EMOTIONS

Section # 1 Introduction 1.1 Background What: Emotion is the complex psycho physiological experience of an individual's state of mind as interacting with biochemical (internal) and environmental (external) influences. In humans, emotion fundamentally involves "physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience." Emotion is associated with mood, temperament, personality and disposition, and motivation. Motivations direct and energize behavior, while emotions provide the affective component to motivation, positive or negative. No definitive taxonomy of emotions exists, though numerous taxonomies have been proposed. Some categorizations include:

"Cognitive" versus "non-cognitive" emotions. Instinctual emotions (from the amygdale), versus cognitive emotions (from the prefrontal cortex). Categorization based on duration: Some emotions occur over a period of seconds (for example, surprise), whereas others can last years (for example, love).

A related distinction is between the emotion and the results of the emotion, principally behaviors and emotional expressions. People often behave in certain ways as a direct result of their emotional state, such as crying, fighting or fleeing. If one can have the emotion without the corresponding behavior, then we may consider the behavior not to be essential to the emotion. Classification There are basic and complex categories, where some basic emotions can be modified in some way to form complex emotions (for example, Paul Ekman). In one model, the complex emotions could arise from cultural conditioning or association combined with the basic emotions. Alternatively, analogous to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience. For example interpersonal anger and disgust could blend to form contempt.

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Robert Plutchik proposed a three-dimensional "circumflex model" which describes the relations among emotions. This model is similar to a color wheel. The vertical dimension represents intensity, and the circle represents degrees of similarity among the emotions. He posited eight primary emotion dimensions arranged as four pairs of opposites. Some have also argued for the existence of meta-emotions which are emotions about emotions. Another important means of distinguishing emotions concerns their occurrence in time. Some emotions occur over a period of seconds (for example, surprise), whereas others can last years (for example, love). The latter could be regarded as a long term tendency to have an emotion regarding a certain object rather than an emotion proper (though this is disputed). A distinction is then made between emotion episodes and emotional dispositions. Dispositions are also comparable to character traits, where someone may be said to be generally disposed to experience certain emotions, though about different objects. For example an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or quickly than others do. Finally, some theorists (for example, Klaus Scherer, 2005) place emotions within a more general category of "affective states" where affective states can also include emotion-related phenomena such as pleasure and pain, motivational states (for example, hunger or curiosity), moods, dispositions and traits. The neural correlates of hate have been investigated with an fMRI procedure. In this experiment, people had their brains scanned while viewing pictures of people they hated. The results showed increased activity in the medial frontal gyrus, right putamen, bilaterally in the premotor cortex, in the frontal pole, and bilaterally in the medial insula of the human brain. The researchers concluded that there is a distinct pattern of brain activity that occurs when people experiencing hatred are.

Why: Emotions are an extremely important part of our lives, and they profoundly affect our actions, even though were not always aware of them. Skillful understanding and balancing of emotions is called Emotion Regulation. Emotion regulation is a general term that encompasses several component parts, which include being aware of and paying direct attention to emotions, understanding and labeling emotions, and managing or modifying emotional reactions so as to meet important goals. Emotion regulation skills develop over the course of infancy and childhood and continue to mature during adolescence. These skills are critical to mental health, academic achievement, and good social relationships. Poor emotion regulation skill (called emotional deregulation) is viewed as a core feature of emotional problems and maladjustment. Such deregulation has been linked to problems like depression, substance abuse, cutting, poor performance and aggressive behavior, to name a few. Emotions can feel out of control when adolescents experience acute or long-term stress. Under stress, humans cope in a variety of ways. One coping tendency is to avoid or suppress difficult

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emotions, such as anger, jealousy or fear. Behaviors that may reinforce this emotional avoidance, like substance abuse, can become a preferred way to cope because they temporarily and artificially reduce the intensity of difficult feelings. An opposing tendency is to become preoccupied with emotions, for example, by constantly worrying or ruminating about problems. This coping style can lead to heightened anxiety and depression. Over-reliance on either extreme, or cycling between both, can prevent adolescents from developing the balance and flexibility which is the hallmark of healthy emotion regulation. Here are a few of the reasons our emotions are important in our lives: By the way, the first few chapters of Goleman's 1995 book, Emotional Intelligence, have a good presentation on evolution and emotions. Survival Nature developed our emotions over millions of years of evolution. As a result, our emotions have the potential to serve us today as a delicate and sophisticated internal guidance system. Our emotions alert us when natural human need is not being met. For example, when we feel lonely, our need for connection with other people is unmet. When we feel afraid, our need for safety is unmet. When we feel rejected, it is our need for acceptance which is unmet.

Decision Making Our emotions are a valuable source of information. Our emotions help us make decisions. Studies show that when a person's emotional connections are severed in the brain, he can not make even simple decisions. Why? Because he doesn't know how he will feel about his choices. Predicting Behavior Our feelings are also useful in helping us predict our own, and others' behavior. Here is an article on the idea that feelings predict behavior. Boundary Setting When we feel uncomfortable with a person's behavior, our emotions alert us. If we learn to trust our emotions and feel confident expressing ourselves we can let the person know we feel uncomfortable as soon as we are aware of our feeling. This will help us set our boundaries which are necessary to protect our physical and mental health. Communication Our emotions help us communicate with others. Our facial expressions, for example, can convey a wide range of emotions. If we look sad or hurt, we are signaling to others that we need their help. If we are verbally skilled we will be able to express more of our emotional needs and

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thereby have a better chance of filling them. If we are effective at listening to the emotional troubles of others, we are better able to help them feel understood, important and cared about. Happiness The only real way to know that we are happy is when we feel happy. When we feel happy, we feel content and fulfilled. This feeling comes from having our needs met, particularly our emotional needs. We can be warm, dry, and full of food, but still unhappy. Our emotions and our feelings let us know when we are unhappy and when something is missing or needed. The better we can identify our emotions, the easier it will be to determine what is needed to be happy. Unity Our emotions are perhaps the greatest potential source of uniting all members of the human species. Clearly, our various religious, cultural and political beliefs have not united us. Far too often, in fact, they have tragically and even fatally divided us. Emotions, on the other hand, are universal. Charles Darwin wrote about these years ago in one of his lesser-known books called "The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animal". The emotions of empathy, compassion, cooperation, and forgiveness, for instance, all have the potential to unite us as a species. It seems fair to say that, generally speaking: Beliefs divide us. Emotions unite us. How: Emotions play an extremely important role in human mental life but it is not, on the face of it, clear whether this needs to be the case for AIs. Much of human emotional life is distinctly human in nature, clearly not portable to systems without humanlike bodies. Furthermore, many problems in human psychology and society are caused by emotions run amok in various ways so in respects it might seem desirable to create emotion. Emotion and motivation plays an important role in success Emotion and motivation go together hand in hand. Indeed, emotions play an important part in our lives, and even more so in self improvement. Often times, successful people are those who know how to take control of their emotions and use it to their benefit. The best sportsmen and women are able to stay calm in the heat of the competition. And whenever they meet setbacks, they usually come right back immediately with a crushing performance and winning streak. According to Napoleon Hill in his book Think and Grow Rich, when emotion and desire are used together, it creates a very powerful manifesting energy. Emotion and motivation energizes your desire and gives it power and momentum. With emotion and motivation, your true power of intent will shine through.

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When used wisely, your emotion and motivation can be a powerful force which helps you achieve great things. With most people living their lives being controlled by emotions, I guess its quite obvious that emotions are more than just fleeting feelings.

1.2 Justification The justification of my study rest on the following consideration: My study is going to help the people, how emotions are useful for them. My study is going to help the researchers who will conduct research on same topic. My study is going to help the students; they will come to know how to communicate by using emotions. My study is going to help mangers. My study is going to help the teacher, how they convey the effective message to student by using emotions.

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1.3 Scope The scope of my study is limited to students of all semester in IQRA University in year 2011.

1.4 Purpose The purpose of my study is to find out that how people are using different emotions to communicate and to convey their message clearly and effectively to others. I also want to know that how, when and where people are using emotions in their daily life.

1.5 Questions Following are research questions which are developed by the researcher for the investigation of the study:

1. Do emotions always reflect behavior? 2. Does emotion helps to reflect personality? 3. Can emotion help person to achieve successes? 4. What type of emotion should be use which makes other feel comfortable? 5. Why emotions are necessary in ones life?

1.6 Hypothesis Following are research hypothesis which are developed by the researcher for the investigation of study:

1. Emotion not always reflects behavior. 2. Emotion not helps to judge personality. 3. Emotion sometimes help person to achieve successes. 4. Generous and joyful emotions help to make other comfortable. 5. Emotions are necessary in ones life to make our importance in front of others.

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Graphical Representation Emotion not always reflects behavior.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Series1

Having look at this graph you could say that 40 percent student are agree and 40 percent are disagree while 20 percent said MAYBE. You could even be more specific and state 6 out of 15 are agree and,6 out of 15 are disagree while 3 out of 15 are with MAYBE.

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Emotion not helps to judge personality.

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 yes no ma

Having look at this graph you could say that 60 percent student saiy SOMETIMES, 7 percent say ALWAYS while 33 percent say NEVER. You could even be more specific and state 9 out of 15 say SOMETIMES and,1 out of 15 say ALWAYS while 5 out of 15 say NEVER. Emotion sometimes help person to achieve successes.

Chart Title
14% YES 50% 36% NO MAY BE

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Having look at this graph you could say that 50 percent student are agree and 36 percent are disagree while 14 percent said MAYBE. You could even be more specific and state 7 out of 15 are agree and, 5 out of 15 are disagree while 2 out of 15 are with MAYBE. Generous and joyful emotions help to make other comfortable.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SOMETIMES ALWAYS NEVER

Having look at this graph you could say that 60 percent student saiy SOMETIMES, 33 percent say ALWAYS while 7 percent say NEVER. You could even be more specific and state 9 out of 15 say SOMETIMES and,5 out of 15 say ALWAYS while 1 out of 15 say NEVER.

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Emotions are necessary in ones life to make our importance in front of others

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 yes no ma

Having look at this graph you could say that 46 percent student are agree and 27 percent are disagree while 27 percent said MAYBE. You could even be more specific and state 7 out of 15 are agree and, 4 out of 15 are disagree while 4 out of 15 are with MAYBE.

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Section #2 Methodology

2.1 Research Design: The following research design was used by researchers to collect data.

Identification of problem
Emotions are important in life of every individual. It helps in personal and professional life bot

Defining Variables
Emotions really helps in a persons life to achieve successes.

Selecting Methodology
Surveys and Interviews.

Review of Literature
Jstor, Emerald and Wikipedia.

Review of Market
Surveys of BBA students of 3rd semister.

Selected Interview
30 Students

Need Assessment
The researcher get result by interviewing. by survey and get information from search engines.

Pilot Testing
The mini test was taken from two students.

Data collection
The overall data was collected in a month.

Review, reflection and editing

Report writing

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2.2 Population: Population of the study is comprised of all BBA students. 2.3 Sampling Design: Thirty (30) students have been selected from the first three semesters of BBA program which are divided into fifteen male and fifteen female students.

BBA

1st Semester

2nd Semester

3rd Semester

30 Students
15 Female 15 Male

2.4 Instrumentation: Three instruments were used to collect data which were as follow: 1. Questionnaire. 2. Interview. 3. Search Enginges. Questionnaire: This was prepared by researcher and it consist of 7 questions, which was made of different scales. The pilot testing was also done on two students. Relibility teast was also carried out on SPS 17.5 (Cron back alpha).

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Interview: Participants were asked for interview such as BBA students to share their views about successful media icons. 2 to 3 question was asked from experts and this was recorded. Search Engines: The researcher has used largest search engines JStore and Emerald. 2.5 Pilot Testing: Pilot testing was conducted on two students, similar to one to be actually selected for study this was done to ensure validity and reliability. 2.6 Ethical Considerations: Following ethical standards were taken into consideration during the survey: Respondent were assured that the data collected will be secured and will be used purely for research purpose. The data which was collected will keep secret. Language was screened and was not used to challenge or hurt anyone. No personal attack is done in this research. Identity of the respondents was kept anonymous. No religion is harmed in this research.

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Section # 3 Analysis, Summary, Findings and Recommendation

3.1 Analysis The data collected through questionnaire is explained briefly in this section. The following were asked in the questionnaire.

1. Which type of emotions play more important role in your life? Happiness BOYS GIRLS 62 60 Sadness 46 44 Seriousness 48 32 Joyfulness 56 46

80 60 40 20 0 Happiness Sadness Seriousness GIRLS BOYS Joyfulness BOYS GIRLS

Having look at this graph you could say that boys and girls almost same thinking about emotions which plays an important role in daily life. You can even be more specific and say that 61 % boys and girls says that happy emotions plays important role in daily life, while 45 % boys and girls says that sad emotions play important role, 40 % boys and girls says that seriousness plays important role and 51 % says that joyful emotions are more useful in daily life.

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2. How much emotion helps you to good in front of others? Very Much BOYS GIRLS 29 35 Not Much 21 15 Total 50 50

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Very Much Not Much BOYS GIRLS

Having look at this graph you could say that majority girls believe that emotions help person to good in front of others while boys are agree with both. You can be more specific and can say that 32 % boys and girls are agreeing with that and 18 % are against of this question.
3. How much emotion helps a person in professional life? Very Much BOYS GIRLS 3 9 To Some Extent 6 Sometimes 3 3 Little Much 3 Not much 3 -

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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Very Much To Some Extent Sometimes Little Much Not much BOYS GIRLS

Having look at this graph you could say that more number of girls says that emotions are very much useful in professional life and some believe that it is to some extent or few are with not much, while boys are much agreeing with to some extent and few are with little much. You can be more specific and can say that 6 % boys and girl are with very much, 6 % are with some extent, 3 % are with little much and 3 % are disagreeing.

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4.

BOYS Emotion cause psychological disorder Extremely Agree(5) Agree(4) Neither agree nor disagree(3) Disagree(2) Extremely Disagree(1) 9 6 Emotion cause nervous break down 6 3 6 Emotion can cause depression 6 9 -

Extremely Disagree(1)

Extremely Agree(5) 10 8 6 4 2 0

Agree(4)

Emotion cause psychological disorder Emotion cause nervous break down

Disagree(2)

Neither agree nor disagree(3)

Emotion can cause depression

Having look at this graph you could say that boys are more with the statement that emotions can cause nervous break down while few believe that it can cause psychological and few believe that it can cause depression.

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GIRLS Emotion cause psychological disorder Extremely Agree(5) Agree(4) Neither agree nor disagree(3) Disagree(2) Extremely Disagree(1) 3 3 9 Emotion cause nervous break down 3 12 Emotion can cause depression 6 6 3 -

GIRLS
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Emotion cause psychological disorder Emotion cause nervous break down Emotion can cause depression

Having look at this graph you could say that girls are more with the statement that emotions can cause nervous break down while few believe that it can cause psychological and few believe that it can cause depression.

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5. What type of emotions help employee to work effectively? Motivation BOYS GIRLS 9 6 Internal Emotion 3 3 Physical Emotion 3 Achievement 3 3

10 8 6 4 2 0 GIRLS BOYS BOYS GIRLS

Having look at this graph you could say that more boys as compare to girls believe that motivational emotions help employee to work effectively as compare to others, while girls are aggregate with all statements. You can be more specific and can say that 7 % says that motivation help employee to work, 3 % boys and girls says that internal emotions, 3 % girls says that physical emotions and 3 % boys and girls says that achievement is more helpful.
6. Does emotion always use to make effective decision?

Strongly Agree BOYS GIRLS 3 -

Agree 6 9

May Be 3 6

Disagree 3 -

Strongly Disagree -

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10 8 6 4 2 0 Strongly Agree Agree May Be Disagree GIRLS BOYS Strongly Disagree BOYS GIRLS

Having look at this graph you could say that girls are more agree with the statement that emotion helps to make effective decision, while boys are normally with all. You can more specific and can say that 3 % boys are strongly agree with this, 7.5 % boys and girls are agree, 4.5 % boys and girls says may be, 3 % boys are disagree and both are not with strongly disagree.

7. Emotion is basic factor in persons appearance. YES BOYS GIRLS 15 15 NO -

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16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 YES NO GIRLS BOYS BOYS GIRLS

Having looked at this graph you could say that both girls and boys believe that emotions are basic factor in persons appearance. You can be more specific and can say that 100 % girls and boys are agreeing with this.

3.2 Summary: Emotion is the complex psycho physiological experience of an individual's state of mind as interacting with biochemical (internal) and environmental (external) influences. Emotion is the basic factor in personal and professional life, because a person behaves in different ways while showing emotions in his daily life. To know how people behave in their daily life the survey was conducted from the students. This gives the result that how they use emotional intelligence inn their personal and professional life to complete their task. In this survey 30 students were kept in considerations. And this concluded the result of research topic. The research was taken from the students of IQRA UNIVERSITY studying in BBA 3 rd semester and it was taken in the form of surveys and interview. In the want to recommend that a person should use positive emotion in his/her daily to complete task and achieve successes.

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3.3 Recommendation: The recommendations which I want to do are as follow: Emotions should use positively in daily routine life for good purposes. In organizations the manager should use motivational emotions to motivate employee. Students should use emotions to make themselves relax while doing their work.

References: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/search.htm?st1=emotion+&ct=all&ec=1&bf=1&sr1=res earch%20paper%20on%20emotion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion http://www.jstor.org/stable/257991?&Search=yes&searchText=organization&searchText =useful&searchText=emotion&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3F Query%3Demotion%2Buseful%2Bin%2Borganization%26gw%3Djtx%26acc%3Don%2 6prq%3Demotion%2Buseful%2Bin%2Borganization%26Search%3DSearch%26hp%3D 25%26wc%3Don&prevSearch=&item=12&ttl=3372&returnArticleService=showFullTex t

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Appendix:

Which type of emotion play more important role in your daily life? Happiness Sadness Seriousness Joyful 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

How much emotion helps you to be good in front of others?

Very Much Not Much Total

50

How much emotions help a person in professional life? Very Much ___:___:___:___:___ Not Much

Extremely Agree

Extremely Disagree ____ ____ ____

Emotion cause psychological disorder Emotion cause nervous break down Emotion can cause depression

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What type of emotions help employee to work effectively?

Motivation Internal Emotion Physical Emotion Achievement

Does emotion always use to make effective decision? Strongly Agree Agree May Be Disagree Strongly Disagree

Emotion is basic factor in a persons appearance.

YES

NO