................................................................... 18 MUST ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18 TASK ............................................................................................................................................................................... 21 LESSON 8 - PREPOSITIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 22 GENERAL APPLICATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 IDIOMS WITH PREPOSITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 24 TASK ............................................................................................................................................................................... 25 LESSON 9 - DETERMINERS OF QUANTITY .................................................................................................................. 29 UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 ADJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 29 LESSON 10 - DETERMINERS OF FREQUENCY .............................................................................................................. 32 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY .................................................................................................................................................... 32 ADVERBS OF INTENSITY ....................................................................................................................................................... 32
ADVERBS ENDING IN LY = ADJECTIVE + LY ........................................................................................................................... 32 LESSON 11 - HOW TO GET THERE? ............................................................................................................................ 34 THERE IS/ THERE ARE ......................................................................................................................................................... 34 CONVERSATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................... 35 LESSON 12 - MAIN VERBS ......................................................................................................................................... 36 1) REGULAR VERBS ............................................................................................................................................................ 36 2) IRREGULAR VERBS .......................................................................................................................................................... 36 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ...................................................................................................................................................... 38 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 PASSIVE VOICE .................................................................................................................................................................. 39 LESSON 13 - SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 41 TO / TOO / TWO ............................................................................................................................................................... 41 TO BORROW / TO LEND ...................................................................................................................................................... 41 TO REMEMBER / TO REMIND................................................................................................................................................ 41 TO RAISE / TO RISE............................................................................................................................................................. 41 MAY BE / MAYBE............................................................................................................................................................... 41 ALL / EVERY / EACH............................................................................................................................................................ 41 TEXT: THE INTERNET .......................................................................................................................................................... 43 GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGY OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 44 MATERIAL SUPPORT TO THE STUDENT TEACHING .................................................................................................... 45 QUIZ ......................................................................................................................................................................... 45
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Etec Paulistano Centro Paula Souza Prof. Rita de Cssia R. M. de Azevedo rita.az@gmail.com
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ei: bi: si: di: i: f dji: eitch ai djei kei l m n ou pi: kiu: ar s ti: iu: vi: dbliu: ks uai zi:
PRONUNTIATION (PRONNCIA) Um limb o seu brao, perna, ou o galho principal Voc limp quando voc machuca sua perna ou p. O "p" de uma rvore e o "b" mudo. pronunciado. Said / Set: pronunciar o "d" e o "t". Ex.: I Said o passado do verbo Set um verbo que pode significar 'tornar pronto' ou said I would set the table. to say (falar). 'colocar em uma posio especfica'. Zen / Then: pronunciar o "z" e o "th". Ex.: I Zen uma forma de Then um advrbio que significa 'naquele went to a class about Zen, then I went home. meditao. momento', 'depois daquilo', ou 'naquele caso'. Loose / Lose: pronunciar o "s" e "z". Ex.: My Loose termina com um "s" suave e Quando voc lose alguma coisa voc no ring is loose, I'm afraid I'll lose it. significa 'no apertado'. consegue encontr-la. Enfatise o "z" em lose. Statue / Stature: o final soa como "chew" e Uma statue uma grande Stature se refere altura ou ao poder e "chur". Ex.: We honor historical figures of escultura de um humano ou reputao de algum. great stature with statues. animal. Quite / Quiet / Quit: sons das Quite (kwite) costuma ser usada para Quiet (kwi-et) quer Quit (kwit) vogais. Ex.: I quit playing loud enfatizar - pode significar 'completamente', dizer 'pequeno barulho' significa 'cessar', music and now it's quite quiet. 'realmente' e 'a certo nvel' (I'm quite alone, - como em uma 'desistir' ou 'sair' I'm quite sure). livraria. Limb / Limp
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LESSON 1 - TECHNIQUES OF READING

Each person has his special and particular way of learning words in a foreign language, including: copy the word several times or simply write it to memorize it, listen and repeat the word; translate text or grouping them by theme. Something very important in the study of new words is the organization: some people write the words and hear the vocabulary whenever possible; others write the words on pieces of paper or make lists of words. Knowing a word is recognize it when it is written or spoken, reminding itself when it is needed. It is also important to know the meaning of the word, making the associations between positive or negative. TIPS: Read and memorize some words. Using cards, write in one side the word in English and in other side in Portuguese. Use a dictionary.
1- Skimming
Skimming is a high speed reading process and involves visually searching the sentences of a page for clues to meaning. It is mainly used when researching and getting an overall idea of the text and results in a lower comprehension rate.
2- Scanning
Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the page seeking specific words and phrases. Is a technique you often use when looking up a word in the telephone book or dictionary. You search for key words or ideas. It is a reading ability at high speed
400 English words in a minute

The text below is excerpted from an email circulating on the Internet and has some interesting information:
DADE capacidade cidade naturalidade simplicidade velocidade nao naturalizao observao sensao simplificao naturalmente oralmente totalmente TY capacity city naturality simplicity velocity nation naturalization observation sensation simplification naturally orally totally NCIA eloquncia essncia frequncia reverncia fatal natural sensual total ENCE eloquence essence frequence reverence fatal natural sensual total
AL
AL
TION
MENTE
LY
1) Derive adverbs from the given adjectives:

Actual Angry (furioso) Beautiful Extreme Fluent Frequent Gradual Heavy (pesado) Kind (amvel) Natural Patient Quick (rpido) Real Slow (vagaroso)
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2) Rewrite these sentences. Follow the example: Mr. Taylor is a rapid worker. He works RAPIDLY. (Taylor um trabalhador rpido. Ele trabalha rapidamente.) a) That programmer is a careful driver (Esse programador um motorista cuidadoso). _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) Those analysts are slow writers (Esses analistas so escritoires lentos). _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) Brenda is a hasty analyst (Brenda uma analista apressada). _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) John is an attentive operator (John um operador atento). _______________________________________________________________________________________
False friends
These are words that occur in modern English with similar spelling in Portuguese - usually derived from the Latin - which over the years have acquired different meanings to translate them into Portuguese. English actually advise army assess assist cigar collar college conceit deception educated exit expert guitar hazard large lecture library notice policy pretend push realize respite resume retire sensible terrific traduce Portuguese na verdade aconselhar exrcito avaliar, estimar, calcular ajudar, auxiliar charuto colarinho, gola universidade, faculdade vaidade, presuno fraude, engano instrudo, culto sada perito, especialista violo risco, dano, mal, perigo grande conferncia, palestra biblioteca notar, perceber, reparar diplomacia, poltica fingir empurrar perceber, dar-se conta repouso, intervalo, trgua recomear, retomar aposentar-se ajuizado, sensato extraordinrio, impressionante caluniar, difamar, criticar Portuguese atualmente avisar arma acesso assistir cigarro colar colgio conceito decepo educado, corts xito esperto guitarra azar largo leitura livraria notcia polcia pretender puxar realizar respeito resumir retirar sensvel terrvel traduzir English currently warn gun, weapon access watch cigarette necklace school concept disappointment polite success smart electric guitar mischance, jinx broad, wide reading bookstore news police intend pull accomplish, achieve respect sum up, summarize remove sensitive terrible translate
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LESSON 2 - NUMBERS
Cardinal numbers
1 = one 2 = two 3 = three 4 = four 30 = thirty 40 = forty 50 = fifty 60 = sixty 5 = five 6 = six 7 = seven 8 = eight 70 = seventy 80 = eighty 90 = ninety 100 = one hundred 200 = two hundred 9 = nine 10 = ten 11 = eleven 12 = twelve 13 = thirteen 14 = fourteen 15 = fifteen 16 = sixteen 17 = seventeen 18 = eighteen 19 = nineteen 20 = twenty 21 = twenty-one
1,000 = one thousand 10,000 = ten thousand 100,000 = one hundred thousand 1,000,000 = one million
1,000,000,000 = one billion 1,000,000,000,000 = one trillion
Ordinal numbers
1st = first 2nd = second 3rd = third 4th = fourth 5th = fifth 6th = sixth 7th = seventh 8th = eighth 9th = ninth 10th = tenth 11th = eleventh 12th = twelfth 13th = thirteenth 14th = fourteenth 15th = fifteenth 16th = sixteenth 17th = seventeenth 18th = eighteenth 19th = nineteenth 20th = twentieth 21st = twenty-first 30th = thirtieth 40th = fortieth 50th = fiftieth 60th = sixtieth
HOW TO READ A DATE: June 9th, 1941 November 16th, 2010
June ninth, nineteen forty-one. November sixteenth, two thousand (and) ten.
Months of the year
Weekdays
January February March April May June July August September October November December
How to read a number

Question: What room is Margaret in? Answer: Margaret is in room 162 one sixty-two. 815 eight fifteen. 2517 twenty-five seventeen. 103 one-oh-three. 431 four thirty-one. 319 three nineteen. 107 one-oh-seven. 658 six fifty-eight. 2318 twenty-three eighteen.
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Asking the time

What time refers to the hours clock. Question: What time is it? 10h10min Its ten after ten. 7h10min Its ten after seven. 3h15min Its a quarter after three 6h05min Its five after six. 16h20min Its twenty after four. a.m. 12 midnight 12 noon Example: What time is your class? Answer: Its half past three. (3h30min) 8h45min Its a quarter to nine. 13h50min Its ten to two. 10h55min Its five to eleven. 12h45min Its a quarter to one. 5h Its five oclock. p.m. 12 midnight
(before noon)
(after noon)
EXERCISE: 1) Answer these questions with the numbers in the brackets, as in the model: How much is this personal computer? ($790.00) It is seven hundred (and) ninety dollars. a) How much is this cell phone? ($250.00) _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) How much is this fax machine? ($308.00) _______________________________________________________________________________________
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c) How much is this TV? ($1,420.00) _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) How much is this laptop? ($2,200.00) _______________________________________________________________________________________ e) How much is this DVD player? ($565.00) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Answer the following questions with the numbers in the brackets. a) What's your phone number? (270-3941) _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) What's Peter's cell phone number? (579-6231) _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) What's Angela's telephone number? (481-0597) _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) What's the phone number of the hotel? (286-3047) _______________________________________________________________________________________ e) What's the law firm's fax number? (265-8019) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Give complete answer for these questions: a) Whats your telephone number? _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) Whats your address? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4) Ask and answer the questions as in the model: a) (you, 12/24) When were you born? I was born on December twenty-fourth. b) (Douglas and Michel, 8/13) ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) (your mother, 11/28/1967) _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) (Richard, 9/5/1990) _____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5) Maggie is the customer service representative at a wholesale store. Listen to her talking to a purchasing agent, Tom, who always wants better discounts: a) We give 1% off on orders of more than ten units. Only 1%? Cant you give me a 2% discount? b) We give 2% off on orders of more than twenty units. __________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) We give 3% off on orders of more than thirty units. ___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) We give 4% off on orders of more than forty units. ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON 3 - CONVERSATIONS
Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Introducing yourself
A: Hi. I'm _________. B: Hi, _______. Nice to meet you. A: Nice to meet you, too. What's your name? B: My name's ______________ A: Can you spell your first name, please? (or How do you spell your first name, please?) B: Yes. It's X-X-X-X A: Thank you! B: You're welcome.
Conversation 3 Making a phone call

A: Hello, John? This is Jane. I just found a brown wallet on my desk at work. Is it yours? B: No. Unfortunately, it isn't mine. Mine is black. But it might be Mary's. She lost hers, too. A: Okay. I'll call her right away. B: I hope it's hers. She was very upset when she lost it.
A: Excuse me. What time is it? B: Its ___________________. A: Are you sure? B: Yes, I am. A: Oh, no! Im late. Bye. Thanks! B: Bye, bye.
Conversation 4 Greeting someone

A: Hi, __________. How's everything? B: Fine, thanks. How are you? A: Great! (or Fine! O.K.! Pretty good! Not bad!) Who's that? B: That's my brother. A: He's very good-looking. (handsome, cute = gracinha) Shes very beautiful. (or so pretty) B: Id like to introduce my brother. A: Nice to meet you. C: Nice to meet you, too. (or Im pleased to meet you) A: Thank you. (or Thanks) C: Youre welcome. EXERCISE: 1) Answer these questions:
Conversation 5 - Making a phone call

A: Hello? B: Hello. Is __________ there? A: No. He / She isn't here right now. He / She is at the bank
Conversation 6 Getting to know you
A: So, where do you live? B: I live in So Paulo. And you? A: Me too. I live at 503, Ipanema Street. B: Oh, really? And where are A: Hello? you from? B: Hello. Is __________ there? A: I'm from Minas Gerais. A: Yes, He/ She is. Just a minute, B: How old are you? please. (or Just a moment, please.) A: I'm thirty three. A: Hello? B: Whos that? B: Hello. Is __________ there? A: Thats my brother. A: This is _________. B: Hes very good-looking B: Hi, _______. This is _______ A: Thank you. Well, nice talking to you.
What color is John's wallet? ________________________________________________________________ What did Mary lose at work? _______________________________________________________________ Is the wallet Mary's? ______________________________________________________________________ 2) Choose a word below and fill up in the gaps with word / expression with similar meaning:
sunshine mainly wild waking stand for likely usually issue everybody seldom freedom quickly
a) matter _________ e) rarely _______________ i) light of the sun ___________ b) everyone _______ f) principally ___________ j) represent ________________ c) commonly ______ g) not domesticated ______ k) not sleeping _____________ d) rapidly _________ h) liberty ______________ l) probably ________________
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LESSON 4 - PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

GENERAL FRAMEWORK:
Number Singular Singular Singular Singular Singular Plural Plural Plural Person 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd Subject Pronouns I you he she it we you they Object Pronouns me you him her us you them Reflexive Pronouns myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves Possessive Pronouns mine yours his hers ours yours theirs Possessive Adjectives my your his her its our your their
I X Me
The first refers to the person performing the action of a verb: I want to go (Eu quero ir). This is the one I like (Isto o que eu gosto). You and I need to get ready (Voc e eu precisamos ficar prontos). Tom and I are going to the movies (Tom e eu estamos indo ao cinema.) If John and I get married, we'll have two kids (Se John e eu nos casarmos, vamos ter dois filhos). The second refers to the person that the action of a verb is being done to, or to which a preposition refers: David told me to leave (David disse-me para sair). He gave me ten dollars (Ele me deu dez dlares). Between you and me, this is a bad idea (Entre voc e eu, esta uma m idia). She needs to talk to Joe or me (Ela precisa falar com Joe ou comigo). He told me to get ready (Ele me disse para ficar pronto).
Note: Don't use a subject pronoun and object pronoun together: Him and I or He and me are WRONG! The correct is: He and I are going to town. (Ele e eu estamos indo para a cidade). She told him and me the truth. (Ela disse a ele e a mim a verdade). Use the reflexive pronouns when both the author and the receiver of the action are the same: Your kids are old enough to take care of themselves. (Seus filhos tm idade suficiente para cuidar de si) / She hurt herself (Ela se feriu).
Use: Singular reflexive pronouns end in self. Plural reflexive pronouns end in selves.
Demonstrative Pronouns
this = este(a) these / those = esses(as) these = estes(as) that = aquele(a) such = tal those = aqueles(as) this / that = esse(a)
Indefinite Pronouns
as much = quanto few = pouco(s), pouca(s) various = vrios(as) nobody = nenhum(a), nenhuns, nenhumas as much = tanto everybody = todo(s), toda(s) many = muito(s), muita(s) other = outro whatever = qualquer / quaisquer somebody = algum(a), alguns, algumas
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Text: Do parents know their kids?

There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bulge bigger than even the baby boom at ______ (I) peak. In many ways, these teens are uniquely privileged. Theyve grown up in a period of sustained prosperity and havent had to worry about the draft (as _______ (II) fathers did) or cataclysmic global conflicts (as ________ (III) grandparents did). Cable and Internet _______ (IV) them access to an almost infinite amount of information. In survey after survey, many kids even those on the honor roll say that they feel increasingly alone and alienated, unable to connect with ______ (V) parents, teachers, and sometimes even classmates. Theyre desperate for guidance, and when they dont get _______ (VI) they need at home or in school, they immerse themselves in a universe out of their parents reach, a world defined by computer games, TV and movies, ______ (VII) brutality is so common it __________ (VIII) mundane.
Predict = predizer. Bulge = crescimento, aumento exagerado. Baby Boom = qualquer perodo onde o coeficiente de natalidade cresce de forma acentuada e anormal. Peak = pico. Uniquely = excepcionalmente. Sustained = sustentada. The draft = o projeto. Cataclysmic = cataclsmico. Amount = quantidade. Survey = pesquisa. Honor roll = quadro de honra. Unable = incapaz. Guindance = orientao. Brutality = brutalidade.
EXERCISE: 1) The following questions refer to the text: A) The gaps I, II, III, V must be satisfied, respectively, by: a) their its theirs - it b) its their their their c) it them its - them d) their itself ours - ours e) them their them - their B) Gaps IV and VIII shall be satisfied, respectively, by: a) given - become b) has given have become c) have given has become d) gave had become e) did give did become C) VI and VII gaps must be filled, respectively, by: a) which what b) where where c) whose which d) what where e) whose what 2) Using Possessive Pronouns, answer these questions like the models: A) Davids company is going to get a baseball team together to play on Saturdays against other companies in their industry (A empresa de David ir formar um time de beisebol para jogar no sbado contra outras empresas em sua indstria.). The jerseys they asked for just arrived (As camisetas que eles pediram acabaram de chegar.). Listen to David and his secretary. (Oua a David e sua secretria.) Which jersey is Jacks? Here. This one is his. (Que camisa do Jack? Aqui. Esta dele.) a) Which jersey is Anns? __________________________________________________________________ b) Which jersey is yours? __________________________________________________________________ c) Which jersey is Stans? __________________________________________________________________ d) Which jersey is mine? ___________________________________________________________________
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e) Which jersey is Rhodas? ________________________________________________________________ f) Which jersey is Mikes? _________________________________________________________________ B) Eric works in enginnering at a manufacturing company (Eric trabalha em uma empresa de Engenharia de produo). Listen to him showing some photos to his friend who works in finance (Oua-o mostrando algumas fotos para o seu amigo que trabalha na rea financeira.). Look. Heres a photo of the Hansons new house. But there are two houses. Which one is theirs? (Veja. Aqui est uma foto da casa nova dos Hansons. Mas existem duas casas. Qual delas deles?) a) Look. Heres a photo of our companys new. _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) Look. Heres a photo of Bills new car. _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) Look. Heres a photo of Amys new restaurant. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) Look. Heres a photo of my new house. _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ e) Look. Heres a photo of Dan and Donnas new laptop. _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ f) Look. Heres a photo of our companys new TV. ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Answer these questions: a) What's your last name? __________________________________________________________________ b) What does your last (or first) name mean? ___________________________________________________ You can try to find out at Behindthename.com, or any other name-meaning site. 4) Choose the opposites and answer these questions: a) Are you single or married? _______________________________________________________________ b) Are you heavy (fat) or thin? ______________________________________________________________ c) Are you tall or short? ___________________________________________________________________ d) Are these questions easy or difficult? _______________________________________________________ e) Is your house large (big) or small (little)? ____________________________________________________ f) Is the food at Outback Steakhouse expensive or cheap? _________________________________________ g) Are your neighbors noisy (loud) or quiet? ___________________________________________________ h) Is your father rich or poor? _______________________________________________________________ i) Is your car new or old? __________________________________________________________________ j) Are you young or old? ___________________________________________________________________
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LESSON 5 - INTERROGATIVE WORDS

1) Interrogative adverbs: WHY, WHEN, WHERE, HOW (Por que?, Quando?, Onde?, Como?) Why are you sad? Because my mother went to live in another city. (Por que voc est triste? Porque minha me foi morar em outra cidade.) Why did you miss the class yesterday? Because I was sick. (Por que voc perdeu a aula ontem? Porque eu estava doente.) When is your birthday? (Quando seu aniversrio?) When did you go there? I went there last Friday. (Quando voc foi l? Fui l na sexta-feira.) Where do you study? (Onde voc estuda?) Where did you leave my book? I left it on your desk. (Onde voc deixou o meu livro? Eu deixei ele em sua mesa.) How do you come here? I come here by bus. (Como que voc vem aqui? Eu venho aqui de nibus.) How is the weather in New York? Its sunny (cloudy, raining, snowing, cool, hot). (Como est o clima em Nova Iorque? Est ensolarado (nublado, chuvoso, nevando, frio, quente) 2) How + adject or adverb: HOW OFTEN, HOW OLD, HOW LONG, HOW FAR, HOW WIDE, HOW TALL, HOW THICK (Quantas vezes, Qual a idade, Quanto tempo, Quo longe, Quo grande, Quo alto, Quo espesso) How often do you go to the movies? (Com que frequncia voc vai ao cinema?) How often do you go to school? (Com que frequncia voc vai escola?) How old are you? (Quantos anos voc tem?) How old is your sister? (Quantos anos tem sua irm?) How long have you studied English? (Quanto tempo voc tem estudado Ingls?) How far is the town? It's 2 miles from here. (Qual a distncia para a cidade? duas milhas daqui.) How far did you go? (At onde voc foi?) How wide is the land? It's 30 yards wide. (Qual a extenso da terra? Tem 30 jardas de extenso.) How tall is the building? It's 150 feet tall. (Qual a altura do prdio? Tem 150 ps de altura.) How tall are you? (Qual a sua altura?) How thick is the wall? It's 1 inches thick. (Qual a espessura da parede? 1 cm de espessura.) 3) Interrogative pronouns and adjectives: WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH, WHAT (Quem, A quem, De quem, Qual, Qual/O que) Who is that boy? He is my cousin. (Quem esse menino? Ele meu primo.) Who locked the door? (Quem trancou a porta?) Who/ Whom did you meet yesterday? (Quem /A quem voc conheceu ontem?) To whom did you speak this morning? (Para quem voc falou esta manh?) Who did you speak to? (Para quem voc falou?) Whose glasses are these? They are mine. (De quem so estes culos? Eles so meus.) Which of your brothers is the eldest? (Qual dos seus irmos o mais velho?) What is he? Hes an engineer. (O que ele ? Ele um engenheiro.) What do you want? I want some coffee. (O que voc quer? Eu quero um caf.) Which color do you like best? Red or blue? (Que cor voc mais gosta? Vermelho ou azul?) What color do you like best? (Que cor voc gosta mais?) What color is your car? Its blue (light blue, dark blue, yellow, red, green, orange, purple, brown, black, pink, gray (or grey), white). (Qual a cor do seu carro? azul (azul claro, azul escuro, amarelo, vermelho, verde, laranja, roxo, marrom, preto, rosa, cinza, branco).) Red usually symbolises heat, passion, fire and anger. Yellow and orange are considered positive colors, representing sunshine. They stand for optimism and joy. Blue is the color that represents our emotions and moods. Black may reflect a feeling of depression and sadness. White is likely that you are feeling hopefulness and self-confident. Purple is considered the color of authority. It may suggest justice or a need to be more humble.
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Vermelho geralmente simboliza fria, paixo, fogo e raiva. Amarelo e laranja so as cores consideradas positivas, representando a luz do sol. Elas significam otimismo e alegria. Azul a cor que representa nossas emoes e humores. Black pode refletir um sentimento de depresso e tristeza. Branco como se voc est sentindo esperana e auto-confiana. Roxo considerada a cor da autoridade. Ela pode sugerir a justia ou a necessidade de ser mais humilde.
Relative pronouns
The relative pronoun refers to a noun (a thing, an animal or a person) previously mentioned and is used to link sentences. Quem? (pronome interrogativo) Subject who (that) Quem, que, o(a) qual, aquele(a) que Object (pronome relativo) Person Quem, que, o(a) qual, os(as) quais Object whom (that) Things Animals Person Things Animals Subject Object Possessive which (that) Qual, quais, que, o que, qualquer De quem? (pronome interrogativo) cujo(s), cuja(s) (pronome relativo) A mulher da qual eu estou falando minha me. The woman about whom Im talking is my mother. The woman whom Im talking about is my mother. The woman who Im talking about is my mother. The woman that Im talking about is my mother. The woman Im talking about is my mother. O livro que voc est procurando raro. The book for which youre looking is rare. The book which youre looking for is rare. The book that youre looking for is rare. The book youre looking for is rare. O homem cuja esposa est de azul um advogado. The man whose wife is in blue is a lawyer.
whose
O garoto que voc conheceu ontem meu irmo. The boy who you met yesterday is my brother. The boy whom you met yesterday is my brother. The boy that you met yesterday is my brother. The boy you met yesterday is my brother. O garoto que acabou de chegar meu irmo. The boy who has just arrived is my brother. O vestido que ela comprou adorvel. The dress which she has bought is lovely. The dress that she has bought is lovely. The dress she has bought is lovely. O co que tem uma coleira preta meu. The dog which has a black collar is mine. Aquela casa cujas janelas esto abertas. That house whose windows are open.
Note: preposition + Whom
preposition + Which
Whose + noun
EXERCISE: 1) Rewrite each sentence replacing THAT for WHO or WHICH: a) A green belt is an area around a city that stops cities spreading into the countryside. (Um cinturo verde uma rea em torno de uma cidade que no permite que as cidades se espalhem no campo.) ______________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) People that are physically active usually feel stronger. (Pessoas fisicamente ativas geralmente sentem-se mais fortes.) _____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) Leaders that encourage their followers to engage in wars should go to jail. (Lderes que encorajam seus seguidores a se envolver em guerras deve ir para a cadeia.) _______________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) Is there a definition of religion that can be accepted by everybody? (Existe uma definio de religio que pode ser aceita por todos?) _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Complete with WHO, WHAT or WHICH: a) _________ picture do you prefer, this or that? (Qual quadro que voc prefere, este ou aquele?) b) _________ painted that picture? (Quem pintou este quadro?) c) _________ is the matter? (Qual o problema?) d) _________ arrived first? (Quem chegou primeiro?) 3) Choose the correct option for each sentence: The author ___ plays are famous, has gone to London. (O autor cujas peas so famosas, foi para Londres.) a) whom b) who c) whose d) what e) which e) _________ is wrong with that exercise? (O que h de errado com esse exerccio?) f) _________ of these books is yours? (Qual desses livros o seu?) g) _________ went to London with you? (Quem foi para Londres com voc?) h) _________ language is the easiest to learn? (Que lngua mais fcil de aprender?)
The Milton Nascimentos latest record, ____ I bought yesterday, is extraordinary. (O ltimo disco de Milton Nascimento, que eu comprei ontem, extraordinrio.) a) who b) whom c) what d) which e) whose
The Titanic was going very fast, ____ was dangerous. (O Titanic estava indo muito rpido, o que era perigoso.) a) which b) what c) that d) it e) who
____ did they go to Europe? By ship, I suppose. (Como que eles foram para a Europa? De navio, eu suponho.) a) How long b) Where c) When d) How e) What time
4) Join these sentences using WHO, WHOM, WHICH or WHOSE. Follow the example: Look for the words. + The words are similar to the Portuguese. Look for the words which are similar to the Portuguese. (Procure as palavras que so semelhantes aos Portugus) a) Religion has to be adjusted to the times. + We live in these times. (A religio tem de ser ajustada aos tempos em que vivemos.) ___________________________________________________________________ b) Ask these questions to a classmate. + The classmate is next to you. (Faa estas perguntas a um colega que est ao seu lado.) ________________________________________________________________________ c) The ecologists are setting goals. + These goals are a challenge to society. (Os ecologistas esto estabelecendo metas que so um desafio para a sociedade.) _______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
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d) London had some space problems. + The solution to these problems was the creation of a green belt. (Londres tinha alguns problemas de espao que a soluo foi a criao de um cinturo verde.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ e) He was a tourist. + His credit card had expired. (Ele era um turista, cujo carto de crdito tinha expirado.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ f) Our coach is a man. + My sister would go out with him. (Nosso treinador um homem com quem a minha irm iria sair.) ___________________________________________________________________________ g) What is the name of the artist? + He painted Monalisa. (Qual o nome do artista que pintou a "Monalisa"?) ___________________________________________________________________________ h) Valery is not the girl. + The girl has traveled to India. (Valery no a menina que viajou para a ndia.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5) Underline the relative pronouns which can be omitted in these sentences: a) I believe in a supreme Power that has created the world. (Eu acredito em um poder supremo que criou o mundo.) b) The travel agency which sold me the ticket gave a discount. (A agncia de viagens que me vendeu o bilhete deu um desconto.) c) Paint the pot which you had carefully decorated with beans. (Pinte o pote que voc tinha cuidadosamente decorado com feijo.) d) The sculpture that the artist showed us reveals his great talent. (A escultura que a artista nos mostrou revela seu grande talento.) e) No, this is not the same person that I saw at the party. (No, esta no a mesma pessoa que eu vi na festa.) f) Joel selected the sentences which he could understand. Then he showed them to the student that was next to him. (Joel selecionou as frases que ele pode entender. Ento, ele mostrou-as para o estudante que estava perto dele.)
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LESSON 7 - AUXILIARY VERBS

In English, auxiliary verbs are verbs that only occur in the presence of another verb. The most common are verb to be, to do and to have.
Can/ Could
Can = Poder, ser capaz de, ter a faculdade de, ter a possibilidade de, ter a autorizao para, estar em condies de. Could imperative of CAN. Negative: I can not (I cant) (= no posso). Afirmative: He could have done it (= ele podia t-lo feito). As sure as can be (= com toda certeza, certamente, sem dvida). As happy as happy could be (= sobremodo feliz).
Will/ Would
Will = querer, desejar, estar inclinado ou disposto a. Auxiliary verb used in the formation of the future and conditional in 2nd and 3rd persons. It will be good (= ser bom). / She will leave tomorrow (= ela partir amanh). Would = past of WILL. Used in the formation of the conditional in 2nd and 3rd persons. / Would you mind? (=Voc se importaria?) Every day my father would go for a walk (= meu pai costumava dar um passeio todos os dias). He would smoke his pipe in the evening (= todas as noites ele costumava fumar seu cachimbo). Woulda (EUA coloquial) contraction of WOULD HAVE.
Shall/ Should
Shall = dever. As auxiliary verb indicates: a) future time. b) a promise or determination. Afirmative: I shall come (= virei) Interrogative: Shall I call him? (= devo cham-lo?) Should imperative of TO SHALL (= tem, dever, indica conselho) (= deveria). Advice (= conselho): You should study more. (= Voc deveria estudar mais). You shouldnt believe everything you read in the newspapers. (= Voc no deveria acreditar em tudo que voc l nos jornais). Interrogative: Should I tell her or should I not? Negative: I should not do that if I were you (= no faria isto se eu fosse voc).
May/ Might
May (= Poder) indicates uncertainty / to be allowed to (= para ser autorizado a). a) Possibility: It may rain today. (= Pode ser que chova hoje). / It may not rain today. (= Pode ser que no chova hoje). b) Permission: May smoke here? (= Pode fumar aqui?) Might = past of May. (= poderia). Remote possibility: It might rain this weekend. (= capaz de chover no prximo fim de semana).
Must
Must (= tem, dever, indica obrigao). a) Obligation / Necessity: You must stop smoking. (= Voc tem que parar de fumar). / Must you stop smoking? (= Voc tem que parar de fumar?) b) Dedution: He must be very rich. (= Ele deve ser muito rico). c) Prohibition: You mustn't get out of bed. = Voc no pode sair da cama. OUGHT TO (= tem, devia, indica advertncia).
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USED TO (como habitual, equivalente ao pretrito imperfeito do portugus). HAVE TO: We used to say that it is really necessary to do something. Have to is impersonal, or is used to facts and not to express feelings. You cant turn right here. / You have to turn left. (Voc no pode virar a direita aqui. / Voc tem de virar esquerda). My eyesight isnt very good. / I have to wear glasses for reading. (Minha viso no est muito boa. / Eu tenho de usar culos para ler). NEED TO (only in negative and interrogative forms). DARE TO (= ousar) / be allowed (= ser permitido). EXERCISE: 1) Supply the interrogative and the negative: a) You can add sugar to your coffee. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) They must work from eight to five. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) She must be home before midnight. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) Many communities can treat their water with fluorine. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ e) You must swim three hours a day. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Fill in the blanks using CAN or MUST: a) I ____________ study today because I have a test tomorrow. b) My sister _____________ play tennis very well. c) We _____________ wash our clothes; they are very dirty. d) My father ___________ get up at seven every day because he works in the morning. e) Joel ___________ swim two kilometers. 3) Fill in the blanks using MAY or MUSTN'T: a) She is very young. She _______________ go out in the evening. b) It _______________ rain today. c) They _______________ arrive late. Their car is broken. d) The children _______________ watch that film. It's very violent. e) The party starts at 9. We _______________ arrive there after 9.
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4) Complete with CAN, MAY, MUST or MUSTN'T: a) In the future people _______________ travel to Mars. (possibility) b) We _______________ reduce air pollution to a safe level. (obligation) c) Scientists _______________ give precise weather forecasts. (capacity) d) You _______________ damage the garden. (prohibition) e) They _______________ see their schedule now. (permission) f) I _______________ take the next train to Rio de Janeiro. (obligation) g) We _______________ order cheap beer from that store. (possibility) h) He lives in the country. He _______________ be a farmer. (deduction) i) She _______________ waste her time with that experiment. (prohibition) j) My sister ____________ dance rock-and-roll very well. (capacity) 5) Supply CAN or COULD: a) Paul ___________ play the violin when he was young. b) We ___________ go to the restaurant after the game today. c) I ___________ see Jane in the concert last week. d) My parents ___________ travel to Italy last year. e) ___________ you get an invitation for the opera in the afternoon? f) ___________ she read this book in two days? g) They ___________ speak English and French very well. h) ___________ I help you? i) Water ___________ turn into ice. 6) Pass the following sentences to conditional (would): a) The boys eat cake. ________________________________________________ b) The teacher plays the piano._________________________________________ c) Mike works at home._______________________________________________ d) He likes to wash the car.____________________________________________ 7) Refhrase each sentence by using MAY, MUST or COULD: a) Are people allowed to take photos in this museum? (As pessoas esto autorizadas a tirar fotos nesse museu?) ________________________________________________________________________________ b) You have to study hard if you want to pass. (Voc tem que estudar muito se quiser passar.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) Yesterday Guga was not able to play so well. (Guga ontem no foi capaz de jogar to bem.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) He is probably very tired after working so much. (Ele provavelmente est cansado depois de trabalhar tanto.) _________________________________________________________________________________
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Task
Subject: Professions and Jobs. What do they have to do? The subject of this task is the daily routines for certain professions: what 'we do routinely,' what 'we do out of obligation' and what we are 'prohibited from doing. For example: HAVE TO: I have to get up early on Mondays and Wednesdays. You dont have to copy the lesson now. MUST: I must finish my homework before my father arrives. Must we answer all the 60 questions? MUSTNT: You mustnt walk on the grass. We mustnt cross the street here. Activity: Presentation of a seminar held in groups. Each group will randomly select a profession or occupation and establish ten sentences (two sentences for each component of the group: HAVE TO, MUST and MUSTNT) with the professional activities that have to do routinely, others who are obliged to do, and others are forbidden to do. After checking the correctness of the task, the group will present their work to the class. The work will be finalized in the Power Point program and may have photos, drawings or pictures, which will make the presentations more dynamic and interesting. Evaluation: We will evaluate your posture and oral presentation of each student. If the student does not have the ability in speaking the English language, he or she can read only the translation into Portuguese. Professions or occupations: Baker / Cook / Chef Bus driver / Pilot Dentist Film director Genetic engineer Hairdresser Interior designer / architect Journalist Lawyer Manager Marine biologist Musician Nurse/ doctor / psychologist Salesperson / Clerk Secretary / receptionist Soldier Teacher Tourist guide Veterinary (Vet)
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LESSON 8 - PREPOSITIONS
The prepositions in English have a much wider use, with each of them expressing: time, place, possession, purpose, content, price, etc. These are the most important of the English Language:
about above across after against along among around / round at away back before behind below beside besides between beyond but = except by down during far (from) for forward from in in front of inside into like near next to of off = not on on out of outside over past since toward(s) through till/ untill to under up upon with within without por volta de, a cerca de, sobre, a respeito de, quase, aproximadamente, em todo lugar, por toda parte acima de, num nvel superior, mais alto, maior em n, preo, peso, etc. atravs de, de um lado para o lado oposto depois de, aps contra ao longo de (acompanhar o sentido de) entre (vrias pessoas ou coisas), cercado por, no meio de em volta de, em torno de, cercar, rodear, por toda parte, em todo lugar a, em (indica o local exato, especfico) afastado de, longe de, fora atrs, para trs, (posio traseira) antes de, em frente a atrs de, na parte de trs abaixo de, num nvel inferior, mais baixo que ao lado de alm de, bem como entre (duas coisas ou pessoas) mais tarde que; alm de, mais longe que exceto por, com, perto de, de ( meios de locomoo; autoria; agente da voz passiva) para baixo, abaixo, de cima para baixo, na parte mais baixa durante longe de, distante de as far as = at por, durante, para, a fim de adiante, para frente desde, de (origem, procedncia), o incio, o ponto de partida, causa, razo, motivo, separado de, distante de em, dentro de, adentro, (posio interior) na frente de, em frente de dentro de para dentro de, em (para verbos de movimento), mudana de estado ou condio; resultado; diviso em partes como, igual, a semelhana de perto de, prximo a prximo de; ao lado de de (posse, entre vrios) fim da ao, para fora de incio da ao, sobre, em cima de (em contato com a superfcie) fora de, (posio exterior), sem fora de, do lado de fora verticalmente sobre, bem em cima de (sem contato com a superfcie), por toda parte, mais de (n, preo, peso, etc.), por cima de, superioridade depois de, alm de, diante de desde em direo a, para com passar atravs de, entrar por um lado e sair por outro at a, com, para, at, em direo a, o ponto de chegada verticalmente sob, debaixo de, menos de, inferior a, submetido a para cima, acima de, de baixo para cima, para o alto em posio vertical sobre, em cima de com (instrumento com o qual a ao foi feita) dentro de, ao alcance de sem time / place place place time purpose place place place time / place place place time place place place purpose place time / place purpose place place time place time place time / place / purpose time / place place place place / content purpose place place possession purpose / place purpose / time / place place / possession place place / possession time time place place time time / place place / purpose place place possession place possession
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General application
- Something with sides (a box, a house, a car, etc.) - Also with garden, park, field, countryside.
- Place
- Place - Time
- A line or surface (a wall, table, floor, etc.) - Time - Somethings with sides (a box, a house, a car) - Also with garden, park, field, countryside. - Surface (a wall, table, floor, etc.)
- A line or surface (a wall, table, floor, etc.)
Less specific
IN
ON
TIME For large units (month, season, year, century): in March, in winter, in 1974, in the 20th century. For times of the day: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening. For medium units (weekdays, dates): on Sunday, on March 13th, on Christmas day, on New Years eve. For small units (hours, ages, name of festivals and celebrations): at night, at two oclock, at six p.m., at noon, at midnight, at 32 years old, at ones age, at Christmas, at Easter.
PLACE (continents, states, countries, cities, villages): in Europe, in Sao Paulo, in France, in Campinas, in Greenwich Village. (the Continent, streets, avenues and squares): on the Continent, on Tibiria St., on Ipiranga Ave., on Times Square. (address, number of home and towns): at 1142, Ipiranga Ave., at Sao Paulo.
AT
More specific
Note: The day is more important that the month of the year, the century, the time, the seasons, etc.Therefore always be used "on" with the day regardless of other indications of time. She was born in 1974. She was born in August, 1974. She was born on August 26, 1974. He always visits us at Christmas. He always visits us on Christmas day.
Seasons:
Cardinal points:
North Northeast Northwest South Southeast Southwest East West
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Idioms with prepositions

At (the) most: no mximo. At first sight: primeira vista. At least: no mnimo, pelo menos. At the expense of: s custas de. contra). By chance: por acaso. By the way: a propsito. Fall from: cair de. At breakfast: no desjejum. At full speed: a toda velocidade. At school: na escola. At sea: no mar. At war (with, At church: na igreja. At home: em casa. At work: no trabalho. against): em guerra (com,
By heart: de cor, de memria. By mistake: por engano. (All) by oneself: (completamente) sozinho. Hide from: esconder-se de. Separate from: separar de.
Note: We say: by air, sea, land, car, bus, taxi, ship, boat, plane; on foot, horseback, a bycicle.
Free from: livre de.
In a hurry: com pressa, apressado. In blue: vestindo roupa azul. In charge of: encarregado, responsvel por. In trouble: em dificuldade, com problemas. In touch (with): em contato com, em comunicao.
In love: apaixonado. In brown shoes: usando sapatos marrons. In favor (of): a favor de, do lado de; apoiar. In spite of = despite: apesar de, a despeito de. In fact: de fato, na verdade.
Note: We say: in a car, truck, taxi; on a bus, train, ship, boat, plane.
Off duty: de folga, no estar de servio. To take off: despir; tirar roupas, chapu, sapatos, etc. To turn off: desligar (a luz, aparelhos eltricos). On a diet: de dieta. On business: a negcios. On duty: estar de servio. On fire: em chamas. On purpose: de propsito. On sale: em liquidao. On strike: em greve. On the radio: no rdio. On TV: na televiso. On vacation: de frias. To turn on: ligar (a luz, aparelhos eltricos). On the contrary, on the other hand: ao contrrio. To put on: vestir, colocar roupas, chapu, sapatos, etc. Out of control: descontrolado. Out of date: desatualizado. Out of order: no funcionando; quebrado. Go to America: ir Amrica. Go to bed: ir para a cama. EXERCISE: 1) Complete with AT/ BEHIND/ BETWEEN/ IN FRONT OF/ IN/ INTO/ NEAR/ NEXT TO/ ON or UNDER: a) A bird flew _______ the kitchen through the window. (Um pssaro voou para dentro da cozinha atravs da janela). b) Linda's house is the blue one ________ the end of the street. (A casa de Linda a azul no final da rua). c) Look at those people swimming ________ the river. (Olhe aquelas pessoas nadando dentro do rio). d) She got out of the car and went ________ a shop. (Ela saiu do carro e foi para dentro da loja). e) The briefcase is ________ the television. (A maleta est na frente da televiso). f) The comb is ________ the hairbrush. (O pente est ao lado da escova de cabelo). g) The notebooks are ________ the dictionary. (Os cadernos esto debaixo do dicionrio). h) The parking lot is ________ the bank. (O estacionamento est atrs do banco). i) The restaurant is ________ a drugstore and a bookstore. (O restaurante est entre a farmcia e a livraria). j) The supermarket is ________ the store. (O supermercado perto da loja). k) The umbrella is ________ the keys. (O guarda-chuva est perto das chaves). l) The wallet is ________ the newspaper. (A carteira est debaixo do jornal). m) There is a gas station ________ the hotel. (H um posto de gasolina atrs do hotel). n) There is a gas station ________ the parking lot. (H um posto de gasolina ao lado do estacionamento). Out of fashion: fora da moda. Go to the bank: ir ao banco.
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o) There is a label ________ the bottle. (H um rtulo na garrafa). p) There is a newsstand ________ the hotel. (H uma banca de jornal na frente do hotel). q) There is a notice ________ the door. It says 'Do not disturb'. (H um aviso na porta. Ele diz 'No incomode'). r) There is some water ________ the bottle. (H alguma gua dentro da garrafa) s) There is somebody ______ the door. Shall I go and see who it is? (H algum na porta. Eu deveria ir e ver quem ?) t) When you leave the hotel, please leave your key ________ reception. (Quando voc deixar o hotel, por favor, deixe sua chave na recepo). u) Who is that man standing ________ the bus stop? (Quem aquele homem de p no ponto de nibus?). 2) Which prepositions do we use with these verbs? Mark the letter P or M after the verbs which go with prepositions of Position (at, on, in) or Movement (to, from, into, out of, off) Drive (dirigir) Stay (ficar) Arrive (chegar) Take (pegar) Stop (parar) Run (correr) Work (trabalhar) Carry (carregar) Walk (andar) Be (ser, estar) Ride (montar, subir) Come (vir) Move (mover) Park (estacionar) Fall (cair) Sleep (dormir) Meet (encontrar) Live (viver, morar)
Task
Create sentences with 16 different verbs, using preposition. 3) Complete the sentences using TO/ AT or FROM a) She walked ________ Simons house. (Ela caminhou para a casa de Simo.)
b) We arrived ________ the station half an hour late. (Ns chegamos estao com meia hora de atraso.) c) We went ________ the cinema last night. (Ns fomos ao cinema noite passada.) d) Linda works ________ the post office. (Linda trabalha nos Correios.)
e) They were tired when they arrived so they caught a taxi ________ the airport ________ the hotel. (Eles estavam cansados quando chegaram ento eles pegaram um taxi do aeroporto at o hotel.) f) Kathy brought her daughter _______ work with her yesterday. (Kathy levou a filha para trabalhar com ela ontem.) g) We landed _____ Athen airport at 5 oclock in the morning. (Desembarcamos no aeroporto de Atenas s 5h da manh.) h) She waited ________ the bus stop. (Ela esperou no ponto de nibus.) i) I walked back ________ the office today. (Voltei do escritrio hoje.) j) I often return ________ my old home town. (Muitas vezes eu volto minha cidade natal.) k) Can you come ________ our party? (Voc pode vir para a nossa festa?)
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l) How did you get there? I caught the train and walked ________ the station. (Como voc chegou l? Eu peguei o trem e vim da estao.) m) I landed ________ Istambul airport and caught the train ________ Istambul ________ Ankara. (Eu desembarquei no aeroporto de Istambul e peguei o trem de Istambul para Ankara.) n) He travelled ________ Paris all night and arrived ________ the office here in London at 6:30 in the morning. (Ele viajou de Paris a noite toda e chegou aqui no escritrio em Londres pela manh s 6h30min.) 4) Complete the sentences using ON or OFF a) Can I sit ________ this chair? (Posso sentar nesta cadeira?) b) Be careful. Youre going to fall ________ the seat. (Seja cuidadoso. Voc vai cair da cadeira.) c) We spent the day ________ the beach. (Passamos o dia na praia.) d) He lost control of the car and it went ________ the road. (Ele perdeu o controle do carro e saiu da estrada.) e) Why havent you got any pictures ________ the wall? (Por que voc no tem nenhum quadro na parede?) f) Dont park ________ the grass. (No estacione na grama.) g) He was very angry and he pushed me ________ the chair. (Ele ficou muito irritado e me empurrou para fora da cadeira.) h) Theres a fly ________ the wall. (H uma mosca na parede.) 5) Complete the sentences with INTO/ IN or OUT OF: a) Shes living ________ a flat on her own now. (Ela est morando em um apartamento por conta prpria agora.) b) My bags are ________ the car. Please, help me to put them inside the car. (Minhas malas esto fora do carro. Por favor, me ajude a coloc-las dentro do carro.) c) The children are going ________ the car and theyll sit ________ the seat. (As crianas esto entrando no carro e se sentaro no banco.) d) Anne suddenly came ________ the room with a letter in her hand. (Anne de repente entrou na sala com uma carta na mo.) e) We moved ________ our old flat because of the neighbors. (Samos do nosso antigo apartamento por causa dos vizinhos.) f) The plane took off and flew up ________ the clouds. (O avio decolou e voou entre as nuvens.) g) All my clothes fell ________my suitcase when I picked it up. (Todas as minhas roupas caram para fora da minha mala quando eu a peguei.) h) They carried the new sofa ________ the apartment. (Eles carregaram o sof novo para o apartamento.) i) Can you leave your coats ________ the bedroom? (Vocs podem deixar seus casacos no quarto?)
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6) Complete the statements using TO/ AT/ FROM/ ON/ OFF/ INTO/ IN or OUT OF: a) b) I got ________ the bath when the phone rang. (Eu sa do banho quando o telefone tocou.) I forgot to send a birthday card ________ Helen yesterday. (Esqueci-me de enviar um carto de
aniversrio para Helen ontem.) c) He was very tired when he got back ________ Australia. (Ele estava muito cansado quando voltou da Were going to stay ________ a holiday apartment in Portugal. (Estamos indo para ficar em um
Austrlia.) d)
apartamento de frias em Portugal.) e) We stopped ________ the traffic lights and the car broke down. (Ns paramos no semforo e o carro
quebrou.) f) He took all the toys ________ the box and left them ________ the floor. (Ele tirou todos os brinquedos
da caixa e deixou-os no cho.) g) Our friends met us ________ the airport when we arrived ________ Berlin. (Nossos amigos nos
encontraram no aeroporto, quando chegamos em Berlim.) h) i) j) I arrived late ________work this morning. (Cheguei atrasado ao trabalho esta manh.) All the books suddenly fell ________ the shelf. (Todos os livros de repente, cairam da prateleira.) It was a lovely morning so I walked ________ work. (Estava uma linda manh ento eu fui
caminhando para o trabalho.) 7) Complete the following statements using IN/ ON or AT: a) Tom and Frank are ______ the phone. (Tom and Frank esto ao telefone.) b) Do you live ____ Manchester? (Voc mora em Manchester?) c) My partner is that woman _______ the right. (Minha scia aquela mulher direita.) d) He was ____ the bus stop for half an hour. (Ele est no ponto de nibus.) e) Mr. Kramer is _______ his office. (O Sr. Kramer est no escritrio dele.) f) Mr. Woo is ______ a suit. (O Sr. Woo est de terno.) 8) Complete the following statements using OF or FROM: a) My wife is European. She's ________ London. (Minha esposa europia. Ela de Londres.) b) Sean: Is Mr. Klein a partner of a client _______ this company? (O Sr. Klein scio de uma cliente desta empresa?) Tracy: He is a client. (Ele um cliente.) c) Mr. Franklin is ______ BRC Computers. (O Sr. Franklin da BRC Computadores.) 9) Complete the following sentences using BY or WITH: a) Mrs. Wilson is _________ her partner. (A Sra. Wilson est com o scio dela.) b) My appointment is _______ Mrs. Lee. (Meu encontro com o Sr. Lee.)
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c) Businesswoman: Who's Mrs. Krawitz? (Quem a Sra. Krawitz?) Businessman: She's that gray-haired woman _______ the door. (Ela aquela mulher de cabelos grisalhos que est na porta.) 10) Complete the following sentences using FOR or NEXT TO: a) My office is ________ the conference room. (Meu escritrio fica perto da sala de conferncia.) b) Ted is here _________ a meeting. (Ted est aqui para uma reunio.) c) I'm here ________ an appointment. (Eu estou aqui para um encontro.) d) It's time ________ lunch. ( hora do almoo.) 11) Fill in the blanks with BETWEEN or AMONG: a) He was sitting on the floor ___________ the children, telling stories. (Ele est sentado no cho com as crianas, contando estrias.) b) There are no secrets ______________ you and me. (No h segredos entre voc e eu.) c) A flight __________________ Rio and Sao Paulo takes less than an hour. (Um voo entre Rio e So Paulo leva menos que uma hora.) d) He lives in a small town ___________ the hills hallway _______________ Rio and Belo Horizonte. (Ele mora numa cidade pequena que fica nas colinas entre o Rio e Belo Horizonte.) e) There are many strange things _______________ the souvenirs they brought from their trip around the world. (H tantas coisas estranhas entre as lembrancinhas que eles trouxeram da viagem ao redor do mundo.)
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LESSON 9 - DETERMINERS OF QUANTITY

100% all
todos
nearly all
quase todos
most
a maioria
many
muitos
a lot of
um monte de
some
alguns
not many
no muitos
a few
alguns
few
poucos
no one
ningum
0%
How many (=quantos, quantas?) is used to ask the quantity of countable things: Question: How many restaurants are there? Answers: There are a lot. There are a few. How much (=quanto, quanta?) is used to ask the quantity of uncountable things and price: Question: How much time? Answers: There's a lot (= muito) There's a little (= pouco) There isn't much (= no muito) There isn't any (= no h qualquer) There's none (= nenhum)
Note1: In affirmative statements, we use a lot of or a few to countable nouns and a lot of or a little to uncountable nouns. Examples: Carlos takes a lot of vitamins. Olivia takes a few vitamins. I do a lot of exercise. You do a little exercise. Note2: In negative statements, we use many to countable nouns and much to uncountable nouns. Examples: Olivia doesnt take many vitamins. You dont do much exercise.
Uncountable nouns
a) Abstract nouns: love, hope, advice, information, intelligence, beauty, hunger, poverty, etc. b) Collective nouns: furniture, luggage, equipment, accommodation, traffic, etc. c) Names of subjects: history, mathematics, music, physics, law, art, etc. d) Names of substances (materials, liquids, gases, etc.): leather, paper, wood, metal, silver, water, coffee, air, bread, meat, butter, wine, flour, etc. e) Activities and sports: running, swimming, shopping, gardening, football, tennis, snooker, etc. f) Languages: Portuguese, English, Greek, German, etc. NOUNS WHICH MAY BE UNCOUNTABLE OR COUNTABLE: Some nouns are uncountable when we talk about the substance, material or abstract concept, but countable when we: a) Talk about one specific item: chicken/ a chicken; light/ a light; stone/ a stone; hope/ a hope; education/ an education; hair/ a hair. b) Refer to a specific thing have a particular meaning as countable nouns: wood/ a wood; paper/ a paper; iron/ an iron; cloth/ a cloth; glass (= vidro)/ a glass (= um copo).
Note: a glass refers to an item that we drink from which is made of glass. It does not refer to a piece of glass.
c) Refer to a particular variety: wine/ an excellent wine; cheese/ a strong cheese; fruit/ a very sweet fruit. d) Are making an order of drinks or some food in a cafe or restaurant (informal English): tea/ three teas; coffee/ a coffee; soup/ two soups. e) Use some ing forms: painting/ a good painting; drawing/ a few drawings.
Adjectives
MUCH (sing.) / MANY (plural). They are used before nouns to expressing quantity and can be replaced by a lot of that is used in uncountable and countable nouns. SOME (= algum (s) (a) (as); um pouco de). Use in affirmative phrases: Some people never give up their dreams. (= Algumas pessoas nunca desistem dos seus sonhos). I drank some wine at the party yesterday. (= Eu bebi um pouco de vinho na festa ontem). SOME. Use in interrogative phrases (polite or formal) with an uncountable substantive. Would you like some coffee? (= Voc gostaria de um pouco de caf? / Voc aceita um cafezinho?). ANY (= qualquer um entre mais de dois elementos) use in affirmative phrases: She is so elegant that any jeans will surely look good on her. (= Ela to elegante que qualquer cala jeans certamente ficar bonita nela).
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You may take any of those five books. (= Voc pode pegar qualquer um daqueles cinco livros). ANY (= algum (a) (s) (as)) use in interrogative phrases: Do you have any brothers and sisters? (= Voc tem (alguns) irmos e irms?) Are there any good restaurants near here? (= H algum bom restaurante aqui perto? / H (alguns) bons restaurantes aqui perto?) ANY (= nenhum (a)) use in negative phrases: I dont have any friends in Australia. (= Eu no tenho nenhum amigo na Austrlia). There arent any pens here. (= No h nenhuma caneta aqui). EITHER (= tambm) used at the end of negative sentences: I don't want it either. (= Eu no quero este tambm). EITHER (= qualquer um entre dois elementos). You can take either of these two books. (= Voc pode ter qualquer um destes dois livros). EITHER... OR (= ou... ou). You have to decide it. Either you go or you stay. (= Voc tem que decidir isso. Ou voc vai ou voc fica). NEITHER (= nenhum entre dois elementos). There are two pens here. Take both, either or neither. (= H duas canetas aqui. Pegue ambas, qualquer uma ou nenhuma). NEITHER... NOR (= nem... nem). I want neither this nor that (No quero nem isto nem aquilo).
Note: the English words either and neither can cause some problems for native and non-native speakers of English. Sometimes you can use either one and sometimes you have to choose either one or the other, but neither one is very difficult. Either means one, neither means none, and not either equals neither. Or goes with either and nor goes with neither.
NONE (= nenhum entre mais de dois elementos). None of those people will accept your ideas. (= Nenhuma dessas pessoas vai aceitar suas ideias.)
Note: There is many ways of saying tambm in English: Affirmative sentences: Negative sentences: So:Lucy went to the park, and so did Janet. Either: Lucy didn't go to the park, and Janet didn't either. Too: Lucy went to the park, and Janet went to the park, too. Neither: Lucy didn't go to the park, and neither did Janet. Also:Lucy went to the park, and Janet also went to the park.
EXERCISE: 1) Complete with EITHER, ANY, NEITHER or NONE: a) No, I don't want it __________________ (No, eu no quero isso tambm). b) I know there are many choices but I prefer _______________ of them (Eu sei que existem muitas opes, mas eu prefiro nenhuma delas). c) I don't want either this or that. So I'll take _________.(Eu no quero isto ou aquilo. Ento, eu no vou pegar nenhum). d) Come here at __________ time you want. There's always somebody on call to welcome visitors (Venha aqui a qualquer tempo que voc desejar. H sempre algum de planto para receber os visitantes). 2) Complete with HOW MANY or HOW MUCH: a) Susan: _____________ coffee do we have? ns temos? Desculpe. No restou nenhum caf.) b) Kelly: _____________ employees are there in your department at the moment? thirteen (Quantos funcionrios h no seu departamento no momento? H treze). c) Cole: _____________ sales reps are there in the conference room? representantes de venda esto na sala de conferncias? H vinte). Brenda: There are twenty (Quantos Betty: There are Nick: Sorry. We don't have any coffee left (Quanto caf
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d) Walter: _____________ reams of copy paper do we have, Barney?
Barney: We still have five reams,
Walter (Quantas resmas de papel ns temos, Barney? Ns ainda temos cinco resmas, Walter). e) Josh: _____________ paper is there left, Jake? resta, Jake? Restou um monte de papel, Josh). 3) Fill in the blanks with A, AN, MUCH, MANY or leave blank. a) Im very interested in ____ education (Estou muito interessado em Educao). b) It is important that she receives ___ good education ( importante que ela receba uma boa educao). c) There isnt _____ light in this room (No h muita luz nesta sala). d) Is there ___ light in this room? (Existe luz nesta sala?) e) ____ beauty is subjective (A beleza subjetiva). f) Shes ____ real beauty (Ela uma beleza real). g) I am fortunate to have had ___ very good education (Tenho a sorte de ter tido uma educao muito boa). h) i) j) ____ education does not just take place at school (Educao no apenas ter lugar na escola). My eyes are very sensitive to _____ light (Meus olhos so muito sensveis luz). Is there _____ light in there? (H luz l dentro?) Im sorry to ask you but I desperately need _____ help (Desculpe-me te perguntar, mas eu preciso desesperadamente de ajuda). m) I dont usually drink _____ coffee (Eu geralmente no bebo caf). n) Ill have two teas and _____ coffee please (Eu vou querer dois chs e um caf, por favor). o) He has _____ great love of music (Ele tem um grande amor pela msica). p) Sometimes _____ love can be very painful (s vezes o amor pode ser muito doloroso). 4) Complete the sentences using the indefinite articles A or AN: a) Its _______ new book ( um livro novo). b) Shes _______ English teacher (Ela professora de ingls). c) Are you _______ student? (Voc estudante?) d) Britain is _______ island (Gr-Bretanha uma ilha). e) Theyre at _______ restaurant (Eles esto num restaurante). f) Hes _______ waiter (Ele garom). g) Its _______ ugly house ( uma casa feia). h) Theres _______ ticket for the play (H um bilhete para o jogo). i) Hes _______ good worker (Ele um bom trabalhador). j) Its not _______ easy language (No uma linguagem fcil). 5) My uncle is ____ (1) pilot. He works for ____ (2) international airline company in India. He lives in ____ (3) house near Bombay. I admire him because he is ____ (4) honest man (Meu tio piloto. Ele trabalha para uma companhia area internacional na India. Ele mora em uma casa perto de Bombaim. Eu o admiro porque ele um homem honesto). (1) (2) (3) (4) a) a, a, an, an. b) an, an, a, a. c) a, an, a, an. Jake: There's a lot of paper left, Josh (Quanto papel
k) Youve been _____ great help to me (Voc foi uma grande ajuda para mim). l)
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LESSON 10 - DETERMINERS OF FREQUENCY

always
100%
almost always
quase sempre
usually
geralmente
frequently
frequentemente
often
muitas vezes
sometimes
s vezes
rarely
raramente
seldom
quase nunca
never
nunca
sempre
0%
Note: Usually: happens most days; frequently: it's common; often: many times; sometimes: at particular occasions, but not all the time; rarely: it's not common; seldom: hardly ever or almost never.
Adverbs of frequency
A) Adverbs of frequency are possible to use when refering to the Past, Present and Future Tense: - We often went camping when we were children (Muitas vezes fomos acampar quando ramos crianas). - I usually go to the gym at lunchtime (Eu costumo ir ao ginsio na hora do almoo). - I will always love you (Eu sempre vou te amar). B) Adverbs of frequency are possible to use in affirmative, negative or interrogative sentences: - I always drink water in the morning (Eu sempre bebo gua pela manh). / Peter is sometimes late for lessons (Peter s vezes est atrasado com as lies). - We don't often go to the theater (Ns no costumamos ir ao teatro). / My sister isn't usually so quiet (Minha irm no costuma ser to quieta). - What do you usually have for breakfast? (O que voc normalmente come no caf da manh?) / Do you always eat a sandwich for lunch? (Voc sempre come um sanduche no almoo?) - Say it once, say it twice! (Diga uma vez, diga duas vezes!)
Note: "Always" can't go at the beginning or end of the sentence. "Never", "seldom", "rarely" can't go at the end of a sentence.
Adverbs of intensity
VERY (sing.) / PLENTY OF (= abundncia de). They are used before nouns to expressing intensity. If you say you have plenty of something, it means you have lots of it (Se voc diz que tem muito de algo, isso significa que voc tem muito do mesmo). So, if youre in a job interview and say that you have lots of experience in a specific area, you mean that you have plenty of experience in that area (Ento, se voc estiver em uma entrevista de emprego e dizer que voc tem muita experincia em uma rea especfica, voc quer dizer que voc tem muita experincia nessa area). SO + adjective or adverb = to ser to obediente, to fcil de lidar). Billy used to be so obedient, so easy to deal with (Billy costumava
SUCH A/ AN + adjective + singular noun = to He used to be such a good boy (Ele costumava ser um menino to bom). In affirmatives and interrogative sentences: still = ainda. Do you still love her? (Voc ainda a ama?) Yes, I still love her very much (sim, eu ainda a amo muito). The idea contrary to the "still" is given by: NO LONGER + verb = no mais Methods of discipline that used to work well when he was a child no longer have an effect (Os mtodos de disciplina que costumavam funcionar bem quando ele era criana no tm mais efeito). ANYMORE = any longer (use at the end of the sentence) He used to read a lot but he does not even look at a book anymore/ any longer (Ele costumava ler muito, mas ele nem sequer olha para um livro mais.). He says he doesnt need books anymore/ any longer (Ele diz que no precisa mais de livros.).
Adverbs ending in ly = Adjective + LY

Simple simply Brave bravely Noisy noisily (ruidosamente) Rapid rapidly
Note: The adverbs of manner are formed by an adjective plus the suffix "-ly" that corresponds to the suffix "-mente" in Portuguese.
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EXERCISE: 1) Complete the sentences with SO or SUCH: a) Adolescente is __________ difficult! (Adolescente to difcil!) It is __________ a difficult challenge that many families have to look for professional help ( um grande desafio que muitas famlias tm que procurar por uma ajuda profissional). b) That movie is __________ interesting! (Aquele filme to interessante!) It is __________ a good movie that we went to see it twice ( um filme to bom que ns fomos ver duas vezes). c) Ayrton Senna was __________ a good driver. (Ayrton Senna era um piloto to bom). He drove __________ fast! (Ele dirigia to rpido!) d) Its __________ hot today! ( um dia quente hoje!) Its __________ a hot day! ( um dia quente!) e) Curitiba is __________ a nice city, but its __________ cold! (Curitiba uma cidade to agradvel, mas faz muito frio!) 2) Complete the sentences with still, no longer or anymore: a) Is Bill Clinton __________ the President of the United States? No, he is __________ in office (Bill Clinton ainda o presidente dos Estados Unidos? No, ele no est mais no cargo). b) The Soviet Union __________exists, but Russia __________ has considerable military power (A Unio Sovitica no existe mais, mas a Rssia ainda tem considervel poder militar). c) The Rolling Stones are __________ on the road, but the Beatles dont play together __________ (Os Rolling Stones esto ainda na estrada, mas os Beatles no tocam mais juntos). 3) Place the FREQUENCY ADVERBS correctly, look at the models: Those cards are in that box. (usually). Those cards are usually in that box. (Esses cartes esto na caixa. (geralmente). Esses cartes esto geralmente nessa caixa.) Bob works with printers. (always). Bob always works with printers. (Bob trabalha com impressoras. (sempre). Bob sempre trabalha com impressoras.) a) My boss calls my attention. (never). _______________________________________________________ (Meu chefe nunca me chama a ateno). b) Those managers don't attend meetings. (often) _______________________________________________ (Esses gerentes muitas vezes no comparecem s reunies). c) The customer is right. (always) ___________________________________________________________ (O cliente sempre tem razo). d) Does he read manuals? (usually) __________________________________________________________ (Ele geralmente l manuais?) e) David is in a hurry. (seldom) _____________________________________________________________ (David quase nunca est apressado). f) She misses the 8:30 bus. (sometimes) ______________________________________________________ (Ela s vezes perde o nibus das 8h30min).
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LESSON 11 - HOW TO GET THERE?
VOCABULARY: Walk up/ walk down/ walk along On the right/ on the left Across from/ next to/ between SOME PLACES: Bakery Bank Barber shop Baseball stadium Book store Bus station Cafeteria Church Clinic Concert hall Courthouse Department store Drug store Fire station Flower shop Gas station Hair salon Hardware store Health club High school Hospital Hotel Ice cream shop Laundromat Library Movie theater Museum Park Parking garage Parking lot Pet shop Playground Police station Post office Restaurant School Shoe store Supermarket Train station University Video store Zoo Drive up/ drive down/ drive along Turn right/ turn left Around the corner from
EXAMPLES: Its next to the bank. Its between the library and the park.
Its across from the movie theater. Its around the corner from the hospital.
There is/ There are

There is (Theres) + singular. Theres one window in the bedroom. There are + plural. There are two bedrooms in the apartment. QUESTIONS FORMS: Is there.? Is there a laundromat in this neighborhood? Are there? Are there any children in the building?
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Conversations
CONVERSATION 1: A: Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the laundromat from here? (Post office) B: Sure. Walk up First Avenue and youll see the laundromat on the right, across from the Shopping Center. A: Thank you. CONVERSATION 2: A: Excuse me. Could / Would you please tell me how to get to the drugstore from here? (Bank) B: Sure. Walk along Pine Street and youll see the drugstore on the left, between the grocery and the shoe store. A: Im sorry. Could you please repeat that (say that again)? B: Sure. Walk along A: Thanks very much. EXERCISE: 1) Complete the sentences using There is (Theres), There are, Are there or Is there: a) __________ four girls and two boys in her family. b) __________ a beach down here. c) __________ a train to Sao Paulo? d) __________ a new disco near the college. e) __________ a good restaurant in this street? f) __________ two hospitals in town. g) __________ a lot of children in the pool? h) __________ three families in that house. i) __________ a television in the flat? j) __________ a big grey cloud over there. 2) Answer these questions according to the list below; choose the right place with the right action: PLACES At home In front of the house In the classroom In the club In the backyard At the beach In the bathroom In the garage In the kitchen Brushing their teeth Doing her exercises Planting flowers Playing with her dog Studying English ACTIONS Cooking dinner Listening to the radio Playing cards Reading the newspaper
a) Where is he and whats he doing? _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) Where is she and whats she doing? _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) Where are you and what are you doing? _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) Where are they and what are they doing? _______________________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON 12 - MAIN VERBS

Main verbs in English have three fundamental forms: Infinitive; Simple past; and Past participle. Some examples of ordinary verbs: to be, to do, to have, to need, to go, to put, to love, etc.
1) Regular verbs
In the forms of Simple Past and Past participle use the termination "ED". Example: Infinitive: to call Past: called Past Participle: called
2) Irregular verbs
In contrast to regular verbs, irregular verbs are those verbs that fall outside the standard of conjugation in the languages in which they occur. Infinitive without to arise awake be beat become befall begin bend bet bid bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build buy cast catch choose cling come cost cut deal dig do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find flee fly Past Tense arose awoke was, were beat became befell began bent bet bid bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built bought cast caught chose clung came cost cut dealt dug did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fled flew Past Participle arisen awoken been beaten become befallen begun bent bet bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built bought cast caught chosen clung come cost cut dealt dug done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flown Translation into Portuguese surgir, erguer-se despertar ser, estar bater tornar-se suceder comear curvar apostar oferecer, fazer uma oferta unir, encadernar, obrigar-se morder sangrar, ter hemorragia soprar, explodir quebrar procriar, reproduzir trazer irradiar, transmitir construir comprar lanar pegar, capturar escolher aderir, segurar-se, pegar, agarrar-se vir custar cortar negociar, tratar cavar fazer desenhar beber dirigir, ir de carro comer cair alimentar sentir, sentir-se lutar achar, encontrar fugir, escapar voar, pilotar
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forbid forget forgive freeze get give go grind grow have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead leave lend let lie lose make mean meet overcome overtake pay put quit read ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set shake shed shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep
forbade forgot forgave froze got gave went ground grew had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led left lent let lay lost made meant met overcame overtook paid put quit read rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set shook shed shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept
forbidden forgot, forgotten forgiven frozen gotten, got given gone ground grown had heard hidden, hid hit held hurt kept known laid led left lent let lain lost made meant met overcome overtaken paid put quit read ridden rung risen run sawn said seen sought sold sent set shaken shed shone shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept
proibir esquecer perdoar congelar, paralisar obter dar ir moer crescer, cultivar ter ouvir esconder bater segurar machucar guardar, manter saber, conhecer deitar, derrubar liderar deixar, partir emprestar deixar, permitir mentir perder, extraviar fazer, fabricar significar encontrar superar alcanar pagar colocar abandonar ler cavalgar badalar subir, erguer-se correr, concorrer serrar dizer ver objetivar, buscar, procurar vender enviar estabelecer agitar, sacudir lanar brilhar, reluzir atirar, alvejar mostrar, exibir encolher, contrair fechar, cerrar cantar afundar, submergir sentar dormir
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Simple Present Tense

SINGULAR 1st - I drink 2nd - you drink 3rd - he, she, it drinks Varies only in the third person singular: +S Used at the end of most verbs. Drinks (to drink) + ES - Y + IES Used at the end of the verbs Used at the end of the verbs ending ending in S, SH, CH, O, X, Z. in consonant + Y. Brushes (to brush) Tries (to try) PLURAL 1st - we drink 2nd - you drink 3rd - they drink
Simple Future Tense

The most common auxiliary verbs used to express futurity are will and shall. Going to express future actions too. And has the verb to be as auxiliary. Followed by a verb in the infinitive without the particle to. It is usually followed by adverbs of time: next week/ in a week; next month/ in a month; next year/ in a year; tomorrow; tonight. Roger is going to work tomorrow. / Roger is not going to work. / Is Roger going to work? EXERCISE: 1) Rewrite each sentence according to the instruction in brackets: a) Mr. Gates is going to divide his fortune among his friends. (interrogative) _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) These colors are going to have a strange effect inside the house. (negative) _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) Is Bella going to move to another neighbourhood? (affirmative) _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) Cristina is going to write another English book. (negative) _______________________________________________________________________________________ e) My travel to Africa is going to be unforgettable. (interrogative) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Express the future with GOING TO plus the verb in brackets: a) This compost of organic substances __________________________________ (to be) used in our garden. b) His marks are very bad. Fred ___________________________________ (to pass, negative) c) Im so glad. We __________________________________ (to spend) this weekend in a countryside hotel. d) Francines party ___________________________________ (to begin) at 8 p.m. and end at midnight. e) You ___________________________________ (to find, negative) your privacy in a public place. f) I think it ___________________________________ (to snow) tonight. 3) Rewrite these sentences using the SIMPLE PRESENT. Substitute NOW using an EXPRESSION OF TIME from the given list. Make any other necessary changes. This company is publishing employment tests now. It publishes employment tests every year. a) Steve and George are verifying the costs now. _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) I'm following the instructions now. _______________________________________________________________________________________
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c) The operator is feeding the machine now. _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) We are reading a text on computing now. _______________________________________________________________________________________ e) The secretary is typing a price list now. _______________________________________________________________________________________ f) Barbara is doing a test now. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4) Transform the sentences using GOING TO. Dont forget the adverbs of time: a) She brings her books to school every day. _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) She gives information about the new experiment every week. _______________________________________________________________________________________ c) The boy delivers the newspaper at home at 7 oclock. _______________________________________________________________________________________ d) They always obtain cells from embryos. _______________________________________________________________________________________ e) Jack often researches information about human organs. _______________________________________________________________________________________ f) The cells begin to divid. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5) Transform in negative and interrogative sentences: a) She is going to order the goods. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ b) She is going to buy food at the supermarket. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6) Complete the sentences with SIMPLE FUTURE (will): a) My boss___________________ to meet you. (like) b) He __________________ to the United States. (go) c) I ________________________ you. (help) d) Diane _______________________ until late. (study)
Passive voice
The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action. Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive voice. The Passive is formed: Passive Subject + To Be + Past Participle: The house was built in 1989.
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It is often used in business when the object of the action is more important than those who perform the action. For Example: We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years. Changes to: Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years. If the agent is important (the person, company or thing that does the action) , use "by" For Example: Tim Wilson wrote "The Flight to Brunnswick" in 1987. Changes to:"The Flight to Brunnswick" was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson. Time Reference Present Simple Present Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Present Perfect Future Intention with Going to Future Simple We rented the video for tonight. She bought the tickets for the movie. The fire destroyed the theater. The elephants carried the cameras. You can see the movie. Tom left them on the table. Everybody will see this film soon. Jane took that video from the desk. He may pay the tickets for us. The movie disappointed us very much. Active Passive They make Fords in Cologne. Fords are made in Cologne. Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan. James Joyce wrote "Dubliners". "Dubliners" was written by James Joyces. They were painting the house when I arrived. The house was being painted when I arrived. They have produced over 20 models in the past two years. Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years. They are going to build a new factory in Portland. A new factory is going to be built in Portland. I will finish it tomorrow. It will be finished tomorrow. The video for tonight was rented by us. The tickets for the movie were bought by her. The theater was destroyed by the fire. The cameras were carried by the elephants. The movie can be seen by you. They were left on the table by Tom. This film will soon be seen by everybody. That video was taken from the desk by Jane. The tickets may be paid for us by him. We were very much disappointed by the movie.
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LESSON 13 - SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

To / too / two
The confusion between to, too, and two occurs because the three words are pronounced identically. One: If you're able to replace the word with "also" or "excessively/too much," use too. Two: If the word is a number, use two. Otherwise, you'll want to use to. TO has two functions: First, as a preposition, in which case it always precedes a noun: I'm going to the store. / He went to Italy. / This belongs to David. Secondly, to indicates an infinitive when it precedes a verb: I need to study. / We want to help. / He's going to eat. TOO has two uses: First, as a synonym for "also": Can I go too? / He went to France too. / I think that's Paul's book too. Secondly, too means excessively when it precedes an adjective or adverb: I'm too tired. / He's walking too quickly. / I ate too much. TWO is a number. One, two, three... I have two cars. / She ate two pieces of pie.
To borrow / to lend
To borrow (= tomar emprestado) (past: borrowed): to get something for a short time. To lend (= emprestar) (past: lent): to give something for a short time. Mark went to a neighbor's house to borrow a book. / Later the neighbor asked Mark to lend him a lawn mower.
To remember / to remind
To remember someone or something (= lembrar-se de algo ou de algum). To remind someone of something or to be reminded of something (= fazer algum se lembrar de um fato ou de uma semelhana). I remember you (Eu me lembro de voc). / Talking about John reminds me that I have to call him (Falando em John me faz lembrar de que tenho que ligar pra ele).
To raise / to rise
To raise (=levantar). Sua ao influi sobre um objeto. (Verbo Transitivo Direto): We raise something (Levantamos alguma coisa). / Inflation raises prices (A inflao aumenta os preos). To rise (levantar). No aceita um objeto. (Verbo Intransitivo): We rise (Levantamos) / Prices rise (Os preos aumentam). / Prices have risen a lot, raising consumer resistance (Os preos aumentaram muito, aumentando a resistncia do consumidor).
May be / maybe
May be (= talvez, pode ser). Auxiliary verb "may" followed by the verb "to be". I have to work late so I may be late for dinner (Tenho de trabalhar at mais tarde. Talvez me atrase para o jantar). Maybe (= talvez). No ocorre o verbo to be. Maybe I'll take a vacation (Talvez eu tire umas frias) / Maybe. I'm not sure (Talvez. No tenho certeza).
All / every / each

All (=todos, todas, todo, toda) Every (=todo, toda) normally used to generalize. Used when referring to all members of a group of three or more. Each (=cada) indicates each person or thing separately. EXERCISE: 1) Complete each sentence witht the correct form of the verbs TO BORROW or TO LEND:
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a) Banks always ___________ money. b) I never __________ books or DVD's to anybody. The person who __________ them seldom returns them. c) It's raining now. Will you ____________ me your umbrella, please? d) I _____________ Father's suit for the party, but it was a little too big. e) Can I ______________ some money from you? I don't know where my bag is. f) Hey, Jack. Is your father going to _________ us the car tomorrow? 2) Mark the sentence in which TO REMEMBER or TO REMIND is used incorrectly: a) I reminded him to post the letter. b) I remembered to send the telegram. c) Did you remind how to do it? d) Don't forget to remind me about it tomorrow. 3) Complete with EVERY, EACH or ALL: a) I like _________________the students here. b) I read __________________ sentence carefully. c) _______________girl has homework to do. d) ________ seats were booked. I had to wait for the plane. e) _________ single day I wake up at 6 oclock. f) ________ person has a special dream. 4) Complete the sentences of IF CLAUSES with the verb in the correct time (would, will): a) If you wait, you _____________see. b) If I were you, I______________go out tonight. c) If she travels with us, she____________have fun. d) If I were you, I _______________buy a new car. 5) Rewrite the sentences with personal pronouns (subjetive case): a) Bob is going to travel next week. __________________________________________________________ b) My friends are going to dance with me. _____________________________________________________ c) The dog is happy. ______________________________________________________________________ d) Jack and I study at the same school. ________________________________________________________
6) Rewrite the sentences with personal pronouns (objetive case): a) Lets go to the school. ___________________________________________________________________ b) This man is not like Doug. _______________________________________________________________ c) The school is going to start for the students. __________________________________________________ d) I am going to get married with Sheila. ______________________________________________________
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Text: The Internet

1 A few years ago the Internet did not exist. The world seemed bigger and communications were not so fast. 2nd Todays world is considered very small, partly due to the fast development in the communication system. To become a member of this small world, also called an international community, two things are essential: to know English and to be computer literate. 3rd The Internet is a familiar term to almost everyone, and it is also called the Net, cyberspace, the information highway, the online community. 4th By the way, what is the Internet? The Internet is an electronic communication network linked by telephone lines and satellites which are connected to computers. It transports information all over the world through programs such as e-mail (electronic mail) and the World Wide Web (www). 5th The Internet started during the 1960s in the United States as a network for the Defense Department and as a channel for information sharing among scientists. Soon people started to send simple messages to distant friends and colleagues, and the system was improved to become the communications tool called Internet. 6th It was in 1973 that the Internet was first connected to the United Kingdom and Norway. South America gained access to the Net only in the early 1990s. Most of the communication via the Internet takes place in English today. 7th So, lets learn English and become computer literate to enter this international community. (TEELER). EXERCISE: 1) Find in the text the English equivalent to these words and expressions: Portuguese English Alguns anos atrs Rpidas Mundo pequeno Alfabetizado Quase todo mundo Pista de alta velocidade, via expressa 2) Match the words/ expressions and the explanation of their meaning: a) computer literate. ( ) an instrument to facilitate operations. b) to become. ( ) to appear to be. c) tool. ( ) to get better. d) to improve. ( ) a large system of similar parts connected together. e) to seem. ( ) person who has the ability to use computers. f) network ( ) to start to be. 3) Link these expressions to their function in the text: a) soon. ( ) indicates a consequence. b) so. ( ) indicates a reason. c) because. ( ) indicates time. 4) Check your understanding of the text choosing the correct answers to these questions: a) Why is the world considered small today? ( ) Because communications have developed a lot. ( ) Because of the computers. b) What does a person need to become a member of this international community? ( ) He or she needs to learn English and to be computer literate. ( ) He or she needs to use the international highway.
st
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c) Whats the Internet? ( ) The Internet is a way of communicating with friends. ( ) The Internet is an electronic communication network linked by telephone lines and satellites which are connected to computers. d) What does the Internet do? ( ) It helps the computer literate people communicate. ( ) It transports information all over the world.
Glossary of Terminology of International Management

Glossrio de termos da Terminologia Internacional da Administrao:
1. Administrao geral Agreement acordo, acerto, convnio Average - mdia, proporo, avaliao. B to B (business to business) - transao entre empresas no mercado eletrnico. B to C (business to consumer) - transao entre as empresas e os consumidores no mercado eletrnico. Benchmarking - estratgia de copiar o que os concorrentes esto fazendo de melhor e, se possvel, ainda inovar. Encaixa-se em uma estratgia de competio empresarial que visa economizar tempo, dinheiro e trabalho. Business - empreendimento, negcio, transao comercial. By pass - ultrapassagem; ocorrncia comum no ambiente de trabalho que se caracteriza quando o subordinado contorna seu chefe direto e fala com o superior deste, indevidamente. E viceversa. Copyrights - direitos autorais. E business - negcios no mercado eletrnico, comrcio eletrnico, transao via Internet. Entrepreneur empreendedor, pessoa dotada de iniciativa. Follow up - acompanhamento, controle. Leader - lder, comandante, dirigente. Leadership liderana, comando. Management - gerncia, administrao, gesto. Manager - gerente, administrador, gestor. Quality control - controle de qualidade. Ranking - cotao, posio, colocao, classificao. Trend - tendncia, perspectiva. 2. Marketing Advertising - propaganda, publicidade, anncio. Brainstorm - tempestade cerebral; fluxo de idias; reunio de publicitrios dedicada gerao espontnea de idias para uma campanha publicitria; reunio de criatividade de um grupo qualquer de interessados. C I F (cost, insurance and freight) custos diversos, seguro e valor do frete por conta do vendedor. Mercadoria adquirida na condio de chegar ao destino sem nenhuma despesa adicional para o comprador. Customer care - concepo avanada de mercado, na qual o mais importante para as empresas o nvel de relacionamento mantido com os clientes. Customer share - viso do mercado na qual as empresas enfatizam o prestgio ou o grau de preferncia pelo produto que existe na mente do consumidor. Delivery - entrega de mercadorias no local combinado ou no endereo do comprador . Design - projeto visual, configurao esttica de um produto. Designer - profissional do design; programador ou projetista visual. E commerce comrcio eletrnico, transaes via Internet. Feeling - percepo, viso, intuio. Faro para negcios ou para boas idias. FOB (free on board) - condies de compra em que o vendedor despacha a mercadoria e, as despesas de frete, seguro e custos Plant - Planta (empregada no sentido de estabelecimento fabril); fbrica. Quality control - controle de qualidade. Schedule - plano, esquema, programa, roteiro. Standard - padro, modelo bsico. Stock - Estoque, sortimento, abastecimento. Emprega-se ainda como aes ou aquisio de aes. This side up - este lado para cima; instruo para guardar ou posicionar um determinado produto de forma segura. Warning - Advertncia; aviso de perigo. 4. Finanas Asset management - gerenciamento de rendas; gesto de investimentos pessoais; administrao de poupana; gesto de fundos. Blue chip - ao valorizada no mercado. Bridge loan - adiantamento de emprstimo; emprstimo preliminar, antecedendo emprstimo de maior valor. Budget - oramento, estimativas de recursos. Controller - controlador, executivo financeiro. Exchange rate - taxa de cmbio. Home banking - servios bancrios via internet ou por telefone. Inflation target - meta inflacionria. Leasing - arrendamento; aluguel com opo de compra. Libor (London interbank offered rate) - taxa preferencial do mercado britnico. Reflete o mercado financeiro das moedas europias. Open market - mercado livre; mercado aberto. Prime rate - taxa preferencial do mercado norte-americano. Reflete o ambiente mercadolgico do dlar. Smart card - carto inteligente; carto de crdito com o qual se pode realizar variadas operaes bancrias. Spread - sobretaxa; adicional cobrado sobre um emprstimo. gio. Stand by - disponibilidade; pronto para ser usado. Take over - compra de aes de uma empresa, tomando-lhe o controle. 5. Organizao Cartel - grupamento de empresas independentes, mas do mesmo ramo, que se combinam para atuar visando interesses comuns no mercado. Geralmente, interesses lesivos aos consumidores. O termo cartel, em seu significado original, refere-se a arranjos no plano internacional. Nos planos local ou regional, essas associaes so, originalmente, traduzidas com trustes ou sindicatos. A mdia, entretanto, tem insistido na popularizao do termo cartel para a designao dessas associaes em todas as dimenses. Corporation - corporao, companhia, sociedade annima. Downsizing - reduo do tamanho da estrutura das empresas; enxugamento; atualizao da tecnologia com ganhos de espao e otimizao de funes. Enterprise - empresa; empreendimento. Flowchart - fluxo, esquema, diagrama. Franchising - sistema de representao por franquias; forma
45
diversos ficam por conta do comprador. Free sample - amostra grtis, cortesia. Market share - viso tradicional do mercado, na qual as empresas enfatizam mais as dimenses desse mercado. Marketing termo que designa a funo gerencial voltada para o amplo relacionamento da empresa com o seu mercado. Inclue-se nesta funo um conjunto de subfunes, como pesquisa mercadolgica, concepo de produtos, propaganda, publicidade, relaes pblicas, comercializao e distribuio. Marketing mix - composto de marketing; trabalho de marketing no qual so contempladas vrias das subfunes mercadolgicas. Media - mdia; conjunto dos meios de comunicao ou de empresas de comunicao. Merchandising - exposio de produtos; exposio de produtos sugerindo uma apario espontnea em um determinado cenrio; exposio elaborada; vitrine. Telemarketing - atividades de marketing desenvolvidas atravs das telecomunicaes; vendas e propaganda por telefone. Webdesigner - projetista visual de sites para o mercado eletrnico; criador dos elementos grficos para os sites na Internet. Dependendo do tipo de empresa e do ramo de negcio, algumas dessas subfunes podem alcanar grande visibilidade e importncia. Muitas delas costumam ser terceirizadas. O termo mercadologia a alternativa para traduo de marketing na lngua portuguesa, porm, com um alcance limitado, o que contribui mais ainda para a popularizao do termo ingls em nosso meio. 3. Produo (industrial) Break-even-point - ponto de nivelamento; ponto de equilbrio; na anlise financeira dos projetos empresariais, corresponde ao momento em que os resultados obtidos pela empresa igualam-se aos custos. A partir da, comeam os lucros. Commodity - mercadoria, artigo, utilidade, produto. Just-in-time - sistema de produo e abastecimento no qual os componentes so produzidos e distribudos no momento certo, no lugar certo, na quantidade certa. Depende da exata sincronizao entre quem produz e entrega e quem utiliza. tambm conhecido como sistema kanban ou sistema Toyota, desenvolvido por essa empresa japonesa, mantem-se at hoje como uma administrao econmica de estoques. Know-how - conhecimento; tcnica de realizar alguma coisa; experincia. Made (in) - fabricado (em); produzido (em). de representao na qual o representante tem o direito de uso da marca ou nome comercial, recebendo assistncia tcnica para manuteno dos padres originais e pagando em troca os royalties ou franquia. Holding company - empresa gestora; empresa criada para administrar outras empresas das quais possui a maioria das aes. Joint venture - unio entre pessoas ou empresas para realizar um empreendimento. Normalmente, so associaes envolvendo riscos caractersticos das aventuras de negcios. Layout - arranjo fsico; representao grfica da racionalizao do espao de trabalho. Learnig organization - organizao que aprende; viso da organizao moderna que est sempre se modificando em razo das mudanas ambientais; organizao que aprende e se ajusta ao ambiente. Partner - scio, parceiro. Reengeneering - reengenharia, reforma radical da empresa; transformao. System - sistema; conjunto integrado de partes interagentes formando um todo. 6. Pessoal Background - retaguarda; respaldo; currculo; histria. Boss - chefe; dirigente. Chairman - presidente, dirigente principal. Feminino: chairwoman. Employment - emprego; empregabilidade; funo; utilizao. Gap - espao vazio; hiato, intervalo. Headhunter - caador de talentos profissionais, recrutador de pessoal. Job - trabalho, emprego, tarefa. Managerial grid - grade gerencial; tcnica desenvolvida por Blake e Mouton para classificao dos estilos gerenciais, tendo como referncias as nfases nas pessoas ou na produo como indicadores predominantes daqueles estilos. Part time - tempo parcial; meio expediente. Score - pontuao; avaliao. Senior - profissional experiente. Staff - pessoal de apoio especializado; estado maior; assessoria. Trainee - profissional em treinamento; estagirio; iniciante.
Material support to the student teaching

Google tradutor <http://translate.google.com.br/> acessado em 27/06/2011. IGREJA, Jos R. A. Fale Tudo em Ingls!. So Paulo: Disal. MARINOTTO, Demstene. Reading on Info Tech (Ingls para Informtica). Novatec. Password English Dictionary for Speakers of Portuguese Martins Fontes. World Digital Library Disponvel em <www.wdl.org> Disponvel em <www.englishspeak.com>
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UNIVERSIDADE ESTCIO DE S

CURSO BSICO DE INGLS

PROF. RITA DE CSSIA R. M. DE AZEVEDO

LESSON 1 - TECHNIQUES OF READING

400 English words in a minute

1) Derive adverbs from the given adjectives:

1,000,000,000 = one billion 1,000,000,000,000 = one trillion

HOW TO READ A DATE: June 9th, 1941 November 16th, 2010

Months of the year

How to read a number

Asking the time

Conversation 3 Making a phone call

Conversation 4 Greeting someone

Conversation 5 - Making a phone call

Conversation 6 Getting to know you

LESSON 4 - PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Text: Do parents know their kids?

LESSON 5 - INTERROGATIVE WORDS

LESSON 7 - AUXILIARY VERBS

- A line or surface (a wall, table, floor, etc.)

North Northeast Northwest South Southeast Southwest East West

Idioms with prepositions

Free from: livre de.

LESSON 9 - DETERMINERS OF QUANTITY

d) Walter: _____________ reams of copy paper do we have, Barney?

Barney: We still have five reams,

LESSON 10 - DETERMINERS OF FREQUENCY

Adverbs ending in ly = Adjective + LY

LESSON 11 - HOW TO GET THERE?

There is/ There are

LESSON 12 - MAIN VERBS

Simple Present Tense

Simple Future Tense

LESSON 13 - SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

All / every / each

Text: The Internet

Glossary of Terminology of International Management

Material support to the student teaching

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