Part 1 (Find out how maths is used in cake baking and cake decorating and write about your

findings) (actually I'm not sure how to write this some websites tat provide last year's sample wroteloooong answers for this part ended up writing too little about this but I'll just give youSOME of the points here. If you have any other suitable ones, do write in down too.) G eometry To determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing anddecorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs, to estimate volume of cake to be produced, etc. Calculus (differentiation) To determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients forcake-baking, to estimate min. or max. amount of cream needed for decorating, to estimatemin. or max. size of cake produced, etc. Progressions To determine total weight/volume of multi-storey cakes with proportionaldimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed for cakebaking, to estimate total amountof cream for decoration, etc. (if there's more, add it yourself and don't forget to elaborate on the points you provide ) Part 2 (bake a 5 kg round cake for your school. given the height of cake, h and the diameter of cake, d .) Q 1) Given 1 kg cake has volume 3800cm, and h is 7cm, so find d . Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake3800 x 5 = (3.142) (d/2) x 719000/7(3.142) = (d/2)863.872 = (d/2)d/2 = 29.392 d = 58.784 cm Q 2) Given the inner dimensions of oven: 80cm length, 60cm width, 45cm height a) Find corresponding values of d with different values of h , and tabulate the answers. First, form the formula for

d in terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake, V =19000, that is: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h19000/(3.142)h = d/424188.415/h = d d = 155.53/h Then, draw and complete table of 2 columns, 10 rows (example), as shown below: (use thatformula to find d, for every value of h)

h d 1.0 155.532.0 109.98... ...10.0 49.18 b) i) State the range of heights that is NOT suitable for the cakes and explain. (my answer) h < 7cm is NOT suitable, because the resulting diameter produced is too largeto fit into the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it lessattractive. b) ii) Suggest and explain the most suitable dimensions ( h and d ) for the cake. NOTE: just provide ONE h and its corresponding d only, it asks for most suitable (whichmeans the one and only suitable) (my answer) h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitablefor easy handling. c) i) Form a linear equation relating d and h . Hence, plot a suitable (linear, best fit) graph basedon that equation. The same formula in Q2/a is used, that is 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h. The same process is also used,that is, make d the subject. This time, form an equation which is suitable and relevant for thegraph: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h19000/(3.142)h = d/424188.415/h = dd = 155.53/hd = 155.53h -1/2 log d = log 155.53h -1/2 log d = -1/2 log h + log 155.53

(the final equation for graph-drawing) Create another table (or add two extra columns to the 1 st table in Q2/a), with one column is log hand the other is log d. Then, plot a graph of log d against log h. NOTE: 2cm on graph represents 0.1 units for both axes. The x-axis must be from 0 till 1.2 or more, in order to answer the next question. ( NOTE: I chose not to use the d = 155.53(1/h) to draw the graph because when h = 0, then1/0, which is undefined (graph will not be a straight-line graph). Therefore, I chose to dothe safer way of using other forms or similar equations (such as the log equation above) sothat the graph will be a continuous straight-line graph. BUT I'm still open for discussionsabout this issue. =) )

ii) Use the graph you've drawn to determine:a) d when h = 10.5cm h = 10.5cm, log h = 1.021, log d = 1.680, d = 47.86cm b) h when d = 42cm d = 42cm, log d = 1.623, log h = 1.140, h = 13.80cm Q3 ) Decorate the cake with fresh cream, with uniform thickness 1cm. a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake, using the dimensions you'vesuggested in Q2/b/ii My answer in Q2/b/ii ==> h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm Amount of fresh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height)Amount of fresh cream = Vol. of cream at the top surface + Vol. of cream at the side surface (The bottom surface area of cake is NOT COUNTED, because we're decorating the visiblepart of the cake only (top and sides). Obviously, we don't decorate the bottom part of thecake, right?) Vol. of cream at the top surface= Area of top surface x Height of cream= (3.142) (54.99/2) x 1= 2375 cm Vol. of cream at the side surface= Area of side surface x Height of cream= (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream= 2(3.142)(54.99/2) (8) x 1= 1382.23 cm Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 =

3757.23 cm b) Suggest THREE other shapes (the shape of the base of the cake) for the cake with same height(depends on the Q2/b/ii) and volume (19000cm). Estimate the amount of fresh cream (thevolume) to be used for each of those cakes. NOTE: Circles may NOT be accepted, because it's already part of the questions earlier, so it'ssafe to provide three different shapes for this question. Depends on your choice of shapes, but usually the volume of top surface is always the same for all shapes (since height is same), therefore your job is to first find out the lengths and widths of the base shape, then find vol. of side surfaces only. This process can be quite difficult, especiallyif you choose shapes that has more than 4 sides, such as pentagon or hexagon. By the way, drawthe shapes that you choose for each question, so that you'll better understand the area involvedfor cake-decorating. My answer (with h = 8cm, and volume of cream on top surface = 19000/8 = 2375 cm) : 1 Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid) (draw cuboid) 19000 = base area x height

base area = 19000/8length x width = 2375By trial and improvement,2375 = 50 x 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8)Therefore, volume of cream= 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front/back side surface) (Heightof cream) + Vol. of top surface= 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2(8 x 47.5)(1) + 2375 = 3935 cm 2 Triangle-shaped base (draw an isosceles triangle, then make it a 3D shape by drawing vertical lines on the vertices.Then join the vertices to form the top surface of the cake) 19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 x length x width = 2375length x width = 4750By trial and improvement,4750 = 95 x 50 (length = 95, width = 50)Slant length of triangle = (95 + 25)= 98.23Therefore, amount of cream= Area of rectangular front side surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/rightside surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface= (50 x 8)(1) + 2(98.23 x 8)(1) + 2375 = 4346.68 cm 3 Pentagon-shaped base (draw a regular pentagon, then draw vertical lines on its vertices, then join the vertices to formthe top surface of cake) 19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagontherefore:2375 = 5(length x width)475 = length x widthBy trial and improvement, 475 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19)Therefore, amount of cream= 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface= 5(8 x 19) + 2375 = 3135 cm

(all the answers above may differ from yours, depending on how do you do the calculations) c) Based on the values above, determine the shape that require the least amount of fresh cream to be used. (depends on your answers, but here's my obvious answer) Pentagon-shaped cake, since itrequires only 3135 cm of cream to be used. Part 3 (Find dimensions of 5kg ROUND cake (volume: 19000cm) that require minimumamount of cream to decorate. Use two different methods, including Calculus

(differentiation/integration). Also, explain whether you would choose to bake that cake with suchdimensions and give reasons why. When there's minimum or maximum, well, there's differentiation and quadratic functions.Use both to find the minimum height, h and its corresponding minimum diameter, d . (Note: This question only gives you just ONE info only: the mass of cake (which you can changeinto volume of cake, as shown), so use this ONE info only to find the minimum dimensions) Here's my answer: Method 1: Differentiation Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formulafor amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a).19000 = (3.142)rh (1)V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)rh (2)From (1): h = 19000/(3.142)r (3)Sub. (3) into (2):V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)r(19000/(3.142)r)V = (3.142)r + (38000/r)V = (3.142)r + 38000r -1 dV/dr = 2(3.142)r (38000/r)0 = 2(3.142)r (38000/r) -->> minimum value, therefore dV/dr = 038000/r = 2(3.142)r 38000/2(3.142) = r 6047.104 = r r = 18.22 Sub. r = 18.22 into (3):h = 19000/(3.142)(18.22) h = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44cm Method 2: Quadratic Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is themain equation used as the quadratic function.Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake:19000 = (3.142)rh (1)f(r) = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)hr (2)From (2):f(r) = (3.142)(r + 2hr) -->> factorize (3.142)= (3.142)[ (r + 2h/2) (2h/2) ] -->> completing square, with a = (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0= (3.142)[ (r + h) h ]= (3.142)(r + h) (3.142)h(a = (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = (3.142)h, corresponding valueof x = r = --h)

Sub. r = --h into (1):19000 = (3.142)(--h)hh = 6047.104 h = 18.22 Sub. h = 18.22 into (1):19000 = (3.142)r(18.22)r = 331.894 r = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22 cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44 cm I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are notsuitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes aredifficult to handle easily. (add in your own explanation.) Fu rther Exploration (order to bake multi-storey cake) Given:height, h of each cake = 6cm radius of largest cake = 31cm radius of 2 nd cake = 10% smaller than 1 st cake radius of 3 rd cake = 10% smaller than 2 nd cake etc. From question, you'll get: 31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599, (GP with a = 31, r = 9/10) a) Find volume of 1 st ,2 nd ,3 rd , and 4 th cakes. Determine whether the volumes form number pattern, then explain and elaborate on the number patterns. Use the formula for volume V = (3.142)rh, with h = 6 to get the volume of cakes. The values of r can be obtained from the progression of radius of cakes given in previous question. My answer: Radius of 1 st cake = 31, volume of 1 st cake = (3.142)(31)(6) = 18116.772 Radius of 2

nd cake = 27.9, vol. of 2 nd cake = 14674.585 Radius of 3 rd cake = 25.11, vol. of 3 rd cake = 11886.414 Radius of 4 th cake = 22.599, vol. of 4 th cake = 9627.995 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, (it is a G P with first term, a = 18116.772 and ratio, r = T 2 /T 1 =T 3 /T 2 = = 0.81)

b) Given the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg ( total mass < 15 kg, change tovolume: total volume < 57000 cm), find the maximum number of cakes that needs to be baked.Verify the answer using other methods. Use S n = (a(1 - r n )) / (1 - r), with S n = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81 to find n:57000 = (18116.772(1 (0.81) n )) / (1 - 0.81)1 0.81 n = 0.597790.40221 = 0.81 n

log 0.81 0.40221 = nn = log 0.40221 / log 0.81n = 4.322therefore, n 4Verifying the answer: When n = 5: S 5 = (18116.772(1 (0.81) 5 )) / (1 0.81) = 62104.443 > 57000 (S n > 57000, n = 5 is notsuitable) When n = 4: S 4 = (18116.772(1 (0.81) 4 )) / (1 0.81) = 54305.767 < 57000 (S n < 57000, n = 4 is suitable)