What is geotechnical structure? Lecture No.

2
Introduction to Geotechnical Structure

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Today Lecture
Geotechnical Engineering Structure
What is geotechnical structure? Why is geotechnical structure different to other type of structure (i.e. building structure, offshore structure, highway structure, etc.)? What are problems associated with construction and performance of geotechnical structure?

Why geotechnical structure differ than other type of structure?

Soil-Structure-Interaction Soil-Structure-Construction Interaction

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Lecture Outcomes
At the end of this session the student should be able to:
Describe the term geotechnical structure Describe characteristics geotechnical structure List classification of geotechnical structure and List problems associated with each structure

Soil-Structure Interaction
a. Forces acting on earth retaining structure very much depend on the stiffness of the structure itself. b. The load acting on the steel support system during rock tunneling depends on the stiffness of the support system.

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Sequence of Construction
Backfill structure

Application

Dredge Structure

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Geotechnical Structure
Foundation Earth Retaining Structure Water Retaining Structure Earthen Structure Underground Structure

Sometimes life is not easy.

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Foundation
Shallow foundation
Pad foundation Mat foundation Raft foundation

Earth Retaining Structure

Gravity wall
Counterfort wall

Flexible wall
Free standing Anchored Braced

Deep foundation
Pile foundation Drilled pier (Caisson)

Rigid wall (diaphragm wall) Reinforced earth wall (MSE)

Other
Piled raft foundation
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Steel sheetpile

Application of sheetpile wall

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Cantilever sheetpile

Soil Nailing

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Anchored sheetpile

Braced Excavation

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Braced Excavation

Construction of Slurry Wall

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Example

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Water Retaining Structure

Sheetpile Slurry wall Coffer dam

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Wet Site

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Cofferdam

Dry Site Bulldust

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Earth Structure
Large Volume
Earth Dam Road Foundation

Erosion

Small Volume
Bridge Abutment

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Sliding

Dam after earthquake

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Earth Dam

Dam after earthquake

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Dam after earthquake

Bridge Abutment

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Tunnel Boring Machine Underground Structure

Tunnel
Tunneling Cut and Cover

Culvert Underground Cavern

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Tunnel Boring Machine (Soft Soil)

Tunnel Boring Machine (Rock)

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Cut and Cover Method Tunnel Boring Machine

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Culvert

Underground station

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Environmental Friendly Design

Underground storage

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Underground Cavern
For storage
oil, gas, pressurized air, or material that require a controlled humidity environment

Underground shelter

War control command (NORAD) Shelter in case of war Underground station (power station, pumping
station, subway station etc.)

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?
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Lecture Outcomes
At the end of this session the student should be able to:
Describe the term geotechnical structure Describe characteristics geotechnical structure List classification of geotechnical structure and

Jul 2008/ Jan 2009

UNIVERSIT TEKNOLOGI I PETRONAS

Next Lecture
Type of earth retaining structure Failure mechanism of earth retaining structure Identification of sources of load apply on earth retaining structure Identification of sources of resistance of earth retaining structure
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