Diseases of the Liver in farm

animals

By
Dr. Ali H. Sadiek
Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical
Laboratory Diagnosis

Dept. of Animal Medicine

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Assiut University- Assiut, EGYPT

E-mail: Sadiek59@yahoo.com

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Function of liver
• Maintenance of normal blood sugar by
providing the source as glycogen.
• Synthesis of some of the pl. proteins.
• The formation and excretion of bile salts
and excretion of bile pigments.
• The formation of prothrombin.
• Detoxification and excretion of many
toxic substances.

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 Liver Diseases
• Primary diseases of the liver
occurs rarely in farm animals
except as a result of food
poisonings and Fatty liver.
• Liver dis. occurs secondary to
generalized disease process or by
spread from another organs e.g.
Lung abscess, T.B. RVF, etc.

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 Liver Diseases
Liver diseases either:
• Localised: T.B. Cysts, Abscess
• Diffused: Hepatitis or hepatosis.
• Inflammatory or Non Inflam.

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 Signs of liver and billiary disease
1- Jaundice
2- Nervous signs.
3- Edema.
4- Dig. Troubles (Diarrhea/constipation)
5- Photosensitization.
6- Hemorrhagic diathesis.

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Signs of liver and billiary disease

7- Abd. Pain.
8- Change of Liver size.
9- Displacement of liver.
10- Rupture of liver.
11-Black liver in sheep.
12- Anorexia, vomition, emaciation,
anemia
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 Jaundice
• It is a clinical sign in which yellowish
staining of tissues and membranes,
especially elastic tissue.
• It is clinically detected clinically in
the sclera & other visible m. m.
• It is often arises in diseases of the
liver and billiary system and other
disease e.g. hemolysis of RBCs or
hemorrhage.
• It is classified as: Prehepatic, hepatic
nad posthepatic jaundice.
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 Classification of jaundice:
A) Pre-hepatic (Hemolytic Jaundice):
1- Bacterial toxins (Bacillary Hb urea and
leptospirosis).
2- Babesia and Anaplasma.
3- Viruses (Equine anaemia virus).
4- Immunological reactions.
5- chronic copper toxicity.
6- Lead toxicity.
7- Onion posoning.
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 Classification of jaundice:
B) Hepatic causes: (Hep. jaundice)
1-Toxic hepatitis (phosphorus, arsenic).
2-Infectious hepatitis (salmonell., leptosp.,
listeriosis and inf. Eq. anaemia ).
3-Parasitic hepatitis (Massive liver fluck.
Migration of ascaris larvae).
4-Nutritional hepatitis (Deficiency of cystine
and thiamine & Methionin deficiency
5-Congestive hepatitis.
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 Classification of jaundice:

C) Post hepatic causes: (Obstructive)

Obstruction of bile duct by :
• Calculi,
• Tumors
• Abscess.
• Fasciola

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Bottle jaw

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Jaundice in a horse's oral mucosa.

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Numerous flukes of Fasciola hepatica observed in
the bile ducts and liver parenchyma of a cow

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Photosensitization

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Teats are "burned" and Burned" muzzle, discharges
painful from inflamed eyelids
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 Photosensitization
white of the eye" is yellow or
icteric, an indication that liver
damage may be present

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Normal liver and fatty liver

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Hydatid cysts in bovine liver. Watery cysts in liver

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 Multiple abscesses in the calf
liver as a result of an umbilical
infection

Abdominal edema caused by

liver disease

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 Echinococcosis. E. granulosus
cysts in the liver

parasitic lesion &

mineralization sheep
liver
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Principals Treatment of liver diseases
1)Treat the original cause if it is known.
2)In biliary congestion, give purgatives:
R (for horses) Aloes 18.00
Calomel 4.00
one bolus per os
R (for cattle)
Magnesium sulphate 60.00 gm
Sodium bicarbonate 30.00 gm
Sodium citrate 10.00 gm
given orally as a drench in suffecient
water for 5 successive days.
.
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Principals Treatment of liver diseases
3) Atropin sulphate i.m. (1/4 - 1/2 grain for the
horse and 0.001 - 0.002 grain for dogs) to
dilate the bile duct .
4) Flush the liver with large quantities of
glucose
5) Oral and parentral calcium injection.
6) Multivitamins daily.
7) Easily digest. laxative food (boiled linseed
and little fodder for horses and cattle &
barley water for dogs).
8) Lipotrophic factors should be given as
choline

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