The name and function of each part. (1) Parts palette.

(disk parts, rod parts, and other parts can be selected via the upper tab.) (2) Pins palette and pens palette. (pins and pens can be selected via the upper tab.) (3) Move parts tool. (4) Menu. (5) Control for automatic simulation. (6) The slider controlling a manual simulation. (7) Mouse coordinates display. (8) Parts arrangement area. 2 Arranging parts. Disk parts, rod parts and other parts on the parts palette can be placed in the simulation area by left-dragging the mouse. Red-colored parts are powered and rotate themselves during the simulation. Only one powered part may be included in a simulation.

3 Arranging and rotating parts which are not connected. The parts which are not connected with any other parts can be re-arranged freely in the simulation area by leftdragging the mouse. Each part can be rotated to a free angle by left-dragging the mouse while holding the Shift key on the keyboard. Parts can also be rotated by choosing "Rotation" in the context menu displayed by right-clicking the mouse on a

part. 4 The arrangement of a pins. Pins from the pins palette may be placed into a pinhole of a part in the simulation area by left-dragging the pin from the palette to the simulation area. A round pin is movable and can be arranged only between two parts. A square pin is fixed, and when running a simulation it is the center of rotation. During a simulation, it cannot move from the point where it is placed. 5 The movement and rotation of the connected parts. Parts which are connected to other parts via only one pin can be rotated around the pin point by left-dragging the mouse. (In the right figure, part(1) rotates.) Part(2) can rotate around the pin point by left-dragging the mouse while holding the Shift key on the keyboard. (In the right figure, part(2) rotates.) 6 Using pens. A pen on the pens palette can be placed in a pinhole of parts in the simulation area by leftdragging the mouse. Each color pen may be placed only once per simulation. (A maximum of four different colored pens may be placed in a simulation simultaneously.) Placing a pen creates a locus during the simulation. In addition, keep in mind that the speed of the simulation will probably be slower when

drawing a locus. 7 Deletion of a part, a pin, or a pen. To delete a part, pin or pen from the simulation area, choose "Delete" from the context menu displayed by right-clicking the mouse on the part which you want to delete. Be careful, the parts to which pins or pens are connected cannot be deleted. When deleting a part, first delete the pins or pens connected to the part. 8 The property (attribute) display of parts, pins, and pens. To display the property window and attributes of a part, select "Property" from the context menu displayed by right-clicking the mouse on a part, pin, or pen in the simulation area.

9 Moving all of the parts. (four directions.) All the parts arranged in the simulation area can be simultaneously moved up, down, left or right by clicking the arrows on the move parts tool.

1 Execution of a simulation. (automatic execution.) 0 When pressing the arrows in the controls for automatic simulation, a powered disk (a red-colored disk) rotates clockwise (right-handed rotation) and counterclockwise (left-handed rotation), and the simulation is put into motion. The simulation can be stopped by pressing the control arrows

during the simulation. The speed of rotation can be chosen in the combo box in the controls for automatic simulation. 1 Execution of a simulation. (manual execution.) 1 The manual simulation can be put into motion by leftdragging the slider for manual simulation. By operating the slider, the powered disk can be rotated from 0 degrees to 720 degrees. 1 (Menu) Erase Locus. 2 By pressing the "Erase locus" button in the menu, the locus drawn with the pen is erased. 1 (Menu) Erase All. 3 By pressing the "Erase all" button in the menu, all the parts in the simulation area are erased. 1 (Menu) Return. 4 By pressing the "Return" button in the menu, the parts are returned to the previous location. 1 (Menu) Undo. 5 By pressing the "Undo" button in the menu, the last arrangement or movement operation is returned to the previous state. 1 (Menu) Redo. 6 By pressing the "Redo" button in the menu, the previous Undo action is canceled. 1 (Menu) Open a model.

7 By pressing the "Open a model" button in the menu, the dialog window for "Opening the file of a linkage mechanism" is displayed, and a saved linkage mechanism can be loaded. The file extension of a saved linkage structure for this "Linkage mechanism simulator" is "*.lsd".

1 (Menu) Save a model. 8 By pressing the "Save a model" button in the menu, the dialog window for "Saving the data of the linkage mechanism" is displayed, and the present arrangement of parts in the simulation area can be saved. The file extension of a saved linkage structure for this "Linkage mechanism simulator" is "*.lsd".

1 (Menu) Save an image. 9 By pressing the "Save an image" button in the menu, the dialog window for "Designating an area" is displayed. Please left-drag the mouse and designate an area which you want to save. (The aspect ratio of the designated area is fixed to 4:3.) By pressing the OK button after selecting an area, the dialog window for "Saving the image of the linkage mechanism" is displayed, and

the image of the present parts which are in the simulation area can be saved as a still picture file. By selecting the checkbox for continuous image, a series of still pictures of the powered disk rotating by 20 degrees per image can be saved. The formats of the file in which still pictures can be saved are JPG, BMP and GIF.

2 (Menu) Print an image. 0 By pressing the "Print an image" button in the menu, the dialog window for "Designating an area" is displayed. Please left-drag the mouse and designate an area which you want to print. (The aspect ratio of the designated area is fixed to 4:3.) By pressing the OK button after selecting an area, the dialog window for "Printing" is displayed. The image of the present parts which are in the simulation area can be printed out. By selecting the checkbox for continuous images, a series of

still pictures of the powered disk rotating by 20 degrees per image can be printed out.

2 (Menu) Create a movie. 1 By pressing the "Create a movie" button in the menu, the dialog window for "Designating an area" is displayed. Please left-drag the mouse and designate the area of the image which you want to save. (The aspect ratio of the designated area is fixed to 4:3.) By pressing the OK button, after selecting an area, the dialog window for "Saving the linkage mechanism simulation movie" is displayed, and the present simulation which is arranged in the simulation area can be saved as a movie file or an animation file. The formats for the file in which a linkage mechanism simulation movie can be saved are MPEG-1, AVI, or animated GIF.

2 (Menu) process display. 2 By pressing the "Process display" button in the menu, the Process Display Window appears. The process and result of the calculation of the simulation is displayed in the process display window. In order to close the process display window, please press the Close button in the window, or please press the Disp. Processing button in the menu again. Keep in mind that the speed of the simulation is probably slower when displaying the process window.

2 (Menu) Exit 3 By pressing the Exit button in the menu, the linkage mechanism simulator ends. (A confirmation dialog box is displayed before the program exits.)

Geometry and Topology

At a very high level, topology tells what pieces an object is made of, and the logical relationships between them. A shape is made of a certain set of faces. A face is bounded by a certain set of edges. Two

faces are adjacent if they share a common edge. Topology alone does not tell you the size, curvature, or 3D locations of any of those pieces. However, each piece of topology does knows about it's underlying geometry. A face knows what surface it lies on. An edge knows what curve it lies on. The geometry knows about curvature and location in space. So, for example, if you wanted to know if a point lies on the surface of an object, you would iterate through each of the faces of the object ( topology ), and for each face, check if the point lies on the face's surface ( geometry ). You would also need to check if where the point was on the surface was contained within the curves ( geometry ) that correspondes to the edges ( topology ) that surround the face. Or you could call an existing function to do all that for you.
M.E. DEGREE EXAMINATION, JANUARY 2010 First Semester CAD/CAM CD 9211 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN DESIGN (Common to M.E. Engineering Design, M.E. Product Design and Development and M.E. Computer Aided Design) (Regulation 2009) Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 Marks Answer ALL Questions PART A (10 2 = 20 Marks) 1. Illustrate the Scan-conversion process of a straight line in terms of pixel position. 2. Write the mathematical expression to scale a straight line about a fixed point. 3. Write the parametric equation of a plane surface defined by three points P0 ,P1 and P2. 4. Illustrate the difference between geometry and topology. 5. Sketch the four Boolean operations of a block and a cylinder B. 6. Illustrate translational and rotational sweep models. 7. Distinguish between hidden line removal and hidden surface removal models. 8. State the salient features of RGB color space. 9. Briefly explain the top-down assembly approach. 10. What is the importance of WCS method in the assembly model? PART B (5 16 = 80 Marks) 11. (a) Derive decision parameters for the Bresenhams circle generating algorithm assuming the starting point as (0, 10) and generate the pixel positions for one forth of a circle. Or (b) Explain the Cohen - Sutherland line-clipping approach with proper sketches. 12. (a) A shaft is to transmit 10 kW power at 1500 rpm. The shaft is made of medium carbon steel material. Write a C program to select the material, design the shaft and create the CAD model.

Or (b) A flange coupling is to transmit 5 kW power at 1500 rpm. The coupling is made of cast iron. Write a C/LISP/FORTRAN program to design the coupling and draw the production drawing of the coupling. 13. (a) Explain the following polyhedral object using B-rep elements and verify the Euler equation for the same (i) Simple Polyhedra. (ii) Polyhedral object a face may have loops.

(iii) Objects with holes that do not go through the entire object. (iv) Objects have holes that go through entire objects. Or (b) Sketch the following feature operations using CSG. (i) Extruded (ii) Revolved feature (iii) Chamber (iv) Loft feature (v) Pocket (vi) Shell (vii) Fillet (viii) Draft (ix) Rib and (x) Dimple. 14. (a) Explain briefly with sketches any six tests used for hidden line identification. Or (b) (i) List the differences and the similarities between nonlinear sweeps and lofts. (ii) Describe how the variable radius fillet works. When is such one used? 15. (a) Fig. 15 (a) shows a pin and a block with their MCSs. The pin and the instances to be assembled into the hole in the block. Use WCS and write the transformation matrices to merge the three instances of B into A. Fig. 15 (a) Or (b) Use the bottom-up approach to create the model of the universal joint shown in Fig. 15 (b) Fig. 15 (b)