Eng Quen

Helge K. Fauskanger http://www.uib.
no/People/hnohf/

Wordlist last updated May 17th, 2005 Presented by http://www.ambar-eldaron.com 1

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English Quenya
(last updated May 17th, 2005)

by Helge K. Fauskanger
http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/

Helge K. Fauskanger http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/

Quettaparma Quenyanna

= poetic or archaic word (e.g. l "star", elen being the ordinary word) or a poetic or archaic meaning of an
ordinary word (e.g. russ "corruscation, swordblade"),
* = unattested form,
** = wrong form,
# = word that is only attested in a compound or in an inflected form (e.g. #apa, #Apanna; see AFTER below),
TLT = Tolkien's lifetime (by some called "Real Time", as opposed to:)
MET = Middle-Earth Time (or rather Arda Time, since Quenya originated in the Blessed Realm),
LotR = The Lord of the Rings (HarperCollinsPublishers, one-volume edition of 1991),
Silm = The Silmarillion (HarperCollinsPublishers 1994),
MC = The Monsters and the Critics and other Essays,
MR = Morgoth's Ring, LR = The Lost Road,
Etym = The Etymologies (in LR:347-400),
FS = Friel's Song (in LR:72),
RGEO = The Road Goes Ever On (Second Edition),
WJ = The War of the Jewels,
PM = The Peoples of Middle-earth, Letters = The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien,
LT1 = The Book of Lost Tales 1,
LT2 = The Book of Lost Tales 2,
Nam = Namri (in LotR:398),
Arct = "Arctic" sentence (in The Father Christmas Letters),
GL = Gnomish Lexicon (in Parma Eldalamberon [PE] #11 - references are selective),
QL = Qenya Lexicon (in Parma Eldalamberon #12 - references are again selective),
VT = Vinyar Tengwar (PE and VT being journals publishing Tolkien material edited by C. Gilson, C.F. Hostetter,
A.R. Smith, W. Welden and P. Wynne; please refer to the individual journals here referenced to determine which
editors are involved in any given case),
vb = verb,
adj = adjective,
interj = interjection,
pa.t. = past tense,
fut = future tense,
perf = perfect tense,
freq = frequentative form,
inf = infinitive, gen = genitive,
pl = plural form,
sg = singular form.
The spelling used in this wordlist is regularized (c for k except in a few names, x for ks, long vowels marked with
accents rather than macrons or circumflexes; the diaeresis is used as in LotR). When s in a word represents earlier
(th as in "thing") and it should be spelt with the letter sl instead of silm in Tengwar writing (though Tolkien
himself sometimes ignored or forgot this), this is indicated by () immediately following the word in question (e.g.
sanda, sanya-; see ABIDE, ABIDING below).



Wordlist last updated February 14th, 2005

A

A, AN (indefinite article) - no Quenya
equivalent. Elen Elen Elen Elen "star" may thus also be
translated "a star" (LotR:94). The absence of the
definite article i i i i "the" usually indicates that the
noun is indefinite (though there are exceptions -
see THE).
ABANDON hehta hehta hehta hehta- (pa.t. h hh hehtan ehtan ehtan ehtan is given but
seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out,
exclude, forsake) -WJ:365
ABHOR feuya feuya feuya feuya- -- -, yelta yelta yelta yelta- (loathe); THE
ABHORRED Sauron Sauron Sauron Sauron ( ) -PHEW/VT46:9,
Silm:418, VT45:11
ABIDE mar mar mar mar- (be settled of fixed) (fut. #maruva #maruva #maruva #maruva
is attested: maruvan maruvan maruvan maruvan "I will abide"); ABIDE BY
himya himya himya himya- (cleave to, stick to, adhere); ABIDING
sanda sanda sanda sanda ( ) (firm, true); LAW-ABIDING sanya sanya sanya sanya ( )
(regular, normal) (variant vorosanya vorosanya vorosanya vorosanya with a
prefixed element meaning "ever"). -
UT:317/LotR:1003, KHIM/VT45:22,
STAN/VT46:16
ABOVE: According to VT44:26, Tolkien in one
text glosses apa apa apa apa as "above but touching", but
apa apa apa apa is normally the preposition "after" instead.
For "above", the preposition or or or or "over" may be
used.
ABUNDANCE v v v v; ABUNDANT va va va va (in a very
great number), alya alya alya alya (rich, blessed, prosperous) -
UB, GALA
ABYSS undum undum undum undum -MC:222 cf. 215
ACCOMOSATE camta camta camta camta- (sic; the cluster mt mt mt mt
seems unusual for Quenya, and while the source
does not explicitly say that this word is Quenya,
it is difficult to understand what other language
could be intended) (to [make] fit, suit, adapt) -
VT44:14
ACCOUNT (noun) quental quental quental quental (history),
lmequenta lmequenta lmequenta lmequenta (chronological account, history);
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT quentasta quentasta quentasta quentasta (any
particular arrangement, by some author, of a
series of reconds or evidences into a given
historical account - not History as such, which is
quental quental quental quental) -KWET, LU, VT39:16
ACRE resta resta resta resta (sown field) -VT46:11 cf. RED-
ACROSS arta arta arta arta (athwart) (Note: arta arta arta arta also means
"fort, fortress") -LT2:335
ACT OF WILL nirm nirm nirm nirm -VT39:30
ACTOR tyaro tyaro tyaro tyaro (agent, doer) -KYAR
ACTUAL anwa anwa anwa anwa (real, true) -ANA
ACUTE tereva tereva tereva tereva (fine, piercing); ACUTE,
ACUTENESS laic laic laic laic (In the printed Etymologies, a
similar word is also the adjective "keen, sharp,
acute", but according to VT45:25, this is a
misreading; the final vowel of the adjective
should be -a aa a, not - . However, the conceptual
validity of the adjective laica laica laica laica, and therefore also
the corresponding noun laic laic laic laic, is questionable;
see PIERCING.) -TER, LAIK
ADAPT camta camta camta camta- (sic; the cluster mt mt mt mt seems
unusual for Quenya; while the source does not
explicitly say that this word is Quenya, it is
difficult to understand what other language could
be intended) (to [make] fit, suit, accomosate) -
VT44:14
ADHERE himya himya himya himya- (abide by, cleave to, stick to) -
VT45:22, cf. KHIM
ADHERING himba himba himba himba (sticking) -KHIM
ADMIRAL ciryatur ciryatur ciryatur ciryatur (only attested as the
personal name Ciryatur Ciryatur Ciryatur Ciryatur of an admiral, but the
word means *"ship-ruler") -UT:239
ADULT (adj) va va va va (manly, vigorous); ADULT
MAN vaner vaner vaner vaner; ADULT MALE nr nr nr nr (ner ner ner ner-, as in. pl
neri neri neri neri) (man) -WEG, DER
ADNAKHOR Herunmen Herunmen Herunmen Herunmen -UT:222, Silm:322
AEGNOR Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro (so in Silm:435 and
PM:345; MR:323 has Aicanr Aicanr Aicanr Aicanr) (Sharp Flame,
Fell Fire)
AFFECT #ap ap ap ap- (given as aorist stem ap ap ap ap) (to
concern, to touch one) -VT44:26
AFFECTIONATE mla mla mla mla (loving) -VT39:10
AFFLICTED - be afflicted: moia moia moia moia- (labour). The
participle *moiala moiala moiala moiala may then be used to translate
"afflicted" as an adjective, describing one who is
"labouring" or toiling as a thrall. -VT43:31
AFTER apa apa apa apa (attested in compounds like
Apannar Apannar Apannar Apannar, see below), #ep ep ep ep- (used in compounds
when the second part of the compound begins

with a vowel, only attested in epess epess epess epess "after-
name" - see NICKNAME.) It may be that the
prefix #ep ep ep ep- belongs to another conceptual phase
in Tolkien's development of Quenya. Variant
forms of apa apa apa apa "after" include opo opo opo opo and p p p p/po po po po
(VT44:36). According to VT44:26, the preposition
apa apa apa apa may also appear as pa pa pa pa, p p p p (cf. yni pa yni yni pa yni yni pa yni yni pa yni
"years after years" in VT44:35), but pa pa pa pa/p p p p is in
other manuscripts defined as "touching, as
regards, concerning". THE AFTER-BORN
Apannar Apannar Apannar Apannar (sg #Apanna Apanna Apanna Apanna) (i.e., an Elvish name of
Men, according to WJ:387 "a word of lore, not
used in daily speech") -Silm:122/WJ:387,
UT:266
AGAIN ata ata ata ata; AGAIN (prefix) en en en en- -- -, (prefix) at at at at- -- -, ata ata ata ata- -- -
(back-, re-) (AT[AT])
AGAINST: According to VT44:26, Tolkien in
some documents glosses apa apa apa apa or p p p p as
"touching, against", but apa apa apa apa is normally the
preposition "after" instead.
AGE randa randa randa randa (cycle); AGES OF AGES ynion ynion ynion ynion
yni yni yni yni -RAD, VT44:36
AGENT tyaro tyaro tyaro tyaro (actor, doer) -KAR
AGILE tyelca tyelca tyelca tyelca (swift) -KYELEK
AGO y y y y -YA
AGONY qualm qualm qualm qualm (death), unqual unqual unqual unqual (death;
according to VT45:24, Tolkien changed this word
to anqual anqual anqual anqual) -KWAL, VT45:5, 24, 36
AH (interj.) ai ai ai ai (alas) Ai! lauri lantar lassi Ai! lauri lantar lassi Ai! lauri lantar lassi Ai! lauri lantar lassi Ah!
golden fall the leaves (Nam)
AIR vista vista vista vista (= air as substance); lind lind lind lind (tune,
song, singing); vilya vilya vilya vilya older [MET] wilya wilya wilya wilya (sky);
vilma vilma vilma vilma (lower air) (perhaps changed to vista vista vista vista, but
vilma vilma vilma vilma was not struck out in Etym); PUFF OF AIR
hwesta hwesta hwesta hwesta (breeze, breath); UPPER AIRS AND
CLOUDS fanyar fanyar fanyar fanyar (skies), AIRY vilin vilin vilin vilin (breezy) -
WIS, LIN, WIL/LT1:273, SWES/LotR:1157,
MC:223, LT1:273
ALAS (interj.) a aa ai i i i (ah) (Etym also gives a word
nai nai nai nai, but this clashes with nai nai nai nai "be it that" in
Namri.); also orro orro orro orro or horro horro horro horro as an "exclamation
of horror, pain, disgust: ugh, alas! ow!" -
Nam/RGEO:66, NAY, VT45:17
ALIVE cuina cuina cuina cuina; BEING ALIVE (noun not adj) cuil cuil cuil cuil
(life) (LT1:257 gives coina coina coina coina, coira coira coira coira.) -KUY
ALL ilya ilya ilya ilya (all of a particular group of things, the
whole, each, every) (Note: ilya ilya ilya ilya normally appears
as ily ily ily ily before a plural noun: ily tier ily tier ily tier ily tier "all paths");
ALLNESS, THE ALL ilv ilv ilv ilv (the whole), ALL
THAT IS WANTED fr fr fr fr, farm farm farm farm (plenitude,
sufficiency) -VT39:20, VT44:9, IL, Nam cf.
RGEO:67, Silm:433/WJ:402, PHAR/VT46:9
ALLOW lav lav lav lav- -- - (yield, grant); NOT ALLOW TO
CONTINUE nuhta nuhta nuhta nuhta- -- - (stunt, prevent from coming
to completion, stop short) -DAB, WJ:413
ALONE (see also LONELY, SOLE) er er er er (one,
alone, only, but, still), eress eress eress eress (singly, only, also
as noun: solitude) -ERE, LT1:269
ALPHABET tengwanda tengwanda tengwanda tengwanda -TEK
ALSO yando yando yando yando -QL:104
ALWAYS illum illum illum illum (earlier variants of the relevant
text also have vora vora vora vora and vor vor vor vor, forms Tolkien may
or may not have abandoned) -VT44:9
ALTOGETHER aqua aqua aqua aqua (fully, completely, wholly)
-WJ:392
*AMANIAN (only translated "of Aman" by
Tolkien) amanya amanya amanya amanya. Cf. also manyar manyar manyar manyar, amanyar amanyar amanyar amanyar,
Alamanyar Alamanyar Alamanyar Alamanyar "those not of Aman" (the Elves who
started on the march from Cuivinen but did not
reach Aman; contrast the Avamanyar Avamanyar Avamanyar Avamanyar, another
name of the Avari.) -WJ:411, 373, 370, MR:163
AMEN (Hebrew: "truly, certainly, may it be so")
nsi nsi nsi nsi (another form, nsan nsan nsan nsan, was apparently
abandoned by Tolkien) -VT43:24, 35
AMLOTH *Ambalots Ambalots Ambalots Ambalots (Tolkien asterisked the
word because it was not "attested", only a
possible Quenya form of Amloth Amloth Amloth Amloth. See
"UPRISING-FLOWER".) -WJ:318
AMONG imca imca imca imca, mici mici mici mici -VT43:30
AMRAS Telufinw Telufinw Telufinw Telufinw (meaning "Last Finw", not
the equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name.
The short form of his name was Tel Tel Tel Telvo vo vo vo *"Last
One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarussa Ambarussa Ambarussa Ambarussa,
but this name was not used in narrative.) -
PM:353
AMROD Pityafinw Pityafinw Pityafinw Pityafinw (meaning "Little Finw", not
the equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name.
The short form of his name was Pityo Pityo Pityo Pityo *"Little
One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarto Ambarto Ambarto Ambarto, or
Umbarto Umbarto Umbarto Umbarto, but these names were not used in
narrative.) -PM:353
AN see A
ANCIENT yra yra yra yra (old, belonging to or descending
from former times) -YA
AND ar ar ar ar (possibly a a a a before f f f f [and v vv v?]: eldain a eldain a eldain a eldain a
frimoin frimoin frimoin frimoin "for elves and men" [FS], cf. a valmarion a valmarion a valmarion a valmarion
"and of those of Valmar" [from "Antatye Voronwi"
by C. Gilson, Vinyar Tengwar #31 p. 10]) (In
Sauron Defeated p. ii, o o o o is translated "and", but
LotR, Silm and Etym all agree that the Quenya
word for "and" is ar ar ar ar. A longer variant ar ar ar ar is
mentioned in VT43:31.) AND YET a aa a- -- -
nanta/ananta nanta/ananta nanta/ananta nanta/ananta (but yet) -AR/Nam/FS, VT43:31,
NDAN
ANGBAND Angamando Angamando Angamando Angamando (Iron-gaol) (so in
MR:350 and Silm:428; Etym has Angamanda Angamanda Angamanda Angamanda, or
in deleted material Angavanda Angavanda Angavanda Angavanda). -MR:350,
Silm:428, MBAD, VT45:6
ANGELIC POWER Vala Vala Vala Vala (pl. Valar Valar Valar Valar or Vali Vali Vali Vali, gen.
pl. Valion Valion Valion Valion is attested in Friel's Song); ANGELIC

SPIRIT Ainu Ainu Ainu Ainu, f. Aini Aini Aini Aini (holy one, god) -
LotR:1157/BAL/FS, AYAN, LT1:248
ANGELN (island in the Danish peninsula)
Eriollo Eriollo Eriollo Eriollo -LT1:252
ANGROD Angarto Angarto Angarto Angarto -Silm:428
ANIMAL #celva celva celva celva (only pl. celvar celvar celvar celvar ["k"] is attested, , , ,
translated "animals, living things that move" in
Silm appendix and WJ:341); laman laman laman laman (pl. lamni lamni lamni lamni or
lamani lamani lamani lamani) ("usually only applied to four-footed
beasts, and never to reptiles and birds"); MALE
ANIMAL hanu hanu hanu hanu (male) -Silm:52/53,/405:3AN,
WJ:416
ANYBODY - if anybody: aiquen aiquen aiquen aiquen (whoever) -
WJ:372
APPROPRIATE (to a special purpose or owner)
#sat sat sat sat- (set aside). The verb #sat sat sat sat- is cited in the
form "sati sati sati sati-", evidently including the connecting
vowel of the aorist, as in *satin satin satin satin "I appropriate". -
VT42:20
APRIL Vress Vress Vress Vress -LotR:1144/1146
AR-ADNAKHOR Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -Herunmen Herunmen Herunmen Herunmen -UT:222,
Silm:322
AR-BELZAGAR Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -Calmacil Calmacil Calmacil Calmacil -UT:222
AR-GIMILZR Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -Telemnar Telemnar Telemnar Telemnar -UT:223
AR-INZILADN Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -Palantir Palantir Palantir Palantir -UT:223, Silm:324
AR-PHARAZN Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -Calion Calion Calion Calion (and, as an
experimental form, Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -culu culu culu culu?) -UT:224, Silm:324,
VT45:24
AR-SAKALTHR Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -Falassion Falassion Falassion Falassion -UT:223
AR-ZIMRAPHEL Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -Mriel Mriel Mriel Mriel -UT:224, Silm:324
AR-ZIMRATHN Tar Tar Tar Tar- -- -Hostamir Hostamir Hostamir Hostamir -UT:222
ARCTURUS (a star) Morwinyon Morwinyon Morwinyon Morwinyon (said to mean
"the glint at dusk" or "glint in the dark") -LT1:260
ARE see BE
ARGON Aracno Aracno Aracno Aracno -PM:345
ARM ranco ranco ranco ranco (stem *rancu rancu rancu rancu-, pl. ranqui ranqui ranqui ranqui) (LT2:335
gives r r r r [there spelt r r r r], but this word is certainly
obsolete: In Etym, r r r r is glossed "lion".) -RAK
ARMY hoss hoss hoss hoss (band, troop) -LT2:340
ARNOR Arnanor Arnanor Arnanor Arnanor, Arnanr Arnanr Arnanr Arnanr ("royal land") -
Letters:428
ARROW pilin pilin pilin pilin (pilind pilind pilind pilind-, as in the pl. pilindi pilindi pilindi pilindi) -
PLIM
ART Carm Carm Carm Carm (making, production) -UT:396
ARTIFICIAL CAVE hrta hrta hrta hrta (dwelling
underground, rockhewn hall) -PM:365
AS (prep) ve ve ve ve (like). The longer variant sv sv sv sv
appears to introduce a comparison with
something that is near to the point or thought of
the speaker, whereas tamb tamb tamb tamb introduces a
comparison with something remote, as in
Tolkien's translation of one line from the Lord's
Prayer: cemend cemend cemend cemend tamb tamb tamb tamb Erumand Erumand Erumand Erumand "on earth as
in heaven" ("heaven" being remote we may
theorize that "in heaven as [here] on earth"
would translate as *Erumand Erumand Erumand Erumand sv sv sv sv cemend cemend cemend cemend,
since "earth" would represent the position of the
speaker). NOTE: a homophone sv sv sv sv means
"peace". AS REGARDS pa pa pa pa, p p p p (concerning,
touching) -Nam/RGEO:66, 67, VT43:12, 38,
VT44:26
ASCENT rosta rosta rosta rosta, ASCENSION orosta orosta orosta orosta -LT1:267,
256
ASGARD Valinor Valinor Valinor Valinor, Valinr Valinr Valinr Valinr (Tolkien actually
uses this gloss of Valinor Valinor Valinor Valinor, as Asgard is the City
of the Gods in Norse mythology) -LT1:272
ASIDE - stand aside! heca! heca! heca! heca! - also with
pronominal affixes: sg hecat hecat hecat hecat, pl hecal hecal hecal hecal "you stay
aside!" (be gone!) LEAVING ASIDE hequa hequa hequa hequa (not
counting, excluding, except) -WJ:364, 365
*ASK #maquet maquet maquet maquet- (only pa.t. maquent maquent maquent maquent is attested.
The word is not translated, but undoubtedly
means "asked": 'Mana icoi 'Mana icoi 'Mana icoi 'Mana icoimas inEldaron?' mas inEldaron?' mas inEldaron?' mas inEldaron?'
maquent Elendil maquent Elendil maquent Elendil maquent Elendil [PM:403]. The question itself is
translated "What is the coimas of the Eldar?", so
the rest must be "Elendil asked". Furthermore,
maquent maquent maquent maquent is transparently quent quent quent quent "said" with the
interrogative element ma ma ma ma [PM:357] prefixed.)
ASK FOR - see DEMAND.
ASLEEP lorna lorna lorna lorna -LOS
ASSEMBLE hosta hosta hosta hosta- -- - (gather, collect) -MC:223
ASSOCIATE otorno otorno otorno otorno (sworn brother) osell osell osell osell ( )
(sworn sister) -TOR, THEL
ASTRONOMER meneldil meneldil meneldil meneldil -Letters:386
AT s s s s, se se se se (the form with a long vowel may be
preferred since se se se se is apparently also a 3rd
person pronoun) (in) -VT43:30, 34
ATHWART arta arta arta arta (across) (Note: arta arta arta arta also
means "fort, fortress"); GO ATHWART tara tara tara tara- -- -
(cross) -LT2:335, 347
AUGER teret teret teret teret (gimlet) -LT1:255
AUGUST Urim Urim Urim Urim (so in LotR; UT has rim rim rim rim) -
LotR:1144, UT:302/470
AUTHORITY Mhan Mhan Mhan Mhan (pl Mhani Mhani Mhani Mhani is given, but
seems perfectly regular). Tolkien once stated
that Valar Valar Valar Valar should strictly be translated "the
Authorities" (MR:350), but Vala Vala Vala Vala obviously cannot
be used to translate "authority" in general; it was
used only of the Valar themselves (WJ:404). Cf.
also adj. valya valya valya valya "having (divine) authority or
power". Mhani Mhani Mhani Mhani was adopted from Valarin and
originally probably referred to the Valar
themselves. We are not told whether Mhan Mhan Mhan Mhan
could or should be applied to a non-divine
authority (at least it should not be capitalized if
so used). Note: Mhan Mhan Mhan Mhan means *"Supreme One"
rather than "authority" as an abstract. -MR:350,
BAL, WJ:399/402
AUTUMN yvi yvi yvi yvi (harvest - in the Calendar of
Imladris, yvi yvi yvi yvi was a precisely defined period of
54 days, but the word was also used without any
exact definition), lasselanta lasselanta lasselanta lasselanta ("leaf-fall", used of

the beginning of winter or as a synonym of
quell quell quell quell; see FADING. Also spelt lasse lasse lasse lasse- -- -lanta lanta lanta lanta with
a hyphen), narquelion narquelion narquelion narquelion ("fire-fading" - this word
from Friel's Song and Etym seems to
correspond to narqueli narqueli narqueli narqueli in LotR, but the latter is
the name of the month corresponding to our
October.) LT1:273 has yvan yvan yvan yvan "autumn, harvest",
but this word may be obsoleted by yvi yvi yvi yvi. -
LotR:1142, 1144, 1145/Silm:439/LT1:254, DAT,
FS, NAR/KWAL, Letters:382
AVENUE OF TREES aldon aldon aldon aldon -LT1:249
AWAKE coiva coiva coiva coiva- -- - (so in LT1:257; read *cuiva *cuiva *cuiva *cuiva- in
Tolkien's later Quenya? Cf. the following:)
AWAKENING (noun) cuivi cuivi cuivi cuivi (obsoleting coivi coivi coivi coivi in
LT1:257), cuiv cuiv cuiv cuiv; AWAKENING (adj) cuiva cuiva cuiva cuiva -
KUY/Silm:429
AWAY oa oa oa oa, oar oar oar oar (viewed from the point of view of
the thing, person, or place left). Oar Oar Oar Oar is used of
movement only, as in "I went away". See also
GO AWAY. -WJ:366 cf. 361, VT39:6.
AWNING teltass teltass teltass teltass -GL:70
AXE pelecco pelecco pelecco pelecco -LT2:346

B
BABE laps laps laps laps -LAP
BACK - LT2:338 mentions a Gnomish word
alm alm alm alm, said to mean "the broad of the back from
shoulder to shoulder, back, shoulders". It is
stated that the "Qenya" cognate of this Gnomish
word occurs in the name Aikaldamor Aikaldamor Aikaldamor Aikaldamor - i.e.,
#aldamo aldamo aldamo aldamo or #aldamor #aldamor #aldamor #aldamor? But this is hardly a valid
word in LotR-style Quenya.
BACK- (prefix) at at at at- -- -, ata , ata , ata , ata- -- - (re-, again-); THOSE
WHO GO BACK Nandor Nandor Nandor Nandor (Elves that left the
March from Cuivinen) AT BACK OF PLACE,
see BEHIND. -AT(AT), WJ:384
BACKWARDS nan nan nan nan- -- - (prefix?) -NDAN
BAD olca olca olca olca (wicked) (VT43:24). Compare ulca ulca ulca ulca
"evil". The Gnomish fg is glossed "bad" in
GL:34, and this is equated with Q faica faica faica faica, glossed
"contemptible, mean" under SPAY in the
Etymologies.
BAKE masta masta masta masta- -- - -MBAS
BALE OUT calpa calpa calpa calpa- -- - (draw water, scoop out) -
KALPA
BALL coron coron coron coron (stem #corn corn corn corn-, as in dat.sg. cornen cornen cornen cornen)
(globe) -KOR
BALROG Valarauko Valarauko Valarauko Valarauko (pl. Valaraukar Valaraukar Valaraukar Valaraukar) (so in the
Silmarillion - in Etym the Quenya form of
Sindarin balrog is malarauco malarauco malarauco malarauco, while LT1:250
gives Malcarauc Malcarauc Malcarauc Malcarauc) -Silm:35/425/439, RUK
BAND noss noss noss noss (army, troop) -LT2:340
BANK (esp. of river) rva rva rva rva -RAMB
BARK - Tolkien originally thought that parma parma parma parma
"book" really meant "skin, bark; parchment", with
"book, writings" as the secondary meaning. But
in Etym parma parma parma parma is derived from a stem meaning
"compose, put together", obsoleting the old
etymology. -LT2:346, contrast PAR
BASE sundo sundo sundo sundo ( ) (root, root-word) (pl. #sundar sundar sundar sundar,
isolated from Tarmasundar Tarmasundar Tarmasundar Tarmasundar in UT:166), talan talan talan talan
(talam talam talam talam- -- -) (floor, ground), talma talma talma talma (foundation, root);
BASE-STRUCTURE sundocarm sundocarm sundocarm sundocarm ( ) -SUD (but
VT46:16 indicates that Tolkien changed the root
to STUD, also implying that sundo sundo sundo sundo was originally
undo undo undo undo), WJ:319, TALAM, TAL, LT:343
BATTER palpa palpa palpa palpa- -- - (beat) -PALAP
BAY (small and landlocked) hpa hpa hpa hpa (haven,
harbour) -KHOP
BE: The forms of the verb "to be" that occur in
the published corpus are n n n n "is", nar nar nar nar "are",
nauva nauva nauva nauva "will be" and na na na na imperative "be!" (na air na air na air na air
"be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun alcar...na Erun alcar...na Erun alcar...na Erun "glory...be to
God", VT44:34); this imperative na na na na is apparently
incorporated in the word nai nai nai nai "be it that"
(misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). N N N N "is"
appears with a short vowel (na na na na) in some sources,
but writers should probably maintain the long
vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative (as
well as the wholly distinct preposition na na na na "to").
The word a a a a (pa.t. eng eng eng eng, VT43:38) is variously
translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". Friel's
Song contains a word ye ye ye ye "is" (compare
VT46:22), but Tolkien may have abandoned ye ye ye ye
in LotR-style Quenya. For "was", some writers
have used n n n n, pl. ("were") ner ner ner ner. Also attested is
the negative copula uin uin uin uin and umin umin umin umin "I do not, am
not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. m m m m. MAY IT BE SO,
see AMEN. -Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An
Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34, Silm:21/391,
FS, UGU/UMU
BE GONE! heca! heca! heca! heca! - also with pronominal affixes:
sg hecat hecat hecat hecat, pl hecal hecal hecal hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) -
WJ:364
BEACH falas falas falas falas (falass falass falass falass- -- -), falass falass falass falass (shore, line of
surf), falas falas falas falas, hresta hresta hresta hresta (ablative hrestallo hrestallo hrestallo hrestallo is attested),
fra fra fra fra (shore). -LT1:253, Silm:431, PHAL/LT2:339,
MC:221/222/223, VT46:15

BEAR (vb) #col #col #col #col- (verb stem isolated from
#colindo colindo colindo colindo "bearer". Cf. mel mel mel mel- "to love", melindo melindo melindo melindo
"lover". #Col #Col #Col #Col- -- - can also be translated *"wear" [of
clothes], cf. the past participle colla colla colla colla "borne,
worn".) BEAR FRUIT yavin yavin yavin yavin (which must mean *"I
bear fruit", stem #yav yav yav yav- -- -. Tolkien often employs the
1st person aorist when mentioning a verb in his
wordlists.) -LotR:989, cf. Letters:308 and MEL,
MR:385, LT1:273
BEAR (noun) morco morco morco morco -MORK
BEARD fanga fanga fanga fanga (obsoleting vanga vanga vanga vanga in GL:21;
GL:34 has fang fang fang fang "long beard", whereas GL:63
gives poa poa poa poa. Neo-Quenya writers should use
fanga fanga fanga fanga.) -SPNAG
BEARER #colindo colindo colindo colindo (only attested in the pl
compound cormacolindor cormacolindor cormacolindor cormacolindor "Ring-bearers") -
LotR:989, cf. Letters:308
BEAT palpa palpa palpa palpa- -- - (batter) -PALAP
BEAUTIFUL vanya vanya vanya vanya (Note: a homophone verb
means "disappear"), linda linda linda linda (beautiful/fair of
sound, VT45:27), calwa calwa calwa calwa, vanima vanima vanima vanima (nominal pl
vanimar vanimar vanimar vanimar "beautiful ones" and partitive plural
genitive vanimlion vanimlion vanimlion vanimlion are attested) (fair, proper,
right). According to MR:49, Maiar Maiar Maiar Maiar means "the
Beautiful", but in Quenya this is the name of an
order of spirits and cannot be used as a general
adjective. BEAUTY vaness vaness vaness vaness, WITHOUT
BEAUTY van van van van, adj. vana vana vana vana -BAN, SLIN,
LT1:254, LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, LT1:272,
MR:49, VT39:14
BED caima caima caima caima; BEDCHAMBER caimasan caimasan caimasan caimasan ( ) (pl.
caimasambi caimasambi caimasambi caimasambi); BEDRIDDEN caila caila caila caila (lying in bed,
?sickness), caimassa caimassa caimassa caimassa (sick); LYING IN BED
(noun) caila caila caila caila (bedridden, ?sickness) -
KAY/VT45:19, STAB
BEE nier nier nier nier (honey-bee), nion nion nion nion -GL:60
BEECH feren feren feren feren, fern fern fern fern (pl. ferni ferni ferni ferni in both cases)
(LT2:343 gives neldor neldor neldor neldor "beech", but this early
word may be obsolete in LotR-style Quenya.) -
PHER
BEECHEN ferinya ferinya ferinya ferinya -PHREN
BEFORE ep ep ep ep -VT44:38, erroneously glossed
"after" in VT42:32
BEGET nosta nosta nosta nosta- (glossed "give birth" in earlier
sources), onta onta onta onta- -- - (pa.t. n n n n or ontan ontan ontan ontan) (create);
BEGETTER #nostar nostar nostar nostar (see note), also ontar ontar ontar ontar with
gender-specific forms ontaro ontaro ontaro ontaro (m.), ontar ontar ontar ontar or
ontari ontari ontari ontari (f.) (parent). (In LotR, the form nostari nostari nostari nostari
"begetters, parents" occurs; sg #nostar nostar nostar nostar. Nostari Nostari Nostari Nostari
was changed from ontari ontari ontari ontari in Tolkien's first draft
[see SD:73], so he may have scrapped ontaro ontaro ontaro ontaro,
ontar ontar ontar ontar in favour of #nostar nostar nostar nostar [or m. *nostaro nostaro nostaro nostaro, f.
*nostar *nostar *nostar *nostar???] Did he also reject the verb onta onta onta onta- -- - in
favour of nosta nosta nosta nosta-?) -SD:73, VT44:7, ONO,
LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308
BEGINNING *yess yess yess yess (Emended from the actual
reading esse esse esse esse, derived from a stem that was
marked with a query by Tolkien because esse esse esse esse
also = name. Evidence from LotR indicates that
he decided to change the stem in question from
ESE ESE ESE ESE to *YESE *YESE *YESE *YESE, thus eliminating this homophony:
In LotR:1142 we find yestar yestar yestar yestar, apparently
meaning *"first-day" - it is not translated, but it
was the name of the first day of the year and r r r r
means "day". In Etym [stem ESE ESE ESE ESE] the word for
"first" was esta esta esta esta. So for esta esta esta esta "first", esse esse esse esse
"beginning" and essea essea essea essea "?primary" [gloss
illegible], we should evidently read *yesta yesta yesta yesta,
*yess yess yess yess and yessa yessa yessa yessa.) -ESE/ESET
BEGOTTEN - see FIRST-BEGOTTEN.
BEHALF - on behalf of: r r r r, followed by dative,
as in the example r men r men r men r men "on behalf of us, for
us". Dative pronouns may be directly suffixed to
r r r r: "for us" or "on behalf of us" is also attested in
the one-word form rmen rmen rmen rmen. (Note: r r r r is also a
noun "lion".) -VT43:27, 28, 33
BEHIND ca ca ca ca, cata cata cata cata, ca ca ca cana na na na (also glossed "at back
of place") -VT43:20
BEHOLD cen cen cen cen- -- - (see) (future tense cenuva cenuva cenuva cenuva is
attested) -MC:222
BEING ala ala ala ala (spirit).Pl. alar alar alar alar is attested. Elar Elar Elar Elar
are spirits whose natural state it is to exist
without a physical body, e.g. Balrogs. -MR:165
BEING ALIVE (noun) cuil cuil cuil cuil -KUY
BELEGOST Trosto Trosto Trosto Trosto (Mickleburg) -WJ:389
BELERIAND Hecelmar Hecelmar Hecelmar Hecelmar, Heceldamar Heceldamar Heceldamar Heceldamar (lit.
*"home of the Eglath", q.v.) This is said to be the
name for Beleriand used "in the language of the
loremasters of Aman". The cognate of Sindarin
"Beleriand" is #Valariand Valariand Valariand Valariand; only the form
Valarianden Valarianden Valarianden Valarianden is attested (a genitive formation
from an earlier "Qenya" variant; in LotR-style
Quenya it would be a dative). The latter may be
the name used in Exilic Quenya. Beleriand was
also called Ingolond Ingolond Ingolond Ingolond "Land of the Gnomes
[Noldor]". -WJ:365, LR:202, GOLOD
BELL nyell nyell nyell nyell -NYEL
BELLIED #cumba cumba cumba cumba (isolated from sauricumba sauricumba sauricumba sauricumba
"foulbellied"). This adjective may point to *cumbo *cumbo *cumbo *cumbo
or something similar as the likely word for "belly".
-SD:68, 72
BELOVED melda melda melda melda (dear, sweet). Cf.
nessamelda nessamelda nessamelda nessamelda, *"beloved of Nessa", a flagrant
evergreen tree brought to Nmenor by the Eldar.
-MEL, UT:456
BELZAGAR Calmacil Calmacil Calmacil Calmacil -UT:222
BEND #cna cna cna cna- -- - (derived from the adj. cna cna cna cna
"bent"; see MC:223. In menel acna menel acna menel acna menel acna "the
heavens bending" the word is used
intransitively.) -MC:222/223 cf. 215
BENEATH undu undu undu undu (down, under) -UNU

BENT cna cna cna cna (curved; cna cna cna cna is also used as a
verbal stem, see BEND), raica raica raica raica (crooked, wrong),
cauca cauca cauca cauca (crooked, humped), sara sara sara sara ( ) (stiff dry
grass) -MC:223, RAYAK, LT1:257, STAR
BERRY p pp piucca iucca iucca iucca -GL:64 (glossed "blackberry" in
LT2:347)
BESIDE ara ara ara ara, also ar ar ar ar- -- - as prefix. -AR
BETWEEN imb imb imb imb, mitta mitta mitta mitta- (does the final hyphen
suggest that the latter form is used as prefix,
somewhat like *"inter-"?) -Nam/RGEO:67,
VT43:30
BEYOND pella pella pella pella (a postposition in Quenya:
Andn pella Andn pella Andn pella Andn pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella elenillor pella elenillor pella elenillor pella
"from beyond the stars"), ava ava ava ava (outside) -Nam,
MC:222, VT45:6
BIER tulma tulma tulma tulma -LT1:270
BIND (see TIE); in more abstract sense:
avalerya avalerya avalerya avalerya- (make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty)
-VT41:5, 6
BIG DIPPER see SICKLE OF THE VALAR.
BIPED #attalya attalya attalya attalya (Only pl Attalyar Attalyar Attalyar Attalyar is attested.
The word was used of the Petty-dwarves, q.v.) -
WJ:389
BIRD aiw aiw aiw aiw, filit filit filit filit (pl filici filici filici filici) (Note: both aiw aiw aiw aiw and
filit filit filit filit are stated to mean "small bird", not "bird" in
general), ambal ambal ambal ambal, ammal ammal ammal ammal (= yellow bird), lindo lindo lindo lindo
(= "singer", singing bird). LT1:273 also has wilin wilin wilin wilin;
this may or may not be a valid word in LotR-style
Quenya. -AIW, PHILIK, SMAL, LIN
BIRTH, BIRTHDAY nosta nosta nosta nosta; GIVE BIRTH nosta nosta nosta nosta- -- -
(but in later sources, nosta nosta nosta nosta- -- - is glossed "beget",
q.v.) -LT1:272
BITE (vb) nac nac nac nac- -- -; BITE (noun) nahta nahta nahta nahta -NAK
BITTER sra sra sra sra -SAG
BLACK mor mor mor mor (stem mori mori mori mori-, as in compounds like
Moriquendi Moriquendi Moriquendi Moriquendi), morna morna morna morna, morqua morqua morqua morqua; BLACKNESS
mr mr mr mr (darkness, night); BLACKHANDED
morimait morimait morimait morimait, BLACKBERRY piucca piucca piucca piucca (only glossed
"berry" in GL:64); BLACK FOE Moringotto Moringotto Moringotto Moringotto (the
oldest [MET] form was Morigotho Morigotho Morigotho Morigotho) (Morgoth) -
MOR, LT1:260, LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, LT2:347,
MR:194
BLADE hyanda hyanda hyanda hyanda (share), (sword blade:) russ russ russ russ
(corruscation) -LT2:342, RUS
BLAZE urya urya urya urya- -- - (The stem this word is derived
from was struck out in Etym. However, several
words that must be derived from the same stem
occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.)
BLAZING HOT rin rin rin rin (rin rin rin rin also being a name of
the Sun) -UR, LT1:271
BLEND (noun) ostim ostim ostim ostim (pl. ostimi ostimi ostimi ostimi is attested).
This term refers to a kind of "strengthened"
elements within a stem, where a single sound
has been expanded into two different elements
while maintaining a unitary effect and
significance; souch as s- being turned ito st-, or
m being strengthened to mb. However, this may
be the meaning of the word in linguistic
terminology only; it may be permissible to use it
for "blend" in more general senses as well. -
VT39:9
BLESS laita laita laita laita- -- - (praise) (Imperative a laita a laita a laita a laita and
future #laituva laituva laituva laituva are attested, the latter with
pronominal endings: laituvalmet laituvalmet laituvalmet laituvalmet, "we shall praise
[or bless] them".) The participle aistana aistana aistana aistana
"blessed" (see below) argues the existence of a
verbal stem #aista aista aista aista- "to bless", but this verb
seems etymologically connected to air air air air "holy"
and should probably only be used with reference
to more or less "divine" persons (aistana aistana aistana aistana refers
to the Virgin Mary in the source), who are
"blessed" in the sense of having their holiness
recognized and respected.
BLESSED alya alya alya alya, almra almra almra almra (prosperous, rich,
abundant), herenya herenya herenya herenya (wealthy, fortunate, rich),
manaquenta manaquenta manaquenta manaquenta or manquenta manquenta manquenta manquenta, also aman aman aman aman
("blessed, free from evil" - Aman Aman Aman Aman was "chiefly
used as the name of the land where the Valar
dwelt." [WJ:399]), cf. also BLESSED BEING
Manw Manw Manw Manw (name of the King of the Valar). Alya Alya Alya Alya,
almra almra almra almra, and herenya herenya herenya herenya are adjectives that may
also have worldly connontations, apparently
often used with reference to one who is
"blessed" with material possessions or simply
has good luck; on the other hand, the forms
derived from the root man man man man- primarily describe
something free from evil: Cf. mna mna mna mna "blessed" in
Friel's Song (referring to the Valar) and the
alternative form manna manna manna manna in VT43:19 [cf. VT45:32]
(in VT45 referring to the Virgin Mary; the form
mna mna mna mna may be preferred for clarity, since manna manna manna manna
is apparently also the question-word "whither?",
"where to?") The forms manaquenta manaquenta manaquenta manaquenta or
manquenta manquenta manquenta manquenta also include the man man man man- root, but it is
combined with a derivative (passive participle?)
of the verbal stem quet quet quet quet- "say, speak", these
forms seemingly referring to someone who is
"blessed" in the sense that people speak well of
this person (a third form from the same source,
manque manque manque manque, is possibly incomplete: read
manquenta manquenta manquenta manquenta?) (VT44:10-11) The most purely
"spiritual" term is possibly the word aistana aistana aistana aistana, used
for "blessed" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail
Mary, where this word refers to the Virgin
(VT43:27-28, 30). Aistana Aistana Aistana Aistana is apparently not an
independent adjective (like alya alya alya alya, mna mna mna mna etc.), but
rather the passive participle of a verb #aista aista aista aista-
"bless"; see above concerning its precise
application. BLESSEDNESS vald vald vald vald- -- - (so in
LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val val val val or *vald vald vald vald)
(happiness; but since this word comes from early
material where it was intended to be related to

Valar "Happy/Blessed Ones", its conceptual
validity may be doubted because Tolkien later
reinterpreted Valar as "the Powers" and dropped
the earlier etymology). "BLESSINGS",
BLESSEDNESS, BLISS almi almi almi almi, almar almar almar almar; FINAL
BLISS manar, mand manar, mand manar, mand manar, mand (doom, final end, fate,
fortune) -LotR:989 cf Letters:308; GAL, KHER,
Letters:283, LT1:272, MAN/MANAD, VT43:19,
27-28, 30
BLIGHT yaru yaru yaru yaru (gloom) -GL:37
BLINK tihta tihta tihta tihta- -- - (peer) -MC:223
BLOCK #tap tap tap tap- (stop). (Cited in the form tap tap tap tap, 3
pers sg aorist; misreading "tpe" with a long
vowel in the Etymologies as printed in LR: see
VT46:17). The pa.t. tamp tamp tamp tamp is given. -
TAP/VT46:17
BLOOD serc serc serc serc (so according to Silm appendix;
Etym has yr yr yr yr [yar yar yar yar- -- -]) -Silm:437, YAR
BLOSSOM (white) loss loss loss loss, ("of flowers in
bunches or clusters":) *loht *loht *loht *loht (emended from the
actual reading lokt lokt lokt lokt because Tolkien later
decided that kt kt kt kt became ht ht ht ht in Quenya.) -LOT,
LT1:258
BLOT motto motto motto motto -MBOTH
BLUE #luin #luin #luin #luin (pl. luini luini luini luini in Nam; for "blue" Etym
and LT1:262 have ln ln ln ln; both #luin luin luin luin and ln ln ln ln
would be expected to have stem-forms in -i ii i-),
ninwa ninwa ninwa ninwa, ulban ulban ulban ulban (adopted from Valarin; only used in
Vanyarin Quenya), PALE BLUE helwa helwa helwa helwa -
Nam/LT2:340, LT1:262, LUG, WJ:399, 3EL
BOAT lunt lunt lunt lunt; SMALL BOAT ven ven ven ven (vessel, dish)
-LUT, LT1:254
BODY hroa hroa hroa hroa (pl. hroar hroar hroar hroar is attested. In MR:330,
Tolkien notes that hroa hroa hroa hroa is "roughly but not
exactly equivalent to 'body'" [as opposed to
"soul"]. Hroa Hroa Hroa Hroa is also used = "physical matter"),
DEAD BODY loico loico loico loico (corpse); BODILY sarcuva sarcuva sarcuva sarcuva
(corporeal this is "Qenya"); BODY-IMPULSE
hroafelm hroafelm hroafelm hroafelm (impulses provided by the body, e.g.
physical fear, hunger, thirst, sexual desire) -
MR:216, 219; VT39:30, MC:223, LT2:347,
VT41:19 cf. 13
BOLD verya verya verya verya, canya canya canya canya; BOLDNESS veri veri veri veri -BER,
KAN
BOLSTER nirwa nirwa nirwa nirwa (cushion) -NID
BOND nt nt nt nt (knot), vr vr vr vr (troth, compact, oath)
Pl. probably *vrer vrer vrer vrer, *nter nter nter nter not *vri *vri *vri *vri, *nti nti nti nti; cf. the
similar formation tyv tyv tyv tyv "taste", pl tyver tyver tyver tyver. -NUT,
WED
BONE axo axo axo axo (pl axor axor axor axor is attested) -MC:222, 223
BOOK parma parma parma parma (writings); BOOK LANGUAGE
(=Quenya) parmalamb parmalamb parmalamb parmalamb -PAR/UT:219, 460,
LT2:346
BORDER rna rna rna rna (edge, margin); rma rma rma rma (edge,
hem) -REG, R
BORN #nna nna nna nna (isolated from Apannar Apannar Apannar Apannar, the
"Afterborn") -Silm:122/381
BORNE colla colla colla colla (pa.p. of col col col col- -- - "bear") (worn). Also
used as a noun = "vestment, cloak". -MR:385
BOSOM palr palr palr palr (surface, bosom of earth),
sma sma sma sma (hollow cavity) -PAL, MC:223
BOSS OF SHIELD tolmen tolmen tolmen tolmen (isolated round hill) -
LT1:269
BOTH yyo yyo yyo yyo (also prefix y y y y- "twi-") -Y,
VT46:23
BOUND nauta nauta nauta nauta (obliged) -NUT
BOW (vb) #caw caw caw caw- (cited in source as cawin cawin cawin cawin "I
bow", 1st pers. aorist; in Tolkien's later
conception it would be difficult to account for w ww w in
this position, and we should perhaps read *cav cav cav cav-
with pa.t. *canw canw canw canw); BOW (noun) quing quing quing quinga aa a, c c c c (also
= crescent Moon), lva lva lva lva, cn cn cn cn (crescent);
RAINBOW helyanw helyanw helyanw helyanw ("sky-bridge"), Ilweran Ilweran Ilweran Ilweran,
Ilweranta Ilweranta Ilweranta Ilweranta (LT2:348 has iluquinga iluquinga iluquinga iluquinga "sky-bow", but
this word was obsoleted when Tolkien changed
the meaning of ilu ilu ilu ilu from "sky" to "universe".)
BOWLEGGED quingatelco quingatelco quingatelco quingatelco (So it is translated,
but this must really be a noun: "bow-leg" [quinga quinga quinga quinga
+ telco + telco + telco + telco]. No Quenya adjectives end in -o oo o, unless
this is the only one. Read *quingatelca quingatelca quingatelca quingatelca for "bow-
legged"? Cf. one of the other words from the
same source, sincahonda sincahonda sincahonda sincahonda, changed from
sin sin sin sincahondo cahondo cahondo cahondo in an earlier draft - but at that time
Tolkien had already omitted quingatelco quingatelco quingatelco quingatelco and
hence did not change its ending: See SD:72.) -
LT1:257, SD 68, 72, KWIG, KU3, LT1:256,
LotR:1154, LT1:271
BOWL #salp salp salp salp (isolated from tanyasalp tanyasalp tanyasalp tanyasalp "Bowl
of Fire"), fio fio fio fion n n n (goblet) -LT1:292, 253
BOY: the word seldo seldo seldo seldo, though not clearly
glossed by Tolkien, appears to be the masculine
form of a word for "child". -SEL-D-, VT46:13
BRANCH olwa olwa olwa olwa -GLOB
BRAND yulma yulma yulma yulma (Note: a homophone means
"cup".) -YUL cf. Nam
BREAD massa massa massa massa ( masta masta masta masta; LIFE-BREAD (=
lembas) coimas coimas coimas coimas (either *coimass coimass coimass coimass- or coimast coimast coimast coimast-, cf.
massa massa massa massa, masta masta masta masta "bread"), BREAD-GIVER (fem.)
massni massni massni massni (title of the "Lady" or the highest
among the elven-women of any people, she
having the right to keep or give away lembas
bread). -VT43:18, MBAS, Silm:406/429, PM:404
BREAK (vb) rac rac rac rac- -- - (past participle rcina rcina rcina rcina
"broken" is attested); BREAK APART terhat terhat terhat terhat- -- -
(pa.t. terhant terhant terhant terhant); BREAK ASUNDER hat hat hat hat- -- - (pa.t.
hant hant hant hant) -MC:223, SKAT
BREATH (noun) hwesta hwesta hwesta hwesta (breeze, puff of air),
sl sl sl sl ( ) (spirit) (earlier [MET] form thl thl thl thl = l l l l ;
BREATHE (vb) sya sya sya sya- -- - ( ); BREATHER Slimo Slimo Slimo Slimo
( ) (a title of Manw; this is the literal meaning

according to Silm:420); BREATH FORTH see
EXPIRE. -SWES, TH/LotR:1157
BREEZE hwesta hwesta hwesta hwesta (breath, puff of air), GENTLE
BREEZE vl vl vl vl; BREEZY vi vi vi vilin lin lin lin (airy) -SWES,
LotR:1157, LT1:273
BRIDE indis indis indis indis (wife) (This word may obsolete
akairis akairis akairis akairis in LT1:252.) The stem-form of indis indis indis indis
"bride" is somewhat obscure; according to
VT45:37 the stem could be indiss indiss indiss indiss- (pl. indissi indissi indissi indissi
given), but the alternative form pl. form inderi inderi inderi inderi
shows a curious shift from i ii i to e ee e as well as the
more regular change from s ss s (via z zz z) to r rr r between
vowels. -NDIS/UT:8, VT45:37
BRIDEGROOM ender ender ender ender -NDER (cf. VT45:11 for
etymology)
BRIDGE yanw yanw yanw yanw (joining, isthmus), yanta yanta yanta yanta (yoke)
-YAT, LotR:1157
BRILLIANCE alcar alcar alcar alcar, alcar alcar alcar alcar (splendour,
radiance), calass calass calass calass (clarity), ?rill rill rill rill (reading of
manuscript uncertain, see VT46:11), BRILLIANT
alcarinqua alcarinqua alcarinqua alcarinqua (glorious) -AKLA-R-
/RGEO:73/UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427, GL:39
BROAD - LT2:338 gives a word aica aica aica aica "broad,
vast", but this is probably obsoleted by aica aica aica aica
"sharp, fell, terrible, dire" in later writings.
BROAD SWORD lango lango lango lango (also = prow of ship),
BROAD-BLADED SWORD ecet ecet ecet ecet (short stabbing
sword) -LAG, UT:284/432
BROKEN rcina rcina rcina rcina -MC:223
BROOCH tancil tancil tancil tancil (pin) -TAK
BROOD luvu luvu luvu luvu- -- - (lower) -LT1:259
BROOK nell nell nell nell (GL:46 has went went went went) -NEN
BROTHER toron toron toron toron (pl. torni torni torni torni) (= natural brother);
otorno otorno otorno otorno sworn brother, associate
BROTHERHOOD onro onro onro onro (of bloodkinship),
otornass otornass otornass otornass (the latter is evidently the
"brotherhood" of otornor, otornor, otornor, otornor, sworn brothers) -TOR,
N
BROWN varn varn varn varn (stem varni varni varni varni-) (swart, dark
brown) -BARN
BUD tuima tuima tuima tuima (sprout); BUDDING see SPRING-
TIME. -TUY, LT1:269
BUFFET taran taran taran taran, tarambo tarambo tarambo tarambo -LT2:337
BUILD #car car car car- (cited as carin carin carin carin "I make, build", 1st
pers. aorist - according to FS and SD:246 the
past tense is cr cr cr cr, but Etym has carn carn carn carn; writers
should probably use the latter form, not to be
confused with the adjective carn carn carn carn "red". The
passive participle #carna * carna * carna * carna *"built, made" is
attested in Vincarna Vincarna Vincarna Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.)
BUILDING car car car car (card card card card- -- -) (house), am am am ampano pano pano pano (=
especially building of wood, wooden hall;
umpano umpano umpano umpano in VT45:36 sems to be a variant form),
ataqu ataqu ataqu ataqu (construction). BUILDER samno samno samno samno ( )
(carpenter, wright) -KAR, PAN, VT45:36, TAK,
STAB
BULL tarucco tarucco tarucco tarucco, tarunco tarunco tarunco tarunco (see OX) -LT2:347
BUNCHES (of flowers) see BLOSSOM.
BURDEN clo clo clo clo (VT39:10)
BURDENSOME lumna lumna lumna lumna (lying heavy,
oppressive, ominous) -DUB
BURLY polda polda polda polda (strong) -POL
BURN usta usta usta usta- -- - (transitive, e.g. *Fanro ustan i Fanro ustan i Fanro ustan i Fanro ustan i
ciryar ciryar ciryar ciryar "Fanor burnt the ships"), urya urya urya urya- -- -
(intransitive, e.g. *i ciryar uryaner *i ciryar uryaner *i ciryar uryaner *i ciryar uryaner "the ships were
burning"). -LT1:271
BUSH tussa tussa tussa tussa -TUS
BUT: A sting of different words for "but" are
attested. In the Etymologies, the word for "but" is
n n n n or nn nn nn nn. In Friel's Song, the short variant nan nan nan nan
appears. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya version
of the Lord's Prayer, he was experimenting with
many words for "but": anat anat anat anat, on on on on, ono ono ono ono (VT43:23;
ono ono ono ono occurs also in another text in VT44:5/9, and
shorter n n n n is attested in VT41:13), but in the final
version of the Lord's Prayer, he used mal mal mal mal. We
cannot know how many of these alternatives
Tolkien would have considered conceptually
valid and which were just experimental. For the
purpose of writing in Quenya, the variant n n n n is
probably best avoided since it can be confused
with the copula "is"; likewise, nn nn nn nn (and nan nan nan nan?)
may also mean *"I am" (n n n n, na na na na- + the pronominal
ending -n nn n "I"). The Lord's Prayer variants are
less ambiguous, and mal mal mal mal (the word used in the
final version) is perhaps the best alternative so
far published. BUT meaning "only" (as in "I am
but a boy") may be rendered by er er er er (only, one,
alone, still). BUT YET a aa a- -- -nanta nanta nanta nanta, ananta ananta ananta ananta (and yet) -
NDAN, LT1:269, FS, VT41:13, VT43:23
BUTTERFLY wilwarin wilwarin wilwarin wilwarin (wilwarind wilwarind wilwarind wilwarind- -- -) -
WIL/MC:222, 223/LT1:273
BUTTOCKS hacca hacca hacca hacca (hams) -GL:47
-BY- -- -mas mas mas mas (final element in place-names, see -
TON) -LT1:250

C
CALACIRIAN Calaciryan Calaciryan Calaciryan Calaciryan (prob. *Calaciryand Calaciryand Calaciryand Calaciryand- -- -),
full form Calaciryand Calaciryand Calaciryand Calaciryand (i.e., "the region of
Eldamar...in and near the entrance to the ravine
[of Calacirya], where the Light was brighter and
the land more beautiful") -RGEO:70 cf. LotR:252
CALL (noun) yello yello yello yello (shouth, cry of triumph) -
GYEL, VT45:16
CANDLE lcuma lcuma lcuma lcuma (taper) -MC:223
CANOPY (vb) telta telta telta telta- -- - (overshadow, screen),
CANOPY (noun) telimbo telimbo telimbo telimbo (sky) -TEL, LT1:268
CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi Sarquindi Sarquindi Sarquindi (sg
#Sarquind Sarquind Sarquind Sarquind?) -LT2:347
CAPE mundo mundo mundo mundo (nose, snout) (Note: mundo mundo mundo mundo also
means "ox".) -MBUD
CAPTAIN hesto hesto hesto hesto -VT45:22
CARANTHIR Morifinw Morifinw Morifinw Morifinw, short form Moryo Moryo Moryo Moryo (not
equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which
is the cognate of his "mother-name" [q.v.]
Carnistir Carnistir Carnistir Carnistir.) -PM:353
CARCANET firinga firinga firinga firinga (necklace) -LT2:346/GL:36
CAROUSAL yulm yulm yulm yulm (drinking) (Note: a
homophone means "smouldering heat") -WJ:416
CARPENTER samno samno samno samno ( ) (wright, builder) -
STAB
?CARPET farma farma farma farma (reading of gloss uncertain;
another, even more difficult gloss begins in "st-"
and may possibly read "string" or "stray") -
VT46:15
CARRY - GL:38 has yulu yulu yulu yulu-, but in WJ:416 the
same stem (there spelt JULU JULU JULU JULU) is said to mean
"drink", indicating that yulu yulu yulu yulu- "carry" had probably
been abandoned in Tolkien's later Quenya. Use
rather #col col col col-; see BEAR.
CART noroll noroll noroll noroll -GL:31
?CASSIOPEIA Wilwarin Wilwarin Wilwarin Wilwarin (the identification of this
constellation is not certain. Wilwarin Wilwarin Wilwarin Wilwarin means
"butterfly".) -Silm:426
CASTLE OF CUSTODY - this is mentioned as
the approximate meaning of Mandos Mandos Mandos Mandos (stem
Mandost Mandost Mandost Mandost-) -MR:350
CAT moi moi moi moi -LT2:348
CATCH (noun) atsa atsa atsa atsa (hook, claw) -GAT
CAUSE (vb) tyar tyar tyar tyar- -- - -KYAR
CAVE felya felya felya felya, rondo rondo rondo rondo, rotel rotel rotel rotel, rotto rotto rotto rotto (small grot,
tunnel), ARTIFICIAL CAVE hrta hrta hrta hrta (dwelling
underground, rockhewn hall) -PHLEG, ROD,
LT2:347, PM:365, VT46:12
CAVITY (hollow) sma sma sma sma (bosom) -MC:223
CEASE hauta hauta hauta hauta- -- - (take a rest, stop), pusta pusta pusta pusta- -- - (stop,
put a stop to), tyel tyel tyel tyel- -- - (end) -KHAW, PUS, KYEL
CELEBORN Telporno Telporno Telporno Telporno (Letters:425) or
Teleporno Teleporno Teleporno Teleporno (UT:266). (The latter is stated to be
the Telerin form, while Telporno Telporno Telporno Telporno must be the
form used in Noldorin Quenya. Cf. Altriel Altriel Altriel Altriel vs.
Alatriel Alatriel Alatriel Alatriel; see GALADRIEL.)
CELEBRIMBOR (= "Silver-fist") Telperinquar Telperinquar Telperinquar Telperinquar
(possibly *Telperinqur *Telperinqur *Telperinqur *Telperinqur- -- -. Cf. qur qur qur qur "fist"). -
Silm:429
CELEBRINDAL ("Silver-foot", Idril's epithet)
Taltyelemna Taltyelemna Taltyelemna Taltyelemna ("Taltelemna" in the printed
Etymologies is a misreading, see VT45:25)
Tolkien apparently abandoned the form
Taltelepsa Taltelepsa Taltelepsa Taltelepsa. -KYELEP
CELEGORM Turcafinw Turcafinw Turcafinw Turcafinw, short form Turco Turco Turco Turco (not
is a cognate of his mother-name [q.v.] Tyelcormo Tyelcormo Tyelcormo Tyelcormo
"hasty-riser"; the latter name was "never used in
narrative".) -PM:352, 353
CELOS Celuss Celuss Celuss Celuss (see UT:426)
CENTRE end end end end (core, middle). (The form end end end end
is probably to be preferred to ent ent ent ent in one late
source.) Early material also has tl tl tl tl. -ND,
NED, VT41:16, LT1:269
CENTURY harany harany harany harany (or perhaps it means the
last day of a century - Tolkien's wording is not
clear. The latter interpretation may be more
likely.) -LotR:1142
CHAIN Angainor Angainor Angainor Angainor (= "The Great Chain" with
which Morgoth was twice bound; LT1:249 has
the form Angaino Angaino Angaino Angaino) -Silm:59
CHAIR hamma hamma hamma hamma -VT45:20
CHAMBER samb samb samb samb ( ) (-san san san san, -samb samb samb samb- in
compounds; cf. BEDCHAMBER) (room) -STAB
CHAMPION arto arto arto arto (eminent man) -Silm:428
CHANGE (vb) #ahya ahya ahya ahya- (only pa.t. ahyan ahyan ahyan ahyan is
attested) -PM:395
CHANNEL celma celma celma celma -KEL
CHANT #lir lir lir lir- (cited in source as lirin lirin lirin lirin "I chant",
1st pers. aorist) (sing) -LIR
1

CHARACTER (settled character) indm indm indm indm ("also
used of the 'will' of Eru [God]", VT43:16). For
"character" = letter, see LETTER.
CHEESE tyur tyur tyur tyur (tyurd tyurd tyurd tyurd-) (QL:50; tyuru tyuru tyuru tyuru- in GL:28 is
actually a verb "to 'turn' milk"; cf. QL:50.)
CHERRY pio pio pio pio (this word was also applied to
plums). CHERRY TREE aipio aipio aipio aipio (also used = "plum
tree"???) -LT2:347, GL:18

CHIEF (adj) hra hra hra hra (principal); CHIEF (noun)
#turco turco turco turco (isolated from Turcomund Turcomund Turcomund Turcomund "chief of bulls,
*chief bull"; this may not be pure Quenya, but
Turco Turco Turco Turco appears as a the short name of
Turcafinw Turcafinw Turcafinw Turcafinw, Celegorm's Quenya name - though
that is translated "strong, powerful (in body)"
rather than referring to more "political" power) -
KHER, Letters:423, PM:352
CHIEFTAIN (or CHIEF, VT45:17) haran haran haran haran (stem
harn harn harn harn-, as in pl harni harni harni harni) (in Etym also = king, but in
LotR and other texts the Quenya word for "king"
is aran aran aran aran pl. arani arani arani arani - see KING), cno cno cno cno, cnu cnu cnu cnu (see
COMMANDER) (ruler, governor, commander) -
3AR, UT:400
CHILD hna hna hna hna, also vocative hina hina hina hina with a short
vowel, used when addressing a (young) child. Pl.
hni hni hni hni rather than ?hnar hnar hnar hnar; see CHILDREN OF
ILVATAR below. "Child" as the last element in
compounds: - -- -hin hin hin hin (-hn hn hn hn-, pl. -hni hni hni hni), e.g.
CHILDREN OF ERU Eruhni Eruhni Eruhni Eruhni from sg. #Eruhin Eruhin Eruhin Eruhin;
CHILDREN OF ILVATAR Hni Ilvataro Hni Ilvataro Hni Ilvataro Hni Ilvataro; MY
CHILD hinya hinya hinya hinya (short for hina hina hina hinanya nya nya nya). (For "child",
Etym also has seld seld seld seld; Tolkien changed the
meaning from "daughter". Possibly, seld seld seld seld is
meant to have the meaning "female child", hence
"girl". Selda Selda Selda Selda was apparently introduced as a
gender-neutral word for "child".) -WJ:403,
Silm:387/432, VT44:35, SEL-D-/VT46:13
CHILL ninqu ninqu ninqu ninqu (stem *ninqui ninqui ninqui ninqui-) (pallid, white); BE
CHILL (of weather) nicu nicu nicu nicu- -- - (be cold) -WJ:417 cf.
NIK-W-
CHILLY ringa ringa ringa ringa (damp, cold) -LT1:265
CHOKE quoro quoro quoro quoro- -- - (suffocate), CHOKED quorin quorin quorin quorin
(drowned). Some doubt whether these early
[TLT] words should be used in LotR-style
Quenya, in which language the combination qu qu qu qu +
o oo o may not be valid phonologically. -LT1:264
CHOOSING #cilm #cilm #cilm #cilm (isolated from Essecilm Essecilm Essecilm Essecilm
"name-choosing", q.v.) -MR:214
CHRIST Hristo Hristo Hristo Hristo (variant Hrsto Hrsto Hrsto Hrsto with a long
vowel, though long vowels in front of consonant
clusters do not normally occur in Quenya).
Another form, apparently an attempt at
translating this title rather than merely adapting
to Quenya phonology the word "Christ", was
Elpino Elpino Elpino Elpino of uncertain etymology. However, Tolkien
may have abandoned this form. -VT44:15-16, 18
CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT lmequenta lmequenta lmequenta lmequenta
(history). The unglossed term lumenyr lumenyr lumenyr lumenyr
appears to mean *"chronological story". -LU,
NAR
2

CIRCLE rind rind rind rind; CIRCULAR rinda rinda rinda rinda; CIRCULAR
ENCLOSURE ("especially on a hill-top") c cc corin orin orin orin -
RIN, KOR/LT1:257
CITY osto osto osto osto (town with wall round) -OS
CLAD vaina vaina vaina vaina -LT1:272
CLAMOUR yalm yalm yalm yalm -GYAL (see GAL)
CLAN noss noss noss noss (family, "house") -N
CLARITY calass calass calass calass (brilliance) -GL:39
CLASP tangwa tangwa tangwa tangwa (hasp) -TAK
CLAW atsa atsa atsa atsa (hook, catch), #racca racca racca racca (isolated from
raccalepta raccalepta raccalepta raccalepta, see below); CLAW-FINGERED
raccalepta raccalepta raccalepta raccalepta -GAT, SD:68, 72
CLEAN poica poica poica poica -POY
CLEARED (of land) latin latin latin latin, latina latina latina latina (free, open) -
LAT
CLEAVE #hyar hyar hyar hyar- (cited in source as hyarin hyarin hyarin hyarin "I
cleave", 1st pers. aorist), CLEAVER #hyando #hyando #hyando #hyando in
Sangahyando Sangahyando Sangahyando Sangahyando ( ) "Throng-cleaver, Cleaver of
throngs" -SYAD, LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf.
Letters:425
CLEAVE TO himya himya himya himya- -- - (abide by, stick to, adhere)
-KHIM, VT45:22
CLEFT yw yw yw yw (ravine, gulf/gully); sanca sanca sanca sanca ( )
(split), hyats hyats hyats hyats (gash), ciris ciris ciris ciris (probably ciriss ciriss ciriss ciriss-)
(crack), falqua falqua falqua falqua (mountain pass, ravine), cilya cilya cilya cilya
(gorge, pass between hills) (so in Etym, but cirya cirya cirya cirya
in the name Calacirya Calacirya Calacirya Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen.
Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo in Namri] - though this clashes with
cirya cirya cirya cirya "ship". An early version of Namri actually
had Calacilyo Calacilyo Calacilyo Calacilyo, not Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo; see An Introduction
to Elvish p. 5.) -YAG/VT46:22, STAK, SYAD,
RGEO:70/WJ:403, LT2:337, 341, KIL
CLIFF ollo ollo ollo ollo (seaward precipice) (The alternative
form old old old old may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252
CLOAK colla colla colla colla (vestment, actually a past
participle "borne, worn" used as a noun). GREY-
CLOAK Sindacollo Sindacollo Sindacollo Sindacollo, Singollo Singollo Singollo Singollo (so in Silm:421;
MR:217 has Sindicollo Sindicollo Sindicollo Sindicollo. Note that colla colla colla colla has
become #collo collo collo collo because - -- -o o o o is a masculine
ending.) (Thingol). Verb "to cloak": fanta fanta fanta fanta- (to veil,
mantle) -MR:385, VT43:22
CLOSED pahta pahta pahta pahta (NOT CLOSED - see OPEN) -
VT39:23
CLOTH lann lann lann lann (tissue) -LAN
CLOUD fanya fanya fanya fanya (white cloud; pl. fanyar fanyar fanyar fanyar is
attested), lumbo lumbo lumbo lumbo (pl lumbor lumbor lumbor lumbor is attested. In
LT1:259, it is stated that this word applies to a
"dark lowering cloud"), ungo ungo ungo ungo (dark shadow). (In
ancient times the Elves probably also used the
word fana fana fana fana [in Etym fna fna fna fna] for "cloud" or "veil", but
in Quenya it came to denote the visible bodies in
which the Valar manifested themselves to
incarnates. When fana fana fana fana no longer meant "cloud",
this meaning was evidently transferred to the
derivative fanya fanya fanya fanya, originally probably meaning
"white" or as noun "white thing".) UPPER AIRS
AND CLOUDS fanyar fanyar fanyar fanyar (skies) -SPAN/VT46:15,
MC:222, UG, Nam, RGEO:67, SYAD,
RGEO:74, MC:223
CLUSTERS (of flowers) see BLOSSOM.
COAT vacco vacco vacco vacco (jacket) -GL:21

COBWEB ln ln ln ln -SLIG
CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta (system of signs,
grammar); GESTURE-CODE hwerm hwerm hwerm hwerm -WJ:394
cf. TEK, WJ:395
COLD (adj) ringa ringa ringa ringa (so in MC:222 and LT1:265;
Etym has ring ring ring ring, stem *ringi ringi ringi ringi-), (damp, chilly),
yelwa yelwa yelwa yelwa; COLD (noun?) niqu niqu niqu niqu, also vb niqu niqu niqu niqu- -- - "it is
cold, it freezes"; COLD POOL OR LAKE (in
mountains) ringw ringw ringw ringw (in the Etymologies as printed
in LR, this word is cited as "ringe", but according
to VT46:11, ringw ringw ringw ringw is the proper reading), BE
COLD, CHILL (of weather) nicu nicu nicu nicu- -- - -MC:222,
RINGI/VT46:11, LT1:260, WJ:417
COLLAPSE (vb) talta talta talta talta- (slip, slide down),
COLLAPSE (noun) atalant atalant atalant atalant (downfall) -MC:223
COLLECT hosta hosta hosta hosta- -- - (gather, assemble);
COLLECTION OF LEAVES olassi olassi olassi olassi (foliage) -
KHOTH/MC:223, Letters:282
COME #tul tul tul tul- (cited in source as tulin tulin tulin tulin "I come",
1st pers. aorist); perfect #utli #utli #utli #utli and future
#tuluva tuluva tuluva tuluva are attested (the latter in entuluva entuluva entuluva entuluva "shall
come again". Tulin Tulin Tulin Tulin may obsolete tulu tulu tulu tulu- -- - in
LT1:270). COME AWAY htuli htuli htuli htuli- -- - ("so as to leave
a place or group and join another in the thought
or place of the speaker") -TUL, LotR:1003,
Silm:229, WJ:368
COMMAND *can can can can- (so when used of persons;
when used with things as object, this verb means
demand) -PM:361-362 (where the stem KAN is
mentioned; the Quenya verb is not directly cited
as such, but seems implied by Tolkien's
discussion of how this stem was used in
Quenya.)
COMMANDER cno cno cno cno ("usually as the title of a
lesser chief, especially one acting as the deputy
of one higher in rank", PM:345) (governor,
chieftain) -PM:345, VT45:19
COMMANDMENT axan axan axan axan (law, rule, as primarily
proceeding from Eru). Pl. axani axani axani axani is attested. -
WJ:399, VT39:30, 23
COMMERSE mancal mancal mancal mancal -MBAKH
COMMUNICATION centa centa centa centa (as in sanw sanw sanw sanw- -- -centa centa centa centa,
Communication of Thought. In other contexts,
centa centa centa centa must be translated "enquiry" or *"essay") -
MR:415, VT39:23
COMPACT vr vr vr vr (troth, oath, bond) Pl. probably
*vrer vrer vrer vrer not *vri *vri *vri *vri; cf. the similar formation tyv tyv tyv tyv
"taste", pl tyver tyver tyver tyver.) -WED
COMPEL mauya mauya mauya mauya- -- -; BE COMPELLED TO DO
SOMETHING horya horya horya horya- (have an impulse, set
vigorously out to do); COMPULSION mausta mausta mausta mausta -
MBAW, VT45:22
COMPLAINT nur nur nur nur (growl) -LT1:263
COMPLETELY aqua aqua aqua aqua (fully, altogether, wholly) -
WJ:392
CONCEAL halya halya halya halya- -- - (veil, screen from light) -
SKAL
CONCEALED furin furin furin furin or hurin hurin hurin hurin (hidden) -LT2:340
CONCEPTION (= idea, cf. VT46:6) noa noa noa noa (pl.
nwi nwi nwi nwi), n n n n (nw nw nw nw- -- -) -NOWO
CONCERN #ap ap ap ap- (given as aorist stem ap ap ap ap) (to
affect, to touch one). CONCERNING pa pa pa pa, p p p p (as
regards, touching) -VT44:26
CONCH hyalma hyalma hyalma hyalma (shell, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL
CONCLUDE telya telya telya telya- -- - (transitive) (wind up, finish);
CONCLUSION telma telma telma telma (further defined as
"anything used to finish off a work or an affair") -
WJ:411
CONFUSED rcina rcina rcina rcina (shattered, disordered) -
MC:223
CONSONANT #pataca pataca pataca pataca (only pl. patacar patacar patacar patacar is
attested), #lambetengw lambetengw lambetengw lambetengw (literally "tongue-sign";
only pl. lambetengwi lambetengwi lambetengwi lambetengwi is attested; this refers to
consonants as tengwi or phonemes), also nva nva nva nva- -- -
tengw tengw tengw tengw ("ava-") (literally "mouth-sign"; only pl.
nva nva nva nva- -- -tengwi tengwi tengwi tengwi is attested; the shorter form #nva nva nva nva
pl. nvar nvar nvar nvar was also used, but Fanor replaced
these terms with #pataca pataca pataca pataca). Yet another term for
"consonant" was #tapta tengw tapta tengw tapta tengw tapta tengw "impeded
element". (Only pl. ta ta ta tapta tengwi pta tengwi pta tengwi pta tengwi is attested; we
would rather expect *tapt tengwi tapt tengwi tapt tengwi tapt tengwi with the pl.
form of the adjective. The nominal pl. of the
adjective, taptar taptar taptar taptar, was used in the same sense as
tapta tengwi tapta tengwi tapta tengwi tapta tengwi.) Tolkien also notes: "Since...in the
mode of spelling commonly used the full signs
were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical use
tengwar [sg tengwa tengwa tengwa tengwa, see LETTER] became
equivalent to 'consonants'." Cf. also surya surya surya surya
"spirant consonant" and punta punta punta punta "stopped
consonant", i.e. a consonant sign with an
underposed dot to indiate that it is not followed
by a vowel. -VT39:8, VT39:16, 17, WJ:396, SUS,
PUT (see PUS), VT46:10, 33
CONSPICOUS minda minda minda minda (prominent) -MIN
CONSTRUCTION tanw tanw tanw tanw (craft, thing made,
construction, devise), ataqu ataqu ataqu ataqu (building) -TAN,
TAK
CONTEMPTIBLE faica faica faica faica (mean) -SPAY
CONTINUAL vrima vrima vrima vrima (changed from vorima vorima vorima vorima)
(enduring, repeated); CONTINUALLY voro voro voro voro (also
voro voro voro voro- -- - in compounds) -BOR
CONTINUOUS vra vra vra vra (enduring, repeated),
also vrima vrima vrima vrima; CONTINUOUS REPETITION
vorongandel vorongandel vorongandel vorongandel ("vorogandele" in the published
Etymologies is a misreading; see VT45:7)
(harping on one tune) -VT45:7, LIN
1

CONTINUANT - the term #muss tengw muss tengw muss tengw muss tengw "soft
element" (only attested in the pl.: muss tengwi muss tengwi muss tengwi muss tengwi)
covers vowels, semi-vowels (y, w) and
continuants (l, r, m, n). -VT39:17
CONTRARY, ON THE - see NO

CONTROL (verb) #tur tur tur tur- (cited in source as turin turin turin turin,
"I...control", 1st pers. aorist) (pa.t. turn turn turn turn) (wield,
govern); IN CONTROL OF (possessing) arwa arwa arwa arwa
(followed by gen, e.g. *i heru arwa i nerion i heru arwa i nerion i heru arwa i nerion i heru arwa i nerion "the
lord in control of the men") -TUR, 3AR
COOKED FOOD apsa apsa apsa apsa (meat) -AP
COPING-STONE see FINISH.
COPPER urus urus urus urus (urust urust urust urust-), cf. POLISHED
COPPER calarus calarus calarus calarus (calarust calarust calarust calarust-). In the Etymologies,
the word rauta rauta rauta rauta was originally defined "copper",
but Tolkien changed the definition to "metal" in
general. The earliers material has COPPER =
tamb tamb tamb tamb; OF COPPER tambina tambina tambina tambina. Etym has
COPPER-COLOURED aira aira aira aira (ruddy, red) -
VT41:10, RAUT, LT1:250, 256, 268, GAY
CORE end end end end (centre, middle). -ND, NED
CORNFLOWER menelluin menelluin menelluin menelluin (lit. *"sky-blue") -
Pictures of J. R. R. Tolkien
CORPOREAL sarcuva sarcuva sarcuva sarcuva (bodily) -LT2:347; this is
"Qenya"
CORPSE quelet quelet quelet quelet (pl. queletsi queletsi queletsi queletsi), loico loico loico loico (dead
body); CORPSE-CANDLE loicolcuma loicolcuma loicolcuma loicolcuma -KWEL,
MC:223
CORRUSCATION russ russ russ russ (swordblade) -RUS
COTTAGE - LT2:336 has os(t) os(t) os(t) os(t) "house and
cottage", but this word is probably obsolete -
osto osto osto osto means "city" or "fortress" in Tolkien's later
Quenya.
COUNT - the stem not not not not- -- - can be isolated from
the word for "countable", see below. It actually
occurs in Etym, but is glossed "reckon" instead.
COUNT UP onot onot onot onot- -- - (cf. not not not not- -- - "reckon" - the perfect
of both these verbs would presumably be
*onti onti onti onti), COUNTABLE #ntima ntima ntima ntima (isolated from
ntim ntim ntim ntim "countless, not-countable, numberless",
sg. ntima ntima ntima ntima). NOT COUNTING hequa hequa hequa hequa (leaving
aside, excluding, except) -NOT, Nam, RGEO:67,
VT39:14, WJ:364, 365
COUNTLESS ntima ntima ntima ntima (pl. ntim ntim ntim ntim is attested)
(numberless, not-countable, uncountable) -
VT39:14, Nam, RGEO:67
COUNTRY nr nr nr nr (land, race, nation, native land,
family), #nri #nri #nri #nri (only attested in a compound, in
the ablative case: sindanriello sindanriello sindanriello sindanriello, "grey-country-
from", "out of a grey country". -N,
Nam/RGEO:67
COURAGE huor huor huor huor (only attested as a proper
name: Huor Huor Huor Huor, lit. "heart-vigour") -KH-N
COURSE ti ti ti ti (line, direction, way, path, road) -
TE3, RGEO:67
COURT paca paca paca paca (paved floor) -GL:63
COVER top top top top (aorist sg) (pa.t. tomp tomp tomp tomp), untpa untpa untpa untpa- -- -
(lit. "down-roof") -TOP, Nam/RGEO:67
COVERING telm telm telm telm (hood) -TEL
COW (milch cow) yax yax yax yax. (An alternative form
yaxi yaxi yaxi yaxi, simply glossed "cow", looks like a plural in
LotR-style Quenya, unless it is a feminine form
like tri tri tri tri "queen" and heri heri heri heri "lady") -GL:36
CRACK ciris ciris ciris ciris (probably ciriss ciriss ciriss ciriss-) (cleft) -LT2:335
CRAFT tanw tanw tanw tanw (thing made, device,
construction); curw curw curw curw. CRAFTSMAN tano tano tano tano (smith)
-KUR
CREATE onta onta onta onta (pa.t. n n n n, ontan ontan ontan ontan) -ONO
CREATURE onna onna onna onna; DEFORMED/HIDEOUS
CREATURE ulundo ulundo ulundo ulundo (monster); VERY
TERRIBLE CREATURE rauco rauco rauco rauco -ONO, LUG,
VT39:10
CRESCENT cn cn cn cn (bow) -LT1:271
CREST (of wave) wing wing wing wing (wingi wingi wingi wingi- -- -) (foam,
spindrift). LT1:256 gives orm orm orm orm "crest, summit",
but in Tolkien's later Quenya orm orm orm orm means
"wrath, haste, violence, rushing". CRESTED
WAVE, WAVE-CREST falma falma falma falma -WIG/LT1:273,
PHAL, VT42:15
CROOKED hwarin hwarin hwarin hwarin; raica raica raica raica (bent, wrong), rempa rempa rempa rempa
(hooked), cauca cauca cauca cauca (bent, humped) -SKWAR,
RYAK/VT39:7, REP, LT1:260
CROSSBAR hwarma hwarma hwarma hwarma -SKWAR
CROSSING tarna tarna tarna tarna (passage, #ford) -LT2:347
CROW quco quco quco quco (so in WJ:395; Etym has corco corco corco corco) -
WJ:395, KORKA (see KARKA)
CROWD sanga sanga sanga sanga (throng, press); rimb rimb rimb rimb (host) -
STAG/Silm:438, RIM
CROWN r r r r; CROWNED rna rna rna rna; STAR-
CROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name
of Taniquetil) Elerrna Elerrna Elerrna Elerrna (so in Silm; Etym has
Elerna Elerna Elerna Elerna) -RIG/VT46:11 (VT confirming that the
proper reading is r r r r with a long vowel, not "rie"
as in the Etymologies as printed in LR), EL,
Silm:42
CRUEL nwalca nwalca nwalca nwalca (Though spelt this way also in
Etym, nwalca nwalca nwalca nwalca must be from older *ngwalca ngwalca ngwalca ngwalca, for
the stem is GWAL GWAL GWAL GWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the
letter nwalm nwalm nwalm nwalm (< older ngwalm ngwalm ngwalm ngwalm) should be used
to transcribe the initial nw nw nw nw of nwalca nwalca nwalca nwalca.) -GWAL
CRUMBLE #ruxa ruxa ruxa ruxa- (only part. ruxala ruxala ruxala ruxala is attested)
-MC:222 cf 215
CRY OF TRIUMPH (noun) yello yello yello yello (call, shout) -
GYEL, VT45:16
CRYSTAL maril maril maril maril (glass - perhaps with stem
marill marill marill marill-), CRYSTAL SUBSTANCE silima silima silima silima (a
substance Fanor alone knew how to make; the
Silmarils were made of it. Etymologically, the
word apparently means simply *"white-shining
thing", or perhaps *"[substance] apt to shine
white".) -VT46:13, RGEO:73, Silm:437
CUNNING - LT1:253 has find find find find, fini fini fini fini, but these
words may not be valid in Tolkien's later Quenya
(in Etym, find find find find means "tress, lock of hair").
CUP yulma yulma yulma yulma -Nam, RGEO:67
CUPOLA coromindo coromindo coromindo coromindo (dome), telluma telluma telluma telluma (altered
from earlier telum telum telum telum under influence of a Valarin

word; pl. tellumar tellumar tellumar tellumar is attested) (dome), coromindo coromindo coromindo coromindo
(dome) -Nam/WJ:399/411, KOR, KOP
CURUFIN Curufinw Curufinw Curufinw Curufinw, short form Curvo Curvo Curvo Curvo. (His
"mother-name", never used in narrative, was
Atarinc Atarinc Atarinc Atarinc.) -PM:352, 353
CURUNR Curumo Curumo Curumo Curumo (Saruman) -UT:393, 401
CURVED cna cna cna cna (bent; cna cna cna cna is also used as a
verbal stem, see BEND) -MC:223
CUSHION nirwa nirwa nirwa nirwa -NID
CUSTODY mando mando mando mando (safe keeping); CASTLE OF
CUSTODY Mandos Mandos Mandos Mandos (Mandost Mandost Mandost Mandost- -- -) -MR:350
CUT (vb) rista rista rista rista- -- -; veni veni veni veni (infinitive? stem #ven ven ven ven- -- -?)
(shape), CUT (noun) rista rista rista rista, venw venw venw venw (shape), CUT
OFF (and get rid of or lose a portion:) auciri auciri auciri auciri- -- -, (so
as to have or or use a required portion:) hciri hciri hciri hciri- -- - -
RIS, LT1:254, WJ:365-366, 368
CYCLE randa randa randa randa (age) -RAD
D
DAERON see DAIRON
DAGGER sicil sicil sicil sicil (knife), naica naica naica naica -SIK, GL:37
DAILY ilaura ilaura ilaura ilaura (another form, ilyara ilyara ilyara ilyara [read
*ilyra ilyra ilyra ilyra?] and its archaic variant ilyza ilyza ilyza ilyza, was
apparently abandoned by Tolkien) -VT43:18
DAIRON Sairon Sairon Sairon Sairon -GL:29 (called Daeron in the
published Silmarillion)
DALE nal nal nal nal, nall nall nall nall (dell); DALE-SPRITES tavar tavar tavar tavar
(pl. tavarni tavarni tavarni tavarni). In Tolkien's later Quenya, tavar tavar tavar tavar
means "wood" (as material). See, however,
DRYAD. -LT1:261, LT1:267
DAMP ringa ringa ringa ringa (chilly, cold) -LT1:265
DANCE (verb) lilta lilta lilta lilta- -- - -LILT
DANGER #rax rax rax rax (pl. ablative raxellor raxellor raxellor raxellor attested).
In another version of the text in question, Tolkien
used #raxal raxal raxal raxal (pl. abl. raxalellor raxalellor raxalellor raxalellor) instead. -VT44:9
DANGLE linga linga linga linga- -- - (hang) -LING
DARE verya verya verya verya- -- - (cf. BOLD) -BER
DARK (adj.) morna morna morna morna (gloomy, sombre, black),
nulla nulla nulla nulla (dusky, obscure), lna lna lna lna (Note: a homophone
means "island"), lra lra lra lra (overcast), DARK OR
HIDDEN tumna tumna tumna tumna (low-lying, low, profound, deep).
DARK (noun) hui hui hui hui (fog, murk, night); DARK,
DARKNESS morni morni morni morni, mr mr mr mr (blackness, night)
mor mor mor mor, lm lm lm lm (Note: lm lm lm lm also means "hour, time"),
lm lm lm lm (stem lmi lmi lmi lmi-) (night, twilight, gloom), huin huin huin huin
(shadow, gloom). (See SLAYER for
DARKNESS-SLAYER.) DARK ELVES
Moriquendi Moriquendi Moriquendi Moriquendi, Morimor Morimor Morimor Morimor (Lmarni Lmarni Lmarni Lmarni in LT1:259 is
hardly a valid word in LotR-style Quenya); DARK
ONE (=Morgoth) morion morion morion morion; DARK WEATHER lr lr lr lr;
DARK LOWERING CLOUD lumbo lumbo lumbo lumbo (pl. lumbor lumbor lumbor lumbor is
attested); DARK VALE tumbo tumbo tumbo tumbo (stem *tumbu tumbu tumbu tumbu-)
(deep valley) -Letters:382, NDUL, DO3, LT1:259,
LT1:271, LT1:253, MOR, LotR:488 cf.
Letters:308, Silm:431, MC:222 cf. 215,
WJ:361/Silm:388, Nam/RGEO:67, FS, LT1:259,
269
DAUGHTER yend yend yend yend, yen yen yen yen, - -- -iel iel iel iel (suffix, e.g.
Uinniel Uinniel Uinniel Uinniel "daughter of Uinen" [UT:182]; this suffix
may obsolete the earlier [TLT] ending - -- -wen wen wen wen,
mentioned in LT1:271). The stem YEL, from
which - -- -iel iel iel iel must be derived, was removed from
Etym. However, the UT example just mentioned
is from a later text, indicating that Tolkien
restored - -- -iel iel iel iel. Perhaps yeld yeld yeld yeld was restored as the
independent word for "daughter" at the same
time and is to be preferred to yend yend yend yend, yen yen yen yen.
Distinguish -riel riel riel riel in Altriel Altriel Altriel Altriel (Galadriel), which does
not mean "daughter" and becomes -riell riell riell riell- before
an ending. -Y, YEL, 182/469
DAWN ra ra ra ra (obsoleting r r r r in LT1:264; this
word means "rising" or "heart" in LotR-style
Quenya), amaura amaura amaura amaura (early day). See also
TWILIGHT. -AR
1
, MC:223
DAY aur aur aur aur (sunlight; Etym gives ar ar ar ar, ari ari ari ari-
instead), arya arya arya arya (= 12 hours), r r r r (= 24 hours,
counted from sunset to sunset), sana sana sana sana (= also 24
hours, but this is "Qenya"), DAYTIME ari ari ari ari,
EARLY DAY ama ama ama amaura ura ura ura (dawn), DAYLIGHT -
LT1:254 gives calma calma calma calma, but this word is defined
"lamp" in LotR. LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien quantien quantien quantien,
FIRST DAY (meaning obscure, possibly first day
of year) minyen minyen minyen minyen. (In the entry YEN of the
Etymologies as printed in LR, minyen minyen minyen minyen is
seemingly glossed both "first day" and "first
year", but according to VT46:23, only "first day"
is correct.) DAYSPRING tuil tuil tuil tuil -AR
1
/VT45:6,
Silm:229/234/439, LotR:1141, LT1:250, MC:223,
YEN
DEAD firin firin firin firin (= dead by natural cause), qualin qualin qualin qualin
(related to qualm qualm qualm qualm "agony, death" and probably
has darker connotations than firin firin firin firin), vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa
(departed, lost, past, gone, vanished, no longer
to be had), hessa hessa hessa hessa (withered). DEAD BODY loico loico loico loico
(corpse) -KWAL, PHIR, MC:223, LT1:255,
WJ:366
DEAR melda melda melda melda (beloved), melin melin melin melin, moina moina moina moina (familiar),
#melya melya melya melya (isolated from Melyanna Melyanna Melyanna Melyanna "dear gift",
Melian's Quenya name), valda valda valda valda (worth, worthy).

Cf. also the "suffix of endearment" - -- -ya ya ya ya mentioned
in UT:418: Anardilya Anardilya Anardilya Anardilya *"dear Anardil" (UT:174). -
MEL, MOY, Silm:434, GL:23
DEATH qualm qualm qualm qualm, unqual unqual unqual unqual (agony; according to
VT45:24, Tolkien changed this word to anqual anqual anqual anqual),
#fri fri fri fri, #effri effri effri effri (basically "expiration", attested
with the ending -mmo mmo mmo mmo in friemmo friemmo friemmo friemmo, effriemmo effriemmo effriemmo effriemmo "of
our death"), nuru nuru nuru nuru, older uru uru uru uru (personalized Nuru Nuru Nuru Nuru
= Mandos), fair fair fair fair (natural death [as act]) (Note:
fair fair fair fair also means "radiance" and "phantom", and
even [in LT1:250] "free"), urdu urdu urdu urdu -KWAL/LT1:264,
VT43:34, GUR/VT46:4, PHIR, LT2:342
DEBT #rohta rohta rohta rohta (attested in pl. form rohtar rohtar rohtar rohtar). Used
in draft version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's
prayer, this word may refer to moral rather than
financial "debt"; it may also cover "trespass".
This is probably also true of variant words for
"debt" occurring in other versions: #lucass lucass lucass lucass,
#luci luci luci luci, #luhta luhta luhta luhta (all attested with the ending -mmar mmar mmar mmar
to express "our debts/trespasses"). -VT43:19
DEBTOR #rocindo rocindo rocindo rocindo, #rucindo rucindo rucindo rucindo (isolated from
rocindollomman rocindollomman rocindollomman rocindollomman, rucindollomman rucindollomman rucindollomman rucindollomman "from our
debtors"). Used in one of the draft versions of
Tolkien's Quenya version of the Lord's Prayer,
the "debtors" denoted by this word may be
sinners rather than simply people owing others
money. Another version of the Prayer has
#lucando lucando lucando lucando or #lucindo lucindo lucindo lucindo as the word for "debtor" or
"one who trespasses" (attested in the plural:
lucandor lucandor lucandor lucandor, lucindor lucindor lucindor lucindor). -VT43:20
DECLIVITY pend pend pend pend (downslape, slope) -PEN
DEEP tumna tumna tumna tumna (low-lying, low, profound, dark or
hidden), nra nra nra nra; DEEP VALLEY tumbo tumbo tumbo tumbo (dark vale);
DEEP VALE imb imb imb imb (dell) (Note: imb imb imb imb is also the
preposition "between"); DEEP SHADOW huin huin huin huin
(gloom) -N, TUB, VT45:18, VT41:8
DEFORMED CREATURE ulundo ulundo ulundo ulundo (hideous
creature, monster) -LUG
DELIVER (= *save) etelehta etelehta etelehta etelehta- (the alternative
verb etrna etrna etrna etrna-, eterna eterna eterna eterna- was possibly abandoned
by Tolkien; see FREE [verb]). -VT43:23, VT44:9
DELL imb imb imb imb (deep vale) (Note: imb imb imb imb is also the
preposition "between"), nal nal nal nal, nall nall nall nall (dale) -
VT45:18, LT1:261
DEMAND can can can can- (so when used with things as
object, in effect = ask for; otherwise command,
order) -PM:361-362 (where only a stem KAN is
mentioned)
DEMON rauco rauco rauco rauco (pl. #raucar raucar raucar raucar, isolated from
Valaraukar Valaraukar Valaraukar Valaraukar (Valaraucar Valaraucar Valaraucar Valaraucar) "Balrogs". LT1:250
gives arauk arauk arauk arauk; WJ:415 has rauco rauco rauco rauco and arauco arauco arauco arauco,
defined as "a powerful, hostile, and terrible
creature".) See also ORC. -RUK, Silm:436,
WJ:415
DENTAL SERIES tincotma tincotma tincotma tincotma (t-series) -
LotR:1154
DENY lala lala lala lala- -LA (Note: a homophone means
"laugh", but the past tense forms may differ. See
LAUGH.)
DEPART vanya vanya vanya vanya- -- - (pa.t. vann vann vann vann). (This verb
Tolkien may seem to have been abandoned in
favour of auta auta auta auta-; see PASS.) Lend Lend Lend Lend pa.t. of
lelya lelya lelya lelya/lenna lenna lenna lenna "go" is also glossed as "departed".
DEPARTED (adj) vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa (gone, vanished, lost,
past, no longer to be had, dead) -WAN, LED cf.
VT45:27, WJ:366, Nam
DEPRIVE OF LIBERTY avalerya avalerya avalerya avalerya- (bind, make
fast, restrain) -VT41:5, 6
DEPRIVED #racina racina racina racina (only pl. racin racin racin racin is attested)
(stripped); DEPRIVED OF na na na na (destitute,
forlorn); DEPRIVED SIGN #racina tengw racina tengw racina tengw racina tengw (only
pl. racin tengwi racin tengwi racin tengwi racin tengwi is attested). Also translated
"stripped sign", this was in early Elvish analysis
of Quenya the term for a consonant with no
following vowel; the vowel was held to have
disappeared or been omitted. -VT39:16, 14
DESCENDANT indyo indyo indyo indyo (grandchild) (Indyo Indyo Indyo Indyo looks
like Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy ndy ndy ndy
became ny ny ny ny in Noldorin Quenya. The Noldor likely
used the form *inyo *inyo *inyo *inyo.) MALE DESCENDANT
yondo yondo yondo yondo (son) (In LT2:344, it is said that yondo yondo yondo yondo
usually meant "(great) grandson", but in LotR-
style Quenya it simply means "son".) -GYO(N)
DESERT erum erum erum erum (cf. Eruman Eruman Eruman Eruman a desert north-
east of Valinor, though Eruman Eruman Eruman Eruman is used in an
entirely different way elsewhere; see
HEAVENS.) -ERE
DESERTED erda erda erda erda (solitary) -LT1:269
DESIRE (vb) #mer mer mer mer- (cited in the form mer mer mer mer,
evidently the 3rd person aorist; pa.t. given as
mern mern mern mern) (want, wish). The stem YES yields a
word yesta yesta yesta yesta- "desire", but this clashes with the
corrected/updated form of esta esta esta esta - see FIRST.
DESIRE (noun) r r r r, nma nma nma nma (= "a desire" or "a
judgement"), nmi nmi nmi nmi (= "a (single) desire" or "a
(single) judgement"), milm milm milm milm (greed). (Note: r r r r
also means "when".) DESIREABLE rima rima rima rima
(loveable), DESIRER Irmo Irmo Irmo Irmo (name of a Vala).
DESIRING TO START mna mna mna mna (eager to go), also
verb DESIRE TO GO IN SOME DIRECTION
mna mna mna mna- (to wish to go to a place, make for it, have
some end in view). -MER, ID, VT41:13, MIL-IK,
YES/VT46:23, WJ:403, VT39:11
DESPISE #nattir nattir nattir nattir- -VT44:8
DESTINE martya martya martya martya- -- -; DESTINY maranw maranw maranw maranw -
MBARAT
DESTITUTE na na na na (deprived of, forlorn);
DESTITUTE OF (usually followed by genitive:
calo calo calo calo *"destitute of light [cala]") (without). -
VT39:14
DETERMINANT VOWEL sundma sundma sundma sundma (lit. *"base-
vowel, root-vowel". Christopher Tolkien notes:

"Very briefly indeed, the Quendian consonantal
base or sundo was characterized by a
'determinant vowel' or sundma: thus the sundo
KAT has a medial sundma 'A', and TALAT has
the sundma repeated. In derivative forms the
sundma might be placed before the first
consonant, e.g. ATALAT.") -WJ:319
DEVICE tanw tanw tanw tanw (craft, thing made,
construction); SKILLFUL [?DEVICE - Tolkien's
handwriting was illegible] curo curo curo curo (curu curu curu curu-) -TAN,
VT41:10
DEVISE auta auta auta auta- -- - (originate, invent) -GAWA
DEW ross ross ross ross (fine rain, spray), rin rin rin rin. DEWY nt nt nt nt
(stem *nti nti nti nti-) (moist) -ROS/Letters:282, LT1:265,
NEI
DEXTER forya forya forya forya (right), DEXTEROUS formait formait formait formait
(right-handed) -VT46:10, PHOR
DIACRITIC tehta tehta tehta tehta (mark [in writing], sign) (In
LotR:1155, the word is applied to the supralinear
vowel-marks of Fanorian writing, and pl. tehtar tehtar tehtar tehtar
is attested.) -TEK, LotR:1155
DIALECT - Tolkien notes that the word lamb lamb lamb lamb
"tongue" was originally "nearer to our 'dialect'
than to 'language', but later when the Eldar
became aware of other tongues, not intelligible
without study, lambe naturally became applied to
the separate languages of any people or region"
(WJ:394). Thus, lamb lamb lamb lamb can hardly be used for
"dialect" in Exilic Quenya. Cf. also VT39:15,
where lamb lamb lamb lamb is said to mean "the language or
dialect of a particular or people".
DICTUM eques eques eques eques (pl. equessi equessi equessi equessi) (proverbial dictum,
quotation, saying) -WJ:392
DIE fir fir fir fir- -- - (fade) -MC:223, VT43:34
DIPHTHONG ocamna ocamna ocamna ocamna; in the source providing
this word Tolkien rejected his earlier form
osamnar osamnar osamnar osamnar (pl.); compare the Etymologies form
#samna samna samna samna (only pl samnar samnar samnar samnar is attested. Distinct in
Tengwar spelling from samna samna samna samna "wooden post",
that is spelt with initial sl sl sl sl instead of silm silm silm silm).
Another word for "dipthong" is given as ohlon ohlon ohlon ohlon (pl.
ohloni ohloni ohloni ohloni is attested); the latter term was used of
vocalic diphthongs and "consonantal diphthongs"
(like mb) alike. -VT44:13, 14, SAM, VT39:9
DIM TO SEE nca nca nca nca (vague, faint) (Pl nc nc nc nc is
attested) -MC:223, 222
DIMNESS mordo mordo mordo mordo (shadow, obscurity, stain,
smear) -VT45:35, MOR
DIRE aica aica aica aica (fell, terrible, sharp) -PM:347
DIRECTION ti ti ti ti (course, line, pathway, road);
DESIRE TO GO IN SOME DIRECTION mna mna mna mna-
(to wish to go to a place, make for it, have some
end in view). - TE3/RGEO:67, VT39:11
DIRTY vra vra vra vra (soiled) -WA3
DISAPPEAR vanya vanya vanya vanya- -- - (pa.t. vann vann vann vann. Note: a
homophone of vanya vanya vanya vanya means "beautiful") (go,
depart) -WAN
DISCOLOURED pra pra pra pra (smeared) -MC:223
DISEMBODIED SPIRIT see SPIRIT
DISGUST - feel disgust at feuya feuya feuya feuya- -- - (abhor). -
PHEW/VT46:9
DISH ven ven ven ven (small boat, vessel) -LT1:254
DISORDERED rcina rcina rcina rcina (confused, shattered) -
MC:223
DIVIDE IN MIDDLE perya perya perya perya- -- - (halve) (After perya perya perya perya- -- -
, a word perina perina perina perina is mentioned; it is undefined but
must be the corresponding past participle:
*"divided in middle, halved".) -PER
DIVINE valain valain valain valaina a a a (= "of or belonging to the
Valar", probably not to be used with reference to
the One who is above them), Eruva Eruva Eruva Eruva (adj.
referring to the divinity of Eru himself), DIVINITY
valass valass valass valass -BAL, VT44:18
DO #car car car car- (make, build; see MAKE for various
attested forms of this verb); NOT DO #um um um um- (cited
in the form umin umin umin umin "I do not", 1st pers. aorist; also
short uin uin uin uin) (pa.t. m m m m) (This verb is also used =
"not be", see BE); DO NOT! (imperative) v! v! v! v!
(also = I will not); DON'T va va va va, av av av av, alaly alaly alaly alaly (the
last form incorporates the ending -ly ly ly ly "thou",
hence "do not thou [do something]"). DON'T DO
IT! va car! va car! va car! va car! SET VIGOROUSLY OUT TO DO
horya horya horya horya- (be compelled to do something, have an
impulse) -KAR, UGU/UMU, WJ:371, VT44:8,
VT45:22
DOER tyaro tyaro tyaro tyaro (actor, agent) -KYAR
DOG huo huo huo huo -KHUG
DOME tel tel tel telluma luma luma luma (pl. tellumar tellumar tellumar tellumar is attested)
(cupola), coromindo coromindo coromindo coromindo (cupola) -Nam/WJ:399,
KOR
DON'T va va va va, av av av av; DON'T DO IT! va car! va car! va car! va car! -
WJ:371
DOOM manar manar manar manar, mand mand mand mand (final end, fate, fortune,
final bliss); umbar umbar umbar umbar- -- - (umbart umbart umbart umbart-) (fate) In the story of
Trin Turambar, it seems that ambar ambar ambar ambar means
"doom": Turambar Turambar Turambar Turambar is said to mean "Master of
Doom", and Nienor even uses the word in the
instrumental case: ambartanen ambartanen ambartanen ambartanen "by doom".
Similarly, LT2:348 gives ambar ambar ambar ambar "Fate". But in
Etym, ambar ambar ambar ambar means "earth", and LotR Appendix
E confirms that "fate" is umbar umbar umbar umbar. DOOM RING
Mhanaxar Mhanaxar Mhanaxar Mhanaxar (a foreign word in Quenya, adopted
and adapted from Valarin.) -MAN/MANAD,
MBARAT/VT45:5, Silm:261, 269, LotR:1157,
WJ:399
DOOR, see GATE; *DOOR OF NIGHT: the
translation Ando Lmen Ando Lmen Ando Lmen Ando Lmen is given in VT45:28
(citing a deleted entry in the Etymologies). Since
Tolkien later decided that the genitive ending
should be -o oo o rather than -n nn n, and moreover

equipped lm lm lm lm "night" with the stem-form lmi lmi lmi lmi-,
we should perhaps read *Ando Lmio Ando Lmio Ando Lmio Ando Lmio.
DORIATH #Lestanr #Lestanr #Lestanr #Lestanr (only gen. Lestanro Lestanro Lestanro Lestanro is
attested) -WJ:369
DORLMIN Lminr Lminr Lminr Lminr -WJ:145
DOT pica pica pica pica (small spot), tix tix tix tix (tiny mark, point),
amatix amatix amatix amatix (point over the line of writing; variant
amatex amatex amatex amatex in VT46:19), unutix unutix unutix unutix (point under the
line of writing; the initial element unu unu unu unu- was
misread as "nun-" in the Etymologies as printed
in LR, see VT46:19) -PIK, TIK/VT46:19
DOUBLE (prob. adj) atwa atwa atwa atwa, tanta tanta tanta tanta; DOUBLE (vb)
tatya tatya tatya tatya- -- - (repeat). (Note: tatya tatya tatya tatya also means
"second".) -AT(AT), TATA
DOUGH max max max max -MASAG
DOVE cucua cucua cucua cucua -K (in the Etymologies as
printed in LR, this noun is erroneously split into
two words, "ku" and "kua" instead of "kukua";
see VT45:24)
DOWN undu undu undu undu (under, beneath); DOWN-FALL
atalant atalant atalant atalant, atalanti atalanti atalanti atalanti (collapse); DOWN-FALLEN
atalanta atalanta atalanta atalanta (pl atalanti atalanti atalanti atalanti is attested) (ruinous);
DOWN BELOW (adv.) nn nn nn nn (underneath);
"DOWN-LICK" (i.e., cover completely) #undulav undulav undulav undulav- -- -
(only pa.t. undulv undulv undulv undulv is attested) -UNU, N,
MC:222, 223/Letters:347, RGEO:67/Nam
DOWNSLOPE pend pend pend pend (slope, declivity) -
PEN/PNED
DRAGON lc lc lc lc (serpent, snake; "so do the
Eldar name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85),
angulc angulc angulc angulc, fenum fenum fenum fenum; WINGED DRAGON
rmalc rmalc rmalc rmalc; FIRE-DRAGON urulc urulc urulc urulc (pl. Urulci Urulci Urulci Urulci is
attested in Silm:138, there capitalized;
surprisingly, Urulci Urulci Urulci Urulci is used as a singular form in
Silm:255); SPARK-DRAGON falc falc falc falc; FISH-
DRAGON lingwilc lingwilc lingwilc lingwilc (sea-serpent) -LOK; cf.
ANGWA, LT2:341, RAM, UR, PHAY, LIW
DRAKE (LT2:340) see DRAGON
DRAUGHT #yulda #yulda #yulda #yulda (only pl. yuldar yuldar yuldar yuldar is attested),
suhto suhto suhto suhto -Nam, SUK
DRAW #tuc tuc tuc tuc- (cited as tucin tucin tucin tucin "I draw", 1st pers.
aorist), saca saca saca saca- (pull), DRAW WATER calpa calpa calpa calpa- -- - (bale
out, scoop out); DRAWING #halm #halm #halm #halm (isolated
from Turuhalm Turuhalm Turuhalm Turuhalm "Log-drawing") -TUK, KALPA,
VT43:23, LotR:270
DREAD aista aista aista aista- -- - -GAYAS
DREAM (noun) olor olor olor olor, olr olr olr olr, lor lor lor lor; DREAMY
olosta olosta olosta olosta, olra olra olra olra -LOS, LT1:259, LotR:488 cf.
Letters:308, UT:396
DRINK (vb) #suc suc suc suc- (cited in source as sucin sucin sucin sucin "I
drink", 1st pers. aorist); DRINK OF THE VALAR
limp limp limp limp (so glossed under LIP; "drink of the fairies"
in LT1:258) or mruvr mruvr mruvr mruvr (LT1:261); DRINKING
yulm yulm yulm yulm (carousal) (Note: a homophone means
"smouldering heat"); DRINKING-VESSEL yulma yulma yulma yulma
(cup), sungwa sungwa sungwa sungwa. -SUK, WJ:416/Nam
DRIP li li li lipte pte pte pte- -- - -LT1:258
DROP (noun) limba limba limba limba; LITTLE DROP lipt lipt lipt lipt -LIB,
LT1:258
DROWNED quorin quorin quorin quorin (choked) -LT1:264
DROWSY lorda lorda lorda lorda (slumbrous) -LT1:259
DR r r r r (wose), DRADAN Ratan Ratan Ratan Ratan (pl. Ratani Ratani Ratani Ratani
is given but seems perfectly regular) -UT:385
DRY (prob. adj not vb) pa pa pa parca rca rca rca; VERY DRY
amparca amparca amparca amparca -PRAK, VT45:5
DRYAD tavaro tavaro tavaro tavaro, tavaron tavaron tavaron tavaron (m.), tavaril tavaril tavaril tavaril (f.)
(compare the tavarni tavarni tavarni tavarni or "dale-sprites" in
Tolkien's earlier material), nandin nandin nandin nandin (further
defined as "fay of the country") -TWAR,
LT1:261
DUILIN Tulindo Tulindo Tulindo Tulindo; HOUSE OF DUILIN Noss Noss Noss Noss
Tuilinda Tuilinda Tuilinda Tuilinda (Tuilinda Tuilinda Tuilinda Tuilinda must be an adjectival form of
Tuilindo Tuilindo Tuilindo Tuilindo) -LT2:338
DNEDAIN Nnatani Nnatani Nnatani Nnatani -WJ:386
DUSK hist hist hist hist (also hs hs hs hs, but this clashes with a
word meaning "fog, mist"), lm lm lm lm (stem lmi lmi lmi lmi-)
(night, gloom, darkness, twilight) -LT1:255
DUSKY nulla nulla nulla nulla (dark, obscure) -NDUL
DUST asto asto asto asto - -- -S-AT
DWARF Nauco Nauco Nauco Nauco (pl. Naucor Naucor Naucor Naucor is attested; LT1:261
gives nauca nauca nauca nauca instead of nauco nauco nauco nauco), Norno Norno Norno Norno (Naucali Naucali Naucali Naucali,
Nornali Nornali Nornali Nornali = the whole people of the Dwarves)
Casar Casar Casar Casar (pl. Casari Casari Casari Casari or Casri Casri Casri Casri; partitive plural
Casalli Casalli Casalli Casalli; the whole people of the Dwarves being
called Casalli Casalli Casalli Casalli. According to WJ, Casar Casar Casar Casar -
Quenyaized form of Dwarvish Khazd Khazd Khazd Khazd - "was the
word most commonly used in Quenya for the
Dwarves". Nauco Nauco Nauco Nauco "stunted one" and norno norno norno norno
"thrawn one" are less polite words for "dwarf";
yet norno norno norno norno is stated to be "the more friendly term".
But the Dwarves themselves would definitely
prefer Casar Casar Casar Casar.) PETTY-DWARVES Picinaucor Picinaucor Picinaucor Picinaucor,
Pitya Pitya Pitya Pitya- -- -naucor naucor naucor naucor (lit. *"small dwarves"), Attalyar Attalyar Attalyar Attalyar (lit.
"Bipeds"). DWARROWVAULT Casarrondo Casarrondo Casarrondo Casarrondo
(Khazad-dm) -NAUK, WJ:388, 389
DWELLER mardo mardo mardo mardo
DWELLING (noun) mar mar mar mar (mard mard mard mard- -- -) (home),
DWELLING (adj) #farn farn farn farn (a pl form? Sg farna farna farna farna?
Only attested in the compound orofarn orofarn orofarn orofarn
"mountain-dwelling". Note: farn farn farn farn is also the pa.t.
of farya farya farya farya- -- - "suffice", as well as a noun "foliage");
DWELLING-PLACE nr nr nr nr (land, region where
certain people live, nation, native land, family);
DWELLING UNDERGROUND hrta hrta hrta hrta (artificial
cave, rockhewn hall) -VT45:33, 46:13, cf.
LT1:251, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, NDOR,
PM:365
DWINDLE pca pca pca pca- -- - (part. pcala pcala pcala pcala is attested)
(lessen) -MC:223, 222


E
EACH ilya ilya ilya ilya (every, all of a particular group of
things), mca mca mca mca (a very early "Qenya" word of
doubtful authority) -VT39:20, GL:41
EAGER TO GO mna mna mna mna- (desiring to start) -
VT39:11
EAGLE soron soron soron soron, sorn sorn sorn sorn ( ) (pl. so so so sorni rni rni rni) (So in Etym;
Letters:427 has sorno sorno sorno sorno, thorno thorno thorno thorno, LT1:266 also has
sor sor sor sor. Soron Soron Soron Soron/sorno sorno sorno sorno obsoletes ea ea ea ea, earen earen earen earen in
LT1:251 and LT2:338 - besides, a a a a means "is,
exists" in Tolkien's later Quenya.) KING OF
EAGLES Sorontur Sorontur Sorontur Sorontur, "EAGLE-HORN" (a great
height in Nmenor) Sorontil Sorontil Sorontil Sorontil -THOR, Letters:427,
UT:465
EAR: The form lr lr lr lr in the entry LAS
2
in the
Etymologies appears to mean "ear", though the
wording is not quite clear.
EARLY arinya arinya arinya arinya; EARLY DAY amaura amaura amaura amaura (dawn);
EARLY MORN tuil tuil tuil tuil (dayspring, spring-time) -
AR
1
, MC:223, TUY
EARTH cemen cemen cemen cemen (soil). (Note: at the time Tolkien
wrote Etym, he thought of cemen cemen cemen cemen as the genitive
of cn cn cn cn, but later cemen cemen cemen cemen evidently became the
nominative form, as it had been in earlier writings
[LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that cemen cemen cemen cemen
[kemen kemen kemen kemen] refers to "the Earth as a flat floor
beneath menel menel menel menel, the heavens". LT1:257,
reproducing early material, also has cemi cemi cemi cemi "earth,
soil, land" and Kmi Kmi Kmi Kmi "Mother Earth".) Locative
cemend cemend cemend cemend "on earth" in VT43:17. EARTH-QUEEN
Kementri Kementri Kementri Kementri (Yavanna's title); EARTHEN, OF
EARTH cemna cemna cemna cemna. (LR:363 gves "kemina", but
according to VT45:19, this is a misreading for
"kemna" in Tolkien's manuscript.) EARTH (=
world) Ambar Ambar Ambar Ambar (world) (Tolkien equated Ambar Ambar Ambar Ambar
with Oikoumene, a Greek word denoting "world"
considered as "the inhabited world of Men". But
ambar ambar ambar ambar also seems to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337
(cf. WJ:419) has Imbar Imbar Imbar Imbar instead of Ambar Ambar Ambar Ambar; the
literal meaning of both words is said to be
"habitation") EARTH-DWELLERS -LT2:343
gives indi indi indi indi, rendered "earthdwellers" and said to
be another word for "men", but this is hardly a
valid word in LotR-style Quenya. -
KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257/VT44:34, MBAR cf.
Letters:283 or SD:409
EAST rmen rmen rmen rmen (allative Rmenna Rmenna Rmenna Rmenna as a region of
Nmenor and ablative Rmello Rmello Rmello Rmello in Namri are
capitalized), rna rna rna rna; EASTERN rmenya rmenya rmenya rmenya (Entar Entar Entar Entar,
Entardar Entardar Entardar Entardar "Outer Lands, Middle-earth" is also
glossed as "East" once, as opposed to the
Blessed Realm of the West.) The words r r r r
"dawn, Sunrise, East" and its corresponding
adjective ra ra ra ra (LT1:264) are probably not valid
words in LotR-style Quenya; see DAWN. Neither
can Ostar Ostar Ostar Ostar "East" be a valid word; see GATE.
EAST-VICTOR Rmendacil Rmendacil Rmendacil Rmendacil (one of the Kings of
Gondor) EAST-LANDS Orrostar Orrostar Orrostar Orrostar (a region in
Nmenor). EAST-HELPER (masc. name)
Rmestmo Rmestmo Rmestmo Rmestmo, Rme Rme Rme Rme(n nn n)star star star star (so in PM:384, 391;
probably ?Rmenstar Rmenstar Rmenstar Rmenstar must always become
Rmestar Rmestar Rmestar Rmestar, but Tolkien cited the form as
Rme Rme Rme Rme(n nn n)star star star star to indicate the connection with
rmen rmen rmen rmen "east") -R/LotR:1157, UT:463, Nam,
EN, LotR:1075, 1081, UT:165, 459, PM:384,
391)
EAT mat mat mat mat- -- -, mata mata mata mata- (pa.t. mant mant mant mant is given) -MAT,
VT39:7
ECHO lma lma lma lma (ringing sound - so in Etym, but
see SOUND), n nn nallma allma allma allma (In Etym, the second a a a a of
the latter word has an undefined diacritic here
represented by .) ECHOING lmina lmina lmina lmina -LAM
EDDY hwinya hwinya hwinya hwinya- -- - (swirl, gyrate); hwind hwind hwind hwind
(whirlpool) -SWIN
EDGE rna rna rna rna, rma rma rma rma -REG, R
EGLATH (or EGLAIN, EGLADHRIM) Heceldi Heceldi Heceldi Heceldi
(the "Forsaken" Elves, especially the Eldar left in
Beleriand; sg Hecel Hecel Hecel Hecel is given. MR:170 has Ecelli Ecelli Ecelli Ecelli.)
-WJ:365 cf. Silm:68
EIGHT tolto tolto tolto tolto -TOL
1
-OTH/OT
EIGHTEEN nahta nahta nahta nahta -PE14:17
ELBOW lem lem lem lem -LT1:258
ELEPHANT andamunda andamunda andamunda andamunda -MBUD
ELEVEN minqu minqu minqu minqu -MINIK-W-, LT1:260
ELF q qq quend uend uend uend (generic, seldom used in the sg; pl
Quendi Quendi Quendi Quendi is the usual form; there are gender-
specific forms quendu quendu quendu quendu m. and quendi quendi quendi quendi f., but they
seem to be rare; pl. quendur quendur quendur quendur, quendir quendir quendir quendir is
attested), Elda Elda Elda Elda (originally generic, but later [MET]
used of Elves of the Three Kindreds [Noldor,
Vanyar, Teleri] only. That was at least the proper
usage: Elda Elda Elda Elda was the normal word for "elf" in
Valinor, as all Elves there were Eldar. An archaic
variant of Elda Elda Elda Elda was Eldo Eldo Eldo Eldo.) ELVES OF AMAN
Amanyar Amanyar Amanyar Amanyar (sg #Amanya Amanya Amanya Amanya), ELVES WHO
REFUSED TO JOIN IN THE WESTWARD
MARCH (from Cuivinen) Avari Avari Avari Avari (sg Avar Avar Avar Avar in
WJ:371; Avar Avar Avar Avar or Avaro Avaro Avaro Avaro in Etym), also called
Avamanyar Avamanyar Avamanyar Avamanyar "those who did not go to Aman,

because they would not" (distinguish manyar manyar manyar manyar,
amanyar amanyar amanyar amanyar, Alamanyar Alamanyar Alamanyar Alamanyar "those who did not in the
event reach Aman", though they did join in the
march from Cuivinen; these are also called
Heceldi Heceldi Heceldi Heceldi or Ecelli Ecelli Ecelli Ecelli, see EGLATH). See also DARK
ELVES, GREEN-ELVES, GREY-ELVES, HIGH-
ELVES, LIGHT-ELVES, SEA-ELVES, LITTLE
ELF. Cf. also ELVENHOME Eldamar Eldamar Eldamar Eldamar, Elend Elend Elend Elend.
ELF-PEOPLE Eldali Eldali Eldali Eldali, ELVISH E EE Eldarinwa ldarinwa ldarinwa ldarinwa (adj
only; "Elvish" meaning Elvish language is simply
Eldarin Eldarin Eldarin Eldarin. Properly, these words for "Elvish" apply
to the Tree Kindreds only, not to all the Quendi.)
Quenderin Quenderin Quenderin Quenderin ("Elvish" referring to all the Quendi,
"Quendian"; this remained a learned word) -
WJ:361/KWEN(ED), MR:229 ELED, Silm:424,
AB/WJ:371/Silm:65/MR:163, WJ:363,
Silm:23/392, MR:415, WJ:407
ELF-FRIEND Elendil Elendil Elendil Elendil (actually meaning *"star-
friend". Tolkien notes: "It is not surprising that the
Edain...found it difficult to discern whether words
and names containing the element el referred to
the stars or to the Elves. This is seen in the
name Elendil, which was meant to bear the
sense "Elf-friend". Properly in Quenya it meant 'a
lover or student of the stars'... 'Elf-friend' would
have been more correctly represented by
Quen(den)dil or Eldandil.") -WJ:410
ELF-LOVER #Eldameldo Eldameldo Eldameldo Eldameldo (pl Eldameldor Eldameldor Eldameldor Eldameldor in
WJ:417)
ELF-STONE Elessar Elessar Elessar Elessar (Aragorn's royal name,
prob. *Elessard Elessard Elessard Elessard- -- -, cf. STONE. The literal meaning
is *Star-stone, not Elf-stone - but the Edain
confused e ee elen len len len "star" and elda elda elda elda "elf". Cf. Elendil Elendil Elendil Elendil;
see ELF-FRIEND above.) -LotR:395, 897
ELM-TREE alalm alalm alalm alalm, lalm lalm lalm lalm; LAND OF ELMS
Alalminr Alalminr Alalminr Alalminr (Warwickshire) -LAM/LT1:249,
LLAM
ELONGATED taina taina taina taina (stretched, elongated,
extended) -VT39:7
EMBER yla yla yla yla (smouldering wood) -YUL
EMINENT MAN arto arto arto arto (champion) -Silm:428
EMIT LIGHT faina faina faina faina- -- - -PHAY
EMOTION felm felm felm felm (impulse) -VT41:19
EMPTY lusta lusta lusta lusta (void), cumna cumna cumna cumna -LUS, KUM
ENCHANT luhta luhta luhta luhta- -- -; ENCHANTMENT lc lc lc lc -LUK
ENCLOSURE panda panda panda panda; CIRCULAR
ENCLOSURE corin corin corin corin -PAD, KOR
END (noun) metta metta metta metta, ment ment ment ment, tyel tyel tyel tyel (stem tyeld tyeld tyeld tyeld- as
in the pl. tyeldi tyeldi tyeldi tyeldi, misread as "tyelde" in the printed
Etymologies; see VT45:25), tyelma tyelma tyelma tyelma, telu telu telu telu; THE
ENDING OF THE WORLD Ambar Ambar Ambar Ambar- -- -metta metta metta metta,
ambarmetta ambarmetta ambarmetta ambarmetta; END (vb) tele tele tele tele- -- - (intransitive) (finish -
so in WJ:411 - LT1:267 gives telu telu telu telu-), tyel tyel tyel tyel- -- -
(cease), PUT AN END TO metya metya metya metya- -- -, HAVE SOME
END IN VIEW mna mna mna mna- (desire to go in some
direction, wish to go to a place, make for it) -
LotR:1003/VT44:36, MET, LT1:267, WJ:411,
KYEL/VT45:25, VT39:11
ENDLESS PERIOD oio oio oio oio -UT:317
ENDURANCE voronwi voronwi voronwi voronwi (lasting quality);
ENDURING voronwa voronwa voronwa voronwa (long-lasting), vra vra vra vra
(continuous, lasting), vrima vrima vrima vrima (continuous,
repeated) -BORN, VT45:7
ENEMY cotumo cotumo cotumo cotumo -KOT
ENFOLD vaita vaita vaita vaita- (wrap) -VT46:21, LT1:271
ENGLAND - see FARY.
ENOUGH fara fara fara fara (sufficient). "Enough" as an
adverb is apparently faren faren faren faren. -PHAR, VT46:9
ENQUIRY centa centa centa centa (as in Essecenta Eldarinwa Essecenta Eldarinwa Essecenta Eldarinwa Essecenta Eldarinwa,
probably meaning *"Enquiry into Eldarin Names",
as Tolkien described the work as an "Enquiry
into the origins of Elvish names for Elves"; cf.
also Osanwe Osanwe Osanwe Osanwe- -- -centa centa centa centa, translated "enquiry into the
communication of thought". Another possible
translation of centa centa centa centa may be *"essay".) -MR:415,
VT39:23
ENTRANCE TO HARBOUR lond lond lond lond (road [in
sea], also translated "haven" or "fairway") -
LOD/VT45:28
ENVELOPE (noun) vaiya, vaia vaiya, vaia vaiya, vaia vaiya, vaia (both with
alternative, possibly older [MET] forms in w ww w- -- -). -
WAY
EXPIRE fr fr fr fr- -- - (perf. fri fri fri fri ["has breathed forth"] is
attested; *ifri *ifri *ifri *ifri may be the more usual form) -
MR:250
ERRANT rnen rnen rnen rnen -RAN
ESCAPE (vb) usin usin usin usin (glossed "he escapes" in
LT:251, but in LotR-style Quenya it would have
to mean, if anything, *"I escape" - 1st pers.
aorist); ESCAPE (noun) usw usw usw usw (issue) -LT1:251
*ESSAY see *ENQUIRY.
ESTABLISH tulca tulca tulca tulca- -- - (fix, set up. Note: there is a
homophone meaning "firm, steadfast, strong,
immoveable".) -LT1:270 cf. TULUK
ETERNAL oir oir oir oira a a a -OY
EVENING andn andn andn andn (sunset, west), siny siny siny siny -
MC:222, THIN
EVER oi oi oi oi, voro voro voro voro, vor vor vor vor (continually) (pref. #oio oio oio oio- -- -,
vor vor vor vor- -- -, voro voro voro voro- -- -), EVERWHITE, EVER-SNOW-WHITE
Oioloss Oioloss Oioloss Oioloss (a name for Taniquetil; gen Oiolosso Oiolosso Oiolosso Oiolosso
is attested in Nam, where it has an ablatival
meaning); EVERSUMMER Oiolair Oiolair Oiolair Oiolair,
EVERLASTING oia oia oia oia; vorima vorima vorima vorima; EVERLASTING
[?AGE] (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) oir oir oir oir,
oial oial oial oial; FOR EVER, EVERLASTINGLY oial oial oial oial
(evidently the noun just mentioned used as an
adverb), tennoio tennoio tennoio tennoio, oia oia oia oia (the latter is both adj.
"everlasting" and the adv. *"everlastingly",
according to VT46:8). -OY, UT:458, BOR,
LT1:250/273, Nam/RGEO:67, Silm:429, UT:317

EVERY ilya ilya ilya ilya (each, all of a particular group of
things), mca mca mca mca (a very early "Qenya" word of
doubtful authority) -VT39:20, GL:41
EVERYBODY ilquen ilquen ilquen ilquen; EVERYTHING ilqua ilqua ilqua ilqua. For
"everything" there is also ilu ilu ilu ilu as a word for the
universe: all, the whole; of the universe also
including God and all souls and spirits, which are
not properly included in the term E E E E. -WJ:372,
IL/VT45:24, VT39:20
EVIL (adj.) ulca ulca ulca ulca, ma ma ma ma, ra ra ra ra (nasty), EVILEYED
henulca henulca henulca henulca; EVIL-SMELLING saura saura saura saura ( ) (foul, putrid)
- in one attested compound also #sauri sauri sauri sauri-; see
FOUL. EVIL as noun: ulco ulco ulco ulco (stem ulcu ulcu ulcu ulcu- as in the
ablative ulcullo ulcullo ulcullo ulcullo; pl. "evils" presumably *ulqui ulqui ulqui ulqui);
another version of the relevant text uses ro ro ro ro as
the noun "evil"), FREE FROM EVIL aman aman aman aman (see
BLESSED). -VT43:23-24, SD:68, 72, UGU,
THUS, VT43:23-24, WJ:399
EXALTED ONES Aratar Aratar Aratar Aratar (pl; sg #Arata Arata Arata Arata). The
Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manw,
Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aul, Mandos, Nienna,
and Orom. Aratar Aratar Aratar Aratar is also rendered "High Ones,
The Supreme" -Silm 32/381, WJ:402
EXCEPT hequa hequa hequa hequa (leaving aside, not counting,
excluding) -WJ:364, 365
EXCLUDE hehta hehta hehta hehta- -- - (pa.t. hehtan hehtan hehtan hehtan is given but
abandon, forsake); EXCLUDING hequa hequa hequa hequa (leaving
aside, not counting, except) -WJ:364, 365
EXIST a a a a (is), pa.t. eng eng eng eng -VT39:6, 7, VT43:38
EXPAND palu palu palu palu- -- -, palya palya palya palya- -- - (spread, extend, open
wide); EXPANSIVE palla palla palla palla (wide) -PAL
EXPIRE fr fr fr fr- -- - (originally used of "one sighing or
releasing a deep breath", but also used of Mriel
when she "breathed forth" and died; later used of
the death of mortals. Perf. fri fri fri fri is attested; *ifri ifri ifri ifri
with prefix sundma is probably also a possible
form.) -MR:250
EXTEND palu palu palu palu- -- -, palya palya palya palya- -- - (spread, expand, open
wide); EXTENDED taina taina taina taina (lengthened, stretched,
elongated); EXTENSION tail tail tail tail (lengthening) -
PAL, TAY
EYE hen hen hen hen (hend hend hend hend- -- -) (normal pl. hendi hendi hendi hendi as well as
the dual form #hendu hendu hendu hendu are attested [isolated from
hendumaica hendumaica hendumaica hendumaica, WJ:337]; #hendu hendu hendu hendu would be used of
a natural pair of eyes). SHARP-EYE
hendumaica hendumaica hendumaica hendumaica, EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name
of the pansy) Helinyetill Helinyetill Helinyetill Helinyetill -KHEN-D-E, WJ:337,
LT1:262
EYRIE sornion sornion sornion sornion ( ) (lit. gen.pl "of eagles"?). -
LT1:266. (LT1:251 gives aren aren aren aren, but this is hardly
a valid word in LotR-style Quenya [see EAGLE])

F
FACE anta anta anta anta; SWEET-FACED raina raina raina raina (smiling,
gracious). NOTE: A homophone means "nettled,
enlaced". -ANA, VT44:35
FADE sinta sinta sinta sinta- -- - ( ) (pa.t. sintan sintan sintan sintan is given, though it
seems perfectly regular), fir fir fir fir- -- - (die), fifru fifru fifru fifru- -- - ("slowly
fade away", frequentative form of fir fir fir fir- -- -; the
participal form fifrula fifrula fifrula fifrula is attested); FADING quell quell quell quell
(In the Calendar of Imladris, quell quell quell quell was a
precisely defined period of 54 days in late
autumn. Also called lasselanta lasselanta lasselanta lasselanta; see AUTUMN.) -
THIN, MC:222/223, LotR:1141
FARY Inwilis Inwilis Inwilis Inwilis, Inw Inw Inw Inwinr inr inr inr (another gloss,
"England", was struck out) -LT1:256
FAINT nca nca nca nca (vague, dim to see) -MC:222/223
FAIR vanima vanima vanima vanima (beautiful, proper, right), van van van van,
melima melima melima melima, linda linda linda linda (the latter = fair/beautiful of sound,
VT45:27); FAIR FOLK Vanimo Vanimo Vanimo Vanimo (pl. Vanimor Vanimor Vanimor Vanimor is
given but seems perfectly regular; the word is
said to apply to the "children of the Valar").
FAIR-MINDED faila faila faila faila (generous, just), NOT FAIR
vanima vanima vanima vanima (ugly) FAIRWAY lond lond lond lond (road in sea). -
BAN/VT39:14, LT1:272, MEL, SLIN, PM:352,
VT39:14, VT45:28
FAITHFUL voronda voronda voronda voronda, vr vr vr vrima ima ima ima (steadfast) -
UT:317, LT1:250
FALL (vb) lanta lanta lanta lanta- -- - (pres. pl. lantar lantar lantar lantar, pl. past
lantaner lantaner lantaner lantaner and part. #lantala #lantala #lantala #lantala are attested); FALL
(noun) lanta lanta lanta lanta or #lant lant lant lant. (The first of these words
occurs in the compound lasselanta lasselanta lasselanta lasselanta "leaf-fall,
Autumn", while #lant lant lant lant is isolated from Noldolant Noldolant Noldolant Noldolant
"the Fall of the Noldor". From these examples it
appears that a lanta lanta lanta lanta is a physical fall, while a
lant lant lant lant is a moral fall. Perhaps the latter word can
also be applied to a military defeat, as in "the fall
of Gondolin".) THE FALLEN (= Nmenor)
Atalant Atalant Atalant Atalant -DAT/DANT/MC:222, Nam, SD:246,
LT1:254, Silm:102/414, TALT
FALLOW marya marya marya marya (fawn, pale), malwa malwa malwa malwa (pale) -
MAD, SMAL
FAMILIAR moina moina moina moina (dear) -MOY
FAMILY noss noss noss noss (clan, "house"), nr nr nr nr, - -- -nor nor nor nor (land,
country, dwelling-place, nation, native land) -N,
LT1:272

FANE yna yna yna yna (holy place, sanctuary) -YAN
FANG carca carca carca carca (tooth, tusk) -Silm:429, LT2:344
FAR haira haira haira haira, eccaira eccaira eccaira eccaira, avahaira avahaira avahaira avahaira; FAR AWAY (adj)
vahaia vahaia vahaia vahaia (or (a aa a)vahya vahya vahya vahya, VT45:21), FAR AWAY,
FAR OFF (adv.) hya hya hya hya; FAR AND WIDE palan palan palan palan (or
"wide, over a wide space, to a distance",
VT45:21), FAR-SEER palantir palantir palantir palantir, "FAR-
WANDERER" (the name of a ship) Palarran Palarran Palarran Palarran -
KHAYA, SD:247, Silm:435, TIR, UT:460
FAREWELL namri namri namri namri -Nam
FARMER nandor nandor nandor nandor (perhaps obsolete in LotR-
style Quenya, clashing with the name of the
Nandor Nandor Nandor Nandor, a tribe of Elves) -LT1:261
FASTEN #tac tac tac tac- (listed as tac tac tac tac, 3rd pers. sg.
aorist), pa.t. tanc tanc tanc tanc. -TAK
FAT (adj.) tiuca tiuca tiuca tiuca (thick), lra lra lra lra (rich); GROW FAT
tiuya tiuya tiuya tiuya- -- - (swell). FAT (noun) lar lar lar lar (also used =
riches), larma larma larma larma (the latter possibly "pig-fat"; the
first part of the gloss is not certainly legible in
Tolkien's manuscript. Another gloss of larma larma larma larma is
"flesh".) -TIW, VT45:26
FATE umbar umbar umbar umbar (umbart umbart umbart umbart-) (doom; the form amarto amarto amarto amarto
in LT2:348 is no doubt obsolete, but ambar ambar ambar ambar from
the same source may be a valid word also in
LotR-style Quenya - see DOOM), marto marto marto marto (fortune,
lot); manar manar manar manar, mand mand mand mand (doom, final end, fortune
[usually = final bliss]); FATED marta marta marta marta (which
adjective also seems to be the noun "fate" in
later sources; see VT45:33, VT46:13). -
MBARAT/LotR:1157, MANAD, VT45:33/VT46:12
FATHER atar atar atar atar (pl. atari atari atari atari in Etym, though the pl.
form #atri atri atri atri occurs as part of the compound
Atanatri Atanatri Atanatri Atanatri). Dative ataren ataren ataren ataren is attested (VT43:36-
37). The final version of the Lord's Prayer
(VT43:12, 13) has #tar tar tar tar with a long initial vowel
(taremma taremma taremma taremma "our father"); this #tar tar tar tar may
incorporate the vocative particle a aa a (*a Atar a Atar a Atar a Atar "o
Father" > #tar tar tar tar). FATHER OF ALL Ilvatar Ilvatar Ilvatar Ilvatar
(God) -Silm:428, 229/ATA/LT1:255, VT44:16,
Silm:404/UT:446, VT43:37
FATHOM rangw rangw rangw rangw -RAK
FAWN marya marya marya marya (fallow, pale) -MAD
FAY OF THE COUNTRY nandin nandin nandin nandin (dryad), FAY
OF THE MEADS Nermi Nermi Nermi Nermi (pl. Nermir Nermir Nermir Nermir is attested)
(field-spirit) -LT1:261, 262
FANOR Fanro Fanro Fanro Fanro (Spirit of Fire) -
Silm:397/435, MR:217
FEAR (noun) caur caur caur caur; FEAR (vb) #ruc ruc ruc ruc- (the 1st
person aorist rucin rucin rucin rucin is glossed "I feel fear or
horror", constructed with "from" of the object
feared, e.g. *rucin Orcollon rucin Orcollon rucin Orcollon rucin Orcollon "I fear Orcs") -
LT1:257, WJ:415
FEAST meren meren meren meren (merend merend merend merend- -- -), merend merend merend merend (festival);
FESTIVE merya merya merya merya -MBER
FEATHER quess quess quess quess -KWES, LotR:1157
FEBRUARY Nnim Nnim Nnim Nnim (Amillion Amillion Amillion Amillion in LT1:249 is
hardly a valid word in LotR-style Quenya.) -
LotR:1144
FEEL FEAR OR HORROR #ruc ruc ruc ruc- (cited in
source as rucin rucin rucin rucin, 1st pers. aorist), constructed
with "from" of the object feared. -WJ:415
FELL (adj) aica aica aica aica (sharp, terrible, dire). -PM:347
FELL (noun) helma helma helma helma (skin) -SKEL
FEMALE (noun) n n n n, FEMALE (adj.) inya inya inya inya,
inimeit inimeit inimeit inimeit (pl. probably *inimeisi inimeisi inimeisi inimeisi; cf. HANDED,
LEAPING, WINDY) -INI
FENCED FIELD peler peler peler peler, FENCING OR
DEFENSIVE HEIGHTS Pelri Pelri Pelri Pelri -PEL(ES), WJ:403
FESTIVAL asar asar asar asar (Vanyarin athar athar athar athar) (fixed time),
meren meren meren meren (merend merend merend merend- -- -), merend merend merend merend (feast); FESTIVE
merya merya merya merya -WJ:399, MBER
FETCH tulta tulta tulta tulta- (send for, summon) -TUL
FEY marta marta marta marta (fated) -MBARAT
FIELD (sown field) resta resta resta resta (acre). FIELD-SPIRIT
Nermi Nermi Nermi Nermi (pl. Nermir Nermir Nermir Nermir is attested) (fay of the meads) -
VT46:11 cf. RED, LT1:262
FIERY uruit uruit uruit uruit, ruva ruva ruva ruva (The stem from which
these words are derived was struck out in Etym.
However, several words that must be derived
from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that
Tolkien restored it. LT1:248 also gives sra sra sra sra
"fiery", but this word is probably obsoleted by
sra sra sra sra "bitter" in Etym.) -UR
FIGHT mahta mahta mahta mahta- -- - (wield a weapon) -MAK
FILL quat quat quat quat- -- - (fut #quantuva quantuva quantuva quantuva is attested in
enquantuva enquantuva enquantuva enquantuva, "will refill") -WJ:392, Nam; cf.
KWAT
FINAL tyelima tyelima tyelima tyelima, mtima mtima mtima mtima (ultimate, last); FINAL
END mande mande mande mande, manar manar manar manar (fortune, bliss, fate), telda telda telda telda
(last) -MC:222 cf. 215, MANAD, WJ:411
FINARFIN Arafinw Arafinw Arafinw Arafinw -MR:230
FIND #hir hir hir hir- -- - (only fut hiruva hiruva hiruva hiruva is attested), #tuv #tuv #tuv #tuv-
(only perf #utvi utvi utvi utvi is attested [with pronominal
endings: utvienyes utvienyes utvienyes utvienyes "I have found it"]). It is
difficult to say what distintion in meaning there
may be between these words (if any at all); the
verb #tuv tuv tuv tuv- is evidently the same as tuvu tuvu tuvu tuvu- in
GL:71, there glossed "receive". -Nam/RGEO:67,
LotR:1008
FINE tereva tereva tereva tereva (acute, piercing); FINE PIERCED
HOLE terra terra terra terra -TER, VT46:18
FINE RAIN ross ross ross ross (dew, spray) -ROS cf.
Letters:282
FINGER leper leper leper leper (pl. leperi leperi leperi leperi given). In an earlier
source, the Etymologies, Tolkien gave the
Quenya word for "finger" as leps leps leps leps (possibly with
stem lepsi lepsi lepsi lepsi-, as indicated by the deleted ancestral
form lepti, see VT45:27). FINGERED #lepta #lepta #lepta #lepta
(isolated from raccalepta raccalepta raccalepta raccalepta "clawfingered") PICK
(UP, OUT) WITH THE FINGERS lepta lepta lepta lepta- -
VT44:16/VT45:27, LEP, SD:68, 72

FINGOLFIN Nolofinw Nolofinw Nolofinw Nolofinw -PM:344 (In the source,,
Nolofinw Nolofinw Nolofinw Nolofinw is spelt with initial , that is, ng ng ng ng. Initial
ng ng ng ng had become n n n n in Third Age Quenya, and I
follow the spelling of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if this word is written in
Tengwar, the initial n n n n should be transcribed with
the letter noldo noldo noldo noldo, not nmen nmen nmen nmen.)
FINGON Findecno Findecno Findecno Findecno -PM:345
FINISH (vb) tele tele tele tele- -- - (intransitive) (end) (so in
WJ:411 - LT1:267 gives telu telu telu telu-) telya telya telya telya- -- - (transitive)
(wind up, conclude). Cf. also telma telma telma telma "conclusion,
anything used to finish off a work or affair", "often
applied to the last item in a structure, such as a
coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle." FINISH
(noun) telu telu telu telu -WJ:411, LT1:267
FINROD Findarto Findarto Findarto Findarto -Silm:428/PM:346
FIRE r r r r (the stem from which this word is
derived was struck out in Etym. However,
several words that must be derived from this
stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien
restored it. But a more usual word for "fire" is
apparently nr nr nr nr, nr nr nr nr , which appear [with the
masculine ending - -- -o oo o] in the following names:)
SPIRIT OF FIRE Fanro Fanro Fanro Fanro (Fanor), FELL FIRE
Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro (Sharp Flame, Aegnor) (so in Silm:435;
MR:323 has Aicanr Aicanr Aicanr Aicanr). LT1:265 has s s s s "fire",
poetic form sai sai sai sai, also sairin sairin sairin sairin "fiery"; cf. also S S S Sya ya ya ya
"the fire-fay" in GL:66. LT:271 has the following
"fire"-words: FIRE uru uru uru uru, FIERY uruvoit uruvoit uruvoit uruvoit, ON FIRE
urwa urwa urwa urwa, LIKE FIRE urva urva urva urva. Cf. also FIREWOOD
turu turu turu turu (but the word was also used of wood in
general). BOWL OF FIRE tanyasalp tanyasalp tanyasalp tanyasalp (evindently
#tanya tanya tanya tanya "fire" + #salp salp salp salp "bowl") -UR/VT46:20,
Silm:397, MR:217, LT1:265, 270, 271, 292
FIRM tulca tulca tulca tulca (strong, immovable, steadfast; Note:
there is a homophone verb meaning "fix, set up,
establish"), tulunca tulunca tulunca tulunca (steady), sanda sanda sanda sanda (true,
abiding), tanca tanca tanca tanca (fixed, sure) -TULUK, LT1:270,
STAN, TAK
FIRST minya minya minya minya (cf. Minyar Minyar Minyar Minyar "Firsts", the first clan
among the Elves), inga inga inga inga, *yesta *yesta *yesta *yesta; FIRSTBORN (=
the Elves) Minnnar Minnnar Minnnar Minnnar, sg. #Minnna Minnna Minnna Minnna. (*Yesta *Yesta *Yesta *Yesta is
emended from the actual reading esta esta esta esta; see
BEGINNING. For FIRSTBORN, Etym has
Estanessi Estanessi Estanessi Estanessi, which would similarly become
*Yestanessi *Yestanessi *Yestanessi *Yestanessi, but this word is propably obsoleted
by the later [TLT] form Minnnar Minnnar Minnnar Minnnar. Writers should
use the latter word.) FIRST-BEGOTTEN Minyon Minyon Minyon Minyon
(a personal name. The element yon yon yon yon, translated
"begotten", may be a reduced form of yondo yondo yondo yondo
"son". Alternatively, and perhaps more likely,
Minyon Minyon Minyon Minyon may be the adjective minya minya minya minya "first" turned
into a masculine name by adding the masculine
ending - -- -on on on on. In that case, the literal meaning is
simply *"First One". But it is possible that on on on on is
actually derived from the stem O OO ONO NO NO NO "beget", and
that "First-begotten" really is the literal meaning.)
-MIN/Silm:434/WJ:420, ING, ESE, WJ:403
FISH lingw lingw lingw lingw (stem *lingwi lingwi lingwi lingwi-) (perhaps the
general word, as opposed to hala hala hala hala), SMALL FISH
hala hala hala hala, "FISH-WATCHER" (i.e., kingsfisher, a bird)
halatir halatir halatir halatir (halatirn halatirn halatirn halatirn- -- -) or halatirno halatirno halatirno halatirno -LIW, SKAL2, TIR
FIST qur qur qur qur (often used to mean "hand"). (In
compounds - -- -quar quar quar quar: Telperinquar Telperinquar Telperinquar Telperinquar = Sindarin
Celebrimbor, "Silver-Fist, Hand of Silver". The
first version of the stem KWAR yielded qur qur qur qur pl.
quari quari quari quari.) -KWAR, Silm:429/387
FIT (adj.) mra mra mra mra (useful, good); TO (MAKE) FIT
camta camta camta camta- (sic; the cluster mt mt mt mt seems unusual for
Quenya, and while the source does not explicitly
say that this word is Quenya, it is difficult to
understand what other language could be
intended) (suit, accomosate, adapt) -MAG,
VT44:14
FIVE lemp lemp lemp lemp -LEP/GL:53
FIX panya panya panya panya- -- - (set), tulca tulca tulca tulca- -- - (establish, set up. Note:
there is a homophone adjective meaning "firm,
steadfast, strong, immoveable"); FIXED tanca tanca tanca tanca
(sure, firm); BE FIXED mar mar mar mar- -- - (abide, be settled).
FIXED TIME asar asar asar asar (-th th th th-, Vanyarin athar athar athar athar) (festival),
FIXED IDEA see IDEA -PAN, LT1:270 cf.
TULUK, TAK, UT:317, WJ:399
FLAG ambal ambal ambal ambal (shaped stone) -MBAL
FLAME nr nr nr nr, nr nr nr nr, velca velca velca velca; SHARP-FLAME
Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanr Aicanr Aicanr Aicanr),
(Aegnor, Fell Fire), RED FLAME rnya rnya rnya rnya; HEART
OF FLAME Naira Naira Naira Naira (a name of the Sun), FLAME-
COLOURED culina culina culina culina, culda culda culda culda (golden-red) -NAR
1
,
LT1:260, Silm:437, MR:198, KUL
FLAT lra lra lra lra -DAL
FLEECE u u u u -LT1:249
FLASHING OR [?STARRY] LIGHT l l l l -
VT45:12
FLESH hrv hrv hrv hrv, larma larma larma larma (the latter also = "[?pig-
]fat"; the first part of the gloss is not certainly
legible), sarco sarco sarco sarco; FLESHY sarqua sarqua sarqua sarqua -MR:349,
VT45:26, LT2:347
FLINTHEARTED sincahonda sincahonda sincahonda sincahonda -LotR:1015 cf.
SD:68, 72
?FLINTSTONE #sinca #sinca #sinca #sinca (isolated from sincahonda sincahonda sincahonda sincahonda
"flinthearted") -LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72
FLOAT lutu lutu lutu lutu- -- - (LT1:273 has wili wili wili wili- -- - "sail, float, fly",
but see FLY.) -LT1:249
FLOOD (tide), celum celum celum celum (stream, flow, flowing),
ulund ulund ulund ulund, lto lto lto lto; FLOODING (adj) la la la la (flowing,
pouring) -ULU, KEL/MC:223, LT1:249
FLOOR talan talan talan talan (#talam talam talam talam-, as in pl. talami talami talami talami)
(ground); PAVED FLOOR paca paca paca paca (court) -TAL,
GL:63
FLOUR por por por por (stem *pori pori pori pori-) (meal) -POR
FLOURISH (noun) rinc rinc rinc rinc (stem *rinci rinci rinci rinci-) (quick
stroke) -RIK, VT46:11 (the latter source

indicating that the proper reading is "quick
stroke", not "quick shake" as in the Etymologies
as printed in LR)
FLOW (vb) sir sir sir sir- -- -, lutta lutta lutta lutta- -- -, lutu lutu lutu lutu- -- -; FLOW, FLOWING
(noun) celum celum celum celum (stream, flood); FLOWING (adj)
la la la la (flooding, pouring), srima srima srima srima (liquid). -SIR,
LT1:249, KEL/MC:223, LT1:265
FLOWER (large and single) lt lt lt lt (often -lot lot lot lot in
compounds). (The word lt lt lt lt is usually applied to
a large, single flower. From *ambalots ambalots ambalots ambalots
"uprising-flower" [q.v.] #lots lots lots lots can be isolated; this
may be the more general word for "flower".)
FLOWER OF THE WEST (a floral design)
Nmellte Nmellte Nmellte Nmellte. Cf. also indil indil indil indil, "lily, or other large
single flower". PUT FORTH LEAVES OR
FLOWERS *lohta lohta lohta lohta- -- - (emended from the actual
reading lokta lokta lokta lokta because Tolkien later decided that
kt kt kt kt became ht ht ht ht in Quenya) (sprout) -LOT(H),
LT1:259, WJ:318, UT:227, 458, WJ:399, LT:258
FLUTE simpa simpa simpa simpa, simpina simpina simpina simpina (pipe); FLUTER
timpinen timpinen timpinen timpinen -LT1:266, 268
FLUTTERING TO AND FRO wilwa wilwa wilwa wilwa -MC:223
FLY #wil wil wil wil- (cited in source as wilin wilin wilin wilin "I fly", 1st
pers. aorist), pa.t. will will will will (cf. wili wili wili wili- -- - "sail, float, fly" in
LT1:273). In exilic Quenya, read v vv v- for w ww w- in
these words. FLY TO (i.e. "escape to") #ruc ruc ruc ruc- (+
allative, e.g. *rucin i orontinnar rucin i orontinnar rucin i orontinnar rucin i orontinnar "I fly to the
mountains"; the verb ruc ruc ruc ruc- otherwise means
"fear", constructed with "from" of the object
feared); FLY OR STREAM IN THE WIND hlapu hlapu hlapu hlapu-
(part. hlpula hlpula hlpula hlpula is attested), FLYING rimpa rimpa rimpa rimpa
(rushing); SEND FLYING horta horta horta horta- -- - -WIL, VT44:7,
MC:223, RIP, KHOR
FOAM (vb) falasta falasta falasta falasta- -- - (part. falastala falastala falastala falastala is attested);
FOAM (noun) fall fall fall fall, winga winga winga winga (spray), wing wing wing wing (wingi wingi wingi wingi-)
(crest [of wave], spindrift). -MC:222/223, PHAL,
WIG, LT1:273
FOG hs hs hs hs ( ) (hsi hsi hsi hsi-) (mist. Note: a homophone
means "dusk"), hisw hisw hisw hisw, hui hui hui hui (murk, dark, night) -
KHIS, LT1:253
FOIL (plant) asa asa asa asa -LotR:899
FOLIAGE olassi olassi olassi olassi (collection of leaves), farn farn farn farn
(archaic fazn fazn fazn fazn). Note that farn farn farn farn is also the pa.t.
of farya farya farya farya- as well as a word for "dwelling", so
olassi olassi olassi olassi is the less ambiguous term. -Letters:282,
VT46:9
FOLK hos hos hos hos -LT2:340
FOLLOW hilya hilya hilya hilya- -- - FOLLOWER neuro neuro neuro neuro;
FOLLOWERS (an Elvish name of Men) Hildor Hildor Hildor Hildor,
Hildi Hildi Hildi Hildi (unattested sg #Hildo #Hildo #Hildo #Hildo; dative pl hildin hildin hildin hildin is
attested; cf also Hildinyar Hildinyar Hildinyar Hildinyar "my heirs" in Elendil's
Oath). -KHIL/Silm:116/122/403, FS/WJ:387,
LotR:1003, 1004
FOOD (cooked) apsa apsa apsa apsa -AP
FOOT tl tl tl tl (tal tal tal tal- -- -) (These forms probably obsolete
tala tala tala tala pl talwi talwi talwi talwi in LT2:347.) FOOTPRINT runya runya runya runya
(slot) -TAL, RUN
FOR an an an an (Nam: an s...Varda...mryat...ortan an s...Varda...mryat...ortan an s...Varda...mryat...ortan an s...Varda...mryat...ortan,
"for now...Varda...has uplifted her hands". Note:
an an an an is also glossed "to, till".) English "for" meaning
"for the benefit of" will often be rendered by the
dative ending -n nn n (pl -in in in in); e.g. nin nin nin nin "for me". As for
"for" meaning "on behalf of", see BEHALF. -Nam
FORBID #vquet vquet vquet vquet- -- - (refuse, say no) (1st pers. sg
aorist and past vquetin vquetin vquetin vquetin, vquenten vquenten vquenten vquenten are given in
source), avaquet avaquet avaquet avaquet- (refuse) (pa.t. is no doubt
*avaquent avaquent avaquent avaquent; cf. quet quet quet quet- -- - under SAY) -WJ:370,
KWET
FORCE (= pressure to do something against
one's will or conscience) sahti sahti sahti sahti ( ) (pressure) -
VT43:22
#FORD tarna tarna tarna tarna (This gloss is isolated from
Taruktarna Taruktarna Taruktarna Taruktarna "Oxford", q.v. Tolkien glossed tarna tarna tarna tarna
as "crossing, passage") -LT1:347
FOREIGN ettela ettela ettela ettela ("ettelen" in the printed
Etymologies is probably a misreading; see
VT45:12); FOREIGN PARTS ettel ettel ettel ettel (outer lands)
(but the Quenya word is singular) -ET, VT45:12
FORESIGHT *apacen apacen apacen apacen (lit. *"after-sight", a vision
of something that will come after the present. In
MR:216, apaceny apaceny apaceny apaceny is translated "foresight"; yet
the context and the form of the word itself clearly
indicates that it is actually the pl. form of an
adjective #apacenya apacenya apacenya apacenya "of foresight". The noun
"foresight" is almost certainly *apacen apacen apacen apacen; cf. tercen tercen tercen tercen
"insight".) -MR:216
FOREST taur taur taur taur ([great] wood) (pl. tauri tauri tauri tauri is
attested), tauno tauno tauno tauno, mlos mlos mlos mlos (the two latter may not be
valid words in Tolkien's later Quenya) -
TAWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf 215/VT39:7,
LT2:342, LT1:267
FORGE - LT1:250 gives tamin tamin tamin tamin, but this verb is
probably obsoleted by tamin tamin tamin tamin "I tap" in Etym.
FORGIVE #avatyar avatyar avatyar avatyar- (imperative avatyara avatyara avatyara avatyara and
the pl. aorist avatyarir avatyarir avatyarir avatyarir are attested). The matter
that is forgiven is the direct object, whereas the
person that is forgiven appears in the ablative
case: avatyara me avatyara me avatyara me avatyara mello llo llo llo lucassemmar lucassemmar lucassemmar lucassemmar, "forgive us
[lit. from us] our debts". This verb #avatyar avatyar avatyar avatyar-
occurs in certain versions of Tolkien's Quenya
rendering of the Lord's Prayer; in the latest
version he introduced the verb apsene apsene apsene apsene- "remit,
release, forgive" instead, with a slightly different
syntax: the matter forgiven is still the direct
object, but the person forgiven now appears in
the dative case. The exact etymology of apsene apsene apsene apsene-
is somewhat obscure; the prefix ap ap ap ap- is apparently
derived from a root AB- in a meaning which
Tolkien according to other sources abandoned
(see VT43:18-19); also, it is unclear whether the

final -e ee e of apsene apsene apsene apsene- is just the connecting vowel of
the aorist (before endings we would rather
expect *apseni apseni apseni apseni-) or an integral part of the verbal
stem, which would make this an "E-stem" verb
otherwise hardly attested. The verb apsene apsene apsene apsene- is
once attested with the object ending -t tt t "them"
attached: apsenet apsenet apsenet apsenet "[as we] forgive them". The
alternative verb #avatyar avatyar avatyar avatyar- is for many reasons
less problematic and may be preferred by
writers. -VT43:8, 9, 18-20
FORLORN na na na na (deprived of, destitute) -
VT39:14
FORM car car car car- -- - (make, q.v.) -WJ:391
FORMER, THE yara yara yara yara (that); FORMER DAYS
yr yr yr yr; FORMER TIMES yalm yalm yalm yalm; FORMERLY y y y y
(ago), BELONGING TO OR DESCENDING
FROM FORMER TIMES yra yra yra yra (ancient, old) -YA
FORSAKE hehta hehta hehta hehta- -- - (pa.t. hehtan hehtan hehtan hehtan is given but
exclude, abandon); FORSAKEN ELVES see
EGLATH. ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY
FRIENDS hecil hecil hecil hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo hecilo hecilo hecilo
m. and hecil hecil hecil hecil f.) (waif, outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365
FORT arta arta arta arta (fortress) (Note: arta arta arta arta also means
"across, athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR)
FORTH et et et et- -- - (prefix) (out) -ET
FORTRESS arta arta arta arta (fort) (Note: arta arta arta arta also means
"across, athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR)
FORTUNE (good) alma alma alma alma (weal, wealth); mand mand mand mand,
manar manar manar manar (final end, doom, fate); heren heren heren heren
(governance, what is in store for one or what one
has in store); marto marto marto marto (fate, lot); FORTUNATE
herenya herenya herenya herenya (wealthy, blessed, rich) -GALA,
MAN/MANAD, KHER, LT2:348
FOUL saura saura saura saura ( ) (evil-smelling, putrid); in
compounds sauri sauri sauri sauri- -- - as in FOULBELLIED
sauricumba sauricumba sauricumba sauricumba. The latter form may indicate that
this adjective also appears in an alternative form
*saur saur saur saur, sauri sauri sauri sauri-. -THUS, SD:68, 72
FOUNDATION talma talma talma talma (base, root) -TAL
FOUNTAIN ehtel ehtel ehtel ehtel (issue of water, spring).The
actual reading in LT1 and LT2 is ektel ektel ektel ektel, but
Tolkien later decided that kt kt kt kt became ht ht ht ht in
Quenya. The new form of the word is attested in
Silm. LT also gives the form kektel kektel kektel kektel, that would
likewise become *cehtel *cehtel *cehtel *cehtel.) -LT1:257, LT2:338
FOUR canta canta canta canta, (prefix:) can can can can- -- - -KANT, VT45:18
FOX rusco rusco rusco rusco (stem ruscu ruscu ruscu ruscu-, pl. rusqui rusqui rusqui rusqui) -PM:353,
VT41:10
FREE (adj.) lra lra lra lra, aranya aranya aranya aranya (not to be confused
with aranya aranya aranya aranya *"my king"; the shorter form ranya ranya ranya ranya
also cited must not be confused with the verb
"stray, wander"), mirima mirima mirima mirima (of a person, as
opposed to:) latin latin latin latin, latina latina latina latina (open, cleared [of
land]), lerina lerina lerina lerina ("free" of things in the sense of "not
guarded, reserved, made fast, or 'owned'",
VT41:5), Cf. also lehta lehta lehta lehta "free, released". FREE
ELEMENT (a term for "vowel") #lehta tengw lehta tengw lehta tengw lehta tengw
(only pl. lehta tengwi lehta tengwi lehta tengwi lehta tengwi is attested; we would rather
expect *leht tengwi leht tengwi leht tengwi leht tengwi). (A word fair fair fair fair "free" is
mentioned in LT1:250, but may be obsolete:
several other meanings are attributed to this
word in later writings [see DEATH, PHANTOM,
RADIANCE]. However, fairi fairi fairi fairi "freedom" does not
clash with later words.) FREE FROM EVIL aman aman aman aman
(see BLESSED) -VT41:5, VT46:10, MIS, LAT,
VT39:17, WJ:399
FREE (verb) rna rna rna rna- (see DELIVER); SET FREE
lerya lerya lerya lerya- (release, let go), sen sen sen sen- (let go, let loose) -
VT43:23, VT41:5, 6, VT43:18
FREEZE niqu niqu niqu niqu- -- - ("it is cold, it freezes"). LT1:254
gives hilcin hilcin hilcin hilcin "it freezes", but in LotR-style Quenya
this will have to mean, if anything, "I freeze" (1st
pers. aorist). -WJ:417, LT1:254
FREQUENT rimba rimba rimba rimba -RIM
FRESH venya venya venya venya, archaic wenya wenya wenya wenya (yellow-green,
green), virya virya virya virya; FRESHNESS vn vn vn vn, wn wn wn wn (youth,
greenness) -GWEN, VT46:22
FRESHLET celuss celuss celuss celuss (water falling out swiftly
from a rocky spring) -UT:426
FRIEND mlo mlo mlo mlo, meldo meldo meldo meldo (pl meldor meldor meldor meldor is attested).
Apparently meldo meldo meldo meldo is a masculine form,
corresponding to feminine #meld meld meld meld (cf. meldenya meldenya meldenya meldenya
*"my friend" in the Elaine inscription, Tolkien
here referring to Elaine Griffiths). Other words for
"friend": nildo nildo nildo nildo (m.), nild nild nild nild (f.), sermo sermo sermo sermo, seron seron seron seron (m.),
serm serm serm serm (f.), - -- -ser ser ser ser (final element in compounds), - -- -
(n nn n)dil dil dil dil (final element in compounds, e.g. Elendil Elendil Elendil Elendil,
Anardil Anardil Anardil Anardil, Valandil Valandil Valandil Valandil - sometimes translated "lover"
rather than "friend". When the first part of the
compound ends in l ll l, n nn n, or r rr r, the n n n n of - -- -ndil ndil ndil ndil is left
out).The final element -ndil ndil ndil ndil also appears in the
variant form -nil nil nil nil and with the longer forms -nildo nildo nildo nildo,
-dildo dildo dildo dildo (VT46:4). FRIENDLY nilda nilda nilda nilda (lovely),
FRIENDSHIP nilm nilm nilm nilm -MEL, WJ:412 cf. VT45:34,
NIL, SER, Letters:386
FROM: Independent Quenya prepositons for
"from" include ho ho ho ho and va va va va, var var var var; however, English
"from" will often be rendered using the ablative
case, endings - -- -llo llo llo llo, pl - -- -llon llon llon llon or - -- -llor llor llor llor, dual - -- -lto lto lto lto, e.g.
Erello Erello Erello Erello *"from the Sea". The preposition et et et et "forth,
out" may also express "out" and is combined
with the ablative case to express "out from", "out
of". -3O, VT43:20, 24, LotR:1003, VT44:35
FROST nix nix nix nix, ringw ringw ringw ringw (rime), FROST-
PATTERNS niquis niquis niquis niquis, niquess niquess niquess niquess (the latter by
association with quess quess quess quess "feather") -WJ:417,
LT1:265
FROZEN halcin halcin halcin halcin -LT1:254
FRUIT yv yv yv yv (so in Etym, Silm:439, and
VT43:31; LT1:273 has yva yva yva yva, whereas yava yava yava yava
appears in VT43:31). BEAR FRUIT yavin yavin yavin yavin (which

must mean *"I bear fruit", stem #yav yav yav yav- -- -. Tolkien
often employs the 1st person aorist when
mentioning a verb in his wordlists.) -YAB,
LT1:273
FULL quanta quanta quanta quanta (+ genitive to express "full of", as
in quanta E quanta E quanta E quanta Eruann ruann ruann ruanno oo o "full of grace", VT43:28);
FULL TO THE BRIM, WITH MOUTH FULL
penquanta penquanta penquanta penquanta ("pe), FULLY aqua aqua aqua aqua (completely,
altogether, wholly); FULL WRITING (= writing
with separate symbols for vowels) quanta sarm quanta sarm quanta sarm quanta sarm,
FULL STOP (in Tengwar punctuation a dot
placed under a consonant to indicate that it is not
followed by a vowel, VT46:10, 33) pusta pusta pusta pusta (stop),
FULL SIGN #quanta tengw quanta tengw quanta tengw quanta tengw (only pl. quant quant quant quant
tengwi tengwi tengwi tengwi is attested). In early Elvish analysis of
Quenya, this was the term for a consonant + a
vowel (this was analyzed as a kind of unitary
phoneme rather than two phonemes; hence a
stem like mata- "eat" was analyzed as two
quant tengwi: ma + ta). -KWAT/VT43:28,
VT39:11, WJ:392, VT39:8, PUS
FUNGUS hwan hwan hwan hwan (hwand hwand hwand hwand-, as in pl. hwandi hwandi hwandi hwandi)
(sponge) -SWAD
G
GALADRIEL Altariel Altariel Altariel Altariel (Altariel Altariel Altariel Altariell ll l- -- -; gen. Altariello Altariello Altariello Altariello is
attested. Altariel Altariel Altariel Altariel is the form used in Noldorin
Quenya, Galadriel's own mother-tongue; the
Telerin form is Alatriel Alatriel Alatriel Alatriel [UT:266]. According to
PM:347, the true Quenya equivalent of the
Telerin form would have been altariel altariel altariel altariel, but this
form was apparently not used.) -Silm:433,
RGEO:66
GAME tyali tyali tyali tyali (sport, play) -TYAL/LT1:260
GANDALF Olrin Olrin Olrin Olrin (his name in Valinor, derived
from a stem meaning "dream" - not an actual
translation of "Gandalf", meaning "Elf of the
Wand", a name he was given by people who did
not know that he was actually a Maia.) -
LotR:391, UT:396 cf. 391
GAOL #mando mando mando mando (isolated from Angamando Angamando Angamando Angamando
"Iron-Gaol"; mando mando mando mando is also defined as "safe
keeping"). -MR:350
GAP fs fs fs fs (gulf) -GL:36
GARLAND ra ra ra ra (wreathe); MAIDEN CROWNED
WITH A FESTIVAL GARLAND riell riell riell riell -PM:347
GASH ciriss ciriss ciriss ciriss (slash), hyats hyats hyats hyats (cleft) -KIRIS,
SYAD
GATE ando ando ando ando; GREAT GATE andon andon andon andon (pl andondi andondi andondi andondi).
(LT1:264 has osto osto osto osto "the gates of the Sun" and
Ostor Ostor Ostor Ostor "East", but in Tolkien's later Quenya osto osto osto osto
means "town" or "fortress".) -AD, LotR:1157,
LT1:264
GATHER hosta hosta hosta hosta- -- - (collect, assemble);
GATHERING (of three or more coming from
different directions) yomeni yomeni yomeni yomeni (meeting) -MC:223,
WJ:407
GENEROUS faila faila faila faila (fair-minded, just) -PM:352
GENTLE milya milya milya milya (soft, weak) (Note: milya milya milya milya- is also
a verb "long for"), moica moica moica moica (soft), GENTLE
BREEZE vl vl vl vl -VT45:34, GL:58, LT1:273
GET net net net net- (pa.t. nent nent nent nent given) - QL:66
GET LOW (of the Sun) nmeta nmeta nmeta nmeta- -- -, nmenda nmenda nmenda nmenda- -- - -
LT1:263
GERM erd erd erd erd (seed. Note: a homophone means
"person".) -ERD
GESTURE-CODE hwerm hwerm hwerm hwerm -WJ:395, VT39:5
GIANT (noun) norsa norsa norsa norsa ( ) (see also MONSTER),
hanaco hanaco hanaco hanaco -NOROTH, VT45:21
GIFT anna anna anna anna; LAND OF GIFT (a name of
Nmenor) Andor Andor Andor Andor (haplology of *Annandor Annandor Annandor Annandor),
DEAR GIFT (the meaning of Melian's name)
Melyanna Melyanna Melyanna Melyanna, GIFT OF GOD, see GRACE. -ANA,
Silm:313, 434
GIMILZR Telemnar Telemnar Telemnar Telemnar -UT:223
GIMLET teret teret teret teret (auger) -LT1:255
GIRDLE #lesta lesta lesta lesta (isolated from #Lestanr Lestanr Lestanr Lestanr; see
DORIATH. #Lesta #Lesta #Lesta #Lesta is the cognate of Sindarin lest lest lest lest
as in Lest Lest Lest Lest [or List List List List] Melian Melian Melian Melian "the Girdle of Melian"
[WJ:228]. Note: #lesta lesta lesta lesta also means "measure".) -
WJ:369, Silm:390
GIRL wen wen wen wen (stem wend wend wend wend-, as in the pl. wendi wendi wendi wendi)
(maid). The word seld seld seld seld was not clearly glossed
by Tolkien, but appears to mean "female child",
hence "girl". -LT1:271, VT46:13
GIVE anta anta anta anta- -- -. In one text, Tolkien apparently
used ana ana ana ana as the imperative "give!", but the text
was rewritten and this may have been an
ephemeral form (VT44:13). GIVER ant ant ant ant (f), anto anto anto anto
(m) (the latter word from Etym is probably
obsoleted by anto anto anto anto "mouth" in LotR:1157 - an
alternative word for "[male] giver" might be
*antando *antando *antando *antando). Another fem. word for "giver" is #ni ni ni ni,
isolated from massni massni massni massni (see BREAD-GIVER). -
ANA, VT44:13, PM:404
GIVE BIRTH nosta nosta nosta nosta- -- - (but in later sources, nosta nosta nosta nosta- -- -
is glossed "beget", q.v.) -LT1:272

GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME aness aness aness aness (pl anessi anessi anessi anessi
is attested. This word encompasses both "after-
names" and "mother-names".) -MR:217
GLAMHOTH Sancossi Sancossi Sancossi Sancossi (see GOBLIN) -LT2:341
GLASS hyell hyell hyell hyell, hyelma hyelma hyelma hyelma (the latter perhaps = "a
glass", whereas hyell hyell hyell hyell could be glass as a
substance), maril maril maril maril (crystal - perhaps with stem
marill marill marill marill-). LITTLE GLASS lipil lipil lipil lipil. Cf. also vrin vrin vrin vrin, "a
magic glassy substance of great lucency used in
fashioning the Moon" -KHYEL/VT45:23,
VT46:13, LT1:258, LT2:339
GLAURUNG see GLORUND
GLEAM (WHITE) ilca ilca ilca ilca- -- - (part. ilcala ilcala ilcala ilcala is attested) -
MC:223
GLINT (vb) tin tin tin tin (pres 3rd pers sg); GLINT
(noun) tind tind tind tind, wintil wintil wintil wintil; GLINTING tinda tinda tinda tinda (silver) -TIN,
LT1:261
GLITTER mirilya mirilya mirilya mirilya- -- -; GLITTERING rilya rilya rilya rilya (in the
Etymologies as printed in LR, this word also
seemed to be glossed "brilliance", but according
to VT46:11, this gloss properly refers to another
word), GLITTERING LIGHT rilma rilma rilma rilma; GLITTERING
REFLECTION nalta nalta nalta nalta (radiance - alata alata alata alata in Silm:433
is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta nalta nalta nalta is spelt with
initial , that is, ng ng ng ng. Initial ng ng ng ng had become n n n n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of
LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this
word is written in Tengwar, the initial n n n n should be
transcribed with the letter noldo noldo noldo noldo, not nmen nmen nmen nmen.) -
MBIRIL, RIL/VT46:11, PM:347
GLOBE coron coron coron coron (#corn corn corn corn-, as in dat.sg. cornen cornen cornen cornen)
(ball); GLOBED corna corna corna corna (round) -KOR
GLOOM ungw ungw ungw ungw, lumb lumb lumb lumb (shadow), huin huin huin huin
(darkness, shadow), lm lm lm lm (stem lmi lmi lmi lmi-) (night,
twilight, darkness, dusk), yaru yaru yaru yaru; GLOOMY morna morna morna morna
(black, dark, sombre); CHILD OF GLOOM
lmar lmar lmar lmar (probably not a valid word in LotR-style
Quenya) -UG, LUM, VT41:8, GL:37, LT1:255,
Silm:431
GLORIOUS alcar alcar alcar alcarinqua inqua inqua inqua (radiant) (The shorter
form alcarin alcarin alcarin alcarin is attested in VT44:10 and also as a
title of king Atanatar II. Cf. also Alcarinqu Alcarinqu Alcarinqu Alcarinqu, a
name of Jupiter.) The form alcar alcar alcar alcar appears as an
adjective "glorious" in VT44:10, but this was
apparently an ephemeral form, and the
Etymologies, alcar alcar alcar alcar is rather a longer form of the
noun alcar alcar alcar alcar "glory". -AKLA-R-, WJ:412,
RGEO:73/LotR:1075/VT44:10, Silm:55
GLORUND, GLORUNN Laurundo Laurundo Laurundo Laurundo, Undolaur Undolaur Undolaur Undolaur
(Tolkien later changed Glorund to Glaurung.
Read *Laurungo *Laurungo *Laurungo *Laurungo, *Ungolaur Ungolaur Ungolaur Ungolaur in Quenya?) -
LT2:341
GLORY alcar alcar alcar alcar, alcar alcar alcar alcar (splendour, brilliance) In
VT44:10, alcar alcar alcar alcar is an adjective "glorious" rather
than a noun "glory", but this was apparently an
ephemeral form. -AKLA-R-
/RGEO:73/UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427, VT43:37,
VT44:34
GNOME (only = wise one, Noldo) Noldo Noldo Noldo Noldo (spelt
Ngoldo Ngoldo Ngoldo Ngoldo [oldo oldo oldo oldo] in Tengwar writing, reflecting the
earlier pronounciation); pl. Noldor Noldor Noldor Noldor is attested.
GNOMISH (general adjective:) Noldorinwa Noldorinwa Noldorinwa Noldorinwa,
(Gnomish language:) Noldorin Noldorin Noldorin Noldorin, GNOME-LAND
Noldomar Noldomar Noldomar Noldomar - -- -LT1:262, Silm:61, LotR:1157,
VT39:16
GO lelya lelya lelya lelya- -- - or lenna lenna lenna lenna- -- - (pa.t. lend lend lend lend in both cases;
the printed Etymologies gives "linna" instad of
lenna lenna lenna lenna-, but according to VT45:27 this is a
misreading) (proceed, travel); vanya vanya vanya vanya- -- - (pa.t.
vann vann vann vann) (depart, disappear), GO ROUND pel pel pel pel- -- -
(revolve, return); GO ATHWART tara tara tara tara- -- - (cross);
GO AWAY auta auta auta auta- -- - (leave, pass); pa.t. oant oant oant oant, perf.
oanti oanti oanti oanti (in the physical sense "went away [to
another place]", vn vn vn vn ("the most frequently used
past [tense]" - less "physical" than oant oant oant oant, rather
meaning to be lost or to disappear), also anw anw anw anw
(this pa.t. was "only found in archaic language"),
perf. avni avni avni avni (pl. avnier avnier avnier avnier is attested); perf. vni vni vni vni
with no augment may occur in verse. CAUSE TO
GO (in a desired direction) menta menta menta menta- (send), GONE
vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa (departed, vanished, dead, lost, past and
over, no longer to be had) BE GONE! heca! heca! heca! heca! -
also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat hecat hecat hecat, pl hecal hecal hecal hecal
"you be gone!" (stand aside!) LET GO lerya lerya lerya lerya-
(release, set free), sen sen sen sen- (let loose, free) -WJ:363,
LED/VT45:27, PEL, LT2:347, WAN, Nam,
WJ:364, VT41:5, WJ:366, VT41:5, VT43:18
GOAT - she-goat: nyni nyni nyni nyni -LT1:262
GOBLET slo slo slo slo (stem *slu slu slu slu-), fion fion fion fion -SUG (see
SUK), LT1:253
GOBLIN (Orc) urco urco urco urco (stem *urcu urcu urcu urcu-, pl urqui urqui urqui urqui) or
orco orco orco orco (stem *orcu orcu orcu orcu-, pl. orqui orqui orqui orqui, or stem *orco orco orco orco-, pl.
orcor orcor orcor orcor); THE GOBLINS Sancossi Sancossi Sancossi Sancossi (sanc sanc sanc sanc "hateful"
+ hossi hossi hossi hossi "armies", said to be the Quenya
equivalent of Sindarin Glamhoth Glamhoth Glamhoth Glamhoth)
-ROK, LT2:202/MR:74/WJ:390, LT2:341
GOD Eru Eru Eru Eru ("The One, He that is Alone", "the
One God", a proper name that can hardly be
used as a common noun meaning "god" in
general. The form Eru Eru Eru Eru may obsolete Enu Enu Enu Enu in
LT2:343. Genitive Eruo Eruo Eruo Eruo, VT43:32; dative Erun Erun Erun Erun,
VT44:32). Other names/titles: Ilvatar Ilvatar Ilvatar Ilvatar "Father of
All", Ainatar Ainatar Ainatar Ainatar *"Holy-Father". PAGAN GOD ainu ainu ainu ainu,
PAGAN GODDESS aini aini aini aini (angelic spirit, holy one).
(As Christopher Tolkien notes, the Ainur are of
course not "pagan" to the people of Middle-earth.
In Etym and Silm, Ainu/Aini Ainu/Aini Ainu/Aini Ainu/Aini is capitalized.) SON
OF GOD (Jesus) Eruion Eruion Eruion Eruion, MOTHER OF GOD
(Mary, in Tolkien's Quenya renderings of
Catholic prayers) Eruamill Eruamill Eruamill Eruamill (also Eruontari Eruontari Eruontari Eruontari,
Eruontari Eruontari Eruontari Eruontari *"God-begetter") -Silm:15/396/431,

Letters:387, VT44:16-17, 34, LT1:248 cf. AYAN
and Silm:426, VT43:32, VT44:7, 16-17, 18 34
GODWINE (name, "God-friend") Valandil Valandil Valandil Valandil (sc.
*"Vala-friend") -VT46:4
GOLD (the metal) malta malta malta malta (so in LotR - Etym has
malda malda malda malda [stem SMAL], but cf. the archaic form
smalta mentioned under LAWAR); GOLD laur laur laur laur
(= "not the metal but the colour, what we should
call golden light", Letters:308, "of light and
colour, not of the metal", Silm:433, "not a
metallic word. It was applied to those things
which we often call 'golden' though they do not
much resemble metallic gold: golden light,
especially sunlight", RGEO:70, "a word for
golden light or colour, never used for the metal",
PM:353, "light of the golden Tree Laurelin",
LR:368; a "mystic name" of gold, LT1:255 [no
doubt an obsolete notion]; in LT1:258 and
LT2:341 the gloss is simply "gold".) RED GOLD
cullo cullo cullo cullo (obsoleting culu culu culu culu in LT2:341? In LT1:255
culu culu culu culu is said to be a poetic word for "gold", but
also used mythically as a name of all red and
yellow metals), GOLDEN laura laura laura laura (pl lauri lauri lauri lauri is
attested; LT1:258 has laurina laurina laurina laurina), GOLDEN-RED
culda culda culda culda, culina culina culina culina (flame-coloured); (cf. Silm.
Appendix: "cul cul cul cul- -- - 'golden-red' in Culrien Culrien Culrien Culrien") -
LotR:1157/SMAL,
Letters:308/RGEO:70/LAWAR, KUL,
RGEO:70/Nam, Silm:429
GONDOLIN Ondolind Ondolind Ondolind Ondolind ("Stone Song", so in
Silm:149, 415; LT1:254 gives Ondolinda Ondolinda Ondolinda Ondolinda,
changed from Ondolin Ondolin Ondolin Ondolin) -LT1:254
GONE vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa (departed, lost, past) -WAN, Nam
GONG tombo tombo tombo tombo -LT1:269
GOOD (of things) mra mra mra mra (fit, useful), GOOD
(morally good) man man man man; GOODBYE mra mesta mra mesta mra mesta mra mesta -
MAG (see MA3), LT1:260, Arct
GOODS armar armar armar armar (sg # ## #arma arma arma arma if there is a sg) -3AR
GOOSE vn vn vn vn, wn wn wn wn (pl. vni vni vni vni is given, but seems
perfectly regular) -WA-N-
GORE nasta nasta nasta nasta (spear-point, spear-head,
triangle), neht neht neht neht (spearhead, narrow promontory,
wedge. Note: a homophone means
"honeycomb"), mear mear mear mear (from a root possibly
meaning "ooze") -SNAS/VT46:14, UT:282,
LT1:260
GORGE cilya cilya cilya cilya (pass between hills, cleft) (so in
Etym, but cf. #cirya #cirya #cirya #cirya in the name Calacirya Calacirya Calacirya Calacirya "Pass
of Light" [gen. Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo in Namri] - though
this clashes with cirya cirya cirya cirya "ship". An early version of
Namri actually had Calacilyo Calacilyo Calacilyo Calacilyo, not Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo;
see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5) -KIL
GORTHAUR Sauron Sauron Sauron Sauron ( ) -Silm:418 cf. THUS
GOTHMOG Cosomot Cosomot Cosomot Cosomot (prob. *Cosomoc Cosomoc Cosomoc Cosomoc- -- -, cf the
alternative form Cosomoco Cosomoco Cosomoco Cosomoco) -LT1:258
GOVERN #tur tur tur tur- (attested as turin turin turin turin "I...govern",
1st pers. aorist), pa.t. turn turn turn turn (wield, control).
LT1:273 has vard vard vard vard- -- - "rule, govern", but this is
hardly a valid word in LotR-style Quenya. -TUR
GOVERNANCE heren heren heren heren (fortune) -KHER
GOVERNOR cno cno cno cno (chieftain, commander; see
COMMANDER for details) -PM:345, 361-362
GRACE #Eruanna Eruanna Eruanna Eruanna (literally *"God-gift, gift of
God"), attested in the genitive form Eruanno Eruanno Eruanno Eruanno.
Also #eruliss #eruliss #eruliss #eruliss, literally "God-sweetness"
(attested in the instrumental case: erulissenen erulissenen erulissenen erulissenen),
or simply liss liss liss liss, literally "sweetness". -VT43:28,
29, VT44:18
GRACIOUS rai rai rai raina na na na (smiling, sweet-faced).
NOTE: A homophone means "nettled, enlaced".
-VT44:35
GRADE #tyell #tyell #tyell #tyell (only pl tyeller tyeller tyeller tyeller is attested - note
irregular plural instead of the expected form
**tyelli tyelli tyelli tyelli) -LotR:1153
GRAMMAR tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta (system or code of
signs) -TEK cf. WJ:394
GRANDCHILD indyo indyo indyo indyo (descendant) (Indyo Indyo Indyo Indyo looks
like Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy ndy ndy ndy
became ny ny ny ny in Noldorin Quenya [see MIDDLE].
The Noldor likely said inyo inyo inyo inyo, which form occurred
in a deleted marginal note in the Etymologies). -
GYO(N), VT46:19
GRANT lav lav lav lav- -- - (yield, allow) -DAB
GRASP mapa mapa mapa mapa- -- - (seize) This word was struck out
in one of Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym
it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339
GRASS salqu salqu salqu salqu, (stiff and dry:) sara sara sara sara ( ) (bent) -
SALAK, STAR
GREAT velic velic velic velic (possibly obsolete in LotR-style
Quenya: In LT1:254 velic velic velic velic is said to correspond
to Gnomish beleg beleg beleg beleg, but according to LR:352 the
stem from which beleg beleg beleg beleg is derived is "not found in
Q[uenya]"). GREAT (in size) alta alta alta alta (large) (The
form alat alat alat alat- -- - is used in compounds when the next
word has an initial vowel, as in Alatair Alatair Alatair Alatair. Tolkien's
gloss of alta alta alta alta, alat alat alat alat- -- - was actually illegible, and I
give the root meaning of the stem LAT. The
meaning of the Quenya word cannot differ too
widely from it, for Alatair Alatair Alatair Alatair is said to correspond
to "Noldorin" Bel Bel Bel Belegoer egoer egoer egoer [in LotR-style Sindarin
Belegaer Belegaer Belegaer Belegaer], The Great Sea.) -LT1:254, LAT cf.
BEL, cf. Silm:428
GREAT BEAR see SICKLE OF THE VALAR.
GREAT LONGING mavoin mavoin mavoin mavoin -LT2:345
GREAT NUMBER - in a very great number:
va va va va (abundance) -UB
GREAT QUANTITY v v v v (abundance) -UB
GREAT WOOD taur taur taur taur (forest) -TAWAR
GREED milm milm milm milm; GREEDY milca milca milca milca -MIL-IK
GREEN laica laica laica laica (so in Letters:282; earlier sources
have laiqua laiqua laiqua laiqua, whereas laica laica laica laica meant something

wholly different ["keen, piercing"] in earlier
material: LT2:337), wenya wenya wenya wenya (yellow-green, fresh),
ezel ezel ezel ezel, ezella ezella ezella ezella (adopted from Valarin; only used in
Vanyarin Quenya)."Green" is expressed as a
mere prefix lai lai lai lai- (representing the root underlying
the adjective laica laica laica laica) in: GREEN-ELVES
Laiquendi Laiquendi Laiquendi Laiquendi; cf. also VERDIGRIS = lairus lairus lairus lairus.
GREENNESS wn wn wn wn, laiquass laiquass laiquass laiquass (freshness, youth).
-LYAK/LT1:267, WJ:399, GWEN, WJ:385,
LT1:267
GREY #mista mista mista mista (isolated from lassemista lassemista lassemista lassemista "leaf-
grey"), also hiswa hiswa hiswa hiswa, but the most usual word for
"grey" may be sind sind sind sind (stem *sindi sindi sindi sindi-) ( ) or sinda sinda sinda sinda
( ). (WJ has sind sind sind sind "pale or silvery grey", wheras
sinda sinda sinda sinda is given in Silm:438; cf. also sindanoriello sindanoriello sindanoriello sindanoriello
"from a grey land", Sindacollo Sindacollo Sindacollo Sindacollo "Grey-cloak" and
Sindar Sindar Sindar Sindar "Grey-Elves, *Grey Ones".)GREY-ELVES
Sindar Sindar Sindar Sindar ( ) (sg. Sinda Sinda Sinda Sinda), less commonly Sindeldi Sindeldi Sindeldi Sindeldi
(sg Sindel Sindel Sindel Sindel); GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo Sindacollo Sindacollo Sindacollo, Singollo Singollo Singollo Singollo
( ) (so in Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo Sindicollo Sindicollo Sindicollo,
presupposing sind sind sind sind, sindi sindi sindi sindi- as the word for
"grey"); GREY-ELVEN sindarinwa sindarinwa sindarinwa sindarinwa (adj), Sindarin Sindarin Sindarin Sindarin
(= Grey-Elven language) ( ) -LotR:505 cf.
Letters:224, KHIS, LotR:1171, Silm:438,
THIN/WJ:384, Nam, Silm:419, WJ:384,
LotR:1157, 1161
GRIEF nyr nyr nyr nyr (sorrow). Pl. probably *nyrer nyrer nyrer nyrer not
*nyri nyri nyri nyri; cf. the similar formation tyv tyv tyv tyv "taste" pl.
tyver tyver tyver tyver. The noun nyr nyr nyr nyr points to a verbal stem
*nyer nyer nyer nyer- "grieve". -GL:60/LT1:261
GROT (small) rotto rotto rotto rotto (cave, tunnel) -PM:365,
VT46:12
GROUND talan talan talan talan (#talam talam talam talam-, as in pl. talami talami talami talami) (floor)
-TALAM
GROW ol ol ol ol- (not clearly identified as a Quenya
word in the source; it may be a primitive root);
GROW FAT tiuya tiuya tiuya tiuya- -- - -VT45:13, TIW
GROWL (vb) yarra yarra yarra yarra- -- - (snarl), (of dogs:) nru nru nru nru- -- -
(grumble); GROWL (noun) nur nur nur nur (complaint)
-MC:223, LT1:263
GRUMBLE (vb) nurru nurru nurru nurru- -- - (murmur), nru nru nru nru- -- - (growl
[of dogs]). (These may simply be two forms of
the same word. Nurru Nurru Nurru Nurru- -- - is by far the later [TLT]
form.) GRUMBLING (adj) nurrua nurrua nurrua nurrua -MC:223,
LT1:263
GUARD - use the word glossed "watch, heed",
q.v. Cf. LT1:258. For "guard" as a noun, #tirno tirno tirno tirno
"watcher" may be isolated from halatirno halatirno halatirno halatirno (see
FISHWATCHER)
GUESS (vb) intya intya intya intya- -- -; GUESS (noun) intya intya intya intya
(supposition, idea)
GULF yw yw yw yw (cleft, ravine). According to
VT46:22, it is possible that the gloss "gulf"
actually reads "gully" in Tolkien's manuscript. Cf.
also fs fs fs fs = gulf, gap. -YAG, GL:36
GULL maiw maiw maiw maiw -MIW
GULLY, see GULF
GYRATE hwinya hwinya hwinya hwinya- -- - (eddy, swirl) -SWIN

H
HABIT haim haim haim haim -KHIM
HABITATION imbar imbar imbar imbar (Imbar Imbar Imbar Imbar was an Elvish name
of the Earth as the prinicipal part of Arda; the
form Ambar Ambar Ambar Ambar may be more usual and is found in
LotR.) -MR:337, WJ:419, 402, LotR:1003
HAIL (greeting) aiya aiya aiya aiya (so in LotR; LT1:248 has
y y y y); variant spelling aia aia aia aia. -LotR:747, 950 cf.
Letters:385, VT43:28
HAIR lox lox lox lox; A SINGLE HAIR fin fin fin fin (*fini fini fini fini-)
(larch).TANGLED HAIR fass fass fass fass; LOCK OF HAIR
find find find find (defined as "a tress or plait of hair" in
PM:345; LT2:341 has findl findl findl findl, an impossible form in
LotR-style Quenya), HEAD OF HAIR, A
PERSON'S HAIR AS A WHOLE findess findess findess findess -
LOKH, PM:362, PHAS, SPIN, PM:345
HALF-ELVEN (noun, pl) P PP Pereldar ereldar ereldar ereldar (Sindarin
Peredhil Peredhil Peredhil Peredhil, LotR:1071). Singular #Perelda Perelda Perelda Perelda. -
Letters:386
HALL #mard #mard #mard #mard (isolated from oromardi oromardi oromardi oromardi "lofty
halls, high-halls"; the singular may also be
reconstructed as #mar mar mar mar with stem mard mard mard mard-, which
would make this the same word as the word for
"home" or "dwelling", q.v.); ROCKHEWN HALL
hrta hrta hrta hrta (artificial cave, rockhewn hall), VAULTED
HALL rondo rondo rondo rondo -Nam/RGEO:66, PM:365, VT39:9
HALLOW #airita airita airita airita- (only pa.t. airitn airitn airitn airitn is attested)
-VT32:7
HALVE perya perya perya perya- (devide in middle) (After perya perya perya perya, a
word perina perina perina perina is mentioned - it is undefined but
seems to be a corresponding adjective or past
participle *"halved, divided in middle".) -PER
HAMMER (vb) namba namba namba namba- -- -; HAMMER (noun)
namba namba namba namba -NDAM
HAMS hacca hacca hacca hacca (buttocks) -GL:47
HAND m m m m (pl. allative mannar mannar mannar mannar "into...hands" is
attested; the long evidently becomes short a a a a
before a consonant cluster), qur qur qur qur (the latter is

properly "fist", but was often used for "hand" -
see FIST); HOLLOW OF HAND camb camb camb camb; HAVING
HANDS mavoit mavoit mavoit mavoit; HANDY, HANDED mait mait mait mait (stem
*maiti maiti maiti maiti-) (skilled) (pl. maisi maisi maisi maisi. When mait mait mait mait is the
final element of names, it is translated "handed"
instead of "handy", e.g. Angamait Angamait Angamait Angamait "Iron-
handed", morimait morimait morimait morimait "blackhanded") -
MA3/LT2:339/VT39:10, FS, KWAR/Silm:429,
KAB, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425,
LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, UT:460
HANDLE mahta mahta mahta mahta- -- - (fight, manage, wield, wield a
weapon) -TUR, MAK, VT39:10, MA3
HANG linga linga linga linga- -- - (dangle) -LING
HAPPEN - LT2:348 gives mart mart mart mart- -- - "it happens"
(impersonal). Perhaps read *marta marta marta marta- -- - in LotR-style
Quenya, though that would clash with the
adjective marta marta marta marta "fey, fated".
HAPPY valin valin valin valin (LT1:272 also gives valimo valimo valimo valimo, but
adjectives ending in - -- -o o o o do not occur in LotR-style
Quenya), HAPPINESS vald vald vald vald- -- - (so in LT1:272;
nom. sg. must be either *val val val val or *vald vald vald vald)
(blessedness) It is highly questionable whether
these words from early material quoted in
LT1:272 are conceptually "valid" in LotR-style
Quenya: Originally, they were meant to be
related to the noun Valar Valar Valar Valar, the Gods being termed
the "Happy Ones", but Tolkien later re-
interpreted Valar Valar Valar Valar as meaning the "Powers". For
"happiness" it may be better to use the noun
alass alass alass alass "joy", and for "happy" or "joyful, joyous"
many writers have used the neologism *alassa alassa alassa alassa.
HARBOUR hpa hpa hpa hpa (haven, bay - obsoleting cpa cpa cpa cpa,
cpas cpas cpas cpas in LT1:257); HARBOURAGE hopass hopass hopass hopass -
KHOP
HARD sarda sarda sarda sarda, nauca nauca nauca nauca (the latter also meaning ill-
shapen, twisted, *small - see SMALL.) -VT39:17,
WJ:413
HARE lapatt lapatt lapatt lapatt -GL:52
HARP (vb) nanda nanda nanda nanda-; HARP (noun) nand nand nand nand;
LITTLE HARP nandell nandell nandell nandell; HARPING (noun, not
adjectival participle) nandel nandel nandel nandel; HARPER nandaro nandaro nandaro nandaro,
HARP-PLAYER tyalangan tyalangan tyalangan tyalangan. (In Etym, all but the
last of these words are spelt with initial , that is,
ng ng ng ng. Initial ng ng ng ng had become n n n n in Third Age Quenya,
and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if these words are written in
Tengwar, the initial n n n n should be transcribed with
the letter noldo noldo noldo noldo, not nmen nmen nmen nmen.) HARP-PLAYING
salm salm salm salm. HARPING ON ONE TUNE vorongandel vorongandel vorongandel vorongandel
("vorogandele" in the published Etymologies is a
misreading; see VT45:7) (continuous repetition) -
NGAN, TYAL; cf. LotR:1157, LT1:265, LIN
1

HARSH naraca naraca naraca naraca (rending, violent) (possibly "of
sounds", but Tolkien's extra comment is partially
illegible) -NRAK, VT45:37
HARVEST yvi yvi yvi yvi (autumn) - evidently
obsoleting yvan yvan yvan yvan in LT1:273. In the Calendar of
Imladris, yvi yvi yvi yvi was a precisely defined period of
exact definition. Note: yvi yvi yvi yvi probably refers to
harvest time only, not "harvest" in the sense
"harvested products", though it is derived from a
stem meaning "fruit". -LotR:1142, 1145
HASP tangwa tangwa tangwa tangwa (clasp) -TAK
HASTE orm orm orm orm (wrath, violence, rushing);
HASTY orna orna orna orna, tyelca tyelca tyelca tyelca (agile) -GOR, KHOR,
PM:353
HAT tta tta tta tta -GL:71
HATE (vb) #tev tev tev tev- -- - (aorist tev tev tev tev); LT1:258 has
mokir mokir mokir mokir "I hate", read *mocin *mocin *mocin *mocin in LotR-style
Quenya? HATEFUL sanc sanc sanc sanc; HATRED tevi tevi tevi tevi -
LT1:268, LT2:341
HAVE - -- - see POSSESS. Cf also NO LONGER
TO BE HAD vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa (gone, dead, departed, lost,
past, vanished) HAVE AN IMPULSE horya horya horya horya- (be
compelled to do something, set vigorously out to
do) -WJ:366, VT45:22
HAVEN hpa hpa hpa hpa (harbour, bay) lond lond lond lond (as in
Alqualond Alqualond Alqualond Alqualond "Haven of the Swans", UT:417 - but
elsewhere lond lond lond lond is glossed "entrance to harbour,
road in sea") -KHOP
?HAWK fion fion fion fion (pl fioni fioni fioni fioni, fiondi fiondi fiondi fiondi) (Tolkien's gloss was
"not certainly legible; the likeliest interpretation
would be 'haste', but 'hawk' is a possibility." The
translation "haste" is out of the question, as this
word would have no plural form. Besides, a quite
different word for "haste" [orm orm orm orm] is known.) -PHI
HE in some early sources there appear a
pronominal ending - -- -ro ro ro ro, as in antavro antavro antavro antavro he will
give (so in LR:63, perhaps *antuvro antuvro antuvro antuvro in LotR-
style Quenya). There is also the ending - -- -s ss s, that
covers the entire 3rd person sg: "he, she, it". It is
uncertain what the independent word for "he,
even he" might be; some would guess that it
could be *ery ery ery ery. By the same theory, Tolkien may
have abandoned -ro ro ro ro in favour of the ending *-
ry ry ry ry, connecting with the ending -rya rya rya rya "his, her"; if
so, *-ry ry ry ry (and *ery ery ery ery) would also cover both "he"
and "she" (whereas -ro ro ro ro as a distinct ending for
"he" might have corresponded to *-r r r r "she";
compare the references to ancient inflections in -
so and -se found in the Etymologies, entry S-).
As an independent word for "he" LR:63
apparently has e ee e, a word that appears in
Sindarin as well (SD:129). Does it also cover
"she, it"? Cf. HIM, HIS.
HEAD cr cr cr cr (cas cas cas cas-), nla nla nla nla (round head, knoll);
HEAD OF HAIR findess findess findess findess (see HAIR). SPEAR-
HEAD nasta nasta nasta nasta (spear-point, gore, triangle) -KAS,
NDOL, PM:345, SNAS/VT46:14

HEAL #envinyata envinyata envinyata envinyata- -- - (isolated from the past
participle envinyanta envinyanta envinyanta envinyanta "healed". The literal
meanings are * ** *"renew" and "renewed", cf.
Aragorn's title Envi Envi Envi Envinyatar nyatar nyatar nyatar "Renewer" [q.v.]) -
MR:405
HEAP cumb cumb cumb cumb (mound) -KUB
HEAR #hlar hlar hlar hlar- -- - (only fut hlaruva hlaruva hlaruva hlaruva is attested) -
MC:222
HEARING (adj) lasta lasta lasta lasta (listening) -LAS
2

HEART hn hn hn hn (physical heart), r r r r (inner mind -
concerning this word, see SPIRIT) (Note: a
homophone means "rising"), indo indo indo indo (mind, mood),
enda enda enda enda (lit. "centre", not referring to the physical
organ, but the fa [soul] or sma [mind] itself),
elwen elwen elwen elwen; -HEARTED #honda honda honda honda (isolated from
sincahonda sincahonda sincahonda sincahonda "flinthearted"). EYES OF
HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy)
Helinyetill Helinyetill Helinyetill Helinyetill HEART OF FLAME Naira Naira Naira Naira (a name of
the Sun), -KH-N-, LotR:1157, ID, VT39:32,
LT1:255, LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72, LT1:262,
MR:198
HEAT r r r r (The stem from which this word must
be derived was struck out in Etym, but the word
occurs in LotR itself, indicating that Tolkien
restored the stem in question.) SMOULDERING
HEAT, RED [?HEAT] (Tolkies handwriting was
illegible) yulm yulm yulm yulm (Note:
a homophone means "drinking, carousal") -
LotR:1157 cf. UR; YUL
HEAVE #amorta amorta amorta amorta- -- - (only part. amortala amortala amortala amortala is
attested), HEAVE (of large and heavy things:)
rma rma rma rma- -- - (shift, move) (part. rmala rmala rmala rmala is attested) -
MC:222 cf. 215, MC:223, 222
HEAVENS, THE menel menel menel menel (a sg word, "heaven",
as opposed to its English translation), ilw ilw ilw ilw (sky).
The form #Eruman Eruman Eruman Eruman that turns up in one version
of the Quenya Lord's Prayer (in the locative:
Erumand Erumand Erumand Erumand) appears to include the divine name
Eru Eru Eru Eru and must refer to "heaven" as God's abode
(but Tolkien simply used menel menel menel menel for "heaven" in
earlier versions of the Lord's Prayer). IN
HEAVEN (adj., more or less = *HEAVENLY)
menelda menelda menelda menelda -Silm:434/MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:255,
VT43:12, 16 vs. 10, VT43:10, VT44:16
HEAVY lunga lunga lunga lunga -LUG
HEDGE (jagged hedge of spikes) carax carax carax carax -
KARAK
HEED tirin tirin tirin tirin ("I watch", *"I heed", 1st pers.
aorist), pa.t. tirn tirn tirn tirn; fut. tiruva tiruva tiruva tiruva "shall heed" is
attested; also cim cim cim cim-. -MC:222 cf. 214, TIR, GL:39
HEIGHT #tri tri tri tri (only allative trienna trienna trienna trienna "to the
height" is attested) -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308
HEIR aryon aryon aryon aryon (also haryon haryon haryon haryon is glossed as "heir",
but this gloss is paranthetic and "prince" is given
as the primary meaning. Hildinyar Hildinyar Hildinyar Hildinyar is translated
"my heirs" in Aragorn's oath; it appears that this
is actually a form of hildo hildo hildo hildo "follower".) -GAR (see
3AR), LotR:1003, 1004
HELL Angamando Angamando Angamando Angamando ("Iron-prison", Morgoth's
dungeon-fortress in the First Age. This is the
form given in MR; Etym has Anga Anga Anga Angamanda manda manda manda,
LT1:249/252 has Angamandu Angamandu Angamandu Angamandu/Angamandi Angamandi Angamandi Angamandi or
Eremandu Eremandu Eremandu Eremandu "Hells of Iron". In LT1:259, Mandos Mandos Mandos Mandos is
glossed "hell", but Mandos was simply the halls
of the dead and not a place of torture. GL:51
also has fatanyu fatanyu fatanyu fatanyu.) -MR:350, MBAD
HELMET cassa cassa cassa cassa, harna harna harna harna, harpa harpa harpa harpa -KAS, VT45:21
HELPER: A word for "helper" is apparently
embedded in the compound "East-helper",
Rmestmo Rmestmo Rmestmo Rmestmo, Rme Rme Rme Rme(n nn n)star star star star (so in PM:384, 391;
probably ?Rmenstar Rmenstar Rmenstar Rmenstar must always become
Rmestar Rmestar Rmestar Rmestar, but Tolkien cited the form as
Rme Rme Rme Rme(n nn n)star star star star to indicate the connection with
rmen rmen rmen rmen "east"). It may be that as an independent
word, the -stmo stmo stmo stmo "helper" element would
manifest as ?smo smo smo smo ( ).
HEM rma rma rma rma (edge, border), HEM OF ROBE
lappa lappa lappa lappa -R, GL:52
HER 1. (object form of she) - the ending -s ss s
(also covering "it, *him". Utvienyes Utvienyes Utvienyes Utvienyes [LotR:1008]
is translated "I have found it", but it could
probably mean "I have found her/him" as well.)
Case endings may be attached to se se se se, e.g. dative
*sen *sen *sen *sen "for her". Probably there is no distinction of
gender here either; see HIM. 2. HER (genitive, =
of her) - -- -rya rya rya rya (possessive suffix, e.g. aratarya aratarya aratarya aratarya "her
sublimity" [WJ:369], mryat mryat mryat mryat "her hands" [Nam].)
This ending apparently covers the entire 3rd pers
sg and may also translate as "his" or - it may be
assumed - *"its".) -WJ:369
HERO callo callo callo callo (noble man). LT1:268 also has
mordo mordo mordo mordo "warrior, hero", but in Tolkien's later
Quenya mordo mordo mordo mordo means "obscurity, shadow, stain,
smear, dimness". -KAL
HEW *pelehta pelehta pelehta pelehta- (emended from the actual
reading pelekta pelekta pelekta pelekta- -- -, since Tolkien later decided that
kt kt kt kt became ht ht ht ht in Quenya) -LT2:346
HIDE #nurta nurta nurta nurta- (verbal stem isolated from the
verbal noun nurtal nurtal nurtal nurtal "hiding" in Silm:120), #lom #lom #lom #lom- -- -
(LT1:255 gives lomir lomir lomir lomir "I hide"; this would become
*lomin *lomin *lomin *lomin in LotR-style Quenya); moru moru moru moru- -- - -LT1:261
HIDING nurtal nurtal nurtal nurtal -Silm:120
HIDDEN muina muina muina muina (secret), halda halda halda halda (veiled,
shadowed, shady), foina foina foina foina, furin furin furin furin/hurin hurin hurin hurin (concealed);
DARK OR HIDDEN tumna tumna tumna tumna (low-lying, low,
profound, deep) -MUY, SKAL, LT2:340, LT1:271
HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo ulundo ulundo ulundo (deformed
creature, monster) -LUG
HIGH tra tra tra tra (lofty, tall), oro oro oro oro- -- - (in compounds:
oromardi oromardi oromardi oromardi "high-halls"). The element #Ar Ar Ar Ar- -- - in
Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass (a name of Taniquetil) is said to
mean "high (i.e., noble, revered)". VERY HIGH

antara antara antara antara (with Antaro Antaro Antaro Antaro as a corresponding proper
name, denoting a mountain in Valinor, VT46:17)
(lofty). HIGH HEAVEN tarmenel tarmenel tarmenel tarmenel (locative
tarmen tarmen tarmen tarmeneld eld eld eld also attested), HIGH PLACE
#tarmen tarmen tarmen tarmen (pl. locative tarmenissen tarmenissen tarmenissen tarmenissen attested) -
WJ:417, Nam/RGEO:66, WJ:416,
VT45:5/VT46:17, VT44:34
HIGH ELVES Tarquendi Tarquendi Tarquendi Tarquendi; HIGH-ELVES
Tareldar Tareldar Tareldar Tareldar -TA, MC:349
HIGH ONES Aratar Aratar Aratar Aratar (sg #Arata Arata Arata Arata, cf. PM:363).
The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar:
Manw, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aul, Mandos,
Nienna, and Orom. Aratar Aratar Aratar Aratar is also rendered
"The Supreme, Exalted Ones". -Silm 32/381,
WJ:402
HIGH SPEECH (= Quenya) Tarquesta Tarquesta Tarquesta Tarquesta -T
HILL ambo ambo ambo ambo (allative pl. ambonnar ambonnar ambonnar ambonnar is attested);
tundo tundo tundo tundo (stem *tundu tundu tundu tundu-) (mound), oro oro oro oro; ISOLATED
ROUND HILL tolmen tolmen tolmen tolmen (boss of shield) HILL-SIDE
amban amban amban amban (upward slope) (probably obsoleting
amun(d) amun(d) amun(d) amun(d) in LT2:335) -VT45:5, MC:222, LT1:269,
TUN, LT1:256, AM
HIM - probably the ending -s ss s (also covering "it,
*her". Utvienyes Utvienyes Utvienyes Utvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I
have found it", but it could probably mean "I have
found him/her" as well.) Some theorize that so so so so
may function as a short independent pronoun
"he, him" and that case endings may be attached
to this word, e.g. dative *son son son son "for him". However,
material recently published may suggest that in
later variants of Quenya, se se se se covers both "he/she"
and "him/her" (as object), and that this is the
form to which case endings are attached (e.g.
dative *sen sen sen sen "for him/her").
HINDMOST tella tella tella tella (last); THE HINDMOST Teleri Teleri Teleri Teleri
(the Last-comers) -TELES, Silm:421
HINT (verb) hiuta hiuta hiuta hiuta- -VT46:6 s.v. IW
HIS - -- -rya rya rya rya (possessive suffix, e.g. coarya coarya coarya coarya his
house. This ending covers the entire 3rd pers sg
and also means "her" and *"its".) -WJ:369
HISTORY nyr nyr nyr nyr (tale, saga), quenta quenta quenta quenta (narrative,
story), quental quental quental quental (account, narration),
lmequental lmequental lmequental lmequental, lmequenta lmequenta lmequenta lmequenta (chronological
account), HISTORICAL lmequentala lmequentala lmequentala lmequentala. (In
VT39:16, quental quental quental quental is defined as "narration" or
"History", used as an abstract referring to
universal History, but also used with particular
reference; hence "the history of the Noldor" can
be quental Noldoron quental Noldoron quental Noldoron quental Noldoron or quental Noldorinwa quental Noldorinwa quental Noldorinwa quental Noldorinwa,
but this refers to the real events rather than an
account of them: that part of universal History
which concerned the Noldor.) HISTORICAL
ACCOUNT quentasta quentasta quentasta quentasta (any particular
arrangement, by some author, of a series of
reconds or evidences into a given historical
account - not History as such, which is quental quental quental quental)
-NAR
2
, KWET/VT39:16, LU
HIVE nierwes nierwes nierwes nierwes -LT1:262
HOARD foa foa foa foa (treasure) -LT2:340
HOBBIT: The genitive plural periandion periandion periandion periandion is
attested in the Elaine inscription, suggesting that
the Quenya word for "hobbit" is #perian perian perian perian (as in
Sindarin) with stem #periand periand periand periand-.
HOLE latta latta latta latta (pit - Note: a homophone means
"strap"), assa assa assa assa (perforation, opening, mouth), terra terra terra terra
(fine pierced hole), unqu unqu unqu unqu (hollow). -DAT, GAS,
VT46:18, VT46:20
HOLIDAY meryal meryal meryal meryal -MBER
HOLLOW (noun) unqu unqu unqu unqu (hole), HOLLOW (adj)
unqua unqua unqua unqua, ronta ronta ronta ronta, rotwa rotwa rotwa rotwa; HOLLOW OUT unca unca unca unca- -- - -
UNUK, LotR:1157, LT2:347
HOLLOWBOLD Nvarot Nvarot Nvarot Nvarot (Nogrod, Novrod) -
WJ:389
HOLLY ercass ercass ercass ercass (probably obsoleting piosenna piosenna piosenna piosenna
in LT2:347) -ERK
HOLY air air air air. The word aina aina aina aina also occurs in a
number of sources (e.g. VT44:7, 17-18);
according to VT43:32 this word is "obsolete
except in Ainur", but it may occur in sources
post-dating this statement. Yet another word for
"holy", aista aista aista aista, is seemingly only attested in a
translation of "holy spirit" which Tolkien later
replaced with a form including air air air air instead (see
below). HOLY ONE ainu ainu ainu ainu (m.), aini aini aini aini (f.) (angelic
spirit, god); HOLY PLACE yna yna yna yna (fane,
sanctuary); HOLY SPIRIT airefa airefa airefa airefa (other version:
fair aista fair aista fair aista fair aista; both versions are attested with the
dative ending -n nn n attached) -Nam,
AYAN/WJ:399,, YAN, VT43:36, 37
HOME mr mr mr mr (also used of the "home" or native
land of peoples). VT45:33 and VT46:13 give m mm mar ar ar ar
"home, dwelling" with stem mard mard mard mard-. Short form
mar mar mar mar as the final element of compounds: Eldamar Eldamar Eldamar Eldamar
"Elvenhome"; the vowel is also short in Mar Mar Mar Mar- -- -nu nu nu nu- -- -
falmar falmar falmar falmar, "the Land [lit. Home] under the Waves". -
Silm:408, 428
HOMESTEAD osta osta osta osta -LT2:336
HONEY lis lis lis lis (liss liss liss liss- -- -). In a far earlier source,
reproduced in LT1:262, the word for "honey" was
nekt nekt nekt nekt. This would however become neht neht neht neht in
LotR-style Quenya, since Tolkien later decided
that kt kt kt kt becomes ht ht ht ht in Quenya, and in its new
form neht neht neht neht the word turns up in the Etymologies
with the slightly modified meaning "honeycomb".
(Note: a homophone means "spear-head, gore,
wedge, narrow promontory".) HONEY-BEE nier nier nier nier,
nion nion nion nion -LIS, LT1:262, VT45:38, GL:60
HOOD telm telm telm telm (covering) -TEL
HOOK ampa ampa ampa ampa, atsa atsa atsa atsa (claw, catch); HOOKED
rempa rempa rempa rempa (crooked) -LotR:1157, GAT, REP

HOPE (noun) estel estel estel estel -WJ:318 (where it is stated
that this word was used in Quenya as well as in
Sindarin. Here the word is defined as "'hope', sc.
a temper of mind, steady, fixed in purpose, and
difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into
despair or abandon its purpose". In MR:320,
estel estel estel estel is translated "trust".)
HORDE horma horma horma horma (host) -LT2:341
HORN rass rass rass rass, rasco rasco rasco rasco ("especially on living
animal, but also applied to mountains". Cf.
Rasmund Rasmund Rasmund Rasmund "horned bull" in Letters:423 [this may
not be pure Quenya] and Arfanyaras Arfanyaras Arfanyaras Arfanyaras,
Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass "high white-shining peak [*horn]",
alternative name of Taniquetil), romba romba romba romba (so in
Etym and one place in WJ [p. 400: romba romba romba romba =
"horn, trumpet"] but on p. 368 rma rma rma rma is used for
"horn", though this is glossed "trumpet-sound" in
Etym), HORN OF ULMO hyalma hyalma hyalma hyalma (shell, conch),
tild tild tild tild (point), (horn of animal:) tarca tarca tarca tarca (probably
obsoleting taru taru taru taru in LT2); HORNED tarucca tarucca tarucca tarucca
(perhaps obsoleted together with taru taru taru taru), THE
HORNED Tilion Tilion Tilion Tilion (a name of the Moon) -
RAS/VT46:10, WJ:403/416, ROM/WJ:401
contrast 368, SYAL, TIL, TARK, LT2:337,347,
Silm:438
HORRIBLE norta norta norta norta -VT46:4
HORROR norto norto norto norto (glossed "a horror").The verb
rucin rucin rucin rucin is glossed "I feel fear or horror" (1st pers.
aorist), constructed with "from" of the object
feared (e.g. *rucin Orcollon rucin Orcollon rucin Orcollon rucin Orcollon "I fear Orcs") -
VT46:4, WJ:415
HORSE rocco rocco rocco rocco (defined as "swift horse for
riding" in Letters:382, "swift horse" in VT46:12),
olombo olombo olombo olombo (but since Tolkien subsequently changed
the relevant stem from LOB to LOP, we should
perhaps read *olompo olompo olompo olompo), mairo mairo mairo mairo; HORSEMAN
roquen roquen roquen roquen (rider, knight) -ROK/Letters:282, 382,
VT45:28, GL:56, WJ:372/UT:282
HOST rimb rimb rimb rimb (crowd), horma horma horma horma (horde) -
RIM/Letters:178, 382, LT2:341
HOSTILE cotya cotya cotya cotya -KOT
HOT saiwa saiwa saiwa saiwa; BLAZING HOT rin rin rin rin (rin rin rin rin is also a
name of the Sun) -LT1:248/265, LT1:271
HOUND huan huan huan huan (hn hn hn hn- -- -); HOUND OF CHASE
ronyo ronyo ronyo ronyo -KHUG (see KHUGAN), ROY
HOUR lm lm lm lm (so translated in LotR and in
VT43:34; in Etym the gloss is simply "time".
Allative lmenna lmenna lmenna lmenna is attested. Note: lm lm lm lm also
means "darkness".) THIS HOUR #sillum sillum sillum sillum
(ablative sillumello sillumello sillumello sillumello attested) -LU, LotR:94,
WJ:367, VT44:35
HOUSE coa coa coa coa (prob. the most neutral word),
opel opel opel opel (walled house), car car car car (card card card card- -- -) (building),
noss noss noss noss (clan, family, kin, people) (LT2:336 gives
indo indo indo indo "house" and os(t) os(t) os(t) os(t) "house and cottage";
these words are probably obsolete - in Tolkien's
later Quenya indo indo indo indo means "heart", while osto osto osto osto
means "city". Also indor indor indor indor "master of house" must
be obsolete.) LIGHT OF THE HOUSE coacalina coacalina coacalina coacalina
(a metaphor for the soul [fa fa fa fa] dwelling inside the
body [hroa hroa hroa hroa]) -WJ:369/MR:250, PEL(ES), KAR,
N/LT1:250, 343, MR:250
HOW manen manen manen manen -PM:395
HUMAN firya firya firya firya (lit. *"mortal"; nominal pl. Firyar Firyar Firyar Firyar is
attested) -PHIR, WJ:219
HUMBLED nucumna nucumna nucumna nucumna -SD:246
HUMP tumpo tumpo tumpo tumpo (stem *tumpu tumpu tumpu tumpu-), HUMPBACK
cauco cauco cauco cauco, HUMPED cauca cauca cauca cauca (bent, crooked) -
TUMPU, LT1:257
HUNGRY maita maita maita maita -VT39:11
HUNT (noun), HUNTING roim roim roim roim (the misreading
"raime" occurs in the Etymologies as printed in
LR; see VT46:12 for this correction). No verb "to
hunt" is given in Etym, but roita roita roita roita- -- - "pursue" is
derived from the same stem and can probably be
translated *"hunt" as well. LT1:260 has rauta rauta rauta rauta- -- -
"hunt". -ROY
1

HUSBAND venno venno venno venno (the published Etymologies
gives "verno", but according to VT45:7, this is a
misreading of Tolkien's original manuscript);
HUSBAND AND WIFE veru veru veru veru (married pair) -BES
HUSH quild quild quild quild (rest, quiet) -GL:23

I
I (1st pers. sg) iny iny iny iny (independent pronoun,
used for emphasis: *"even I"), -n nn n or - -- -ny ny ny ny
(endings used on verbs, e.g. van van van van, vny vny vny vny "I [-n nn n/-
ny ny ny ny] will not", maruvan maruvan maruvan maruvan "I [- -- -n nn n] will abide"). The
long form - -- -nye nye nye nye must be used if another
pronominal ending is to be added after it:
utvienyes utvienyes utvienyes utvienyes, "I [- -- -nye nye nye nye- -- -] have found it [-s ss s]". In the
"Arctic" sentence, ni ni ni ni is translated "I"; this may be
a shorter (non-emphatic?) form of iny iny iny iny. The
dative pronoun nin nin nin nin "for me" is transparently ni ni ni ni +
the dative ending -n nn n; other case endings may

also be added to ni ni ni ni. -LR:61, WJ:371,
LotR:1008/1003, Arct
ICE helc helc helc helc; ICE-COLD helca helca helca helca (the final -a aa a is
missing in the printed Etymologies, entry KHEL,
but VT45:21 confirms that this is a typo; the full
form also occurs in LT1:254 and Silm) -
LT1:254/Silm:433/KHEL
IDEA intya intya intya intya (guess, suppostition), inca inca inca inca (cited
with a final hyphen in the source, but it does not
seem to be a verbal stem); *selma selma selma selma ( ) ("a fixed
idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as
elma elma elma elma, but (th th th th) would become s s s s in the Noldorin
Quenya. Cf. i i i ind nd nd nd, sind sind sind sind in WJ:384; see GREY)
-INK, VT45:18, WJ:319
IDOL cordon cordon cordon cordon -LT1:257
IDRIL Itaril Itaril Itaril Itaril, Itarill Itarill Itarill Itarill, Itarild Itarild Itarild Itarild (obsoleting Irild Irild Irild Irild in
LT2) -PM:346/Silm:436, LT2:343
IF mai mai mai mai; IF ANYBODY aiquen aiquen aiquen aiquen (whoever) -
PE14:59, WJ:372
ILL laiwa laiwa laiwa laiwa (sick, sickly) -SLIW
ILL-SHAPEN nauca nauca nauca nauca (hard, twisted, *small - see
SMALL.) -WJ:413
ILLUMINATE calya calya calya calya- -- - -KAL
IMAGINATION naus naus naus naus ( ) -NOWO
IMMORTAL ilfirin ilfirin ilfirin ilfirin -PHIR
IMMOVEABLE tulca tulca tulca tulca (firm, strong, steadfast;
Note: there is a homophone meaning "fix, set up,
establish") -TULUK cf. LT1:270
IMPLEMENT (prob. noun) yaima yaima yaima yaima -GL:37
IMPEDED tapta tapta tapta tapta; nominal pl. taptar taptar taptar taptar was used =
tapta tengwi tapta tengwi tapta tengwi tapta tengwi "impeded elements", a term for
consonants (sg. #tapta tengw tapta tengw tapta tengw tapta tengw; in the pl. we
would rather expect *tapt tengwi tapt tengwi tapt tengwi tapt tengwi with the pl.
form of the adjective). -VT39:17
IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOUNT nyrima nyrima nyrima nyrima ("sc.
because all the facts are not known, or the tale is
too long"), IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY/PUT INTO
WORDS qutima qutima qutima qutima (unpronounceable,
unspeakable), A THING IMPOSSIBLE TO BE
OR TO BE DONE nat nat nat nat -WJ:370, VT39:26
IMPULSE felm felm felm felm (emotion), hr hr hr hr; BODY-
IMPULSE hroafelm hroafelm hroafelm hroafelm (impulses provided by the
body, e.g. physical fear, hunger, thirst, sexual
desire), SPIRIT-IMPULSE fafelm fafelm fafelm fafelm (impulses
originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger,
hate); IMPULSIVE hra hra hra hra (the gloss "impulsion"
in the printed Etymologies is a misreading,
VT45:22); HAVE AN IMPULSE horya horya horya horya- (be
compelled to do something, set vigorously out to
do) -KHOR, VT41:19 cf. 13, VT45:22
IN mi mi mi mi (within), imi imi imi imi; IN THE m m m m (for *mi i *mi i *mi i *mi i?) (The
version of Nam in LotR has mi mi mi mi where the version
in RGEO has the more correct form m m m m.) IN or
AT: s s s s, se se se se (the form with a long vowel may be
preferred since se se se se is apparently also a 3rd
person pronoun) This preposition s s s s is
apparently related to the locative ending -ss ss ss ss
(plural -ssen ssen ssen ssen, dual -ts ts ts ts) that would be the most
typical way of expressing "in, on, at" in Quenya.
IN, INWARDS, see separate entry INWARDS. -
MI, VT43:30/VT44:18, 34, Nam, RGEO:66,
VT43:30, 34
IN- (prefix denying presence or possession of
thing or quality) - (not-, un-) -VT39:14;
according to LR:396 s.v. UGU, this prefix usually
has a "bad sense", cf. vanimor vanimor vanimor vanimor "fair folk" vs.
vanimor vanimor vanimor vanimor "monsters".
INADEQUATE penya penya penya penya (pl. peny peny peny peny is attested)
(lacking). INADEQUATE SIGN #penya tengwe penya tengwe penya tengwe penya tengwe
(only pl. peny tengwi peny tengwi peny tengwi peny tengwi is attested). This term,
also translated "lacking signs", was used in early
Elvish analysis of Quenya as the term for vowels
with no preceding consonant, held (in many
cases incorrectly) to have lost such a consonant.
-VT39:6, 8
IN A VERY GREAT NUMBER va va va va (abundant)
-UB
INCARNATE (noun) #mirroanw #mirroanw #mirroanw #mirroanw (only pl.
mirroanwi mirroanwi mirroanwi mirroanwi "incarnates" is attested) -MR:350
INCITEMENT siul siul siul siul -SIW
INCLINE (noun) talta talta talta talta -TALT
INCLINED penda penda penda penda (sloping down) -PEN
INDEED (interjection) . Can be prefixed to
sentences, as in e man antavro? e man antavro? e man antavro? e man antavro? "What will he
give indeed?" (LR:63); this e ee e would seem to be a
short variant of . -VT45:11, LR:63
INDICATE tana tana tana tana- -- - (show) (Note: tana tana tana tana also means
"that"), ta ta ta ta- (note: not to be confused with the
noun ta ta ta ta "straight line, road"); INDICATION
tengw tengw tengw tengw (sign, token, writing - pl tengwi tengwi tengwi tengwi is
attested) INDICATED (adj) teng teng teng teng. -MR:385,
VT39:6, WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK, VT39:6
INDUCE sahta sahta sahta sahta- ( ) (referring primarily to
inducing someone to do something against their
will or conscience). -VT43:22
INDUCEMENT TO DO WRONG #saht saht saht sahti i i i
(temptation). Attested in the allative case
(sahtienna sahtienna sahtienna sahtienna). -VT43:23
INLANDS Mittalmar Mittalmar Mittalmar Mittalmar (the central region of
Nmenor) -UT:165, 454
INNER MIND r r r r (heart) (Note: a homophone
means "rising") -LotR:1157
INSERT mitta mitta mitta mitta- -VT43:30
INSIDE, TO THE mir mir mir mir, min min min minna na na na (into) -MI
INSIGHT tercen tercen tercen tercen; OF INSIGHT, lit
*INSIGHTFUL #tercenya tercenya tercenya tercenya (only pl terceny terceny terceny terceny is
attested) -MR:230
INTELLECT handel handel handel handel; INTELLIGENCE
handass handass handass handass; INTELLIGENT handa handa handa handa (understanding)
-KHAN
INTERCHANGE OF THOUGHT (= telepathy)
sanw sanw sanw sanw (communication of thought). -VT39:26

INTERIOR (adj) mitya mitya mitya mitya -MI
INTO mir mir mir mir, minna minna minna minna (to the inside), variant mina mina mina mina. -
MI, VT43:30
INVENT auta auta auta auta- (devise, originate) (Note: a
homophone means "pass"); INVENTION aul aul aul aul
-GAWA
INWARDS - a word imb imb imb imb said to be the adverb
"in(wards)" appears in VT45:18 (not clearly
identified as a Quenya word), but in LotR, imb imb imb imb
is the preposition "between".
INZILADN Palantir Palantir Palantir Palantir -UT:223, Silm:324
IRELAND verind verind verind verind- -- - (As indicated by the hyphen,
some ending is needed - a Quenya word cannot
end in nd nd nd nd. The normal form must be *verin verin verin verin,
becoming verind(e) verind(e) verind(e) verind(e)- -- - before an ending, e.g.
genitive *verindo verindo verindo verindo, locative *verindess verindess verindess verindess [cf.
Lrien Lrien Lrien Lrien, locative Lriendess Lriendess Lriendess Lriendess]. The name is also
given as werin werin werin werin or Iverindor Iverindor Iverindor Iverindor, "an island off the
west coast of Tol Eressa" - Eressa later
becoming England in this early version of
Tolkien's mythology.) -LT2:344, cf 285
IRON anga anga anga anga, IRON or STEEL er er er er, eren eren eren eren; OF
IRON angaina angaina angaina angaina; IRON-HANDED Angamait Angamait Angamait Angamait;
IRON-GAOL Angamando Angamando Angamando Angamando (Angband) -
ANG/LotR:1157, LT1:252, LT1:249, 268,
Letters:425 cf. LotR:1085, MR:350
RITH Iriss Iriss Iriss Iriss -PM:345
IS see BE
ISLAND, ISLE lna lna lna lna, tol tol tol tol (stem toll toll toll toll- as in the pl
tolli tolli tolli tolli; the plural was misread as "tolle" in the
Etymologies as printed in LR, see VT46:19).
According to Silm:438, tol tol tol tol is used of islands
"rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a
river". LT1:269 defines a tol tol tol tol as "any rise standing
alone in water, plain of green, etc.") THE
LONELY ISLE Tol Eressa Tol Eressa Tol Eressa Tol Eressa (tol tol tol tol "isle" often being
omitted) -LONO, TOL/VT46:19, RGEO:70
ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen tolmen tolmen tolmen (boss of
shield) -LT1:269
ISOLATED TOWER mindo mindo mindo mindo -MINI
ISOLATED TREE orn orn orn orn -R-NI- (see ORO)
ISSUE usw usw usw usw (escape) -LT1:251
ISSUE OF WATER ehtel ehtel ehtel ehtel (fountain, spring) -
KEL
ISTHMUS yanw yanw yanw yanw (bridge, joining) -YAT
IT #sa sa sa sa (sa sa sa sa in VT43:29 seems to mean "with
it"), - -- -s s s s (pronominal ending, e.g. utvienyes utvienyes utvienyes utvienyes, "I
have found [utvienye utvienye utvienye utvienye- -- -] it [- -- -s ss s]") It is uncertain
what the independent word "it, even it" might be;
see HE. *ITS - -- -rya rya rya rya (possessive suffix, only
attested with the meanings "his" and "her" [q.v.],
but related forms suggest that this ending covers
the entire 3rd pers. sg.) In the Etymologies,
Tolkien defined ta ta ta ta as "that, it", but later, he
turned ta ta ta ta into a plural pronoun instead
("they/them", with reference to non-persons). -
VT43:29, LotR:1008, WJ:369, TA

J
JACKET v vv vacco acco acco acco (cloak) -GL:21
JAIL see GAOL
JANUARY Narviny Narviny Narviny Narviny (In LT1:252, the word for
January is avestalis avestalis avestalis avestalis, and the latter part of the
month is called Erintion Erintion Erintion Erintion, but these words are
hardly conceptually valid in LotR-style Quenya.) -
LotR:1144
JAW anca anca anca anca (translated "jaws" in the appendices
to LotR and Silm, but anca anca anca anca is sg and is glossed
"jaw" in Etym. GL:37 has c c c c [spelt "k"]) -
LotR:1157, Silm:427, NAK
JERK (vb) rihta rihta rihta rihta- -- - (give quick twist or move),
(noun:) rinca rinca rinca rinca (twitch, trick, sudden move) -
RIK(H), VT46:11 cf. RIK(H)
JESUS Ysus Ysus Ysus Ysus -VT43:31
JEWEL mr mr mr mr (pl. mri mri mri mri is attested); SHINING
JEWEL miril miril miril miril (treasure, precious thing). *NOLDO-
JEWEL (= Silmaril) Noldomr Noldomr Noldomr Noldomr, Noldomr Noldomr Noldomr Noldomr; WITH
ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimri carnimri carnimri carnimri (a pl
form? Sg *carnimra carnimra carnimra carnimra? Letters:224 has c cc carne arne arne arne- -- -
instead of carni carni carni carni- -- -.) JEWEL OF YAVANNA
yavannamr yavannamr yavannamr yavannamr (a flagrant evergreen tree with
scarlet fruit, brought to Nmenor by the Eldar) -
MIR/Silm:434, Nam, GOL/VT46:3, LotR:505 cf.
Letters:224, UT:472
JOINING (noun) yanw yanw yanw yanw (isthmus, bridge) -YAT
JOY ala ala ala alass ss ss ss (merriment) -GALS
JUDGE (vb) #nam nam nam nam- (1st person aorist namin namin namin namin "I
judge" in VT41:13), JUDGE (noun) Nmo Nmo Nmo Nmo
(Ordainer - the name of a Vala. In MR:150,
though, Nmo Nmo Nmo Nmo is glossed JUDGEMENT [of what
is]). Note: a homophone nmo nmo nmo nmo means "person". -
Silm:411
JUDGEMENT nmi nmi nmi nmi defined as "a (single)
judgement" or "a (single) desire". A
JUDGEMENT nma nma nma nma (desire). JUDGEMENT (of
what is) Nmo Nmo Nmo Nmo (but this is elsewhere glossed
"Ordainer", and the ending -o oo o normally does

indicate something animate/masculine rather
than something abstract). -VT41:13, MR:150
JUICE sva sva sva sva, pirya pirya pirya pirya (syrup) -SAB, PIS
JULY Cermi Cermi Cermi Cermi -LotR:1144
JUNE Nri Nri Nri Nri -LotR:1144
JUPITER Alcarinqu Alcarinqu Alcarinqu Alcarinqu (Basic Quenya:24, cf.
Silm:55. According to LT1:260, Morwen Morwen Morwen Morwen (there
translated "daughter of the dark") is a name of
Jupiter, but this may not be a valid word in
Tolkien's later Quenya. LT1:265 also mentions
Silindo Silindo Silindo Silindo as a name of this planet.
JUST faila faila faila faila (fair-minded, generous) -PM:352

K
KEEN laica laica laica laica (the printed Etymologies has a final
-e ee e instead of -a aa a, but this is a misreading; see
VT45:25) (sharp, acute, *piercing); KEENNESS
(of perception) laic laic laic laic (acuteness). The conceptual
validity of these words is questionable; see
PIERCING. -LAIK
KEEPING (safe) mando mando mando mando (custody) -MR:350
KHAZAD-DM Casarrondo Casarrondo Casarrondo Casarrondo (Dwarrowvault) -
WJ:389
KILL, see SLAY
KIN noss noss noss noss (house, people) -LT1:250,
272/LT2:338
KIND nostal nostal nostal nostal (species) -LT1:272
KINDLE tinta tinta tinta tinta- -- - (cause to sparkle), narta narta narta narta-; in
older [TLT] materiel also turu turu turu turu- -- -, tunda tunda tunda tunda- -- - (Note:
there is a homophone meaning "tall") -Silm:438,
VT45:37, LT1:270
KING aran aran aran aran (pl arani arani arani arani is attested) In Etym, the
Quenya word for "king, chieftain" is haran haran haran haran pl.
harni harni harni harni, but evidence from LotR, WJ and UT
shows that Tolkien changed it to aran aran aran aran pl arani arani arani arani.
Cf. asa aranion asa aranion asa aranion asa aranion "kingsfoil", i arani Eldaron i arani Eldaron i arani Eldaron i arani Eldaron "the
Kings of the Eldar", Arandor Arandor Arandor Arandor "kingsland", aranya aranya aranya aranya
* ** *"my king", arandil arandil arandil arandil "king's friend, royalist", and
arandur arandur arandur arandur "king's servant, minister".) LT1:273 has
vardar vardar vardar vardar "king", but this is hardly a valid word in
LotR-style Quenya. KINGLY BULL Aramund Aramund Aramund Aramund
(this may not be pure Quenya) -3AR, LotR:899,
WJ:369, UT:165, 193, 313, Letters:386, 423
KINGDOM #arani arani arani arani (attested with the suffix -lya lya lya lya
"thy" added). Earlier versions of the text in
question had other forms: #turinasta turinasta turinasta turinasta, #turindi turindi turindi turindi
(both also occurring with a long ). -VT43:12, 15
KINGSFISHER halatirno halatirno halatirno halatirno, halatir halatir halatir halatir (halatirn halatirn halatirn halatirn- -- -) (lit.
"fishwatcher") -SKAL
2
, TIR
KNIGHT roquen roquen roquen roquen (rider, horseman) -UT:282 cf.
WJ:372
KNOB tolos tolos tolos tolos (lump) -LT1:269
KNOCK (keep on knocking) tamba tamba tamba tamba- -- - -TAM
KNOLL nla nla nla nla -NDOL
KNOT narda narda narda narda, nt nt nt nt (bond). Pl. probably *nter nter nter nter
not *nti *nti *nti *nti; cf. the similar formation tyv tyv tyv tyv "taste", pl
tyver tyver tyver tyver. -SNAR, NU
KNOW ista ista ista ista (pa.t. sint sint sint sint); KNOW ABOUT hanya hanya hanya hanya-
(understand, be skilled in dealing with),
KNOWLEDGE hand hand hand hand (understanding), ista ista ista ista,
istya istya istya istya, iss iss iss iss (lore), nl nl nl nl (long study, lore, wisdom).
(In Etym this word is spelt with initial , that is,
accordingly. Nl Nl Nl Nl is so spelt also in Silm:432.
But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n n n n
should be transcribed with the letter noldo noldo noldo noldo, not
nmen nmen nmen nmen.) HAVING KNOWLEDGE istima istima istima istima (wise,
learned) -IS/LT2:339; KHAN, GOL, Silm:432
K-SERIES calmatma calmatma calmatma calmatma -LotR:1154

L
LABIALS parmatma parmatma parmatma parmatma (p-series); LABIALIZED
SERIES quessetma quessetma quessetma quessetma -LotR:1154
LABERNUM Lindelokt Lindelokt Lindelokt Lindelokt (singing cluster). (So in
LT1:258, but Tolkien later decided that kt kt kt kt

became ht ht ht ht in Quenya. Read *Lindeloht *Lindeloht *Lindeloht *Lindeloht?) -
LT1:258
LABOUR (vb) mta mta mta mta- -- - (toil), moia moia moia moia- (be afflicted) -
M, VT43:31
LACKING penya penya penya penya (pl. peny peny peny peny is attested)
(inadequate). LACKING SIGN #penya tengwe penya tengwe penya tengwe penya tengwe
(only pl. peny tengwi peny tengwi peny tengwi peny tengwi is attested). This term,
also translated "indadequate signs", was used in
early Elvish analysis of Quenya as the term for
vowels with no preceding consonant, held (in
many cases incorrectly) to have lost such a
consonant. -VT39:6, 8
LADY heri heri heri heri -KHER, LT1:272 (GL:45 has
quimell quimell quimell quimell). A quite different word which Tolkien
also translated "Lady" is massni massni massni massni, literally
"breadgiver", the title of the "Lady" or the highest
among the elven-women of any people, she
having the right to keep or give away lembas
bread. See PM:404.
LAKE ailin ailin ailin ailin (pool) (LT2:339 also has ailo ailo ailo ailo),
ringw ringw ringw ringw (cold lake, pool [in mountains]). In the
Etymologies as printed in LR, this word is cited
as "ringe", but according to VT46:11, ringw ringw ringw ringw is
the proper reading. -AY/LT2:339, RINGI/VT46:11
LAMENT (vb) naina naina naina naina- -- - (also longer nainaina nainaina nainaina nainaina-),
nyna nyna nyna nyna-; LAMENT (noun) naini naini naini naini, nair nair nair nair -
NAY/VT45:37, LT1:262, RGEO:66
LAMP calma calma calma calma (light) -KAL/LotR:1157
LAND nr nr nr nr (dwelling-place, race, country,
region where certain people live, nation, native
land, family), nr nr nr nr (meaning '"'land' as opposed to
water or sea", WJ:413). In compounds #- -- -ndor ndor ndor ndor
(when the first part of the compound end in a
vowel, e.g. Valandor Valandor Valandor Valandor "Vala-land", alternative form
of Valinor Valinor Valinor Valinor), or - -- -nor nor nor nor, -dor dor dor dor (the latter can only occur
when the first part of the compound ends in - -- -l ll l, - -- -r rr r,
or - -- -n nn n; in other combinations d d d d cannot occur in
Noldorin Quenya). Another ending occurring in
the names of lands is -sta sta sta sta (see VT43:15). Cf.
also lna lna lna lna (remote land difficult to reach, island.
Note: a homophone means "dark"); WESTLAND
Nmenor Nmenor Nmenor Nmenor, Nmenr Nmenr Nmenr Nmenr (Westernesse); LAND OF
GIFT (a name of Nmenor) Andor Andor Andor Andor (< * ** *Annandor Annandor Annandor Annandor,
see GIFT), LAND OF THE WEST Nmendor Nmendor Nmendor Nmendor -
NDOR/N/Silm:430/ WJ:413, LONO, Silm:414,
313, 430
LANGUAGE quetil quetil quetil quetil (tongue, talk), lamb lamb lamb lamb
(tongue. The latter was "the usual word, in non-
technical use, for 'language'." (WJ:394) Only the
Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta
"system or code of signs" instead; this word is
also glossed "grammar".) Notice that lamb lamb lamb lamb is
also used for "dialect" (VT39:15). LANGUAGE
(as an abstract, the ability to speak or the "art" of
making speech) tengwesti tengwesti tengwesti tengwesti. LANGUAGE with
especial reference to phonology: Lambel Lambel Lambel Lambel.
LANGUAGE OF THE VALAR Lamb Valarinwa Lamb Valarinwa Lamb Valarinwa Lamb Valarinwa
(lit. *"Valarin language"), LANGUAGE OF THE
ELDAR Eldari Eldari Eldari Eldarissa ssa ssa ssa (the latter may not be a valid
word in LotR-style Quenya) -KWET/VT45:25,
WJ:394, 397, VT39:15, LT2:339
LARCH fin fin fin fin (stem *fini fini fini fini-) -SPIN (the word is also
glossed "a single hair", PM:362)
LARGE alta alta alta alta, alat alat alat alat- -- - (great in size) (Tolkien's
definition of this word was actually illegible, but
see GREAT), va va va va (very large, abundant, in a
very great number), ra ra ra ra (note: a homophone
means "nasty, evil"; some would say these later
glosses render the word ra ra ra ra = "large" obsolete.)
-LAT, UB, UR
LARK lirulin lirulin lirulin lirulin (prob. *lirulind lirulind lirulind lirulind- -- -, cf. lindo lindo lindo lindo "singing
bird") -MR:238/252, LIN
2

LAST (adj.) tella tella tella tella (hindmost), telda telda telda telda (final),
mtima mtima mtima mtima (final, ultimate), telwa telwa telwa telwa (late), LAST YEAR
yenya yenya yenya yenya; LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien quantien quantien quantien, THE
LAST-COMERS Teleri Teleri Teleri Teleri (the Hindmost) -TELES,
WJ:411, MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:267, YEN,
Silm:421
LASTING vr vr vr vr (adj.?), also vra vra vra vra (continuous,
enduring); LASTING QUALITY voronwi voronwi voronwi voronwi
(endurance) -VT45:7, BORN
LATE telwa telwa telwa telwa (last) -LT1:267
LAUGH lala lala lala lala- -PM:359 cf. 343. (Note: a
homophone means "deny".) Past tense perhaps
*land land land land, given the derivation stated (whereas lala lala lala lala
"deny" might have the past tense *lalan lalan lalan lalan or
*lall lall lall lall).
LAW sany sany sany sany ( ) (rule), axan axan axan axan (rule,
commandment, as proceeding primarily from
Eru; pl. axani axani axani axani is attested); LAW-ABIDING sanya sanya sanya sanya
( ) (normal, regular) (variant voros voros voros vorosanya anya anya anya with a
prefixed element meaning "ever"). -STAN,
WJ:399, VT39:30, 23, VT46:16
LAWN palis palis palis palis (sward) -LT1:264
LAY lirilla lirilla lirilla lirilla (song) -LT1:258
LEAD tulya tulya tulya tulya- (+ allative: lead into). Another form
of similar meaning, mittanya mittanya mittanya mittanya-, was possibly
abandoned by Tolkien. -VT43:22
LEAD (the metal) canu canu canu canu, LEADEN canuva canuva canuva canuva -
LT1:268
LEAF lass lass lass lass (pl. lassi lassi lassi lassi is attested); HAVING
MANY LEAVES lillassa lillassa lillassa lillassa (pl lillassi lillassi lillassi lillassi is attested);
COLLECTION OF LEAVES olassi olassi olassi olassi (foliage);
PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta lohta lohta lohta- -- -
(altered from the actual reading lokta lokta lokta lokta because
Quenya) (sprout). LEAF-SHAPED lassecanta lassecanta lassecanta lassecanta;
LEAF-FALL lasselanta lasselanta lasselanta lasselanta (autumn or the beginning
of winter; see also FADING); LEAF-GREY
lassemista lassemista lassemista lassemista -LAS
1
, Nam, VT39:9, LT1:254,
MC:222, 223, Letters:282, LT1:258, KAT,
LotR:505 cf. Letters:224

LEAGUE lr lr lr lr (basic meaning "pause" - in
marches a brief halt was made for each league).
A lr lr lr lr was defined as five thousand rangar rangar rangar rangar; see
YARD. A ranga ranga ranga ranga was approximately 38 inches, so
a lr lr lr lr was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches
[ca. 4826 meters], supposing the equivalence to
be exact" - close enough to our league of 5280
yards to justify this translation. -UT:285
LEANING talta talta talta talta (sloping, tilted) -TALT
LEAP halta halta halta halta- -- -; LEAPING haloit haloit haloit haloit (pl. haloisi haloisi haloisi haloisi is
attested) -LT1:254
LEARNED istima istima istima istima (wise, having knowledge),
nla nla nla nla (wise). (In Etym, the latter word is spelt with
LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the
spelling of the related word nl nl nl nl in Silm:432. But
if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n n n n
nmen nmen nmen nmen.) LEARNED MAN istyar istyar istyar istyar (scholar) -IS,
GOL
LEAVE (vb) auta auta auta auta- -- - (go away, pass), pa.t. oant oant oant oant,
another place]") or vn vn vn vn ("the most frequently
used past [tense]" - less "physical" than oant oant oant oant,
meaning "disappeared" rather than "went
away"), perf. avni avni avni avni (pl avnier avnier avnier avnier is attested); perf.
vni vni vni vni with no augment may occur in verse. For
"leave", Etym also has lesta lesta lesta lesta, pa.t. lend lend lend lend; this is
also the past tense of "go". The stem from which
lesta lesta lesta lesta- -- - is derived was "replaced" by another.
Lesta Lesta Lesta Lesta has a wholly different meaning in later
writings; see GIRDLE, MEASURE. LEAVE OUT
hehta hehta hehta hehta- -- - (pa.t. heht heht heht hehtan an an an is given but seems
perfectly regular) (put aside, exclude, abandon,
forsake) -WJ:366, ELED
LEAVE (noun) - with leave of: lenm lenm lenm lenm (+
genitive)
LEFT hyarya hyarya hyarya hyarya; LEFT-HANDED hyarmait hyarmait hyarmait hyarmait (stem
*hyarmaiti hyarmaiti hyarmaiti hyarmaiti-)
LEG telco telco telco telco (pl. telqui telqui telqui telqui) (stem) -TELK
LEGENDARIUM OF THE FATHERS OF MEN
Atanatrion Atanatrion Atanatrion Atanatrion (lit. simply "of the Fathers of Men") -
MR:373
LEGOLAS Laiqualass Laiqualass Laiqualass Laiqualass -LT1:267
LEMBAS coimas coimas coimas coimas (life-bread) (prob. coimast coimast coimast coimast[a aa a]-,
cf. masta masta masta masta "bread") (life-bread) -Silm:406/429
LENGTHENED taina taina taina taina (extended, stretched,
elongated); LENGTHENING tail tail tail tail (extension) -
TAY cf. VT39:7
LESS mis mis mis mis (adverb); suffix -LESS -lra lra lra lra (=
"without"; this -lra lra lra lra is a suffix used to derive
adjectives; Tolkien gave the example malra malra malra malra
"voiceless"). The earlier "Qenya" suffix -vilt vilt vilt vilt, -
valta valta valta valta of similar meaning may not be valid in
LotR-style Quenya. -PE14:80, VT45:28, GL:23
LESSEN pca pca pca pca (part. #pcala pcala pcala pcala is attested)
(dwindle) -MC:223, 222
LET (see ALLOW); LET GO lerya lerya lerya lerya (release, set
free), LET GO or LET LOOSE sen sen sen sen- (to free). -
VT41:5, 6; VT43:18
LETTER ten ten ten tengwa gwa gwa gwa (pl. tengwar tengwar tengwar tengwar is attested; this
word was used primarily of the Fanorian letters.
However, the term "Tengwar of Rmil" occurring
in LotR:1151 seems to indicate that the word
tengwa tengwa tengwa tengwa can indeed be used of a letter of any
kind, not only the Fanorian letters. In non-
technical use tengwa tengwa tengwa tengwa may also be translated
"consonant" [q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa tengwa tengwa tengwa
"letter" can be used in the sense mail, text sent
in the post; the primary meaning is clearly
"character, a single symbol in writing".) sarat sarat sarat sarat (pl.
sar sar sar sarati ati ati ati is attested) - an older [MET] word Tolkien
notes was used of "a 'letter' or any individual
significant mark", used of the Rmilian letters
after the invention of the Fanorian Tengwar (but
cf. the term "Tengwar of Rmil" mentioned
above). -TEK, WJ:396, LotR:1151
LIBERTY (see FREE); DEPRIVE OF
LIBERTY avalerya avalerya avalerya avalerya- (bind, make fast, restrain) -
VT41:5, 6
LICK salpa salpa salpa salpa- -- - (sup, sip), lavin lavin lavin lavin ("I lick", 1st pers.
aorist; past tense #lv #lv #lv #lv is attested in the word
undulv undulv undulv undulv "downlicked" in Nam); LICK
(frequentatively) lapsa lapsa lapsa lapsa- -- - -SLAP cf. LT1:266,
DAB/Nam
LIE (noun, = untruth) furu furu furu furu -LT2:340, GL:36
LIE (vb, not "tell a lie" but "lie [horisontally]")
caita caita caita caita- -- -; LIE HEAVY lumna lumna lumna lumna- -- - (Note: this is also an
adjective meaning "lying heavy") -
Nam/RGEO:67, DUB
LIFE cuil cuil cuil cuil (being alive; obsoleting coi coi coi coi, coir coir coir coir in
LT1:257; the latter means "stirring, spring" in
Tolkien's later Quenya); NEW LIFE laito laito laito laito, laisi laisi laisi laisi
(vigour, youth), LIFE-BREAD coimas coimas coimas coimas (prob.
coimast coimast coimast coimast[a aa a]-, cf. masta masta masta masta "bread") (lembas) -KUY,
LT1:267, Silm:406/429
LIFT UP orta orta orta orta- -- - (raise, rise; pa.t. ortan ortan ortan ortan is
attested) -Nam/ORO/RGEO:67
LIGHT cl cl cl cl, cala cala cala cala; A LIGHT calina calina calina calina (which is
basically the adjective "light", but it is used
substantively in coacalina coacalina coacalina coacalina; see LIGHT OF THE
HOUSE under HOUSE), calma calma calma calma (lamp), LIGHT
(adj) calina calina calina calina; RAY OF LIGHT alca alca alca alca; GLITTERING
LIGHT rilma rilma rilma rilma; STARLIGHT or LIGHT OF
SILPION (Telperion) silm silm silm silm (silver),
MOONLIGHT isilm isilm isilm isilm; FLASHING OR [?STARRY]
LIGHT l l l l; EMIT LIGHT faina faina faina faina- -- -; LIGHT-ELVES,
ELVES OF THE LIGHT Calaquendi Calaquendi Calaquendi Calaquendi; LIGHT-
CLEFT Calacirya Calacirya Calacirya Calacirya (gen. Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo is attested) -
KAL, MR:250, AKLA-R, RIL, SIL/LotR:1157,

MC:223, VT45:12 PHAY, WJ:361/Silm:61,
RGEO:70/Nam
LIKE (prep) ve ve ve ve (as) -Nam/RGEO:66, 67
LILY indil indil indil indil ("or other large single flower"), nnu nnu nnu nnu
(= yellow water lily) -WJ:399, LT1:248
LINE OF SURF falass falass falass falass (beach, shore) -
Silm:431
LINDI Lindi Lindi Lindi Lindi (What the Nandorin Elves called
themselves; the word could be adopted
unchanged into Exilic Quenya. Sg #Lind #Lind #Lind #Lind?) -
WJ:385
LINDIL Sindarin form of LINDI, q.v. -WJ:385
LINDON Lindon Lindon Lindon Lindon, Lindn Lindn Lindn Lindn -WJ:385
LINGER lenda lenda lenda lenda- -VT45:27
LINE ti ti ti ti (path, direction, course, way, road), ta ta ta ta
(straight line, road) (note: not to be confused with
the verb ta ta ta ta- "indicate"), tma tma tma tma (row, series) (pl.
tmar tmar tmar tmar is attested in LotR:1153) -TE3/RGEO:67,
TE
LIP p p p p (so according to a late source; glossed
"mouth" in the Etymologies, stem PEG), dual
peu peu peu peu "the two lips, the mouth-opening". Early
"Qenya" had cla cla cla cla for "lip". -VT39:9, GN:24
LION r r r r (pl rvi rvi rvi rvi) (so in Etym; LT1:260 has rau rau rau rau,
but pl rvi rvi rvi rvi is the same.) (Note: r r r r is also a
preposition meaning "on behalf of".) SHE-LION
ravenn ravenn ravenn ravenn -RAW, LT1:260
LIQUID (adj) srima srima srima srima (flowing) -LT1:265
LISTEN lasta lasta lasta lasta-; LISTENING (adj) lasta lasta lasta lasta (hearing)
-LAS
2

LITTLE titta titta titta titta (tiny). LITTLE ELF Teler Teler Teler Teler, Telell Telell Telell Telell
(adj. telera telera telera telera, telella telella telella telella) -TIT, LT1:267
LO! ela ela ela ela (look! see!) (directing sight to an
actually visible object) -WJ:362 cf. 360
LOAF corn corn corn corn -LT1:257
LOATHE yelta yelta yelta yelta- -- - (abhor); LOATHING (noun)
yelm yelm yelm yelm ("yelma" in the published Etymologies is a
misreading, VT45:11); LOATHSOME yelwa yelwa yelwa yelwa -
DYEL, VT45:11
LOCK OF HAIR find find find find (tress), fass fass fass fass (shaggy
lock, tangled hair) -SPIN
LOFTY tra tra tra tra (tall, high); compare antara antara antara antara "very
lofty". (According to Letters:282, Varda Varda Varda Varda means
"Lofty" [WJ:402 has "the Sublime"], but this word
should probably not be used as a common
adjective.) LOFTY TOWER see TOWER. -
T/Silm:437/LT1:264, VT45:36, VT46:17
LOGDRAWING turuhalm turuhalm turuhalm turuhalm -LT1:270
LONELY eressa eressa eressa eressa; LONELY ISLE Tol Eressa Tol Eressa Tol Eressa Tol Eressa
(tol tol tol tol "isle" often being omitted) -ERE, RGEO:70
LONG (adj) anda anda anda anda, sra sra sra sra (trailing); LONG AND
THIN lenwa lenwa lenwa lenwa (straight, narrow); LONG (adverb, of
time:) andav andav andav andav; LONG YEAR (144 solar years, an
Elvish "century") yn yn yn yn (pl. yni yni yni yni is attested) LONG-
MARK andatehta andatehta andatehta andatehta -NAD, LT2:344, 341,
LotR:989, Nam/LotR:1141/YEN, TEK
LONG FOR milya milya milya milya- -- - (Note: milya milya milya milya is also an
adjective "soft, gentle, weak"); GREAT
LONGING mavoin mavoin mavoin mavoin -MIL-IK, LT2:345
LONG-LASTING voronwa voronwa voronwa voronwa (enduring) -BORN
LOOK AT yta yta yta yta- -- -; LOOK! (interj) en en en en (there, look!
yonder) LOOK! ela ela ela ela (lo! see!) (directing sight to
an actually visible object) -LT1:262, EN, WJ:362
cf. 360
LOOM (noun) lanwa lanwa lanwa lanwa, in Tolkien's early "Qenya"
also windel windel windel windel -LAN, LT1:254
LOOSE lenca lenca lenca lenca- -- - (in the printed Etymologies, the
n nn n of this word was misread as u uu u, VT45:27), lehta lehta lehta lehta- -- -
(slacken). LET LOOSE sen sen sen sen- (let go, free) -LEK,
VT43:18
LORD heru heru heru heru, hr hr hr hr, as final part of compounds:
#her #her #her #her, e.g. Ostoh Ostoh Ostoh Ostoher er er er *"City-Lord". The form Hru Hru Hru Hru
with a long occurs in VT43:28, 29 (where i i i i
Hru Hru Hru Hru "the Lord" refers to God). LORDSHIP hr hr hr hr;
LORD OF TREES Aldaron Aldaron Aldaron Aldaron (a name of Orom) -
LT1:272, Silm:432, Letters:282, VT44:12,
LotR:1122, Silm:32, 378, VT41:9
LORE nl nl nl nl (long study, wisdom, knowledge),
ingol ingol ingol ingol (deep lore, magic [in WJ:382, the gloss
is simply "lore", and the word is not stated to be
poetic]), iss iss iss iss; SECRET LORE nolw nolw nolw nolw (wisdom).
(These forms obsolete nlem nlem nlem nlem in LT1:263. In
some sources, nl nl nl nl and nolw nolw nolw nolw are spelt with
LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the
spelling of the related word nl nl nl nl in Silm:432. But
if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n n n n
nmen nmen nmen nmen.) LOREMASTER ingolmo ingolmo ingolmo ingolmo (In
Lambengolmor Lambengolmor Lambengolmor Lambengolmor "Loremasters of Tongues" the
initial i i i i of ingolmo ingolmo ingolmo ingolmo [pl ingolmor ingolmor ingolmor ingolmor] has disappeared;
perhaps #ngolmo #ngolmo #ngolmo #ngolmo is the form used in compounds
when the first part of the compound ends in a
vowel.) -GOL, LT2:339, WJ:382, WJ:383/396
LOST vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa (gone, departed, vanished, past
and over, no longer to be had, dead); ONE
LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil hecil hecil hecil
(gender-spesific forms are hecilo hecilo hecilo hecilo m. and hecil hecil hecil hecil
f.) (waif, outcast, outlaw) -WAN, Nam, WJ:366,
365
LOT marto marto marto marto (fortune, fate) -LT2:348
LOUD SOUND rma rma rma rma (trumpet-sound) (Note:
rma rma rma rma also means "shoulder".) MUSICAL SOUND
lin lin lin lin (lind lind lind lind- -- -) (melody) -ROM, LotR:488 cf.
Letters:308
LOVE (vb, love as friend) mel mel mel mel- -- -; LOVE (noun)
melm melm melm melm (LT1:262 has meles meles meles meles, meless meless meless meless); LOVELY
melwa melwa melwa melwa, LOVING nilda nilda nilda nilda (friendly), mla mla mla mla
(affectionate), BELOVED melda melda melda melda (dear, sweet),
LOVER meldo meldo meldo meldo (pl meldor meldor meldor meldor is attested), melindo melindo melindo melindo
(m.), meliss meliss meliss meliss (f.); LOVEABLE melima melima melima melima (fair), rima rima rima rima

(desirable) -MEL, LT1:262, WJ:412, NIL,
VT39:11, ID
LOW, LOWLYING tumna tumna tumna tumna (deep, profound, dark
or hidden); LOWER AIR vilma vilma vilma vilma (earlier [MET]
wilma wilma wilma wilma), Aiwenor Aiwenor Aiwenor Aiwenor (lit. "Birdland") -TUB cf.
LT1:271, WIL, AIW
LOWER (vb) luvu luvu luvu luvu- -- - (brood); DARK LOWERING
CLOUD lumbo lumbo lumbo lumbo (pl. lumbor lumbor lumbor lumbor is attested). -LT1:259
LUCK valto valto valto valto (LT2:348 gives mart mart mart mart "a piece of
luck", but word-final rt rt rt rt does not occur in LotR-
style Quenya. Read *mart mart mart mart or something
similar?) -LT1:272, LT2:348
LUMP tolos tolos tolos tolos (knob) -LT1:269
LUST mail mail mail mail; LUSTFUL maila maila maila maila -MIL-IK
LYING HEAVY lumna lumna lumna lumna (heavy, burdensome,
oppressive, ominous) (Note: lumna lumna lumna lumna is also a verb
meaning "lie heavy"); LYING IN BED caila caila caila caila
(bedridden, ?sickness) -DUB, KAY/VT45:19
LYRE salma salma salma salma -LT1:265

M
MAEDHROS Nelyafinw Nelyafinw Nelyafinw Nelyafinw (meaning "Finw
third", not equivalent in sense to Sindarin
Maedhros. The short form of the name was
Nelyo Nelyo Nelyo Nelyo. His mother-name [q.v.],
"recorded....though never used in narrative", was
Maitimo Maitimo Maitimo Maitimo "well-shaped one". He also had a
nickname Russandol Russandol Russandol Russandol "copper-top") -PM:352, 353
MAGIC ingol ingol ingol ingol (deep lore). In LT1:269, curu curu curu curu is
glossed "magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss
is simply "skill". MAGIC (adj.) sairina sairina sairina sairina -GOL,
GL:72
MAGLOR Canafinw Canafinw Canafinw Canafinw, short form Cno Cno Cno Cno (not
is the cognate of his "mother-name" Macalaur Macalaur Macalaur Macalaur,
"recorded...though never used in narrative"). -
PM:352, 353
MAID, MAIDEN wend wend wend wend, vend vend vend vend (the latter is
probably the later [MET] form), also short form
wen wen wen wen pl. wendi wendi wendi wendi (girl). Tolkien also used the word
wend wend wend wend (variants vn vn vn vn, vnd vnd vnd vnd, read evidently
vend vend vend vend) to translate "virgin" in his Quenya version
of a Catholic prayer, where the reference is to
the Virgin Mary. In compounds - -- -wen wen wen wen, e.g.
Nerwen Nerwen Nerwen Nerwen "Man-maiden" (prob. *-wend wend wend wend-)
MAIDENHOOD wendel wendel wendel wendel -WEN,
LT1:271/273/Silm:439, VT44:10, 18
*MAIDENLY (or *VIRGINAL) *vna vna vna vna (only
attested in elided form vn vn vn vn' ' ' ') -VT44:10
MAKE #car car car car- (1st pers. aorist carin carin carin carin "I make,
build". The same verb is translated "form" in
WJ:391: i carir quettar i carir quettar i carir quettar i carir quettar, "those who form words".
According to Etym the past tense is carn carn carn carn,
though FS and SD:246 have cr cr cr cr; the latter may
be seen as a "Qenya" form. Past participle
#carna * carna * carna * carna *"made" is attested in Vincarna Vincarna Vincarna Vincarna *"newly-
made" in MR:305; the longer participial form
carina carina carina carina occurs in VT43:15, read probably *crina crina crina crina
with a long vowel to go with such late participial
forms like rcina rcina rcina rcina "broken"). MAKING carm carm carm carm
(glossed "art" in UT:396 and is also translated
"production", but cf. the following:) NAME-
MAKING Essecarm Essecarm Essecarm Essecarm (an Eldarin seremony in
which the father of a child announces its name.)
MAKE FAST avalerya avalerya avalerya avalerya- (bind, restrain, deprive of
liberty). TO (MAKE) FIT camta camta camta camta- (sic; the cluster
mt mt mt mt seems unusual for Quenya, and while the
source does not explicitly say that this word is
Quenya, it is difficult to understand what other
language could be intended) (suit, accomosate,
adapt). MAKE FOR IT mna mna mna mna- (desire to go in
some direction, to wish to go to a place, have
some end in view). -KAR, WJ:391, MR:214,
VT41:5, 6, VT44:14, VT39:11
MALE (noun) hanu hanu hanu hanu (man, male of Men/Elves or
animals); MALE (adj) hanwa hanwa hanwa hanwa -3AN, VT45:16, INI
MAN nr nr nr nr (ner ner ner ner-; pl. neri neri neri neri given) (#ner ner ner ner as the final
element in compounds, as in vaner vaner vaner vaner and ner ner ner ner,
see below), vo vo vo vo (- -- -w w w w as final element in
compounds); hanu hanu hanu hanu (male); (ADULT) MAN
vaner vaner vaner vaner; MANLY va va va va (adult, vigorous);
MANHOOD vi vi vi vi (vigour); MAN-SPEARHEAD (a
wedge-formation of soldiers) nernehta nernehta nernehta nernehta, NOMAN
n n n ner er er er (All these words can apparently be used of
adult males of any sentient race. For "Men" in
the sence "humans", see MORTALS,
FOLLOWERS.) -DER, WEG (cf. VT46:21
indicating that vo vo vo vo should be marked as an
archaic/poetic word), VT45:16, UT:282, UT:211
MANAGE mahta mahta mahta mahta- -- - (fight, handle, manage, wield,
wield a weapon) -TUR, MAK/VT39:10
MANTLE (vb.) fanta fanta fanta fanta- (to cloak, veil) -VT43:22
MANY limb limb limb limb, also prefix lin lin lin lin- -- - (by assimilation it
becomes lil lil lil lil- -- - before l ll l, as in lillassa lillassa lillassa lillassa "having
many leaves"; before m mm m, r rr r, s s s s it would similarly
become *lim *lim *lim *lim- -- -, *lir *lir *lir *lir- -- -, *lis *lis *lis *lis- -- -). Instead of using the
early "Qenya" form limb limb limb limb for "many", it may be

safer to use the later form rimba rimba rimba rimba, by Tolkien
glossed "numerous" (q.v. for reference). -
LT2:342, LI, Plotz letter
MAR #hasta #hasta #hasta #hasta- -- - (verb stem isolated from the past
participle hastaina hastaina hastaina hastaina, see below); MARRED
hastaina hastaina hastaina hastaina (Arda Marred = Arda Hastaina Arda Hastaina Arda Hastaina Arda Hastaina);
UNMARRED alahasta alahasta alahasta alahasta -MR:255, 254
MARBLE alast alast alast alast- (sic - some ending is obviously
required, e.g. *alasta alasta alasta alasta) -GL:39
MARCH Slim Slim Slim Slim -LotR:1144/Silm:437 (not
capitalized in the latter source)
MARINER ciryamo ciryamo ciryamo ciryamo, (professional mariner:)
arendur arendur arendur arendur, Erendilyon Erendilyon Erendilyon Erendilyon ("son of Erendil [used of
any mariner]", prob. *Erendilyond Erendilyond Erendilyond Erendilyond- -- -) -UT:8,
Letters:386, LT1:250
MARK (in writing) tehta tehta tehta tehta- -- - (sign, diacritic) (In
LotR:1155, this word is applied to the supralinear
vowel-signs of Fanorian writing, and pl tehtar tehtar tehtar tehtar is
attested.) sarat sarat sarat sarat (pl. sarati sarati sarati sarati is attested), originally
[MET] a word used of "a 'letter' or any individual
significant mark", but after the invention of the
Tengwar primarily used of the Rmilian letters.
TINY MARK tix tix tix tix (dot, point) -TEK/VT39:17, TIK,
WJ:396
MARS Carnil Carnil Carnil Carnil -Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55
MARY (Mother of Jesus) Mara Mara Mara Mara -VT43:28,
VT44:18 ("Maria" in VT44:12 lacks the accent,
but this is probably a mere slip)
MAST ferna ferna ferna ferna (beechnuts), tyulma tyulma tyulma tyulma -PHER,
TYUL/SD:419
MASTER (noun) heru heru heru heru (lord), #tur tur tur tur (cf. Fanturi Fanturi Fanturi Fanturi
"Masters of Spirits", a name of the Valar Mandos
and Irmo). MASTER OF DOOM Turambar Turambar Turambar Turambar,
MASTER OF DESIRE Irmo Irmo Irmo Irmo (lit. "Desirer", the
name of a Vala); MASTERY tr tr tr tr (victory);
MASTERED #turna turna turna turna (only the form turn` turn` turn` turn`, with
the final *-a aa a elided, is attested. Silm:269 has
turun turun turun turun instead of turn` turn` turn` turn` - the accent and he elision
mark seem to have been omitted.) -KHER,
TUR/UT:438, Silm:261/269/423, 405, UT:138
MATRIMONY vesta vesta vesta vesta -BES
MATTER (basic matter:) erma erma erma erma; PHYSICAL
MATTER orma orma orma orma, hroa hroa hroa hroa (the latter is also used =
"body") -MR:338, 218, 216
MAVWIN Mavoin Mavoin Mavoin Mavoin -LT2:345
MAY (the month) Ltess Ltess Ltess Ltess (In LT1:252/254, the
word for May is Kalainis Kalainis Kalainis Kalainis, but this is hardly a valid
word in Tolkien's later Quenya.) -LotR:1144
MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN
ME The ending - -- -n nn n, attested only as subject,
may be employed: *Utvielyen *Utvielyen *Utvielyen *Utvielyen, "thou (- -- -lye lye lye lye- -- -) hast
found me (- -- -n nn n)". It has been theorized that ni ni ni ni is
the independent word for "me", but actually it
seems to be a non-emphatic word for "I" (so in
Arct; contrast the emphatic iny iny iny iny; see "I"). Case
endings may be added to ni ni ni ni, e.g. dative nin nin nin nin "for
me" (Nam).
MEAD mruvr mruvr mruvr mruvr (nectar, drink of the Valar) -
NAM, RGEO:66, 69, LT1:261
MEADOW - -- - LT1:267 (GL:39) gives lair lair lair lair, but
this word already has two different meanings in
Tolkien's later Quenya ("summer" and "poem"),
so it is somewhat doubtful whether this word
from Tolkien's earliest linguistic constructions
remained conceptually valid at later stages.
MEAL por por por por (stem pori pori pori pori-) (flour) -POR
MEAN faica faica faica faica (contemptible) -SPAY
MEASURE #lesta #lesta #lesta #lesta (only attested in instrumental
form lestanen lestanen lestanen lestanen "in measure". Note: #lesta lesta lesta lesta also
means "girdle".) -FS
MEAT apsa apsa apsa apsa (cooked food) -AP
MEETING (junction of the direction of two
persons or groups:) o oo omenti menti menti menti, (of three or more
coming from different directions:) yomeni yomeni yomeni yomeni -
WJ:367, 407, LotR:94
MELIAN Melyanna Melyanna Melyanna Melyanna (dear gift) -Silm:434
MELODY lin lin lin lin (lind lind lind lind- -- -) (musical sound),
MELODIOUS lindela lindela lindela lindela -LT1:258, cf. LotR:488
and Letters:308
MEN see MAN or MORTALS, FOLLOWERS
MENTAL MESSAGE sanw sanw sanw sanw- -- -menta menta menta menta (thought-
sending) -VT41:5
MERCURY (the planet, not the metal)
Elemmr Elemmr Elemmr Elemmr -Basic Quenya:24
MERCHILD oar oar oar oar (child of the sea), MERMAID
oaris oaris oaris oaris (oarits oarits oarits oarits- -- -), oarwen oarwen oarwen oarwen (prob. *oarwend oarwend oarwend oarwend- -- -) (so in
LT1:263 - read aris aris aris aris, arwen arwen arwen arwen in Tolkien's later
Quenya, since the word for "sea" was altered to
ar ar ar ar?)
MERCY - HAVE MERCY rava rava rava rava- (+ locative to
denote the object of the mercy; compare English
"have mercy on [someone]; Tolkien expressed
"have mercy on us" as rava mess rava mess rava mess rava mess) Another
form, cama cama cama cama or ocama ocama ocama ocama, was possibly abandoned
by Tolkien. -VT44:12-14
MERRIMENT alass alass alass alass (joy) -GALS
MESSAGE menta menta menta menta (sending) -VT41:5
MESH remb remb remb remb -LotR:1149
METAL tinco tinco tinco tinco, rauta rauta rauta rauta -TINK/LotR:1157, RAUT
MEWING miul miul miul miul (whining)
MICKLEBURG Trosto Trosto Trosto Trosto (Belegost) -WJ:389
MIDDLE (noun) end end end end (core, centre); MIDDLE
(prob. adj) enya enya enya enya, endya endya endya endya (In Noldorin Quenya,
enya enya enya enya would be the natural form - endya endya endya endya looks like
Vanyarin Quenya. Cf. the name of the language
itself in the two dialects, Quenya Quenya Quenya Quenya vs. Quendya Quendya Quendya Quendya.)
MIDDLE-DAY #ende ende ende ender r r r (only pl enderi enderi enderi enderi is
attested; for sg #ender #ender #ender #ender cf. yestar yestar yestar yestar, mettar mettar mettar mettar, the
first and the last day of the year. The "middle-
days" were three days inserted between the

months of yvi and quell in the Calendar of
Imladris.) -NED, cf. WJ:361, LotR:1142
MIDDLE-EARTH Endr Endr Endr Endr, Endor Endor Endor Endor (defined as
"centre of the world" under NED; allative form
Endorenna Endorenna Endorenna Endorenna is attested in LotR. Other names are
also glossed "Middle-earth": Ambarenya Ambarenya Ambarenya Ambarenya,
Endamar Endamar Endamar Endamar; see also EAST) -LotR:1003, NED,
MBAR
MIGHTY taura taura taura taura, poldra poldra poldra poldra (a title of Tulkas);
MIGHTY-RISING Melkr Melkr Melkr Melkr (> Melkor Melkor Melkor Melkor) (uprising of
Power), THE MIGHTY Melko Melko Melko Melko (an alternative form
of Melkor Melkor Melkor Melkor, derived from an unattested adjective
*melka melka melka melka, *melca melca melca melca "mighty", with connotations of
violence.) -TUR, LT1:264/GL:64, MR:350
MILCH COW yax yax yax yax. (An alternative form yaxi yaxi yaxi yaxi,
glossed "cow", looks like a plural in LotR-style
Quenya, unless it connects with the few other
feminine forms in -i ii i, like tri tri tri tri "queen".) -GL:36
MIND sma sma sma sma (pl. smar smar smar smar is given), indo indo indo indo (heart,
mood), (inner mind:) r r r r (heart) (Note: a
homophone means "rising"); MIND-MOOD
inwisti inwisti inwisti inwisti -VT39:23, MR:216, LotR:1157, MR:229
MINISTER arandur arandur arandur arandur (king's servant, steward) -
Letters:386, UT:313
MISERY angayass angayass angayass angayass -LT1:249
MIST hsi hsi hsi hsi ( ), hs hs hs hs ( ) (stem hsi hsi hsi hsi-) (fog. Note:
a homophone means "dusk". For "mist" writers
may prefer hsi hsi hsi hsi, the form occurring in LotR.) -
Nam/RGEO:67, KHIS
MOAT see WALL AND MOAT
MOCKING yaiw yaiw yaiw yaiw (scorn) -YAY
MOIST nt nt nt nt (stem *nti nti nti nti-) (dewy) -NEI
MOLE noldar noldar noldar noldar, nolpa nolpa nolpa nolpa -GL:30
MONSTER ulundo ulundo ulundo ulundo, vanimo vanimo vanimo vanimo (creature of
Melkor. In LT1:236, vanimor vanimor vanimor vanimor are said to be
"monsters, giants, and ogres". See also ORC.) -
LUG, BAN/LT1:272/VT45:7
MONTH #asta #asta #asta #asta (only pl astar astar astar astar is attested) -
LotR:1142
MOOD indo indo indo indo (heart, mind) -ID
MOON Isil Isil Isil Isil (-th-), Rna Rna Rna Rna (so in Silm and UT;
Etym has Rana Rana Rana Rana with a short a aa a), CRESCENT
MOON c c c c (bow), MOONLIGHT isilm isilm isilm isilm -
I/THIL/LotR:1148, Silm:436/UT:242, RAN,
LT1:271, MC:222, 223
MORE lil lil lil lil -PE14:80
MORGOTH Moringotto Moringotto Moringotto Moringotto (the oldest [MET] form
was Morigotho Morigotho Morigotho Morigotho) (Black Foe) -MR:194
MORN (early) artuil artuil artuil artuil, tuil tuil tuil tuil (the latter is also
used in the sense "springtime") -TUY
MORNING (noun) arin arin arin arin (LT1:254 gives cl cl cl cl, but
this word means "light" in later writings),
MORNING (used as adj?) arinya arinya arinya arinya (early) -AR
1

MORTAL frima frima frima frima (pl. Frimar Frimar Frimar Frimar is attested, lit.
"those apt to die", WJ:387), also in the personal
(masculine) form #frimo frimo frimo frimo (pl. allative frimonnar frimonnar frimonnar frimonnar
"to mortals", VT44:35). The form firima firima firima firima with a
short i ii i occurs in VT46:4. Firya Firya Firya Firya (pl. Firyar Firyar Firyar Firyar is
attested); MORTAL MAN fir fir fir fir (pl firi firi firi firi is given but
seems perfectly regular) -PHIR, WJ:387
MOTHER am am am amill ill ill ill, also short amil amil amil amil (probably with
stem amill amill amill amill-), amm amm amm amm; the form nana nana nana nana is a
hypocoristic *"mom". The form ontaril ontaril ontaril ontaril in VT43:32
and the variants #ontari ontari ontari ontari, #ontari ontari ontari ontari in VT44:7, 18
seem to be more technical terms, etymologically
*"female begetter". MOTHER-NAME (OF
INSIGHT) #amiless amiless amiless amiless (tercenya tercenya tercenya tercenya) (i.e., names
given by Elvish mothers to their children,
indicating some dominant feature of the nature of
the child as perceived by its mother. Only pl
amilessi terceny amilessi terceny amilessi terceny amilessi terceny is attested.) MOTHER OF
GOD (Mary, in Tolkien's Quenya renderings of
Catholic prayers) Eruamill Eruamill Eruamill Eruamill, Eruontari Eruontari Eruontari Eruontari,
Eruontari Eruontari Eruontari Eruontari -VT43:32, VT44:18-19, AM
1
, NAN,
VT43:32, MR:217, VT43:32, VT44:7, 18
MOUND coron coron coron coron, hahta hahta hahta hahta (pile), cumb cumb cumb cumb (heap),
tundo tundo tundo tundo (stem *tundu tundu tundu tundu-) (hill) -Sil:429, KHAG, KUB,
TUN
MOUNTAIN oron oron oron oron (#oront oront oront oront-, as in the pl. oronti oronti oronti oronti)
(oron oron oron oron also used = "mount", e.g. Oron Oioloss Oron Oioloss Oron Oioloss Oron Oioloss
"Mount Everwhite"), MOUNTAIN-PEAK aicass aicass aicass aicass;
MOUNTAIN-TOP orto orto orto orto; MOUNTAIN PASS falqua falqua falqua falqua
(cleft, ravine), MOUNTAIN-DWELLING (adj)
orofarn orofarn orofarn orofarn (pl? Sg *orofarna orofarna orofarna orofarna?) -ROT/WJ:403,
AYAK, LT2:341, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224
MOUTH anto anto anto anto, p p p p (but p p p p is glossed "lip" in a
late source, see VT39:9), assa assa assa assa (hole, opening,
perforation), nva nva nva nva ("") (not only the lips but also
the inside of the mouth - this word was
apparently changed by Tolkien from pva pva pva pva),
MOUTH OF RIVER etsir etsir etsir etsir, WITH MOUTH FULL
(= full to the brim) penquanta penquanta penquanta penquanta -LotR:1157, PEG,
GAS, VT39:13 cf. 8, 19, ET, VT39:11
MOVE (intr., of large and heavy things:) rma rma rma rma- -- -
(part. rmala rmala rmala rmala is attested) (shift, heave). SUDDEN
MOVE (noun) rinca rinca rinca rinca (twitch, jerk, trick, sudden
move) -MC:223, 222, VT46:11 cf. RIK(H)
MUCH olya olya olya olya (adj.), ol ol ol ol (adv.) -PE14:80
MURK hui hui hui hui (fog, dark, night), MURKY huiva huiva huiva huiva -
LT1:253
MURMUR nurru nurru nurru nurru- -- - (grumble) -MC:223
MUSCLE tuo tuo tuo tuo (sinew, strength) -TUG
MUSIC lindal lindal lindal lindal (as in Ainulindal Ainulindal Ainulindal Ainulindal "The Music of
the Ainur"; LT1:258 has lindel lindel lindel lindel; the latter is also
glossed "song". The form lindel lindel lindel lindel "music" also
turns up in the printed Etymologies, entry LIN
2
,
but according to VT45:27, this is a misreading for
lindal lindal lindal lindal in Tolkien's manuscript.) -Silm:378,
LIN
2
/VT45:27
MY- -- -nya nya nya nya (possessive suffix, e.g. *aldanya *aldanya *aldanya *aldanya "my
tree". An i i i i seems to be inserted between the
ending and the noun when the latter ends in a

consonant: atarinya atarinya atarinya atarinya "my father" (LR:61). If the
last consonant(s) of the noun is n n n n or the cluster
nd nd nd nd, a contracted form may be used in vocatives:
hinya hinya hinya hinya "my child" (for hnanya hnanya hnanya hnanya, WJ:403), yonya yonya yonya yonya
"my son" (for *yondonya *yondonya *yondonya *yondonya, LR:61).

N
NAIL (prob. noun) tax tax tax tax -TAK
NAKED helda helda helda helda -SKEL
NAME (noun) ess ess ess ess (pl. essi essi essi essi is attested, but see
below concerning #esser esser esser esser as a possible
alternative pl. form. Note: the word ess ess ess ess was
also used in the sense "person as a whole",
body and soul.) AFTER-NAME epess epess epess epess (i.e., "a
nickname - mostly given as a title of admiration
or honour"); MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT)
#amiless amiless amiless amiless (tercenya tercenya tercenya tercenya) (i.e. names given by Elvish
mothers to their children, indicating some
dominant feature of the nature of the child as
perceived by its mother. Only pl amilessi amilessi amilessi amilessi
terceny terceny terceny terceny is attested.) NAME OF INSIGHT #ess ess ess ess
tercenya tercenya tercenya tercenya (i.e., the same as "mother-name"; only
pl essi terceny essi terceny essi terceny essi terceny is attested); GIVEN (OR
ADDED) NAME aness aness aness aness (pl anessi anessi anessi anessi is attested.
This term includes both "after-names" and
"mother-names".) NAME-MAKING Essecarm Essecarm Essecarm Essecarm
(an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a
child announces its name), NAME-CHOOSING
Essecilm Essecilm Essecilm Essecilm (an Eldarin seremony in which a
person chooses a name according to his or her
personal lmatyv lmatyv lmatyv lmatyv or sound-taste); SELF-
NAME #cilmess cilmess cilmess cilmess (only pl. cilmessi cilmessi cilmessi cilmessi is attested,
said to mean more literally "names of personal
choice": #cilm #cilm #cilm #cilm "choice" + essi essi essi essi "names". PM:339
explains that "some among the exiles gave
themselves names, as disguises or in reference
to their own deeds and personal history: such
names were called kilmessi 'self-names'.")
PLACE NAME #nmess nmess nmess nmess (isolated from the gen.
pl. form nmesseron nmesseron nmesseron nmesseron, "of place-names",
VT42:17. This word suggests that the plural of
ess ess ess ess can be esser esser esser esser as well as essi essi essi essi). -
ES/LotR:1157/MR:216, UT:266, MR:217, 214,
VT42:17
NAME (verb) esta esta esta esta- -ES, VT45:12
NARRATIVE quenta quenta quenta quenta (story, history) -
KWET/VT39:16
NARRATOR quentaro quentaro quentaro quentaro -KWET
NARROW arca arca arca arca, l ll lenwa enwa enwa enwa (long and thin, straight)
NARROW NECK yatta yatta yatta yatta (isthmus); NARROW
PATH axa axa axa axa; NARROW PROMONTORY neht neht neht neht
(spear-head, gore, wedge. Note: a homophone
means "honeycomb) -AK, LT2:341, YAK, UT:282
NASAL nengwa nengwa nengwa nengwa -NE-WI
NASTY ra ra ra ra (evil) (Note: a homophone means
"large") -VT43:24
NATION nr nr nr nr, - -- -nor nor nor nor (land, country, dwelling-
place, native land, family) -LT1:272
NATIVE LAND nr nr nr nr, - -- -nor nor nor nor (land, country,
dwelling-place, nation, family) -LT1:272
NATURE a a a a (universe). This term "was not
held to include [illegible word: souls?] and spirits"
-VT39:20
NAZGL lairi lairi lairi lairi (Ring-wraiths) (pl; sg #lair #lair #lair #lair?) -
Silm:362, 417
NEAR har har har har, har har har har -LT1:253
NECESSITY #sangi sangi sangi sangi (isolated from
sangiessemman sangiessemman sangiessemman sangiessemman "in our necessities") -VT43:21,
44:8
NECK yat yat yat yat (yaht yaht yaht yaht- -- -); NARROW NECK yatta yatta yatta yatta
(isthmus) -YAK
NECKLACE firinga firinga firinga firinga (carnanet) -LT2:346, GL:36
NECTAR mruvr mruvr mruvr mruvr (mead, drink of the Valar) -
Nam, RGEO:66, LT1:260
NEED (noun) maur maur maur maur -MBAW
NEPTUNE Nnar Nnar Nnar Nnar (or less probably Luinil Luinil Luinil Luinil; it is
not known for certain which of the two is
Neptune and which is Uranus) -Basic
Quenya:24, Silm:55
NET nats nats nats nats (web) -NAT
NEW vinya vinya vinya vinya (cf. Vinyamar Vinyamar Vinyamar Vinyamar "New Dwelling",
Vinyalond Vinyalond Vinyalond Vinyalond "New Haven"), sinya sinya sinya sinya. NEW LIFE
laito laito laito laito, laisi laisi laisi laisi (vigour, youth) -Silm:425, UT:471, SIN,
LT1:267
NEXT ento ento ento ento -Arct
NICKNAME ("mostly given as a title of
admiration or honour") epess epess epess epess (after-name) -
UT:266
NIGHT lm lm lm lm, ("Night, night-time, [shades of
night]", in LT1:255 glossed "dusk, gloom,
darkness"; according to SD:415, lm lm lm lm has the
stem-form lmi lmi lmi lmi-), Fui Fui Fui Fui, Hui Hui Hui Hui ("Night" - but in
LT1:253, hui hui hui hui is glossed "fog, dark, murk, night"),
l l l l ("night, a night"), mr mr mr mr (blackness, dark -
obsoleting mori mori mori mori in LT1:260). In Valinorean
usage, lm lm lm lm "has no evil connotations; it is a

word of peace and beauty and has none of the
associations of fear and groping that, say, 'dark'
has to us. For the evil sense I [sc. Tolkien's
character Lowdham] do not know the [Quenya]
word". For "night" in the "evil sense", mr mr mr mr
seems to be the best candidate. Yet lm lm lm lm
evidently developed darker connotations among
the Exiles, for when crying auta i lm auta i lm auta i lm auta i lm "the night
is passing" before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, the
Noldor used the word metaphorically to refer to
the rule of Morgoth. DOOR OF NIGHT, see
DOOR. -DO3, PHUY, SD:306, Silm:229
NIGHTINGALE lmelind lmelind lmelind lmelind (pl lmelindi lmelindi lmelindi lmelindi is
attested; Etym also has morilind morilind morilind morilind), tindmerel tindmerel tindmerel tindmerel
("daughter of twilight", a kenning of or a poetic
name for the nightingale; the Sindarin equivalent
is tinviel tinviel tinviel tinviel. Tolkien changed the meaning of the
final element from "daughter" to "child", see SEL-
D-.) -DO3, Silm:64, MOR, TIN/Silm:422, 438
NINE nert nert nert nert (obsoleting olma olma olma olma in LT1:258) -
NTER
NO l l l l (also meaning "not". L L L L is probably used
to deny facts, or what others present as facts. In
some contexts, the interjection v v v v is to be
preferred. It is derived from a stem that
"expressed refusal to do what others might wish
or urge, or prohibition of some action by others.)
Cf also lala, lau lala, lau lala, lau lala, lau, laum laum laum laum "no, no indeed not, on
the contrary; also used for asking incredulous
questions". Prefixes "no-, un-": - -- -, il il il il-. SAY NO
vquet vquet vquet vquet- -- - (forbid, refuse) (1st pers. sg aorist and
past vquetin vquetin vquetin vquetin, vquenten vquenten vquenten vquenten are given), ava ava ava ava- -- -
(refuse) (pa.t. avan avan avan avan is given; this verb was "little
used in ordinary language"). -LA, WJ:371 cf.
370, G/UGU/VT46:20, WJ:370, KWET
NO LONGER TO BE HAD vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa (gone, dead,
departed, lost, past, vanished) -WJ:366
NOBLE (a noble:) arquen arquen arquen arquen The element #ar ar ar ar- -- - in
Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass (a name of Taniquetil) is said to
mean "high (i.e., noble, revered). Arquen Arquen Arquen Arquen is
simply #ar ar ar ar "noble" + quen quen quen quen "person". NOBLE
WOMAN (one of Galadriel's names) Artanis Artanis Artanis Artanis. -
WJ:372, WJ:416, PM:347
NOGROD Nvarot Nvarot Nvarot Nvarot (Hollowbold, Novrod) -
WJ:389
NOISE ran ran ran ran, roaring noise rv rv rv rv, (noise of a)
storm raumo raumo raumo raumo -LT1:259, MC:223
NOLDORIN Noldorin Noldorin Noldorin Noldorin (= the language of the
Noldor), Noldorinwa Noldorinwa Noldorinwa Noldorinwa (= general adjective) -
WJ:20, LR:201
NOMAN ner ner ner ner -UT:211
NORMAL sanya sanya sanya sanya ( ) (regular, law-abiding)
(variant vorosanya vorosanya vorosanya vorosanya with a prefixed element
meaning "ever"). -STAN, VT46:16
NORTH Formen Formen Formen Formen, NORTHERN fort fort fort fort (stem
*forti forti forti forti-), formenya formenya formenya formenya; NORTHLANDS (a region in
Nmenor) Forostar Forostar Forostar Forostar -PHOR, LotR:1157, UT:165,
439
NOSE nengw nengw nengw nengw (stem *nengwi nengwi nengwi nengwi-), mundo mundo mundo mundo (snout,
cape) (Note: the latter word also means "ox") -
NE-WI, MBUD
NOT l l l l (as for not- as a prefix = un-, see
below). According to VT42:33, l l l l is the stressed
form of the negation, whereas la la la la is the
unstressed form (cf. la la la la- as the pretonic prefix
*"not-" or *"un-", VT45:25). NO INDEED NOT
lala lala lala lala; DON'T va va va va, av av av av; DON'T DO IT! va car! va car! va car! va car!; I
WILL NOT: v v v v (exclamation, also = Do not!);
avan avan avan avan, vn vn vn vn, vany vany vany vany "I won't", avamm avamm avamm avamm, vamm vamm vamm vamm "we
won't"; NOT COUNTING hequa hequa hequa hequa (leaving aside,
excluding, except), NOT COUNTED unot unot unot unot,
unota unota unota unota (read *not not not not, *nota nota nota nota?) (uncounted),
NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID
avaqutima avaqutima avaqutima avaqutima, NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED
avanyrima avanyrima avanyrima avanyrima -LA, WJ:371, 364/365, VT39:14,
WJ:370
NOT- (prefix denying presence or possession
of thing or quality) - (in-, un-). -VT39:14;
according to LR:396 s.v. UGU, this prefix usually
has a "bad sense", cf. vanimor vanimor vanimor vanimor "fair folk" vs.
vanimor vanimor vanimor vanimor "monsters"
NOTHING munta munta munta munta -PE14:81
NOVEMBER Hsim Hsim Hsim Hsim -LotR:1144
NOVROD Nvarot Nvarot Nvarot Nvarot (Hollowbold, Nogrod) -
WJ:389
NOW s s s s, sn sn sn sn/sin sin sin sin (the latter form may evidently
be used when the next word has an initial vowel;
cf. the distribution of "a" and "an" in English.
However, s s s s may also occur before vowels; the
word appears before ar ar ar ar "and" in a text published
in VT43:27). Variant si si si si. -SI, cf. LR:47, VT43:27,
VT43:34
NUMBER nt nt nt nt, LARGE NUMBER hosta hosta hosta hosta, IN A
VERY GREAT NUMBER va va va va; NUMBERLESS
ntima ntima ntima ntima (pl. ntim ntim ntim ntim attested) (uncountable,
countless) -NOT, KHOTH, UB, Nam/VT39:14
NUMEROUS rimba rimba rimba rimba (frequent)
NYMPH wingil wingil wingil wingil, wingild wingild wingild wingild- -- - (pl WIngildi WIngildi WIngildi WIngildi is attested);
falmar falmar falmar falmar, falmarin falmarin falmarin falmarin (falmarind falmarind falmarind falmarind- -- -) (Writers should use
falmarin falmarin falmarin falmarin rather than falmar falmar falmar falmar, thus avoiding any
possible confusion with falmar falmar falmar falmar "waves".) -
WIG/LT1:273, PHAL


O
O (vocative particle) a aa a, e.g. a Eruion a Eruion a Eruion a Eruion "(o) Son of
God". - -- -VT44:12, 15; LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308
OAK norno norno norno norno; HAVING MANY OAK-TREES
lindorna lindorna lindorna lindorna -DRON, LIN
OATH vr vr vr vr (bond, troth, compact. Pl. probably
*vrer vrer vrer vrer not *vri *vri *vri *vri; cf. the similar formation tyv tyv tyv tyv
"taste", pl tyver tyver tyver tyver), vanda vanda vanda vanda (pledge, solemn
promise) -WED, UT:317
OBLIGED nauta nauta nauta nauta (bound) -NUT
OBSCURE nulla nulla nulla nulla (dark, dusky) OBSCURITY
mordo mordo mordo mordo (shadow, stain, smear, dimness) -NDUL,
MOR/VT45:35
OBSERVE - use the word glossed "watch,
heed", q.v. Cf. LT1:258.
OCCASION l l l l (a time) -LU
OCEAN (see SEA) The Great Ocean Alatair Alatair Alatair Alatair
(= Sindarin Belegaer); The Outer Ocean Vai Vai Vai Vai
(=Ekkaia?) -AYAR, LT1:271
OCTOBER Narqueli Narqueli Narqueli Narqueli -LotR:1144/1146
ODOUR olm olm olm olm -OL (the Etymologies as
printed in LR gives "holm holm holm holm", but according to
VT46:6, Tolkien later struck out the initial h hh h)
OFF au au au au- -- - (verbal prefix implying motion "away
from the speaker or the place of his thought", as
in auciri auciri auciri auciri- -- - "cut off, so that a portion is lost or no
longer available"), h h h h- -- - (verbal prefix implying
motion away from something, but the point of
view is outside the thing left: cf. hciri hciri hciri hciri- -- - "cut off a
required portion, so as to have it or use it") -
WJ:365, 366, 368
OGRE vanimo vanimo vanimo vanimo (see MONSTER). CANNIBAL-
OGRES Sarquindi Sarquindi Sarquindi Sarquindi (sg #Sarquind Sarquind Sarquind Sarquind?) -LT1:236 cf.
BAN, LT2:347
OINTMENT laiv laiv laiv laiv -LIB
OLD yra yra yra yra (ancient, belonging to or descending
from former times); intensive #anyra anyra anyra anyra is attested
with a dative ending in the phrase meldenya meldenya meldenya meldenya
anyran anyran anyran anyran *"for my oldest [or, very old] friend" in
the Elaine inscription. Other words translated
"old": enwina enwina enwina enwina, linyenwa linyenwa linyenwa linyenwa (having many years), (of
things:) yerna yerna yerna yerna (worn); OLDEN yra yra yra yra, yalma yalma yalma yalma,
GET OLD yerya yerya yerya yerya- (wear [out]) -MC:222 cf. 215,
YEN, GYER
OMINOUS lumna lumna lumna lumna (lying heavy, burdensome,
oppressive) -DUB
OMNIFICENT ilucara ilucara ilucara ilucara (VT39:20)
OMNIPOTENT iluvala iluvala iluvala iluvala (VT39:20)
OMNISCIENT iluisa iluisa iluisa iluisa (VT39:20)
ON or or or or (so in LT1:256, but in LotR-style Quenya
or or or or is always translated "over". Generally, English
"on" may be rendered by the allative case, see
UPON.) ON BEHALF OF r r r r, followed by dative,
as in the example r men r men r men r men "on behalf of us, for
us". Dative pronouns may be directly suffixed to
r r r r: "for us" or "on behalf of us" is also attested in
the one-word form rmen rmen rmen rmen. (Note: r r r r is also a
noun "lion".) -VT43:27, 28, 33
ONCE UPON A TIME yass yass yass yass, yalmess yalmess yalmess yalmess,
yress yress yress yress (Note: the first of these seems to clash
with *yass *yass *yass *yass "in/on which". Writers should use
one of the two alternative forms.) -YA
ONE min min min min (obsoleting mir mir mir mir in LT1:260; a short
variant min min min min appears in VT45:34)), er er er er (only, one,
alone, but, still). A longer form of er er er er, namely
era era era era, was possibly abandoned by Tolkien
(VT44:17). According to an early source, min min min min is
"one" as the first of a series, whereas er er er er is "one"
in the context of something that is alone (Parma
Eldalamberon #14, p. 82). ONE (= a person,
someone) qun qun qun qun pl queni queni queni queni (unstressed quen quen quen quen, "as a
pronoun or final element in a compound"); THE
ONE Eru Eru Eru Eru (see GOD) -MINI, ERE/VT44:17,
WJ:361 cf. 360, Silm:15, 431
ONLY er er er er (but, still), eress eress eress eress (singly, alone, also
as noun = solitude) -LT1:269, ERE
OPEN (vb) panta panta panta panta- -- - (unfurl, spread out); OPEN
WIDE palu palu palu palu- -- -, paly paly paly palya aa a- -- - (extend); OPEN (adj) panta panta panta panta,
lta lta lta lta ("open, not closed", VT41:5); (of land:) latin latin latin latin,
latina latina latina latina (free, cleared); OPENING assa assa assa assa (hole,
performation, mouth), latya latya latya latya (used as an abstract
in the source), OPENNESS lti lti lti lti;
OPENMOUTHED fauca fauca fauca fauca (thirsty, parched) -PAT,
PAL, VT39:23, LAT, GAS, VT39:23/VT41:5,
PHAU
OPPRESSIVE lumna lumna lumna lumna (lying heavy,
burdensome, ominous) -DUB
OR (conjunction) var var var var -QL:100
ORANGE culuina culuina culuina culuina (colour adjective), culuma culuma culuma culuma
(fruit) -KUL
ORC (goblin) urco urco urco urco (stem urcu urcu urcu urcu-, pl. urqui urqui urqui urqui) or
orco orco orco orco (pl. orqui orqui orqui orqui or or or or orcor cor cor cor, in the former case
probably with stem *orcu orcu orcu orcu- throughout). LT1:264
has orc orc orc orc, but word-final rc rc rc rc does not occur in LotR-
style Quenya. Here the gloss is "monster,
demon". Cf. WJ:390: "In the lore of the Blessed
Realm the Q urko urko urko urko naturally seldom occurs,
except in tales of the ancient days and the

March, and then is vague in meaning, referring
to anything that caused fear to the Elves, any
dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature."
-ROK, LT1:264, WJ:390
ORDAINER Nmo Nmo Nmo Nmo (Judge - the name of a Vala)
-Silm:411
ORDER (noun) heren heren heren heren (Heren Istarion Heren Istarion Heren Istarion Heren Istarion "Order of
Wizards"); ORDER (vb) vala vala vala vala- -- - (used of the Valar
only, as in vala Manw vala Manw vala Manw vala Manw "may Manw order it",
Valar valuvar Valar valuvar Valar valuvar Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done",
*"the Valar will order [it]". -UT:388, WJ:404
ORIENT amb amb amb ambaron aron aron aron (ambarn ambarn ambarn ambarn-), Ambarn Ambarn Ambarn Ambarn (a
similar but untranslated word, Ambarna Ambarna Ambarna Ambarna, occurs
in LotR) -AM
2
, LotR:490
ORIGINATE auta auta auta auta- -- - (invent, devise) -GAWA
ORION Telumehtar Telumehtar Telumehtar Telumehtar ("warrior of the sky",
according to WJ:411 an old name, later [MET]
evidently replaced by:) Men Men Men Menelmacar elmacar elmacar elmacar
("Swordsman of the Sky") -TEL, WJ:411,
LotR:1147 cf. 95
OUR: Tolkien's ideas about the third person
plural pronouns, including "our", changed over
time. "Our" is expressed by the ending -mma mma mma mma in
Tolkien's Quenya translation of the Lord's
Prayer, e.g. taremma taremma taremma taremma "our Father" (VT43:12).
This "our" is exclusive, meaning "their and my",
not including the person(s) addressed. However,
Tolkien later changed the consonants
characteristic for the 3rd person pl. exlusive
pronouns from -mm mm mm mm- to -lm lm lm lm-, so we must
apparently read *-lma lma lma lma for -mma mma mma mma. The forms in -
mm mm mm mm- were retained, but this now became a dual
pronoun (VT43:6); it is not known whether it is
inclusive or exclusive, or whether this distinction
is even maintained in the dual form. The ending
for plural inclusive "our" (sc. "our" meaning "your
and mine") Tolkien eventually decided should be
-lva lva lva lva, attested with the genitive ending -o oo o in
omentielvo omentielvo omentielvo omentielvo "of our meeting" (LotR:94). An
independent word for "our" (evidently exclusive)
appears in VT43:19, 35: menya menya menya menya, or meny meny meny meny
modifying a plural noun. Some would assume
that the corresponding inclusive form is *venya venya venya venya
(pl. *veny veny veny veny). -LotR:94, cf. Letters:447, VT43:19,
35
OUT et et et et- -- - (prefix) (forth), OUT OF et et et et (followed by
ablative) -ET, LotR:1003/VT45:13
OUTCAST hecil hecil hecil hecil (gender-spesific forms are
hecilo hecilo hecilo hecilo m. and hecil hecil hecil hecil f.) (one lost or forsaken by
friends, waif, outlaw) -WJ:365
OUTER, OUTERMOST erma erma erma erma -LT1:262
OUTER LANDS Entar Entar Entar Entar, Entarda Entarda Entarda Entarda (Middle-earth,
East, Thither Lands [as seen from Valinor]),
ettel ettel ettel ettel (the word is not capitalized and seems to
be sg) (foreign parts); OUTER OCEAN Vai Vai Vai Vai (=
Ekkaia?) -ET, LT1:271
OUTLAW hecil hecil hecil hecil (gender-spesific forms are
hecilo hecilo hecilo hecilo m. and hecil hecil hecil hecil f.) (one lost or forsaken by
friends, waif, outcast) -WJ:365
OUTSIDE ara ara ara ara (beside), ava ava ava ava (beyond), ett ett ett ett, e ee ets ts ts ts
(the two latter forms seem to be "outside" as a
noun rather than a preposition); (prefix:) ar ar ar ar- -- - (e.g.
Araman Araman Araman Araman "outside Aman") -AR
2
; AWA, ET,
Silm:428, VT45:13
OVEN urna urna urna urna -LT1:271
OVER or or or or. For "over" in the sense past, see
PAST AND OVER. -UT:305
OVERCAST lra lra lra lra (dark) -LT1:259
OVERSHADOW telta telta telta telta- -- - (canopy, screen) -TEL
OW! horro horro horro horro, orro orro orro orro (alas! ugh) ("exclamation of
horror, pain, disgust") -VT45:17
OX mundo mundo mundo mundo (Note: a homophone means "snout,
nose, cape". It may or may not obsolete the form
taracu taracu taracu taracu "ox" in LT2.) See also BULL. -Letters:422,
LT2:347/GL:69
OXFORD - LT2 gives Taruktarna Taruktarna Taruktarna Taruktarna (read
*Taruhtarna Taruhtarna Taruhtarna Taruhtarna in LotR-style Quenya), but the word
may not be conceptually valid in LotR-style
Quenya. See OX above. -LT2:347

P
PACE ranga ranga ranga ranga (pl rangar rangar rangar rangar is stated to mean "full
paces"). The ranga ranga ranga ranga was a Nmenrean linear
measure of approximately 38 inches (96.5 cm);
see YARD. -UT:285
PAGAN GOD see GOD
PAIN (vb) nwalya nwalya nwalya nwalya- -- - (torment). (Though spelt this
way also in Etym, nwalya nwalya nwalya nwalya- -- - must be from older
*ngwalya ngwalya ngwalya ngwalya, for the stem is GWAL GWAL GWAL GWAL. In Tengwar
spelling, the letter nwalm nwalm nwalm nwalm (< older ngwalm ngwalm ngwalm ngwalm)
should be used to transcribe the initial nw nw nw nw of
nwalya nwalya nwalya nwalya.) PAIN (noun) nwalma nwalma nwalma nwalma, naicel naicel naicel naicel, naic naic naic naic (=
sharp pain); PAINFUL naicela naicela naicela naicela -GWAL,
VT46:4, NYAK
PALATAL SERIES tyelpetma tyelpetma tyelpetma tyelpetma -LotR:1154

PALE marya marya marya marya (fallow, fawn), malwa malwa malwa malwa (fallow),
isca isca isca isca. PALE BLUE helwa helwa helwa helwa -MAD, SMAL, LT1:256,
3EL
PALLID ninqu ninqu ninqu ninqu (stem *ninqui ninqui ninqui ninqui-) (chill, white) -
WJ:417 cf. NIK-W-
PANSY helin helin helin helin, Helinyetill Helinyetill Helinyetill Helinyetill ("Eyes of
heartsease") (violet) -LT1:262
PARCHED fauca fauca fauca fauca (openmouthed, thirsty) -
PHAU
PARCHMENT - in LT2:346, parma parma parma parma "book" is
glossed "parchment", but see BARK.
PARENT #nostar #nostar #nostar #nostar (only pl nostari nostari nostari nostari is attested);
also ontar ontar ontar ontar with gender-specific forms ontaro ontaro ontaro ontaro (m),
ontar ontar ontar ontar or ontari ontari ontari ontari (f) (begetter). The plural form
"ontani" in LR:379 is according to VT46:7 a
misreading for ontaru ontaru ontaru ontaru, evidently a dual form
denoting a natural pair of parents. -LotR:1017 cf.
Letters:308, ONO, VT44:7, VT46:7
PART (noun) #ranta ranta ranta ranta (pl. rantali rantali rantali rantali attested).
FOREIGN PARTS ettel ettel ettel ettel (outer lands) -
PE14:117, ET, VT45:12
PASS auta auta auta auta- -- - (leave, go away); pa.t. oant oant oant oant,
another place]", vn vn vn vn ("the most frequently used
past [tense]" - less "physical" than oant oant oant oant,
meaning *"disappeared" rather than "passed
away"), also anw anw anw anw (this pa.t. was "only found in
archaic language"), perf. avni avni avni avni (pl. avnier avnier avnier avnier is
attested); perf. vni vni vni vni with no augment may occur
in verse. -WJ:366; for the gloss "pass" see
Silm:229
PASS - mountain pass: falqua falqua falqua falqua (cleft, ravine);
pass between hills: cilya cilya cilya cilya (cleft, gorge) (so in
Etym, but #cirya #cirya #cirya #cirya in the name Calacirya Calacirya Calacirya Calacirya "Pass of
Light" [gen. Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo in Namri] - though this
clashes with cirya cirya cirya cirya "ship". An early version of
Namri actually had Calacilyo Calacilyo Calacilyo Calacilyo not Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo Calaciryo;
see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5) -LT2:341, KIL
PASSAGE tarna tarna tarna tarna (crossing, #ford) -LT2:347
PAST, PAST AND OVER (adj) vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa
(departed, lost, vanished, dead, no longer to be
had), PAST (noun = past time) vanwi vanwi vanwi vanwi -WAN,
Nam
PATH ti ti ti ti (course, line, direction, way, road);
#vanda vanda vanda vanda (isolated from Qualvanda Qualvanda Qualvanda Qualvanda "Road of
Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand vand vand vand- -- - "way, path" on the
same page); NARROW PATH axa axa axa axa (ravine);
-TE3/RGEO:67/UT:22 cf. 51, LT1:264, AK
PATRONAGE #ortri ortri ortri ortri (attested with endings:
ortrielyanna ortrielyanna ortrielyanna ortrielyanna, "to thy patronage") -VT45:7
PAUSE lr lr lr lr (also a Nmenrean linear
measure, nearly one league - see LEAGUE.) -
UT:285
PAVED FLOOR paca paca paca paca (court) -TAL, GL:63
PEACE sr sr sr sr (repose, rest), rain rain rain rain, sv sv sv sv; AT
PEACE senda senda senda senda (resting) -SED, VT44:35
PEAK aical aical aical aical; MOUNTAIN PEAK aicass aicass aicass aicass, also
#rass rass rass rass or #ras #ras #ras #ras (isolated from Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass,
Ar Ar Ar Arfanyaras fanyaras fanyaras fanyaras "high white-shining peak"). -AYAK,
WJ:416
PEARL marilla marilla marilla marilla -LT1:265
PEBBLE-BANK sarni sarni sarni sarni (shingle) -UT:463
PEER tihta tihta tihta tihta- -- - (blink) -MC:223
PEN tecil tecil tecil tecil -TEK
PENGOLODH Quendingoldo Quendingoldo Quendingoldo Quendingoldo, Quengoldo Quengoldo Quengoldo Quengoldo -
PM:401, 404-405
PEOPLE li li li li, noss noss noss noss (kin, house). Originally nr nr nr nr
meant "people", but in later [MET] Quenya it
means primarily "land". SOME PEOPLE queni queni queni queni -
LI, VT39:6, LT1:250/LT2:338, WJ:361 cf. 360
PERCEPTION, KEENNESS OF laic laic laic laic
(acuteness) The conceptual validity of this word
is questionable; see PIERCING. -LAIK
PEREDHIL Pereldar Pereldar Pereldar Pereldar (the Half-Elven) -
Letters:386, cf. LotR:1071
PERFORMATION assa assa assa assa (hole, opening, mouth)
-GAS
PERIOD (endless) oio oio oio oio -UT:317
PERPETUAL #oien oien oien oien (isolated from oiencarm oiencarm oiencarm oiencarm
"perpetual production" - but it has also been
suggested that this is oi oi oi oi-en en en en-carm carm carm carm *"ever-re-
making", so the word oien oien oien oien is rather doubtful) -
MR:329
PERSON qun qun qun qun (stem quen quen quen quen-, as in pl. queni queni queni queni)
(one, somebody); PERSON AS A WHOLE (body
+ soul) ess ess ess ess (basically meaning "name"), erd erd erd erd
("singularity". Note: a homophone means "seed,
germ".) -WJ:361 cf. 360, MR:216
PETITION #arcand arcand arcand arcand (isolated from
arcandemmar arcandemmar arcandemmar arcandemmar "our petitions") Another form,
#anarcand anarcand anarcand anarcand, was apparently abandoned by
Tolkien. -VT44:8
PETTY #pitya pitya pitya pitya (isolated from Pitya Pitya Pitya Pitya- -- -naucor naucor naucor naucor
"petty-dwarves", see below).
PETTY-DWARVES Attalyar Attalyar Attalyar Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds"),
Picinaucor Picinaucor Picinaucor Picinaucor, Pitya Pitya Pitya Pitya- -- -naucor naucor naucor naucor (lit. *"small dwarves") -
WJ:388, 389
PHANTOM fair fair fair fair ("phantom, disembodied spirit,
when seen as a pale shape" - pl. fairi fairi fairi fairi is attested.
Note: fair fair fair fair has other shades of meaning as well
as wholly different meanings - see SPIRIT,
DEATH, RADIANCE, FREEDOM) -MC:223, 221
PHARAZN Calion Calion Calion Calion (see AR-PHARAZN) -
UT:224, Silm:324
PHONETIC #hlont hlont hlont hlont (only attested in the pl. in
hlonti tengwi hlonti tengwi hlonti tengwi hlonti tengwi "phonetic signs", changed by
Tolkien from hlonaiti tengwi hlonaiti tengwi hlonaiti tengwi hlonaiti tengwi) -WJ:395, VT39:4
PHONOLOGY - lambel lambel lambel lambel is said to mean
"Language (especially with reference to
phonology)" (VT39:15)

PHYSICAL MATTER orma orma orma orma, hroa hroa hroa hroa (also used =
"body"); PHYSICAL STRENGTH tuo tuo tuo tuo -MR:218,
216, TUG
PICK (UP, OUT) WITH THE FINGERS lepta lepta lepta lepta- -
VT44:16
PIECE mit mit mit mitta ta ta ta (Note: mitta mitta mitta mitta- is also a verb
"insert"). -PE14:81
PIERCING maica maica maica maica (sharp), terev terev terev terev (fine, acute),
laica laica laica laica (keen, sharp, acute). (The printed
Etymologies has a final -e ee e instead of -a aa a, but
according to VT45:25 this is a misreading. A
word laike laike laike laike = laic laic laic laic does appear in the source, but
this is the noun corresponding to laica laica laica laica:
"acuteness, keenness of perception". The
conceptual validity of both laica laica laica laica and laic laic laic laic with
these meanings may however be questioned,
since laica laica laica laica is the adjective "green" in later
sources: la la la laic ic ic ic would then be expected to mean
*"greenness".) FINE PIERCED HOLE terra terra terra terra -
Silm:434, LT1:255, LT2:337, LAIK, VT46:18
[?PIG-]FAT (the first part of the gloss is not
certainly legible) larma larma larma larma (flesh) -VT45:26
PILE (noun) hahta hahta hahta hahta (mound) -KHAG
PILLAR tarma tarma tarma tarma, tulw tulw tulw tulw (standard, pole) -
Silm:438, LT1:270
PILLOW quesset quesset quesset quesset (probably with stem
*quessec quessec quessec quessec- since the "Noldorin"/Sindarin cognate
is given as pesseg, pointing to older *kwessek-).
-KWES
PIN tancil tancil tancil tancil (brooch) -TAK
PINETREE - GL:17 has aicass aicass aicass aicass, but in Etym
this word is said to mean "mountain-peak".
PINNACLE (topmost) see FINISH.
PIPE simpa simpa simpa simpa, simpina simpina simpina simpina (flute), rots rots rots rots. PIPER
simpetar simpetar simpetar simpetar, PIPING simpis simpis simpis simpis -LT1:266, LT2:347
PIT latta latta latta latta (hole - Note: a homophone means
"strap") -DAT
PIVOT peltas peltas peltas peltas (pl peltaxi peltaxi peltaxi peltaxi) -PEL
PLACE #nm nm nm nm (isolated from nmesseron nmesseron nmesseron nmesseron,
compound "of place-names", VT42:17). In Etym
the word for "place" is men men men men, though this word
would clash with the dative pronoun *men men men men "to/for
us"; #nm nm nm nm may be preferred not only for clarity
but also because it is apparently present in the
LotR itself in the word sinom sinom sinom sinom "in this place"
(Elendil's Oath); -nom nom nom nom would be the compound
form of nm nm nm nm. STONY PLACE sarn sarn sarn sarn (gloss
misread as "strong place" in the Etymologies as
printed in LR, see VT46:12). AT BACK OF
PLACE, see BEHIND. Verb WISH TO GO TO A
PLACE mna mna mna mna- (desire to go in some direction,
make for it, have some end in view) -VT42:17,
MEN, LotR:1003, SD:56, SAR, VT39:11
*PLANT #olva olva olva olva (only pl olvar olvar olvar olvar is attested, never
actually translated "plants" but defined as
"growing things with roots in the earth"); LONG
TRAILING PLANT uil uil uil uil ("especially sea-weed",
which is explicitly aruil aruil aruil aruil) -Silm:415, UY
PLAY (vb) tyalin tyalin tyalin tyalin ("I play", 1st pers. aorist),
PLAY (noun) tyali tyali tyali tyali (game, sport) -TYAL/LT1:260
PLEDGE vanda vanda vanda vanda (oath, solemn promise) -
UT:317
PLENITUDE fr fr fr fr, farm farm farm farm (all that is wanted,
sufficiency) -PHAR/VT46:9
PLIANT maxa maxa maxa maxa (soft) -MASAG
PLOUGH hyar hyar hyar hyar; THE PLOUGH (constellation)
see SICKLE OF THE VALAR. -LT2:342
PLUM pio pio pio pio (also used for "cherry") -LT2:347
POEM lair lair lair lair (Note: a homophone means
"summer"), lirit lirit lirit lirit -GLIR, LT1:258
POINT ment ment ment ment (end), tix tix tix tix (dot, tiny mark), tild tild tild tild
(horn), amatix amatix amatix amatix (point/dot over the line of writing,
variant amatex amatex amatex amatex in VT46:20), unutix unutix unutix unutix (point/dot
under the line of writing; the initial element unu unu unu unu-
was misread as "nun-" in the Etymologies as
printed in LR, see VT46:19). SPEAR-POINT
nasta nasta nasta nasta (spear-head, gore, triangle). MET,
TIK/VT46:19, TIL, SNAS/VT46:14
POISON (noun) sangwa sangwa sangwa sangwa -SAG
POLE tulw tulw tulw tulw (standard) -LT1:270
POLISHED COPPER calarus calarus calarus calarus (calarust calarust calarust calarust-) -
VT41:10
POLLEN malo malo malo malo (stem *malu malu malu malu-) (yellow powder) -
SMAL
POOL nend nend nend nend, linya linya linya linya, ailin ailin ailin ailin (lake), ringw ringw ringw ringw (cold
lake). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, this
word is cited as "ringe", but according to
VT46:11, ringw ringw ringw ringw is the proper reading. POOL OF
LILIES nnuvar nnuvar nnuvar nnuvar -NEN, LIN, AY, RINGI, LT1:248
POPLAR-TREE tyuluss tyuluss tyuluss tyuluss; HAVING MANY
POPLARS lintyulussa lintyulussa lintyulussa lintyulussa -TYUL, LIN
POPPY fmella fmella fmella fmella (pl. fumellar fumellar fumellar fumellar [read *fmellar fmellar fmellar fmellar?] is
attested), fmellot fmellot fmellot fmellot (prob. fmellt fmellt fmellt fmellt-; cf. lt lt lt lt
"flower") -LT1:252
POSSESS harya harya harya harya- -- -; POSSESSING arwa arwa arwa arwa (+
genitive) (in control of) (Note: harya harya harya harya- -- - is not used
of one's offspring. In MR:228, Tolkien notes that
"no Elf would speak of possessing children; he
would say: 'three children have been added unto
me', or 'are with me', or 'are in my house'.") -3AR
POST (wooden post) samna samna samna samna ( ) (Distinct from
#samna samna samna samna "diphthong" in Tengwar spelling, as the
latter is spelt with initial silm silm silm silm, not sl sl sl sl.) -STAB
POTTER cemnaro cemnaro cemnaro cemnaro, centano centano centano centano -KEM, TAN
POUR ulya ulya ulya ulya- -- - (intransitive pa. t. ull ull ull ull, transitive
ulyan ulyan ulyan ulyan; plural subjunctive ullier ullier ullier ullier "should pour" is
attested. These forms may obsolete ulu ulu ulu ulu- -- - and
ulto ulto ulto ulto- -- - "pour" [transitive and intransitive] in
LT1:270); POURING la la la la (flooding, flowing) -
ULU, SD:310
POUT penga penga penga penga- (VT39:11)

POWDER (yellow powder) malo malo malo malo (stem *malu malu malu malu-)
(pollen) -SMAL
PRAISE (vb) la la la laita ita ita ita- -- - (bless) (Imperative a laita a laita a laita a laita
and fut #laituva laituva laituva laituva are attested, the latter with
pronominal endings: laituvalmet laituvalmet laituvalmet laituvalmet, "we shall praise
them") PRAISE (noun) #laital laital laital laital (isolated from
Erulaital Erulaital Erulaital Erulaital "Praise of Eru") -LotR:989 cf
Letters:308, UT:436
PRAY #hyam hyam hyam hyam- (attested in the form hyam hyam hyam hyam,
evidently incorporating the ending - of the aorist
stem), arca arca arca arca- (the latter perhaps primarily in the
sense "to petition", cf. the noun arcand arcand arcand arcand
"petition"). -VT43:32, 33 (VT44:8, 18)
PRAYER #cyerm #cyerm #cyerm #cyerm (isolated from Erucyerm Erucyerm Erucyerm Erucyerm
["k"], "prayer to Eru". A verbal stem #cyer #cyer #cyer #cyer- "pray"
can also be isolated, though it may be better to
use attested verbs like #hyam hyam hyam hyam- or arca arca arca arca-.) -
UT:436
PRECIOUS THING mr mr mr mr (jewel, treasure,
shining jewel) -MIR
PRECIPICE (seaward) ollo ollo ollo ollo (cliff) (The
alternative form old old old old may be archaic Quenya.) -
LT1:252
PRESS sanga sanga sanga sanga (crowd, throng) -STAG/Silm:438
PRESSURE (to do something against one's will
or conscience) sahti sahti sahti sahti ( ) (force) -VT43:22
PREVENT FROM COMING TO COMPLETION
nuhta nuhta nuhta nuhta- -- - (stunt, stop short, not allow to continue) -
WJ:413
PRICK erca erca erca erca- -- -, nasta nasta nasta nasta- -- - (sting); PRICKLE, SPINE
erca erca erca erca -ERK, NAS
?PRIMARY (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible)
*yessa *yessa *yessa *yessa (emended from the actual reading
essea essea essea essea - see BEGINNING) -ESE
PRINCE cundu cundu cundu cundu, haryon haryon haryon haryon (heir); PRINCESS
aranel aranel aranel aranel -KUND/VT45:24, 3AR, UT:434
PRINCIPAL (prob. adj not noun) hra hra hra hra (chief) -
KHER
PRIVACY aquapahti aquapahti aquapahti aquapahti (literally *"fully-
closedness", used of a mind that closes itself
against telepathic communication) -VT39:23
PROCEED (in any direction) lelya lelya lelya lelya- (pa.t. lend lend lend lend)
(go, travel) -WJ:363
PRODUCTION carm carm carm carm (glossed "art" in UT:396,
but cf. Oiencarm Eruo Oiencarm Eruo Oiencarm Eruo Oiencarm Eruo "the One's perpetual
production". Carm Carm Carm Carm is also translated "making".)
-MR:329
PROFOUND tumna tumna tumna tumna (low-lying, low, deep, dark
or hidden) -LT1:271 cf. TUB
PROLONG taita taita taita taita- -- - -TAY
PROMINENT minda minda minda minda (conspicuous) -MINI
PROMISE (noun) (solemn promise:) vanda vanda vanda vanda
(oath, pledge) -UT:317
PROMONTORY (narrow) neht neht neht neht (gore, wedge,
spear-head. Note: a homophone means
"honeycomb".) -UT:282
PROP tulco tulco tulco tulco (stem *tulcu tulcu tulcu tulcu-, pl. *tulqui tulqui tulqui tulqui) (support) -
TULUK
PROPER vanima vanima vanima vanima (fair, beautiful, right) -LT1:272
PROSPEROUS alya alya alya alya (rich, abundant, blessed);
PROSPERITY aut aut aut aut (wealth, also adj: rich) -
GALA, LT2:336
PROTECT varya varya varya varya- -- -; PROTECTED varna varna varna varna (safe,
secure) -BAR
PROVERBIAL DICTUM ("a saying, a current or
proverbial dictum") eques eques eques eques (pl. equessi equessi equessi equessi) (dictum,
quotation, saying) -WJ:392
PROW OF A SHIP lango lango lango lango (broad sword) -LAG
P-SERIES parmatma parmatma parmatma parmatma (labials) -LotR:1154
PUFF hwesta hwesta hwesta hwesta- -- -; PUFF OF AIR hwesta hwesta hwesta hwesta (breath,
breeze) -SWES
PULL saca saca saca saca- ( ) (draw). Since saca saca saca saca- may also
mean "look for", it may be better to use #tuc tuc tuc tuc-
"draw", q.v. -VT43:23
PURE poica poica poica poica -POY
PURSUE roita roita roita roita- -- - -ROY
1

PUT ASIDE hehta hehta hehta hehta- -- - (pa.t. hehtan hehtan hehtan hehtan is given but
seems perfectly regular) (leave out, exclude,
abandon, forsake); PUT A STOP TO pusta pusta pusta pusta- -- -
(stop, cease) -WJ:365, PUS
PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta lohta lohta lohta- -- -
(emended from the actual reading lokta lokta lokta lokta because
Quenya) (sprout) -LT:258
PUTRID saura saura saura saura ( ) (foul, evil-smelling) - in
compounds #sauri sauri sauri sauri- -- -, see FOUL. -THUS

Q
QUANTITY (great) v v v v (abundance) -UB
QUARREL costa costa costa costa- -- - -KOT
QUEEN tri tri tri tri (gen. trio trio trio trio and dative trin trin trin trin are also
attested, the latter in the Elaine inscription).
LT1:260 gives turinqui turinqui turinqui turinqui "queen", while LT1:273

gives vardi, vardi, vardi, vardi, but these are hardly valid words in
LotR-style Quenya. QUEEN OF STARS (Varda's
title) Elentri Elentri Elentri Elentri (so in LotR and Silm; Etym has also
Tinwetri Tinwetri Tinwetri Tinwetri, Tinwetar Tinwetar Tinwetar Tinwetar, Tinwerontar Tinwerontar Tinwerontar Tinwerontar); QUEEN OF
THE EARTH Kementri Kementri Kementri Kementri (a title of Yavanna) -
T/LT1:264/Nam/RGEO:67, Silm:55/437/30
QUICK STROKE rinc rinc rinc rinc (stem r rr rinci inci inci inci-) (flourish) -
RIK
QUIET (noun) quild quild quild quild (rest, hush) -GL:23
QUIVER vainol vainol vainol vainol -LT1:271
QUOTATION eques eques eques eques (pl. equessi equessi equessi equessi) (dictum,
proverbial dictum, saying) -WJ:392

R

RACE nr nr nr nr (land, country, dwelling-place,
nation, native land, family) -N
RADAGAST Aiwendil Aiwendil Aiwendil Aiwendil ("Lover of Birds", his
original Valinorean name, not an actual
translation of "Radagast", which is either
Adnaic for "Tender of Beasts" or a Mannish
name of uncertain meaning) -UT:393/417, cf.
390, 401
RADIANCE alcar alcar alcar alcar, alcar alcar alcar alcar (brilliance, splendour),
incal incal incal incal (compare Ancal Ancal Ancal Ancal or "Radiant One" as a
name of the Sun, LR:392 s.v. KAL, though it is
not clear whether or not Tolkien abandoned this
word), fair fair fair fair (Note: the word fair fair fair fair has several
other meanings - see DEATH, FREEDOM,
PHANTOM), nalta nalta nalta nalta (glittering reflection - alata alata alata alata in
Silm:433 is the Telerin form, and alta alta alta alta in VT42:32
would seem to be a variant. In PM:347, nalta nalta nalta nalta is
spelt with initial , that is, ng ng ng ng. Initial ng ng ng ng had
become n n n n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the
system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But
nmen nmen nmen nmen.) RADIANT alcarinqua alcarinqua alcarinqua alcarinqua (glorious) -AKLA-
R, VT45:36, PHAY, PM:347, WJ:369 (where
alkar alkar alkar alkar is translated "splendour")
RAGE aha aha aha aha -LotR:1157
RAIN mist mist mist mist (fine rain), ross ross ross ross (fine rain, dew,
spray), ucco ucco ucco ucco; RAINBOW helyanw helyanw helyanw helyanw (lit. "sky-
bridge"), Ilweran Ilweran Ilweran Ilweran, Ilweranta Ilweranta Ilweranta Ilweranta. (LT2 has iluquinga iluquinga iluquinga iluquinga
"sky-bow", but this was obsoleted together with
ilu ilu ilu ilu "sky"; see SKY.) -MIZD, ROS cf. Letters:282,
GL:74, 3EL, LT1:256, LT2:348
RAISE orta orta orta orta- (lift up, rise) (pa.t. ortan ortan ortan ortan is
attested; orta orta orta orta- -- - probably obsoletes orto orto orto orto- -- - in
LT1:256), amu amu amu amu- -- - -ORO, Nam, RGEO:67, LT2:335
RAPID larca larca larca larca, alarca alarca alarca alarca -LAK
RAT nyarro nyarro nyarro nyarro ("nyano" in LR:379 must be a
misreading of Tolkien's manuscript; the primitive
form is given as nyadr, which could not possibly
become "nyano" in Quenya). -NYAD, VT46:7
RAVINE axa axa axa axa (narrow path), yw yw yw yw (cleft,
gulf/gully), falqua falqua falqua falqua (cleft, mountain pass) -AK,
YAG/VT46:22, LT2:341
RAY OF LIGHT alca alca alca alca; RAY OF THE SUN firin firin firin firin
(the latter may not be a valid word in LotR-style
Quenya; it would clash with the verb "I fade" or "I
die"). -AKLA-R, LT2:341
"RAYMENT, VEILS" fana fana fana fana (pl fanar fanar fanar fanar is attested.
This word was used of the visible bodies in
which the Valar presented themselves to
incarnates.) -RGEO:74
RE- (prefix) en en en en- -- - (as in entuless entuless entuless entuless "return" and
envinyatar envinyatar envinyatar envinyatar "renewer", q.v. Also used on verbs:
#enquat #enquat #enquat #enquat- -- - "refill" [only fut. enquantuva enquantuva enquantuva enquantuva is attested,
see REFILL]. Before the consonants l ll l, m mm m, r rr r, s ss s,
the prefix en en en en- -- - would be assimilated to *el el el el- -- -, *em em em em-,
*er er er er-, and *es es es es-, respectively. Very early [The Lost
Tales] "Qenya" has an an an an- -- - instead of en en en en- -- - [see
LT1:184].)
REACH *rahta rahta rahta rahta- -- - (strech out) (Emended from the
actual reading rakta rakta rakta rakta; Tolkien later decided that kt kt kt kt
became ht ht ht ht in Quenya) -LT1:335
REAL anwa anwa anwa anwa (actual, true) -ANA
2

REALM arda arda arda arda (region). This word means "any
more or less bounded or defined place, a region"
(WJ:402) or "a particular land or region"
(WJ:413). Arda Arda Arda Arda (with a capital A AA A) was "the name
given to our world or earth...within the immensity
of E". -3AR, Letters:283
REAR (noun) tell tell tell tell -TELES
RECALL (i.e. remember) #enyal enyal enyal enyal- (inf. or gerund
enyali enyali enyali enyali) -UT:302, 317
RECKON not not not not- -- -; *RECKONING #onti #onti #onti #onti (isolated
from Ynonti Ynonti Ynonti Ynonti *"reckoning of years"),
*RECKONER Ontimo Ontimo Ontimo Ontimo (the untranslated title of
one Quennar, an expert of chronology) -NOT,
MR:48-51
RECEIVE tuvu tuvu tuvu tuvu- (same as in utvienyes utvienyes utvienyes utvienyes "I have
found it"? See FIND) -GL:71
RED carn carn carn carn (stem carni carni carni carni-), aira aira aira aira ("ruddy, copper-
coloured"), *narwa narwa narwa narwa ("fiery red", cited in the

archaic form narw in the source. Cf. n nn nr r r r
"flame"), nasar nasar nasar nasar (adopted from Valarin; used in
Vanyarin Quenya only); RED [HEAT?] (Tolkien's
handwriting was illegible) yulm yulm yulm yulm (Note: a
homophone means "drinking, carousal".) RED
FLAME rnya rnya rnya rnya, WITH ADORNMENT OF RED
JEWELS carnimri carnimri carnimri carnimri (a pl form? Sg *carni carni carni carnimra mra mra mra?
Letters:224 has carne carne carne carne- -- - instead of carni carni carni carni- -- -.) -
KARN/Silm:429, GAY, NAR, WJ:399, YUL,
Silm:437, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224
REDEEMER #runando runando runando runando (isolated from
Mardorunando Mardorunando Mardorunando Mardorunando, "Redeemer of the World") -
VT45:17
REED lisc lisc lisc lisc (sedge) -LT2:335 (GL:34 also gives
feng feng feng feng-, but some ending would be required)
REEK usqu usqu usqu usqu -USUK
REFILL #enquat enquat enquat enquat- -- - (only fut. enquantuva enquantuva enquantuva enquantuva is
attested, but cf. quat quat quat quat- -- - "fill" in WJ:392) -Nam
REFLECTION (glittering) nalta nalta nalta nalta (radiance - alata alata alata alata
in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta nalta nalta nalta
is spelt with initial , that is, ng ng ng ng. Initial ng ng ng ng had
system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But
nmen nmen nmen nmen.) -PM:347
REFUSE vquet vquet vquet vquet- -- - (forbid, say no) (1st pers. sg
aorist and past vquetin vquetin vquetin vquetin, vquenten vquenten vquenten vquenten are given)
avaquet avaquet avaquet avaquet- (forbid) (pa.t. is no doubt *avaquent avaquent avaquent avaquent;
cf. quet quet quet quet- -- - under SAY), ava ava ava ava- -- - (say no). (Pa.t. avan avan avan avan
is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary
language".) -WJ:370, KWET
REGARDS - see AS REGARDS
REGION mna mna mna mna, arda arda arda arda (realm), harda harda harda harda -MEN,
LotR:1157, VT45:12
REGULAR sanya sanya sanya sanya ( ) (law-abiding, normal)
(variant vorosanya vorosanya vorosanya vorosanya with a prefixed element
meaning "ever"). -STAN, VT46:16
RELATE #nyar nyar nyar nyar- (cited as nyarin nyarin nyarin nyarin, 1st pers.
aorist) (tell); NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED
avanyrima avanyrima avanyrima avanyrima -NAR
2
, WJ:370
RELEASE lerya lerya lerya lerya- (set free, let go), fainu fainu fainu fainu- -- -,
apsen apsen apsen apsen- (remit, forgive; see FORGIVE).
RELEASED lehta lehta lehta lehta (free); RELEASED ELEMENT
(a term for "vowel") #lehta tengw lehta tengw lehta tengw lehta tengw (only pl. lehta lehta lehta lehta
teng teng teng tengwi wi wi wi is attested; we would rather expect *leht leht leht leht
tengwi tengwi tengwi tengwi). -VT41:5, 6, LT2:250, VT43:18, 20,
VT39:17
REMAIN lemya lemya lemya lemya- (to tarry). Possibly this verb
should have the past tense *lemn lemn lemn lemn rather than
?lemyan lemyan lemyan lemyan, since intransitive verbs in -ya ya ya ya may
seem to surrender this suffix in the past tense.
REMAINS erin erin erin erin (evidently a verb; the ending -n nn n
for 3rd person rather than 1st person would not
be valid in later Quenya. A verbal stem #er er er er-
"remain" may perhaps be isolated, but the
source is very early and writers should rather
use lemya lemya lemya lemya-.) -VT45:26, LT1:269
REMEMBER, see RECALL
REMIT apsen apsen apsen apsen- (release, forgive; see
FORGIVE). -VT43:18, 20
REMOTE haira haira haira haira (far), eccaira eccaira eccaira eccaira, avahaira avahaira avahaira avahaira, vahya vahya vahya vahya
or avahya avahya avahya avahya -KHAYA, VT45:21
REND narca narca narca narca- -- - (in the Etymologies as published
in LR, "narka" in Tolkien's manuscript was
misread as "narki"; see VT45:37), RENDING
naraca naraca naraca naraca (harsh, violent) (possibly "of sounds", but
Tolkien's extra comment is partially illegible) -
NRAK, VT45:37
RENEW #envinyata #envinyata #envinyata #envinyata- -- - (heal) (isolated from
Envinyatar Envinyatar Envinyatar Envinyatar, see below. Past participle
Envinyanta Envinyanta Envinyanta Envinyanta is attested, though it is translated
"healed" rather than *"renewed".) RENEWER
Envinyatar Envinyatar Envinyatar Envinyatar -MR:405, LotR:897
REPEAT tatya tatya tatya tatya- -- - (double); REPEATED vrima vrima vrima vrima
(changed from vorima vorima vorima vorima) (continual), vra vra vra vra
(enduring, continuous) -TATA, BOR, VT45:7
REPETITION - continuous repetition:
vorongandel vorongandel vorongandel vorongandel ("vorogandele" in the published
Etymologies is a misreading; see VT45:7)
(harping on one tune) -LIN
1

REPOSE Est Est Est Est (the name of a Vali; because of
this name, est est est est fell out of use as a general word
for "repose"). According to VT46:12, Tolkien also
considered erd erd erd erd as a word for "repose", but he
marked it with an X, possibly indicating that he
considered abandoning this word because it
clashed with erd erd erd erd "seed, germ". Because of its
uncertain status, writers should probably avoid
erd erd erd erd "repose". -WJ:403, 404
RESONANCE OF THE VOCAL CHORDS ma ma ma ma
(voice) -VT39:16
RESONANT (of strings) tunga tunga tunga tunga (taut, tight) -TUG
REST serin serin serin serin ("I rest", 1st pers. aorist); REST
(noun) sr sr sr sr (repose, peace), quild quild quild quild (quiet, hush);
Est Est Est Est (the name of a Vali; because of this name,
est est est est fell out of use as a general word for "rest")
(repose); TAKE A REST hauta hauta hauta hauta- -- -; RESTING
senda senda senda senda (at peace) -SED, EZD/WJ:404, GL:23,
KHAW
RESTRAIN avalerya avalerya avalerya avalerya- (bind, make fast, deprive
of liberty) -VT41:5, 6
RETURN (vb) pel pel pel pel- -- - (revolve, go round),
RETURN (noun) entuless entuless entuless entuless -PEL, UT:171, 434
REVERED The element #ar ar ar ar- -- - in Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass Arfanyarass (a
name of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e.,
noble, revered)" -WJ:416
REVERSED nuquerna nuquerna nuquerna nuquerna -LotR:1157
REVOLVE pel pel pel pel- -- - (return, go round) -PEL
RICH alya alya alya alya (prosperous, abundant, blessed),
lra lra lra lra (also = fat, and probably the best word for
"rich" in the strictly material sense), aut aut aut aut (also as

noun: prosperity, wealth), herenya herenya herenya herenya (wealthy,
fortunate, blessed). RICHES lar lar lar lar (fat) -
GALA/VT42:32, VT45:26, LT2:335, KHER,
VT45:26
RIDER roquen roquen roquen roquen (horseman, knight) -WJ:372,
UT:282
RIGHT tra tra tra tra (straight), vanima vanima vanima vanima (fair, proper,
beautiful). RIGHT (direction) forya forya forya forya (dexter), fort fort fort fort
(stem *forti forti forti forti-) (Note: the latter word also means
"northern"); RIGHTHANDED for for for formait mait mait mait (stem
*formaiti formaiti formaiti formaiti-) (dexterous) -TE3, LT1:272,
PHOR/VT46:10
RIME ringw ringw ringw ringw (frost) -LT1:255
RING #corma corma corma corma (isolated from cormacolindor cormacolindor cormacolindor cormacolindor
"Ring-bearers"); RING-DAY Cormar Cormar Cormar Cormar (Yavanni
30th, a festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this
was his birthday); RING-WRAITHS lairi lairi lairi lairi
(Nazgl) (pl; sg #lair #lair #lair #lair? Note that lairi lairi lairi lairi is not a
literal translation of "ring-wraiths"; the prefix -
may mean "un-" with evil connotation; the rest of
the word is obscure. Lair Lair Lair Lair "summer" or "poem"
can hardly have anything to do with #lai #lai #lai #lairi ri ri ri. The
syllable l l l l- may also have something to do with
the Black Speech word gl, wraith.) -LotR:989 cf.
Letters:308, LotR.1146, Silm:362, 417
RINGING SOUND lma lma lma lma (echo - so in Etym, but
see SOUND) -LAM
RISE orta orta orta orta- -- - (pa.t. ortan ortan ortan ortan is attested; orta orta orta orta- -- -
obsoletes oro oro oro oro- -- - in LT1:256) (lift up, raise); RISING
(noun) r r r r (Note: a homophone means "heart,
inner mind"; but cf. MIGHTY-RISING); SUNRISE
anarr anarr anarr anarr (LT1:264 has oront oront oront oront, oronto oronto oronto oronto, but these
words may not be valid in LotR-style Quenya). -
ORO, LT1:256, Nam/RGEO:67
RIVER sr sr sr sr (stream). (LT1:248/262 also gives
nen nen nen nen, while LT1:260 gives celusindi celusindi celusindi celusindi; LT1:265
gives sindi sindi sindi sindi; these may not be valid words in
LotR-style Quenya). RIVULET siril siril siril siril; MOUTH OF
RIVER etsir etsir etsir etsir -SIR, ET
ROAD ta ta ta ta (straight line) (note: not to be
confused with the verb ta ta ta ta- "indicate"), ROAD IN
SEA lond lond lond lond (entrance to harbour, translated
"haven" in Alqualond Alqualond Alqualond Alqualond Haven of the Swans,
UT:417; the additional gloss "fairway" turned up
in VT45:28), ti ti ti ti (path, course, direction, way),
#vanda vanda vanda vanda (isolated form Qualvanda Qualvanda Qualvanda Qualvanda "Road of
same page) -TE, LOD/VT45:28,
TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264
ROARING rva rva rva rva; ROARING NOISE rv rv rv rv -
MC:223 cf. 215
ROBE vaima vaima vaima vaima -LT1:271
ROCKHEWN HALL hrta hrta hrta hrta (dwelling
underground, artificial cave) -PM:365
ROOF (vb) tpa tpa tpa tpa- -- -; ROOF (noun) tpa tpa tpa tpa; HAVING
A ROOF telda telda telda telda; "DOWN-ROOF" (cover) untpa untpa untpa untpa- -
TOP, LT2:348, RGEO:67/Nam
ROOM samb samb samb samb ( ) (chamber) -STAB
ROOT, ROOTWORD sundo sundo sundo sundo ( ) (pl #sundar sundar sundar sundar in
Tarmasundar Tarmasundar Tarmasundar Tarmasundar "Roots of the Pillar" in UT:166, but
this may be a different word) (base), talma talma talma talma
(foundation), sulca sulca sulca sulca (esp. edible root) -SUD (but
VT46:16 indicates that Tolkien changed the root
to STUD, also implying that sundo sundo sundo sundo was originally
undo undo undo undo), TAL, SLUK
ROUND corna corna corna corna (globed), corima corima corima corima; ISOLATED
ROUND HILL tolmen tolmen tolmen tolmen (boss of shield), GO
ROUND pel pel pel pel- -- - (return, revolve) -KOR, LT1:257,
269, PEL
ROW tma tma tma tma (series, line) (pl tmar tmar tmar tmar is attested) -
TE, LotR:1153
ROYAL #arna arna arna arna (isolated from Arnanor Arnanor Arnanor Arnanor,
Arnanr Arnanr Arnanr Arnanr, "royal land", Arnor); ROYALIST
arandil arandil arandil arandil (king's friend) -Letters:428, 386
RUDDY aira aira aira aira (red, copper-coloured), roina roina roina roina -
GAY, ROY
RUINOUS atalanta atalanta atalanta atalanta (pl. atalanti atalanti atalanti atalanti is attested) -
MC:222, 223
RULE (vb) heru heru heru heru- -- - (Note: heru heru heru heru is also the noun
"lord"). LT1:273 has vard vard vard vard- -- - "rule, govern", but this
is hardly a valid word in LotR-style Quenya.
RULE (noun) sany sany sany sany ( ) (law), axan axan axan axan
(commandment, law, as proceeding primarily
from Eru; pl. axani axani axani axani is attested.) -LT1:272, STAN,
WJ:399/VT39:30
RULER cno cno cno cno, cnu cnu cnu cnu (see COMMANDER)
(governor, chieftain, commander), #tur #tur #tur #tur (as in
Minyatur Minyatur Minyatur Minyatur, "first Ruler") (lord) -UT:400, 466
RUN ON, RUN SMOOTHLY nornoro nornoro nornoro nornoro- -- - -LT1:263
RUNE certa certa certa certa (pl certar certar certar certar is attested. This word
only occurred in Exilic Quenya, adopted and
adapted from Sindarin certh. Tolkien notes that if
inherited, the form would have had the form
*cirt *cirt *cirt *cirt.) -WJ:396, LotR:1151
RUSHING (adjectival) rimpa rimpa rimpa rimpa (flying), arauca arauca arauca arauca
(swift); RUSHING (noun) orm orm orm orm (wrath, violence,
haste) -KHOR, LT2:347, GOR
RUSTLE esc esc esc esc (noise of leaves) -EZGE

S

SAFE varna varna varna varna (protected, secure). (GL:58 has
moina moina moina moina "safe, secure", but in Tolkien's later
Quenya moina moina moina moina means "dear, familiar", and the
former moina moina moina moina now appears as muina muina muina muina "hidden,
secret".) SAFE KEEPING mando mando mando mando (custody) -
BAR, MR:350
SAGA nyr nyr nyr nyr, nyarna nyarna nyarna nyarna (tale, history) -NAR
2

SAGACIOUS finwa finwa finwa finwa -LT1:253
SAIL #cir cir cir cir- -- - (only attested as a continuative stem:
cra cra cra cra). LT1:273 has wili wili wili wili- -- - "sail, float, fly", but see
FLY. -MC:221
SAILOR ciryaquen ciryaquen ciryaquen ciryaquen (shipman) -WJ:372
SAKALTHR Falassion Falassion Falassion Falassion -UT:223
SALVE lipsa lipsa lipsa lipsa -LIB
2

SANCTUARY yna yna yna yna (holy place) -YAN
SAND lits lits lits lits -LIT
SARUMAN Curumo Curumo Curumo Curumo (= Sindarin Curunr) -
UT:393, 401, 427
SATURN Lumbar Lumbar Lumbar Lumbar -WJ:xi/Basic Quenya:24, cf.
Silm:55
SAURON (The Abhorred) Sauron Sauron Sauron Sauron ( ), other
names Sro Sro Sro Sro, Sauro Sauro Sauro Sauro (all ) -THUS
SAVE, see DELIVER
SAY quet quet quet quet- (pa.t. quent quent quent quent) (speak, talk), equ equ equ equ
(the latter word "has no tense forms...being
mostly used only before either a proper
name...or a full independent pronoun, in the
senses say / says or said. A quotation then
follows, either direct, or less usually indirect after
a 'that'-construction (...) Affixes appear in equen
'said I', eques 'said he / she' ." (WJ:392, 415) Cf.
also SAY NO vquet vquet vquet vquet- -- - (forbid, refuse) (1st pers.
sg aorist and past vquetin vquetin vquetin vquetin, vquenten vquenten vquenten vquenten are
given), ava ava ava ava- -- - (refuse) (pa.t. avan avan avan avan is given; this
verb was "little used in ordinary language"). NOT
TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID
avaqutima avaqutima avaqutima avaqutima. SAYING eques eques eques eques (pl. equessi equessi equessi equessi)
(dictum, proverbial dictum, quotation) -Silm:436,
WJ:370, LT2:348, WJ:392
SCHOLAR istyar istyar istyar istyar (learned man) -IS
SCOOP OUT calpa calpa calpa calpa- -- - (draw out, bale out) -
KALPA
SCORN yaiw yaiw yaiw yaiw (mocking) -YAY
SCREEN (vb) telta telta telta telta- -- - (canopy, overshadow),
SCREEN FROM LIGHT halya halya halya halya- -- - (veil, conceal) -
SKAL, TEL
SEA ar ar ar ar, air air air air (in Etym said to apply to "inner
seas of Middle-earth", but Tolkien later used
these words of the ocean). LT2:347 also gives
Rsa Rsa Rsa Rsa "the Sea". SEA-DWELLING Embar Embar Embar Embar
(name of a ship), SEA-SPIRIT falmar falmar falmar falmar/falmarin falmarin falmarin falmarin
(pl. falmarindi falmarindi falmarindi falmarindi) (nymph), SEA-ELF Teler Teler Teler Teler (Telelli Telelli Telelli Telelli,
Telelli Telelli Telelli Telelli "Teler-folk", adj Telerin Telerin Telerin Telerin "Telerian"),
SEAWEED aruil aruil aruil aruil (also simply uil uil uil uil, see
PLANT), CHILD OF THE SEA oar oar oar oar (merchild),
SEAWARD PRECIPICE ollo ollo ollo ollo (cliff). (The
alternative form old old old old may be archaic Quenya.) -
AYAR/Letters:386/RGEO:73, UT:430, LT2:347,
TELES, LT1:263, LT1:252
SECOND #tatya tatya tatya tatya (cf. Tatyar Tatyar Tatyar Tatyar, "the Seconds", the
Second Clan of the Elves), neuna neuna neuna neuna; THE
SECOND Atani Atani Atani Atani (sg Atan Atan Atan Atan - an Elvish name of
Men, later only used of Men of the Three Houses
of the Edain.) -WJ:420, NDEW, WJ:403
SECRET (adj) muina muina muina muina (hidden), nulla nulla nulla nulla, nulda nulda nulda nulda,
lomba lomba lomba lomba; SECRET (noun) fl fl fl fl (secrecy);
SECRECY muil muil muil muil, fl fl fl fl (secret), SECRETIVE
flima flima flima flima -MUY, DUL, LT1:255, LT2:340
SECURE varna varna varna varna (protected, safe), SECURITY
varnass varnass varnass varnass. (GL:58 has moina moina moina moina "safe, secure", but
in Tolkien's later Quenya moina moina moina moina means "dear,
familiar", and the former moina moina moina moina seems to have
been altered to muina muina muina muina "hidden, secret".) -BAR
SEDGE lisc lisc lisc lisc (reed) -LT2:335
SEE cen cen cen cen- -- - (behold) (future tense cenuva cenuva cenuva cenuva is
attested), vla vla vla vla- -- -; SEE! ela ela ela ela (lo! look!) (directing
sight to an actually visible object) -MC:222, Arct,
WJ:362 cf. 360
SEED erd erd erd erd (germ. Note: a homophone means
"person".) -ERD
SEIZE mapa mapa mapa mapa- -- - (grasp) This word was struck out
in one of Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym
it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339
SELF-NAME #cilmess cilmess cilmess cilmess (only pl. cilmessi cilmessi cilmessi cilmessi is
attested, said to mean more literally "names of
personal choice": #cilm #cilm #cilm #cilm "choice" + essi essi essi essi
"names". PM:339 explains that "some among the
exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or
in reference to their own deeds and personal
history: such names were called kilmessi 'self-
names'.")
SEMI-VOWEL - the term #muss tengw muss tengw muss tengw muss tengw "soft
element" (only attested in the pl.: muss tengwi muss tengwi muss tengwi muss tengwi)

covers vowels, semi-vowels (y, w) and
continuants (l, r, m, n). -VT39:17
SEND menta menta menta menta- (cause to go [in a desired
direction]), SENDING (noun) menta menta menta menta (message);
THOUGHT-SENDING sanwe sanwe sanwe sanwe- -- -menta menta menta menta (mental
message) -VT41:5
SEND FLYING horta horta horta horta- -- - (speed, urge) -KHOR
SEND FOR tulta tulta tulta tulta- -- - (fetch, summon) -TUL
SENTENCE quentel quentel quentel quentel -LT2:348
SEPTEMBER Yavanni Yavanni Yavanni Yavanni -
LotR:1144/1146/Silm:439
SERIES tma tma tma tma (pl. tmar tmar tmar tmar is attested) (row, line) -
TE, LotR:1153
SERPENT lc lc lc lc (snake, dragon; "so do the
Eldar name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85). The
word fo fo fo foalc alc alc alc is said to be a "name of a serpent
that guarded a treasure". The word is not
capitalized, so this "name" must be a common
noun and not a proper name. -LOK, LT2:340
SERVANT nro nro nro nro (in the Etymologies as
published in LR, the gloss is misread as
"sunset"; see VT45:38), also -(n nn n)dur dur dur dur (final
element in compounds, e.g. arandur arandur arandur arandur "king's
servant, minister, steward". When the first part of
the compound ends in l ll l, n nn n, or r rr r, the n n n n of - -- -ndur ndur ndur ndur is
left out). -ND, Letters:386
SET panya panya panya panya- -- - (fix), SET (of Sun or Moon) nt nt nt nta aa a- -- -
(sink, stoop), SET FREE lerya lerya lerya lerya- (release, let go),
SET UP tulca tulca tulca tulca- -- - (fix, establish. Note: there is a
homophone meaning "firm, steadfast, strong,
immoveable".) SET ASIDE #sat sat sat sat- (appropriate to
a special purpose or owner). The verb #sat sat sat sat- is
cited in the form "sati sati sati sati-", evidently including the
connecting vowel of the aorist, as in *satin satin satin satin "I set
aside". SET VIGOROUSLY OUT TO DO horya horya horya horya-
(be compelled to do, have an impulse) -PAN,
ND, VT41:5, 6; LT1:270 cf. TULUK, VT42:20,
VT45:22
SETTLED - be settled: mar mar mar mar- -- - (abide, be fixed)
SETTLED CHARACTER indm indm indm indm ("also used of
the 'will' of Eru [God]"). For "character" = letter,
see LETTER. -UT:317, VT43:16
SEVEN otso otso otso otso -OT
SHADE lo lo lo lo (= shadow cast by an object),
laim laim laim laim, lmin lmin lmin lmin (shadow); SHADES OF NIGHT
lm lm lm lm (Night, night-time, dusk, gloom, twilight),
SHADY halda halda halda halda (veiled, hidden, shadowed), laira laira laira laira -
DAY, LT1:255, DO3
SHADOW lo lo lo lo ( =shadow cast by an object)
(shade), also laim laim laim laim (shadow "cast by an object
or form", VT45:8), lmin lmin lmin lmin (shade), lumbul lumbul lumbul lumbul
(=[heavy] shadow), fuin fuin fuin fuin, huin huin huin huin (= deep shadow)
(gloom, darkness - according to VT41:8, fuin fuin fuin fuin is
actually a Telerin form, the proper Quenya form
being huin huin huin huin), ungo ungo ungo ungo (=dark shadow) (cloud),
mordo mordo mordo mordo (obscurity, stain, smear, dimness), lumb lumb lumb lumb
(gloom). "The Shadow" meaning Sauron should
probably be Huin Huin Huin Huin, as this word is associated
with his coming to Nmenor in LR:47 and
SD:246/310. SHADOWED halda halda halda halda (veiled, hidden,
shady). -DAY/VT45:8, LT1:255, Nam/RGEO:67,
PHUY, UG, MOR/VT45:35, LUM, SKAL
SHAGGY aul aul aul aul (May have been obsoleted by
the later [TLT] word aul aul aul aul "invention".) -LT1:249
SHAKE: In the Etymologies as printed in LR,
rinc rinc rinc rinc was glossed "quick shake", but according
to VT46:11 the proper reading of Tolkien's
manuscript is "quick stroke". -RIK, VT46:11
SHAPE (vb) canta canta canta canta- -- -, veni veni veni veni (gerund? Stem #ven ven ven ven- -- -
?) (cut); SHAPE (noun) venw venw venw venw (cut), SHAPED
canta canta canta canta (also as quasi-suffix, e.g. lassecanta lassecanta lassecanta lassecanta "leaf-
shaped"); SHAPED STONE ambal ambal ambal ambal (flag) -KAT,
LT1:254, MBAL
SHARE hyanda hyanda hyanda hyanda (blade) -LT2:342
SHARP maica maica maica maica (piercing), aica aica aica aica (fell, terrible,
dire; this gloss "sharp" is isolated from one
translation of Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro:) SHARP-FLAME
Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro Aicanro "Fell Fire, Aegnor" (so in Silm:435;
MR:323 has Aicanr Aicanr Aicanr Aicanr) In the printed Etymologies,
a word for "keen, sharp, acute" is given as "laike"
in the entry LAIK, but not only is this a
misreading for "laika" (VT45:25): the conceptual
validity of this word may be questioned because
laika laika laika laika, laica laica laica laica is the word for "green" in later
sources. -Silm:434, AYAK, MR:323, LAIK
SHARP-PROWED SHIP cirya cirya cirya cirya (see SHIP) -
Silm:433 (where the spelling crya crya crya crya occurs, but all
other sources have cirya cirya cirya cirya with a short i ii i, so crya crya crya crya
is likely an error by Christopher Tolkien).
SHATTERED rcina rcina rcina rcina (confused, disordered) -
MC:223
SHE see HE.
SHEATH vain vain vain vain -LT1:271
SHEEN, THE Isil Isil Isil Isil (Moon) -THIL
SHEEP mma mma mma mma (Unlike English "sheep", this
word probably has a distinct plural *mmar *mmar *mmar *mmar.) -
WJ:395
SHELL hyalma hyalma hyalma hyalma (conch, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL
SHEPHERD mavor mavor mavor mavor (GL:58 gives mavar mavar mavar mavar);
SHEPHERDESS emerwen emerwen emerwen emerwen. The word mmandil mmandil mmandil mmandil,
etymologically "sheep-friend" (mma mma mma mma "sheep" + -
ndil ndil ndil ndil "friend"), may perhaps also be used for
"shepherd". -LT1:268, UT:434, UT:209
SHIELD turma turma turma turma, umbas umbas umbas umbas ( ); BOSS OF SHIELD
tolmen tolmen tolmen tolmen (isolated round hill) -TURM, VT45:33,
LT1:269
SHIFT (of large and heavy things:) rma rma rma rma- -- - (part.
rmala rmala rmala rmala is attested) (heave, move) -MC:223, 222
SHINE cala cala cala cala- -- - (fut. caluva caluva caluva caluva is attested), calta calta calta calta- -- -;
SHINE WHITE sil sil sil sil- -- - (present tense sla sla sla sla, aorist sg.
sil sil sil sil, aorist pl. silir silir silir silir, and freq. sisla sisla sisla sisla- -- - are attested),
ninquita ninquita ninquita ninquita- -- -; SHINING WHITE (adj) silma silma silma silma (silver) -

LT1:254, UT:22 cf. 51, KAL, MC:223, NIK-W,
SIL/LotR:94/The Return of the Shadow:324
SHINGLE sarni sarni sarni sarni (pebble-bank) -UT:463
SHIP cirya cirya cirya cirya (defined as "sharp-prowed ship" in
Silm:433; dual ciriat ciriat ciriat ciriat [read *ciryat ciryat ciryat ciryat?] is attested in
Letters:427; all numbers and cases except plural
possessive *ciryaiva *ciryaiva *ciryaiva *ciryaiva are attested in the Plotz
letter. In Silm:433, the spelling crya crya crya crya occurs, but
all other sources have cirya cirya cirya cirya with a short i ii i, so
crya crya crya crya is likely an error by Christopher Tolkien);
lunt lunt lunt lunt (boat); SHIPMAN ciryaquen ciryaquen ciryaquen ciryaquen (sailor) -KIR,
LT1:249/LUT, WJ:318
SHORE falas falas falas falas (falass falass falass falass- -- -), falass falass falass falass (beach, line of
surf, "especially one [i.e. a shore] exposed to
great waves and breakers", VT42:15), fra fra fra fra
(beach), hyapat hyapat hyapat hyapat; SHORE-PIPER, SHORELAND
PIPER Solosimp Solosimp Solosimp Solosimp (pl Solosimpi Solosimpi Solosimpi Solosimpi is attested) -
LT1:253, VT42:15, Silm:431, VT46:15, SKYAP,
LT1:251, 265
SHORT s ss sinta inta inta inta ( ); SHORT STABBING SWORD
ecet ecet ecet ecet (broad-bladed sword) -STINT, UT:284
SHOULDER rma rma rma rma (Note: a homophone means
"horn" or "trumpet-sound, loud sound") See also
BACK. -LT2:335
SHOUT (vb) rama rama rama rama- -- -; SHOUT (noun) ramb ramb ramb ramb,
SHOUT yello yello yello yello (call, cry of triumph), SHOUTER
ramandor ramandor ramandor ramandor (but in LotR-style Quenya this would
probably be a pl; sg *ramando ramando ramando ramando) -LT1:259, GYEL,
VT45:16
SHOW tana tana tana tana- -- - (indicate) (Note: tana tana tana tana also means
"that".) -MR:385
SICKLE circa circa circa circa; SICKLE OF THE VALAR
Valacirca Valacirca Valacirca Valacirca (= the Great Bear, the Plough, the Big
Dipper or the Wain), also called Otselen Otselen Otselen Otselen = The
Seven Stars. -KIRIK, OT
SICK(LY) laiwa laiwa laiwa laiwa (ill), caimassa caimassa caimassa caimassa (bedridden),
engwa engwa engwa engwa (cf. Engwar Engwar Engwar Engwar "The Sickly", an Elvish name
for Men); SICKNESS qum qum qum qum, lv lv lv lv (maybe better
cited as *hlv hlv hlv hlv), caila caila caila caila (or possibly only adj. lying
in bed, bedridden; see caila caila caila caila in the Quenya-
English wordlist for further discussion), caimass caimass caimass caimass
(etymologically "[state of being] in bed") -SLIW,
KAY/VT45:19, GENG-W, Silm:122, KWAM
SIGH see EXPIRE. Cf. also one of Nienna's
titles: Nri Nri Nri Nri, she who sighs. -LT1:263 cf. 66.
SIGN tanna tanna tanna tanna, taina taina taina taina; tengw tengw tengw tengw (indication, token,
writing; tengw tengw tengw tengw is also used for what we should
call a phoneme - pl tengwi tengwi tengwi tengwi is attested), tehta tehta tehta tehta
(mark [in writing], diacritic) (In LotR:1155, this
word is applied to the supralinear vowel-signs of
Fanorian writing, and pl tehtar tehtar tehtar tehtar is attested.)
SYSTEM OR CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta
(grammar). For various linguistic terms, see
FULL SIGN, LACKING/INADEQUATE SIGN,
STRIPPED/DEPRIVED SIGN. -MR:385, WJ:394,
395, TEK
SIGNIFER Tancol Tancol Tancol Tancol ("the significant Star",
probably = Venus).
SILVER telp telp telp telp, telep telep telep telep- -- - (tyelp tyelp tyelp tyelp, tyelep tyelep tyelep tyelep- was the
original form of the word in Noldorin Quenya, but
"the form telpe telpe telpe telpe became usual, through the
influence of Telerin; for the Teleri prized silver
above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was
esteemed even by the Noldor" [UT:266].
However, in Letters:426 it is stated that "the form
tyelp tyelp tyelp tyelp remained in Quenya" and was not wholly
displaced by telp telp telp telp. LT1:268 has telp telp telp telp =
telemp telemp telemp telemp.) Cf. also ilsa ilsa ilsa ilsa (a "mystic name" of silver),
silm silm silm silm (also meaning light of Silpion, starlight).
SILVER (prob. adj) tinda tinda tinda tinda (glinting), OF SILVER
telepsa telepsa telepsa telepsa, telpina telpina telpina telpina, telemna telemna telemna telemna. SILVER LIGHT istel istel istel istel,
istil istil istil istil ("applied by the Ilkorins to starlight, probably
a Q[uenya] form learned from Melian"). SILVER
GLINT nill nill nill nill (a star on Varda's simulacrum
covering Valinor. Spelt ill ill ill ill, i.e., ngill ngill ngill ngill, in
MR:388, but initial ng ng ng ng had become n n n n in Third Age
pronunciation, and I follow the system of LotR
and transcribe it accordingly. But is this word is
written in Tengwar, the letter noldo noldo noldo noldo, not nmen nmen nmen nmen,
should be used to transcribe the initial n nn n.) -
Silm:429, KYELEP, LT1:255, SIL, TIN, MR:388
SIN (noun) #car car car car (isolated from caremmar caremmar caremmar caremmar
"our sins/trespasses"; SIN (verb) #car car car car- = "to sin,
trespass" (pl. aorist carer carer carer carer, carir carir carir carir attested);
SINNER #carindo carindo carindo carindo (variant #ulcarindo ulcarindo ulcarindo ulcarindo, possibly
an ephemeral form abandoned by Tolkien, which
may also be true of the forms #naicando naicando naicando naicando, #naico naico naico naico.
All the words for "sinner" are attested with the pl.
ending -r rr r attached.) -VT43:19, 21, 22, 33
SINEW tuo tuo tuo tuo (muscle) -TUG
SING lirin lirin lirin lirin ("I sing", 1st pers. aorist) (chant);
SINGER nyello nyello nyello nyello, lindo lindo lindo lindo (singing bird); SINGERS
Lindar Lindar Lindar Lindar (a name of the Teleri); SINGING lind lind lind lind
(air, tune, song), SINGING CLUSTER Lindelokt Lindelokt Lindelokt Lindelokt
(labernum). This is the form given in LT1:258;
Quenya. Read *Lindeloht Lindeloht Lindeloht Lindeloht in LotR-style
Quenya? -GLIR, NYEL, LIN
2
, WJ:418, Silm:431,
LT1:258
SINGLE erya erya erya erya (sole), SINGLY eress eress eress eress (only,
alone, also as noun: solitude) -ERE, LT1:269
SINGULARITY erd erd erd erd (used in the sense "person
as a whole", body and soul. Note: a homophone
means "seed, germ".) -MR:216
SINK (of Sun and Moon) nta nta nta nta- -- - (set) -ND
SIP salpa salpa salpa salpa- -- - (lick up, sup) -SLAP
SIRIUS Nielln Nielln Nielln Nielln, Nierninwa Nierninwa Nierninwa Nierninwa -LT1:262
SISTER seler seler seler seler ( ) (pl. selli selli selli selli), onm onm onm onm, onn onn onn onn;
SISTER (usually not of bloodkinship) osell osell osell osell ( )
(associate) -THEL, N
SIT har har har har- (in CO attested in the plural
continuative tense: hrar hrar hrar hrar "are sitting". According

to VT45:20, Tolkien derived har har har har- "sit" from a root
KHAD; if so, the past tense of har har har har- should
probably be *hand hand hand hand rather than *harn harn harn harn. In Etym,
the root KHAD was rejected and replaced by
KHAM-, and the new Quenya verb for "sit" thus
came to be ham ham ham ham- -- -. However, since har har har har- reappears
in such a late text as CO, Tolkien may have
decided to reinstate KHAD and its derivatives;
writers may then treat both h hh har ar ar ar- and ham ham ham ham- as
valid verbs "to sit".) -KHAM, UT:317, VT45:20
SIX enqu enqu enqu enqu -NEK
SKIES fanyar fanyar fanyar fanyar (upper airs and clouds) -MC:223
SKILL curu curu curu curu; SKILLED mait mait mait mait (stem *maiti maiti maiti maiti-, pl.
maisi maisi maisi maisi) (handy), BE SKILLED IN DEALING WITH
hanya hanya hanya hanya- -- - (understand, know about); SKILLFUL
[?DEVICE - Tolkien's handwriting was illegible]
curo curo curo curo (curu curu curu curu-) - -- -Silm:429, MA3, KHAN, VT41:10
SKIN helma helma helma helma (fell) (parma parma parma parma in LT2:346 is obsolete;
see BARK) -SKEL
SKY vilya vilya vilya vilya (older [MET] wilya wilya wilya wilya) (air), hell hell hell hell, ilw ilw ilw ilw
(heavens), telimbo telimbo telimbo telimbo (canopy), taim taim taim taim, taimi taimi taimi taimi.
(LT2:348 gives ilu ilu ilu ilu, but the meaning of this word
was later changed - Tolkien decided that Ilvatar Ilvatar Ilvatar Ilvatar
means "All-Father", not "Sky-Father" as he
originally thought.) "SKY-BRIDGE" (i.e., rainbow)
helyanw helyanw helyanw helyanw -LotR:1157, 3EL, LT1:255, LT2:348,
LT1:268
SLACKEN lehta lehta lehta lehta-, lenca lenca lenca lenca- -- - (loose) (In the printed
Etymologies, the n nn n of lenca lenca lenca lenca- was misread as u uu u;
see VT45:27.) -LEK
SLASH ciriss ciriss ciriss ciriss (gash) -KIRIS
SLAVE ml ml ml ml (thrall) -M, VT43:31
SLAY mac mac mac mac- -- - -LT1:259 (but in a much later source
reproduced in VT39.11, this verb is translated
"hews with a sword" instead; see under SLAYER
below for a possible verb "to slay" in more LotR-
compatible Quenya)
SLAYER #nehtar nehtar nehtar nehtar, isolated from Morinehtar Morinehtar Morinehtar Morinehtar
"Darkness-slayer" (PM:384, 385), name of a
wizard (istar). The noun #nehtar nehtar nehtar nehtar "slayer" may
seem to presuppose a verbal stem #nehta nehta nehta nehta- "to
slay, kill".
SLEEP (noun) fm fm fm fm. (This word points to *fum fum fum fum- -- -
as the stem of the verb "to sleep".) FLOWER
OF SLEEP - see POPPY. -LT1:253
SLENDER nind nind nind nind (stem *nindi nindi nindi nindi-), teren teren teren teren, teren teren teren teren -
NIN-DI, TER
SLIDE DOWN talta talta talta talta- -- - (slip, collapse) -MC:223
SLIP talta talta talta talta- -- - (slide down, collapse) -MC:223
SLOPE (vb) talta talta talta talta- -- -; SLOPE (noun) pend pend pend pend
(downslope, declivity), ampend ampend ampend ampend (upward slope),
SLOPING DOWN penda penda penda penda (inclined) -PEN
SLOW lenca lenca lenca lenca -LT2:341
SLUMBER (vb) lor lor lor lor- -- -, muru muru muru muru- -- -, SLUMBER (noun)
lr lr lr lr, murm murm murm murm, SLUMBROUS lorda lorda lorda lorda (drowsy),
murma murma murma murma -LT1:259, LOS, LT1:259, 260
*SMALL pitya pitya pitya pitya (never translated, but Pitya Pitya Pitya Pitya- -- -naucor naucor naucor naucor
is glossed "petty-dwarves", and pica pica pica pica "small spot"
must be derived from the same root.) Cf. also
nauca nauca nauca nauca, an adjective "especially applied to things
that though in themselves full-grown were
smaller or shorter than their kind, and were hard,
twisted, or ill-shapen." LT1:256 has an adjective
inya inya inya inya "small", but this is probably not a valid word
in LotR-style Quenya (in which language *inya *inya *inya *inya
may mean "my, mine".) -PIK, WJ:389, 413
SMALL STONE sar sar sar sar (pl. sardi sardi sardi sardi) -SAR
SMEAR mordo mordo mordo mordo (shadow, obscurity, stain,
dimness) -VT45:35, MOR
SMEARED pra pra pra pra (discoloured) -MC:223
SMILING raina raina raina raina (gracious, sweet-faced). NOTE:
A homophone means "nettled, enlaced". -
VT44:35
SMITH tano tano tano tano (craftsman), SMITH OF THE
WORLD Talca Marwa Talca Marwa Talca Marwa Talca Marwa (a title of Aul) -TAN,
LT1:266
SMOOTH pasta pasta pasta pasta -PATH
SMOULDERING HEAT yulm yulm yulm yulm (red [?heat] -
Tolkien's handwriting was illegible);
SMOULDERING WOOD yla yla yla yla (ember) -YUL
SNAKE ango ango ango ango (stem angu angu angu angu-, pl. angwi angwi angwi angwi), l ll leuca euca euca euca,
lc lc lc lc (serpent, dragon; "so do the Eldar name the
worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85) -ANGWA,
LotR:1149, LT2:340
SNARE (noun) remma remma remma remma, neuma neuma neuma neuma; SNARE (verb)
#rem rem rem rem- (cited as "remi-", evidently including the
connecting vowel of the aorist, as in *remin remin remin remin "I
snare") -VT42:12, SNEW
SNARL yarra yarra yarra yarra (growl) -MC:223
SNOUT mundo mundo mundo mundo (nose, cape) -MBUD
SNOW loss loss loss loss (spesifically "fallen snow", also
adjective "snow-white"; olos olos olos olos, oloss oloss oloss oloss. Etym
also gives niqu niqu niqu niqu, but this word is obsoleted by a
statement in WJ:417: "nique does not refer to
snow, but to cold". This statement may obsolete
niquetil niquetil niquetil niquetil "snowcap" in LT1:266. Is niquis niquis niquis niquis "snow"
from the same source a valid word? GL:35 has
fw fw fw fw "snow" and fauta fauta fauta fauta "it snows".) LIGHT SNOW
is is is is, SNOW-WHITE loss loss loss loss (which may also be the
noun "snow"), SNOWDROP nieninqu nieninqu nieninqu nieninqu (lit. "white
tear") -RGEO:69, GOLS, NIK-W-, NEI,
LT1:256, LT1:262/266
SO may generally be rendered by si si si si "thus"
(q.v. for reference). MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN.
SOAP lipsa lipsa lipsa lipsa -LIB
1

SOFT muss muss muss muss, milya milya milya milya (gentle, weak) (Note: milya milya milya milya-
is also a verb "long for"), maxa maxa maxa maxa (pliant), moica moica moica moica -
VT39:17, VT45:34, MASAG, GL:58
SOIL 1. (noun) cemen cemen cemen cemen (earth), 2. (vb) vahta vahta vahta vahta- -- -
(stain), SOILED vra vra vra vra (dirty) -LT1:257, WA3
SOLE erya erya erya erya (single), SOLITUDE eress eress eress eress (also as
adverb: single, only, alone) -ERE cf. LT1:269

SOLE OF FOOT talln talln talln talln (the form talas talas talas talas in LT2 is
probably obsolete) -RUN, LT2:347
SOLEMN PROMISE vanda vanda vanda vanda (oath, pledge) -
UT:317
SOLITARY erda erda erda erda (deserted) -LT1:269
SOLITUDE eress eress eress eress (also as adverb: singly, only,
alone) -ERE, LT1:269
SOMBRE morna morna morna morna (black, gloomy, dark) -MOR
SON yondo yondo yondo yondo (male descendant), also short form
yn yn yn yn (Yn Yn Yn Yn referring to Jesus as "the Son" in the
source); dative i yondon i yondon i yondon i yondon "to the Son" in VT43:36-
37. Cf. also the suffix - -- -ion ion ion ion, e.g. Finwion Finwion Finwion Finwion "son of
Finw". Vocative yonya * yonya * yonya * yonya *"my son", a contraction
of *yo yo yo yondonya ndonya ndonya ndonya. (The forms v v v v, vondo vondo vondo vondo "son" in LT2
are certainly obsolete, as are the notions there
recorded that yondo yondo yondo yondo meant "(great) grandson"
and that y y y y- -- -, yond yond yond yond- -- - "son" was used only in
poetry. But LT2 does confirm that - -- -ion ion ion ion was "very
common...in patronymics".) SON OF THE DARK
(= Morgoth) morion morion morion morion -YO, VT44:12, 17, VT43:36-
37, MR:217, LR:61, LT2:336, 344, LT1:260 cf.
FS
SONG lind lind lind lind (air, tune, singing), #lr lr lr lr (only
attested in the instrumental case: lrinen lrinen lrinen lrinen, so the
stem-form would seem to be lri lri lri lri-), lirilla lirilla lirilla lirilla (lay). See
also MUSIC. -GLIN, Nam, LT1:258
SOON rato rato rato rato -Arct
SOPE lipsa lipsa lipsa lipsa -LIB
SORROW nyr nyr nyr nyr (grief). Pl. perhaps *nyrer nyrer nyrer nyrer not
*nyri nyri nyri nyri; cf. the similar formation tyv tyv tyv tyv "taste" pl.
tyver tyver tyver tyver. -GL:60
SOUL fa fa fa fa (spirit; pl far far far far is attested. In MR:330,
Tolkien notes that fa fa fa fa is "roughly but not exactly
equivalent to...'soul'.") -MR:349, 218, cf.
Silm:431
SOUND (verb, "to sound") lamya lamya lamya lamya-; SOUND
(noun) lamma lamma lamma lamma (= sound in general?), #hlon #hlon #hlon #hlon (only
pl. hloni hloni hloni hloni is attested; the word is used of the
sounds of a language), r r r rma ma ma ma (= loud sound,
trumpet-sound. Note: rma rma rma rma also means
"shoulder"), lma lma lma lma (according to Etym = "ringing
sound, echo", but see below); SOUND-TASTE
lmatyv lmatyv lmatyv lmatyv (pl. lmatyver lmatyver lmatyver lmatyver is attested), i.e.,
"individual pleasure in the sounds and forms of
words". Tolkien seems undecided about the
exact meaning of lma lma lma lma. Etym gives "ringing
sound, echo"; in WJ:416 it is said that the stem
LAMA refers "especially to vocal sounds, but
was applied only to those that were confused or
inarticulate. It was generally used to describe the
various cries of beasts." But the word lmatyv lmatyv lmatyv lmatyv
"sound-taste", by which an Elf chose or made a
name for him/herself [see NAME-CHOOSING],
seems to imply that lma lma lma lma can also be used of
artuculated speech. -LAM, WJ:394, ROM,
MR:215, 216
SOUP sulpa sulpa sulpa sulpa -LT1:266
SOUTH hyarmen hyarmen hyarmen hyarmen (LT2:248 also gives Sahra Sahra Sahra Sahra,
but this is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later
Quenya); SOUTHERN hyarmenya hyarmenya hyarmenya hyarmenya, "SOUTH-
VICTOR" Hyarmendacil Hyarmendacil Hyarmendacil Hyarmendacil (one of the Kings of
Gondor), SOUTHEASTLANDS Hyarrostar Hyarrostar Hyarrostar Hyarrostar,
SOUTHWESTLANDS Hyarnustar Hyarnustar Hyarnustar Hyarnustar (regions in
Nmenor) -KHYAR/LotR:1157, LotR:1075/1082,
UT:165, 446
SOW #rer rer rer rer- (cited as rerin rerin rerin rerin "I sow", 1st person
aorist), pa.t. rend rend rend rend. SOWN FIELD resta resta resta resta (acre). -
RED, VT46:11 cf. RED
SPARK - make/cause to spark: tinta tinta tinta tinta- -- - (kindle).
SPARK (noun) tinw tinw tinw tinw. -TIN/VT46:19, Silm:438
SPARKLE (vb) tintina tintina tintina tintina- (pl. tintinar tintinar tintinar tintinar is attested),
MAKE TO SPARKLE tinta tinta tinta tinta- -- - (kindle); SPARK
(noun) tinw tinw tinw tinw (often = "star"). In the entry TIN of
the Etymologies as printed in LR, the noun tinw tinw tinw tinw
is glossed "sparkle", but according to VT46:19,
Tolkien's manuscript has "spark". -TIN, Silm:438
SPEAK quet quet quet quet- -- - (pa.t. quent quent quent quent) (say, talk) -LT2:348
SPEAR eht eht eht eht, stem *ehti ehti ehti ehti-. (The gloss of the word
ecco ecco ecco ecco has also been quoted as "spear", but this is
a misreading; see SPINE.) SPEAR-HEAD neht neht neht neht
(gore, wedge, narrow promontory. Note: a
homophone means "honeycomb"), SPEAR-
POINT nasta nasta nasta nasta (gore, triangle), SPEARMAN
ehtyar ehtyar ehtyar ehtyar -EK/EKTE, SNAS cf. VT46:14, UT:282
SPECIES nostal nostal nostal nostal (kind) -LT1:272
SPEED (vb) horta horta horta horta- -- - (urge, send flying),
SPEEDING hortal hortal hortal hortal (urging) -KHOR
SPELLING tencel tencel tencel tencel (writing system) -TEK
SPIDER liant liant liant liant (so in Etym; in LT1:271, liant liant liant liant is
glossed "tendril"); SPIDER FILAMENT lia lia lia lia (Note:
lia lia lia lia- is also the verb "twine"); SPIDER'S WEB
ungw ungw ungw ungw (but in LT1:271, ungw ungw ungw ungw is glossed
"spider") -SLIG, LotR:1157
SPIKE nass nass nass nass (thorn), tinda tinda tinda tinda; ROW OF SPIKES
(or teeth) carcass carcass carcass carcass, carcaras carcaras carcaras carcaras -NAS, LT1:258,
LT2:344
SPINDRIFT wing wing wing wing (wingi wingi wingi wingi-) (crest [of wave],
foam) -LT1:273 cf. WIG
SPINE ecco ecco ecco ecco (In the Etymologies as printed in
LR, entry EK/EKTE, this word and its
"Noldorin"/Sindarin cognate ech are glossed
"spear", but according to VT45:12, this is a
misreading of Tolkien's manuscript.)
SPIRANT CONSONANT surya surya surya surya -SUS
SPIRIT fa fa fa fa (= the spirit or "soul" of an incarnate,
normally housed in a body; pl far far far far is attested),
ala ala ala ala ("being"; pl. elar elar elar elar is attested. Ela Ela Ela Elar r r r are
spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a
physical body, e.g. Balrogs), sl sl sl sl ( ) (earlier
[MET] thl thl thl thl, l l l l) (maybe a more "impersonal"
word for spirit), manu manu manu manu (= departed spirit; LT1:260
has mn mn mn mn), fair fair fair fair (= spirit in general, as opposed

to matter, or a phantom or disembodied spirit,
when seen as a pale shape. Pl. fairi fairi fairi fairi is attested),
viliss viliss viliss viliss (a "Qenya" word maybe not valid in LotR-
style Quenya). A person's "spirit" meaning his or
her general personality and attitude may be
rendered by the word r r r r, in LotR defined as
"heart, inner mind" (q.v.), cf. PM:337, where it is
said that "there dwelt in her [Galadriel] the noble
and generous spirit (r) of the Vanyar". FIELD-
SPIRIT Nermi Nermi Nermi Nermi (pl. Nermir Nermir Nermir Nermir is attested. The Nermir Nermir Nermir Nermir
are "fays of the meads".) HOLY SPIRIT airefa airefa airefa airefa
(other version: fair aista fair aista fair aista fair aista; both versions are
attested with the dative ending -n nn n attached).
SPIRIT-IMPULSE fafelm fafelm fafelm fafelm (impulses originating
with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate). -
MR:349, 218, 165; cf. Silm:431; LotR:1157,
MAN, MC:223, MR:349, GL:23, LT1:260,
VT43:36-37, VT44:17, VT41:19 cf. 13
SPIT (noun? verb? both?) piuta piuta piuta piuta -PIW
SPLIT (noun) sanca sanca sanca sanca ( ) (cleft) -STAK
SPONGE hwan hwan hwan hwan (hwand hwand hwand hwand-, as in pl. hwandi hwandi hwandi hwandi)
(fungus) -SWAD
SPORT tyali tyali tyali tyali (game, play) -TYAL
SPOT men men men men (place - Tolkien may have rejected
this word, see PLACE), SMALL SPOT pica pica pica pica (dot)
-MEN, PIK
SPRAY (of fall or fountain) ross ross ross ross (fine rain,
dew) -Letters:282 cf. ROS
SPREAD palu palu palu palu-, palya palya palya palya- -- - (open wide, extend,
expand) -PAL
SPRING (vb) tuia tuia tuia tuia- -- - (sprout); SPRING (noun; but
for the season, see SPRING-TIME below) ehtel ehtel ehtel ehtel
(fountain, issue of water), SPRING OF WATER
capalinda capalinda capalinda capalinda, WATER FALLING OUT SWIFTLY
FROM A ROCKY SPRING celuss celuss celuss celuss (freshlet);
SPRING, SPRING-TIME tuil tuil tuil tuil (this word literally
means "budding, also collectively - buds, new
shoots, fresh green" [LT1:269]. Also used =
dayspring, early morn. In the Calendar of
Imladris, tuil tuil tuil tuil was a precisely defined period of
exact definition. Besides tuil tuil tuil tuil, LT1:269 also has
tuilir tuilir tuilir tuilir.) FIRST BEGINNING OF SPRING coir coir coir coir
("stirring", according to the Calendar of Imladris
a period of 54 days in early spring); "SPRING-
SINGER" (i.e., swallow) tuilindo tuilindo tuilindo tuilindo -TUY/LotR
1141, 1145, KEL, UT:426, LT1:260, Silm:429,
LT2:338/LT1:269, VT39:7
SPROUT (vb) tuia tuia tuia tuia (spring), *lohta lohta lohta lohta- -- - (emended
from the actual reading lokta lokta lokta lokta because Tolkien
later decided that kt kt kt kt became ht ht ht ht in Quenya) (put
forth leaves or flowers); SPROUT (noun) tuima tuima tuima tuima
(bud) -TUY, LT:258
SQUAT haca haca haca haca- -GL:47
STABBING SWORD (short) ecet ecet ecet ecet (broad-bladed
sword) -UT:284/432
STAFF - LT1:264 has vandl vandl vandl vandl, but the cluster ndl ndl ndl ndl
cannot occur in LotR-style Quenya. Read
*vandil *vandil *vandil *vandil?
STAIN (vb) vahta vahta vahta vahta- -- -, STAIN (noun) mordo mordo mordo mordo
(shadow, obscurity, smear, dimness), vax vax vax vax. -
WA3, MOR/VT45:35
STAND ASIDE! heca! heca! heca! heca! (be gone!). Also with
pronominal affixes: sg hecat hecat hecat hecat, pl hecal hecal hecal hecal "you stand
aside!" -WJ:364
STANDARD tulw tulw tulw tulw (pole) -LT1:270
STAR elen elen elen elen (normal pl eleni eleni eleni eleni, but occasionally
eldi eldi eldi eldi in verse; allative elenna elenna elenna elenna and pl ablative
elenillor elenillor elenillor elenillor are attested), l l l l (pl. li li li li is mentioned),
tinw tinw tinw tinw (properly = sparkle), l l l l. (Note: in Etym
elen elen elen elen is said to be poetic, but Tolkien later
concluded that elen elen elen elen was "the normal word for a
star on the actual firmanent", the poetic word
being l l l l instead. According to MR:388, a tinw tinw tinw tinw
was one of the "apparent stars" on Varda's
simulacrum covering Valinor, also called nill nill nill nill or
"silver glint". Etym mentions the words ellen ellen ellen ellen and
elena elena elena elena without glossing them, but according to
Silm:431 elena elena elena elena is an adjective meaning "of the
stars".) TWINKLING STAR tingilya tingilya tingilya tingilya, tingilind tingilind tingilind tingilind,
HAVING MANY STARS lintitinw lintitinw lintitinw lintitinw; STARLIKE
elva elva elva elva (pl. elvi elvi elvi elvi is attested); STARWARDS
elenna elenna elenna elenna (Elenna Elenna Elenna Elenna or Elennanr Elennanr Elennanr Elennanr, "the land named
Starwards", a name of Nmenor); STARLIGHT
silm silm silm silm (light of Silpion); STARCROWNED,
CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil)
Elerrna Elerrna Elerrna Elerrna (so in Silm:42; Etym has Elerna Elerna Elerna Elerna);
STAR-QUEEN (=Varda), STARLIT DUSK,
STARRY TWILIGHT tindm tindm tindm tindm; FLASHING OR
[?STARRY] LIGHT l l l l See also *STELLAR. The
word Tintni Tintni Tintni Tintni is glossed STARMAKER as
another title of Varda, but it is also interpreted as
an abstract STARMAKING. -EL, Silm:313,
MC:222 cf. 215, TIN, WJ:362, UT:317,
LotR:1157, LT1:269, MC:223, Silm:42, DOMO,
Silm:438, VT45:12, TAN/VT46:17
STATE indo indo indo indo (perhaps especially a state of
mind, since indo is translated "heart, mood" in
the Etymologies, stem ID) -VT39:23
STATUTE namna namna namna namna -MR:258
STEADFAST tulca tulca tulca tulca (firm, strong, immoveable;
establish"), vrima vrima vrima vrima, voronda voronda voronda voronda ("steadfast in
allegiance, in keeping oath or promise, faithful").
-TULUK cf. LT1:270, UT:317
STEADY tulun tulun tulun tulunca ca ca ca (firm) -LT1:270
STEEL er er er er, eren eren eren eren (meaning either iron or steel),
yaisa yaisa yaisa yaisa -LT1:252, GL:37
STEEP aiqua aiqua aiqua aiqua, oronta oronta oronta oronta -AYAK, LT1:256
*STELLAR elenya elenya elenya elenya (no gloss is actually given;
the word is simply defined as "an adjective
referring to stars". There are also the adjectives

elda elda elda elda and elena elena elena elena, translated "of the stars". But in
normal Quenya, elda elda elda elda primarily means "Elf", pl.
Eldar Eldar Eldar Eldar. Use elenya elenya elenya elenya or elena elena elena elena.) -WJ:362, Silm:431
STEM telco telco telco telco (leg) -LotR:1154
STEWARD arandur arandur arandur arandur (king's servant, minister) -
Letters:386, UT:313
STICK TO himya himya himya himya- -- - (cleave to, abide by, adhere),
STICKING himba himba himba himba (adhering) -KHIM, VT45:22
STIFF norna norna norna norna (tough), tarya tarya tarya tarya; STIFF, DRY
GRASS sara sara sara sara ( ) (bent) -WJ:413, TRAG, STAR
STILL (= *"yet, despite that", not in the sense
"unmoving":) er er er er (only, one, alone, but, still) -
LT1:269
STING nasta nasta nasta nasta- -- - (prick) -NAS
STINK yolo yolo yolo yolo- -GL:41
STIRRING coir coir coir coir (according to the Calendar of
Imladris a period of 54 days in early spring)
-LotR:1141, 1142
STONE ondo ondo ondo ondo (defined as stone "as a material"
in Etym, but used of natural rocks in MC:222:
ondoliss morn ondoliss morn ondoliss morn ondoliss morn, *"upon dark rocks". LT1 and
LT2 has simply on on on on, ondo ondo ondo ondo "stone, a stone"), sar sar sar sar
(sard sard sard sard- -- -) (= small stone); OF STONE sarna sarna sarna sarna.
STONE SONG Ondolind Ondolind Ondolind Ondolind (Gondolin). See also
ELFSTONE, FLINTSTONE. -GONOD (see
GOND), Silm:431, LT1:254/LT2:342, SAR,
Silm:415
STOOP nta nta nta nta- -- - (sink, set [of Sun and Moon]) -
LT1:263 cf. ND
STOP hauta hauta hauta hauta- -- - (take a rest, cease), pusta pusta pusta pusta- -- - (put a
stop to, but also intr: cease), #tap tap tap tap- (cited in the
form tap tap tap tap, 3rd person sg. aorist; misreading
"tpe" with a long vowel in the Etymologies as
printed in LR, see VT46:17. The pa.t. tamp tamp tamp tamp is
given) (block), STOP SHORT nuhta nuhta nuhta nuhta- -- - (stunt,
prevent from coming to completion, not allow to
continue). FULL STOP ("in punctuation" -
according to VT46:10, 33 a dot placed under a
consonant to indicate that it is not followed by a
vowel) putta putta putta putta, pusta pusta pusta pusta; STOPPED CONSONANT
(i.e. consonant with such an underposed dot)
punta punta punta punta; STOPPER tampa tampa tampa tampa -KHAW, PUS/VT46:10,
33, TAP/VT46:17, WJ:413
STORM raumo raumo raumo raumo (glossed "[noise of a] storm" in
MC:223)
STORY quenta quenta quenta quenta (narrative, history) -
KWET/VT39:16
STRAIGHT tra tra tra tra (right), lenwa lenwa lenwa lenwa (long, thin,
narrow); STRAIGHT LINE ta ta ta ta (road) (note: not to
be confused with the verb ta ta ta ta- "indicate") -TE3,
TE, LT2:341
STRANGER ettela ettela ettela ettela (reading uncertain; ettel ettel ettel ettela a a a
seems to be primarily an adjective "foreign",
though perhaps it can also be used as a noun
"foreign (one)" = "stranger") -VT45:13
STRAP latta latta latta latta (Note: a homophone means "hole,
pit") -LATH
STRAY ranya ranya ranya ranya- (note: ranya ranya ranya ranya or aranya aranya aranya aranya is also
the adjective "free"), STRAYING (noun) rn rn rn rn
(wandering) (pl. probably *rner *rner *rner *rner not rni rni rni rni; cf. the
similar formation tyv tyv tyv tyv "taste" pl tyver tyver tyver tyver.) -RAN
STREAM (vb) celu celu celu celu- -- - ("streem out swiftly"; there
is also a noun celu celu celu celu "stream"), STREAM (noun)
celum celum celum celum (flow, flowing, flood, tide), celu celu celu celu, sr sr sr sr
(river); STREAM IN THE WIND hlapu hlapu hlapu hlapu- -- - (fly in the
wind; part. hlpula hlpula hlpula hlpula is attested) -UT:446, LT1:265,
MC:223, 222/LT1:257
STRECH lenu lenu lenu lenu- -- -; STRETCH OUT *rahta rahta rahta rahta- -- - (reach)
(Emended from the actual reading rakta rakta rakta rakta; Tolkien
later decided that kt kt kt kt became ht ht ht ht in Quenya) -
LT1:341, 335
STREET mall mall mall mall -MBAL, LT1:263
STRENGTH (physical) tuo tuo tuo tuo -TUG
STRENGTHENING antoryam antoryam antoryam antoryam (used of various
manipulations of a stem, such as lengthening
vowels or consonants or turning a consonant or
a vowel into a "blend" [see BLEND]) -VT:39:9
STRETCHED taina taina taina taina (elongated, lengthened,
extended) -VT39:7 cf. TAY
STRIDER Telcontar Telcontar Telcontar Telcontar -MR:897
STRIPPED #racina racina racina racina (only pl. racin racin racin racin is attested)
(deprived). STRIPPED SIGN #racina tengw racina tengw racina tengw racina tengw
(only pl. racin tengwi racin tengwi racin tengwi racin tengwi is attested). Also
translated "deprived sign", this was in early
Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for a
consonant with no following vowel; the vowel
was held to have disappeared or been omitted. -
VT39:16
STRIPPED BARE helda helda helda helda (naked) -SKEL
STROKE ("of pen of brush [] when not used as
long mark") tecco tecco tecco tecco. Cf. also QUICK STROKE
rinc rinc rinc rinc (stem *rinci rinci rinci rinci-) (flourish) -TEK, RIK/VT46:11
(VT indicating that the proper reading is "quick
stroke", not "quick shake" as in the Etymologies
as printed in LR)
STRONG tulca tulca tulca tulca (firm, immoveable, steadfast.
establish"), STRONG (physically) polda polda polda polda (burley).
In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word
sarn sarn sarn sarn is glossed "strong place" (entry SAR), but
according to VT46:12, the gloss should actually
read "stony place". - -- -TULUK, POL
STUDY (long) nl nl nl nl (wisdom, lore, knowledge).
(In Etym this word is spelt with initial , that is,
accordingly. Nl Nl Nl Nl is so spelt also in Silm:432.
But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n n n n
nmen nmen nmen nmen.) -GOL, Silm:432

STUNT nuhta nuhta nuhta nuhta- (prevent from coming to
completion, stop short, not allow to continue" -
WJ:413
STUNTED nauca nauca nauca nauca -VT39:7
SUBLIME, THE Varda Varda Varda Varda (this word should
probably not be used as a normal adjective. It is
also translated "the Lofty".) -WJ:402
SUCCESSOR neuro neuro neuro neuro (follower) -NDEW
SUFFICE farya farya farya farya- -- - (pa.t. farn farn farn farn; VT46:9 also lists
the curious pa.t. form fariny fariny fariny fariny). (Note: #farn farn farn farn also
means "dwelling" and "foliage"); SUFFICIENCY
fr fr fr fr, farm farm farm farm (plenitude, all that is wanted),
SUFFICIENT fara fara fara fara (enough) -PHAR/VT46:9
SUFFOCATE quoro quoro quoro quoro- -- - (choke) -LT1:264
SUIT camta camta camta camta- (sic; the cluster mt mt mt mt seems unusual
for Quenya, and while the source does not
explicitly say that this word is Quenya, it is
difficult to understand what other language could
be intended) (to [make] fit, accomosate, adapt) -
VT44:14
SUMMER lair lair lair lair (Note: a homophone means
"poem". In the Calendar of Imladris, lair lair lair lair was a
precisely defined period of 72 days, but the word
was also used without any exact definition),
saiwen saiwen saiwen saiwen (cf. saiwa saiwa saiwa saiwa "hot".) "EVER-SUMMER"
oiolair oiolair oiolair oiolair, "SUMMER-SNOW-WHITE" laireloss laireloss laireloss laireloss
(evergreen trees brought to Nmenor by the
Eldar) -LotR:1141, 1145/VT45:26, Letters:282,
LT1:265, UT:167, 458, UT:167, 449
SUMMIT (of a mountain) ingor ingor ingor ingor (PM:340).
LT1:256 gives orm orm orm orm "crest, summit", but in
Tolkien's later Quenya orm orm orm orm means "wrath,
haste, violence, rushing".
SUMMON tulta tulta tulta tulta- -- - (send for, fetch), naham naham naham naham-
(passive participle nahamna nahamna nahamna nahamna "summoned" given),
yal yal yal yal- -- - (dative infinitive #yalien #yalien #yalien #yalien is attested in
enyalien enyalien enyalien enyalien "for the re-calling"). Noun (A)
SUMMONS nahm nahm nahm nahm. -TUL, VT45:21, UT:317
SUN Anar Anar Anar Anar, rin rin rin rin (rind rind rind rind- -- -) (the latter was a "name
of the Sun"; in LT1:271 rin rin rin rin is glossed "blazing
hot", and the word for "Sun" is r r r r ["r r r r"] or ri ri ri ri,
rinci rinci rinci rinci, Urwen Urwen Urwen Urwen.The stem rin rin rin rin is derived from was
struck out in Etym. However, several words that
must be derived from the same stem occur in
LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) Naira Naira Naira Naira
("the heart of flame"), Calavn Calavn Calavn Calavn, C CC Calavent alavent alavent alavent
(other names for the Sun). Yet another term was
Ancal Ancal Ancal Ancal or "Radiant One", but it is unclear
whether or not Tolkien rejected this form (see
LR:362 s.v. KAL). SUNLIGHT r r r r (older [MET]
z z z z); SUNRISE anarr anarr anarr anarr, ambaron ambaron ambaron ambaron/Ambarn Ambarn Ambarn Ambarn
(uprising, Orient) (a similar but untranslated
word, Ambarna Ambarna Ambarna Ambarna, occurs in LotR), rmen rmen rmen rmen
(glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but
the normal meaning of the word is always
"east"). SUNSET andn andn andn andn (west, evening).
(Amunt Amunt Amunt Amunt in LT2 is certainly obsolete in LotR-style
Quenya.) RAY OF THE SUN firin firin firin firin (this may not
be a valid word in LotR-style Quenya; in a later
source, firin firin firin firin is the adjective "dead"). -ANR, UR,
LotR:1157, LotR:254, ORO, AM, LotR:490, NDU,
MR:198, Silm:428, LT2:335, 341
SUP salpa salpa salpa salpa- -- - (so in Etym; "take a sup of" in
LT1:266) (sip, lick up) -SLAP, LT1:266
SUPPORT (noun) tulco tulco tulco tulco (stem *tulcu tulcu tulcu tulcu-; pl.
*tulqui tulqui tulqui tulqui) (prop) -TULUK
SUPPOSE intya intya intya intya- -- -; SUPPOSITION intya intya intya intya (guess,
idea) -INK
SUPREME The Supreme Aratar Aratar Aratar Aratar (pl; sg #Arata Arata Arata Arata).
The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar:
Manw, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aul, Mandos,
Nienna, and Orom. Aratar Aratar Aratar Aratar is also rendered
"High Ones, Exalted Ones" -Silm 32/381,
WJ:402
SURE tanca tanca tanca tanca (firm, fixed) -TAK
SURF solor solor solor solor, soloss soloss soloss soloss (surge). LINE OF SURF
falass falass falass falass (beach, shore) -SOL, LT1:266, Silm:431
SURFACE palr palr palr palr (bosom, bosom of Earth -
Tolkien equated palr palr palr palr with the Old English word
folde), palm palm palm palm -PAL
SURGE (noun) soloss soloss soloss soloss (surf) -LT1:266
SWALLOW tuilindo tuilindo tuilindo tuilindo (lit. "spring-singer"). -
TUY/LIN
2
/LT1:269/LT2:338
SWAN alqua alqua alqua alqua; HAVEN OF THE SWANS
Alqualond Alqualond Alqualond Alqualond -LAK/Silm:427/LT1:249, VT42:7,
LT2:335 (LT1:249 also has alqu alqu alqu alqu), UT:417
SWARD palis palis palis palis (lawn) -LT1:264
SWART varn varn varn varn (stem varni varni varni varni- -- -) (brown, dark
brown) The form varni varni varni varni- -- - is evidently used in
compounds. -BARN
SWEET liss liss liss liss. Other sources use liss liss liss liss as a
noun "sweetness", and liss liss liss liss is also used for the
"grace" of God (specifically Eruliss Eruliss Eruliss Eruliss or *"God-
sweetness"). Another word glossed "sweet" is
melda melda melda melda, but since it is also defined as "beloved"
and "dear", this adjective may describe a "sweet"
person rather than sweet taste. -Nam, RGEO:66,
VT43:29, VT45:34 cf. MEL
SWEET-FACED raina raina raina raina (smiling, gracious).
NOTE: A homophone means "nettled, enlaced".
-VT44:35
SWELL tiuya tiuya tiuya tiuya- -- - (grow fat) -TIW
SWIFT #linta #linta #linta #linta (only pl lint lint lint lint is attested), tyelca tyelca tyelca tyelca
(agile, hasty), larca larca larca larca, alarca alarca alarca alarca (rapid), arauca arauca arauca arauca
(rushing). SWIFT HORSE, see HORSE. -Nam,
KYELEK, LAK
2
, LT2:347
SWIRL hwinya hwinya hwinya hwinya- -- - (eddy, gyrate) -SWIN
SWORD macil macil macil macil; BROAD SWORD lango lango lango lango (also =
prow of a ship), LARGE SWORD falquan falquan falquan falquan;
SHORT STABBING SWORD, BROAD-BLADED
SWORD ecet ecet ecet ecet, SWORD BLADE mai mai mai maica ca ca ca (also
blade of any cutting tool or weapon, but esp.

sword-blade), russ russ russ russ (corruscation),
SWORDSMAN macar macar macar macar.
-MAK/LT1:259/VT39:11/VT45:32, LAG,
LT2:341, UT:284/432, VT39:11, RUS, VT39:11
SWORN BROTHER otorno otorno otorno otorno (associate) -TOR
SYRUP pirya pirya pirya pirya- -- - (juice) -PIS

T

TALE nyr nyr nyr nyr (saga, history), nyarna nyarna nyarna nyarna (saga) -
NAR
2

TALK (verb) quet quet quet quet- -- - (pa.t. quent quent quent quent) (say, speak).
TALK (noun) quetil quetil quetil quetil (language, tongue) -LT2:348,
VT45:25 cf. KWET
TALL halla halla halla halla, tunda tunda tunda tunda (Note: the latter has a
homophone meaning "kindle"), tra tra tra tra (high) -
LotR:1157, TUN, WJ:417
TANGLE fasta fasta fasta fasta- -- - -PHAS
TAP tamin tamin tamin tamin ("I tap", 1st pers. aorist) (pa.t.
tamn tamn tamn tamn) -TAM
TAPER lcuma lcuma lcuma lcuma (candle) -MC:223
TARN moil moil moil moil -LT2:349
TASSEL fas fas fas fas, fats fats fats fats -GL:34
TASTE (vb) #tyav tyav tyav tyav- (cited in source as tyavin tyavin tyavin tyavin "I
taste", 1st pers. aorist); TASTE (noun) tyv tyv tyv tyv (pl.
tyver tyver tyver tyver is attested in the compound lmatyver lmatyver lmatyver lmatyver
"sound-tastes"; see SOUND-TASTE.) -KYAB,
MR:215
TAUT tunga tunga tunga tunga (tight, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG
TEAR nr nr nr nr, ni ni ni ni -NEI, LT1:262
TELEPATHY see THOUGHT
TELL #nyar nyar nyar nyar- (cited as n nn nyarin yarin yarin yarin "I tell", 1st pers.
aorist) (relate); NOT TO BE TOLD OR
RELATED avanyrima avanyrima avanyrima avanyrima -NAR
2
, WJ:370
TEMPLE corda corda corda corda -LT1:257
TEMPTATION #sahti sahti sahti sahti (inducement to do
wrong). Earlier variants, possibly abandoned by
Tolkien: #terfanti #terfanti #terfanti #terfanti, #terpelli terpelli terpelli terpelli, #insangar insangar insangar insangar (all
attested in the allative: sahtienna sahtienna sahtienna sahtienna, terfantienna terfantienna terfantienna terfantienna
etc.) -VT43:23, 22
TEN cainen cainen cainen cainen -KAYAN, KAYAR
TENDRIL liant liant liant liant (but in Etym, this word is
glossed "spider", q.v.) -LT1:271
TERRIBLE rcima rcima rcima rcima, aica aica aica aica (fell, dire, sharp);
VERY TERRIBLE CREATURE rauco rauco rauco rauco -WJ:415,
PM:347, VT39:10
TERRIFY ruhta ruhta ruhta ruhta- -- - -WJ:415
TERROR oss oss oss oss (Oss Oss Oss Oss is also the name of a
Maia held to be responsible for storms at sea.) -
GOS, Silm:33, 34
THANKSGIVING #hantal #hantal #hantal #hantal (isolated from
Eruhantal Eruhantal Eruhantal Eruhantal "thanksgiving to Eru". A verbal stem
#hanta hanta hanta hanta- -- - "thank" can also be isolated.) -UT:436
THAT (1) (demonstrative): tana tana tana tana (in one version
of Quenya also tanya tanya tanya tanya, as in tanya wend tanya wend tanya wend tanya wend "that
maiden", MC:215-16), also yana yana yana yana (the former).
THAT (2) (or IT) as a pronoun was ta ta ta ta in one
version of Quenya, but Tolkien later decided that
ta ta ta ta is rather a plural pronoun, "they/them" with
reference to non-persons (VT43:29).
THAT (3) (relative pronoun): "who, which, that"
as a relative pronoun is i i i i or ya ya ya ya: i Eru i or ily i Eru i or ily i Eru i or ily i Eru i or ily
mahalmar a mahalmar a mahalmar a mahalmar a "the One who is [or, that is] above
all thrones", i carir quettar mainen i carir quettar mainen i carir quettar mainen i carir quettar mainen "those who
[or, those that] form words with voices". A
relative pronoun ya ya ya ya *"which" is found in the
"Arctic" sentence; yassen yassen yassen yassen "in which" in Nam is
evidently this pronoun + a plural locative ending.
-TA, YA, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct
THAT (4) (conjunction, as in "I know that you
are here") ne ne ne ne (PE14:54; this is "Qenya", but no
certain later source is available for this important
word)
THATCH tups tups tups tups -TUP
THE i i i i In Quenya, the definite article is generally
used as in English. However, notice that it is not
used before plural words denoting an entire
people or race, such as Valar Valar Valar Valar, Quendi Quendi Quendi Quendi, Noldor Noldor Noldor Noldor,
Sindar Sindar Sindar Sindar, Eldar Eldar Eldar Eldar, Ainur Ainur Ainur Ainur, Frimar Frimar Frimar Frimar etc. This is evident
from examples like lamb Eldaron lamb Eldaron lamb Eldaron lamb Eldaron "the language
of the Eldar [lit. simply "Eldar"]", Va Va Va Valar valuvar lar valuvar lar valuvar lar valuvar
"the will of the Valar [lit. simply "Valar"] will be
done". Cf. Tolkien's use of "Men" with no article,
meaning the entire human race or humans in
general, while "the Men" would be a group of
individuals. Anar Anar Anar Anar "the Sun" and Isil Isil Isil Isil "the Moon"
are probably treated like proper names in
Quenya; they do not take the article. When a
noun is determined by a following genitive, it is
evidently optional whether it takes the article or
not: mannar Valion mannar Valion mannar Valion mannar Valion "into the hands [lit. simply
"hands"] of the Lords", Indis i Ciryamo Indis i Ciryamo Indis i Ciryamo Indis i Ciryamo "The
Mariner's Wife, *The Wife [lit. simply "Wife"] of

the Mariner" - but contrast I Equessi Rmilo I Equessi Rmilo I Equessi Rmilo I Equessi Rmilo "the
Sayings of Rmil", i arani Eldaron i arani Eldaron i arani Eldaron i arani Eldaron "the Kings of
the Eldar". If the genitive precedes the noun, the
article must probably be left out in all cases, as
in English (*Eldaron arani Eldaron arani Eldaron arani Eldaron arani, ?Eldaron i arani Eldaron i arani Eldaron i arani Eldaron i arani).
Note: i i i i is also the relative pronoun "who, that";
see WHO. -I, WJ:404, 368, FS, UT:8, WJ:398,
369
THEE le le le le (formal, perhaps the object form of
ely ely ely ely "thou", q.v. Le Le Le Le is known as a borrowing in
Sindarin; see the notes on the poem A Elbereth
Gilthoniel in RGEO; also, l l l l in VT43:29
probably means *"with thee"). Another pronoun
translated "thee" is tye tye tye tye (familiar or intimate). -
LotR:61, VT43:29
THEIR - if analogy can be trusted, "their" is the
ending *- -- -nta nta nta nta, e.g. *aldanta aldanta aldanta aldanta "their tree". See
THEY.
THEM te te te te (independent pronoun, according to
VT43:20 used of persons only, the
corresponding pronoun denoting non-persons
being ta ta ta ta); - -- -t t t t (pronominal ending, e.g. laituvalmet laituvalmet laituvalmet laituvalmet,
"WE [-lme lme lme lme-] will praise THEM [-t tt t]") -LotR:989 cf.
Letters:308, VT43:20
THEN san san san san -MC:216
THERE, LOOK! en en en en (yonder) -EN
THEY -nt nt nt nt (pronominal ending): Tiruva Tiruva Tiruva Tiruvante nte nte ntes i s i s i s i
hrar mahalmassen m Nmen hrar mahalmassen m Nmen hrar mahalmassen m Nmen hrar mahalmassen m Nmen "they will keep it
who sit upon thrones in the West". The
independent, emphatic form may be *ent ent ent ent.)
Object "them" (and non-emphatic "they") is the
independent pronoun te te te te, that may also be
expressed by the pronominal ending - -- -t t t t (as in
laita laita laita laita te te te te...laituvalme laituvalme laituvalme laituvalmet tt t, "bless them...we shall bless
[or praise] them"). According to VT43:20, the
pronoun te te te te is used of persons only, "they/them"
with reference to non-persons being ta ta ta ta instead.
The shorter object ending -t tt t may show no such
distinction. The ending -nt nt nt nt refers to persons in
our attested example; whether another ending
would be used for non-persons is not known. For
"they", early material also has the ending - -- -lto lto lto lto as
in tulielto tulielto tulielto tulielto "they have come" (LT1:270), but the
status of this ending in Tolkien's later, LotR-
compatible forms of Quenya is uncertain. -
UT:317, LotR:989 cf Letters:308, VT43:20
THICK tiuc tiuc tiuc tiuca a a a (fat) -TIW
THIGH tiuco tiuco tiuco tiuco -TIW
THIN - long and thin: lenwa lenwa lenwa lenwa (straight, narrow) -
LT2:341
THING nat nat nat nat, engw engw engw engw; THING MADE tanw tanw tanw tanw
(device, construction, craft) -N
2
, VT39:7, TAN
THINGOL Singollo Singollo Singollo Singollo, short for Sindacollo Sindacollo Sindacollo Sindacollo (so in
Silm:421; MR:217 and WJ:410 have Sindicollo Sindicollo Sindicollo Sindicollo,
where the s s s s represents original th th th th, cf. PM:337,
where the spelling indikollo indikollo indikollo indikollo is used [ = th as in
thin]. Hence, these variant forms should be spelt
with in initial sl sl sl sl, not silm silm silm silm, in Tengwar writing).
However, it appears that Thingol was usually
called Elw Elw Elw Elw in Quenya. -MR:385
THIRD #nelya #nelya #nelya #nelya (cf. Nelyar Nelyar Nelyar Nelyar "Thirds", the third clan
among the Elves) -WJ:420
THIRSTY soica soica soica soica, fauca fauca fauca fauca (open-mouthed,
parched) -PHAU, VT39:11
THIS sina sina sina sina (following its noun in our one
attested example: vanda sina vanda sina vanda sina vanda sina, "this oath").
Possibly this sina sina sina sina is an adjectival word always
connecting with a noun, the independent word
for "this" rather being sin sin sin sin, according to one
interpretation of a sentence occurring in PM:401:
Sin Quent Quendingoldo Sin Quent Quendingoldo Sin Quent Quendingoldo Sin Quent Quendingoldo, *This Pengolodh
Said" (not translated by Tolkien). THIS DAY (or,
"today") sra sra sra sra (other variants, possibly rejected by
Tolkien: siar siar siar siar, siar siar siar siar, hyr hyr hyr hyr [archaic hyz hyz hyz hyz]); THIS
HOUR sillum sillum sillum sillum; IN THIS PLACE sinom sinom sinom sinom [variant
snom snom snom snom] -UT:305, VT43:18, VT44:35,
LotR:1003/VT44:36
THITHER tar tar tar tar (this word may mean literally "to
it" and therefore presuppose ta ta ta ta as the word for
"it, that"; if so, tar tar tar tar may have become obsolete
when Tolkien decided that ta ta ta ta was to be a plural
pronoun "they/them" instead; see IT). THITHER
LANDS (as seen from Valinor) Entar Entar Entar Entar, Entarda Entarda Entarda Entarda
(Outer Lands, Middle-earth, East) -TA, EN
THORN nass nass nass nass (spike) -NAS
THORONDOR Sorontar Sorontar Sorontar Sorontar -Silm:438
THOU ely ely ely ely (independent pronoun, used for
emphasis, therefore translated "even thou" in
Nam and RGEO:67. Such independent pronouns
may also be used in copula-less constructions,
e.g. aistana ely aistana ely aistana ely aistana ely "blessed [art] thou", VT43:30). - -- -
ly ly ly ly (pronominal ending; the normal way of
expressing non-emphatic "thou": hiruvaly hiruvaly hiruvaly hiruvaly "thou
shalt find"). This "thou" is formal. Concerning
familiar or intimate "thou", that would often be
translated "you" in English, only the object tye tye tye tye
"thee" [q.v.] and the short suffix - -- -t t t t is attested; the
latter may be used on imperatives, e.g. hecat hecat hecat hecat
"get thee gone!") -Nam/RGEO:67/VT43:30,
WJ:364
THOUGHT sanw sanw sanw sanw; COMMUNICATION OF
THOUGHT, INTERCHANGE OF THOUGHT (=
telepathy) sanw sanw sanw sanw; THOUGHT-OPENING
sanw sanw sanw sanw- -- -latya latya latya latya (direct, telepathic thought-transfer);
THOUGHT-SENDING sanwe sanwe sanwe sanwe- -- -menta menta menta menta (mental
message) -VT39:23, 30, MR:415, VT41:5
THRALL ml ml ml ml -M
THREAD (fine) lia lia lia lia (spider filament. Note: lia lia lia lia- -- - is
also the verb "twine".) -SLIG
THREE neld neld neld neld (obsoleting ol ol ol ol in LT1:258) -NEL
THRESHOLD fenda fenda fenda fenda -PHEN

THROAT lanco lanco lanco lanco (This was changed by Tolkien
from lango lango lango lango, pl. langwi langwi langwi langwi [the latter form is
erroneously marked with an asterisk in the
printed Etymologies, but langwi langwi langwi langwi is transparently
the plural and not an ancestral form, and
Tolkien's own manuscript had no asterisk: see
VT45:26]. The plural form indicates that lango lango lango lango
had the stem-form langu langu langu langu-. If the replacement
form lanco lanco lanco lanco is to behave similarly, it should have
the stem *lancu lancu lancu lancu- and the plural form *lanqui lanqui lanqui lanqui.) -
LAK
1
, LANK
THRONE mahalma mahalma mahalma mahalma (loc. pl. mahalmassen mahalmassen mahalmassen mahalmassen is
attested) -UT:317
THRONG sanga sanga sanga sanga (crowd, press); THRONG-
CLEAVER Sangahyando Sangahyando Sangahyando Sangahyando (personal name, the
"throng" being a closely formed body of enemy
soldiers) -STAG, LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf.
Letters:425
THROUGH ter ter ter ter, ter ter ter ter; "THROUGH-ABIDE" (i.e.,
stand [fast]) #termar termar termar termar- (only fut. termaruva termaruva termaruva termaruva is
attested) -TER, UT:305, 317, VT44:35
THY - -- -lya lya lya lya, *- -- -tya tya tya tya (endings used on nouns, e.g.
*aldalya aldalya aldalya aldalya, *aldatya aldatya aldatya aldatya "thy tree". The ending *- -- -tya tya tya tya is
not attested and is deduced from the pronoun
"thee" [q.v.].) The semantic distinction between - -- -
lya lya lya lya and * ** *- -- -tya tya tya tya is that - -- -lya lya lya lya is formal or polite, while
*- -- -tya tya tya tya is intimate or familiar. Cf. THEE. In UT:51
(cf. 22), - -- -lya lya lya lya is translated "your" instead of "thy",
following modern English usage (tielyanna tielyanna tielyanna tielyanna "upon
your path").
TIE #nut nut nut nut- (cited in source as nutin nutin nutin nutin "I tie", 1st
person aorist) -NUT
TIGHT tunga tunga tunga tunga (taut, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG
TILL an an an an (for, to) -Arct
TILTED talta talta talta talta- -- - (sloping, leaning) -TALT
TIME lm lm lm lm (translated "hour" in LotR:94;
allative lmenna lmenna lmenna lmenna is attested. Note: lm lm lm lm also
means "darkness"); l l l l (= "a time, occasion").
FIXED TIME asar asar asar asar (Vanyarin athar athar athar athar) (festival); pl.
asari asari asari asari is attested. ONCE UPON A TIME yass yass yass yass,
yalmess yalmess yalmess yalmess, yress yress yress yress (Note: the first of these
seems to clash with *yass *yass *yass *yass "in/on which".) -LU,
WJ:399/VT39:31, YA
TIMID caura caura caura caura -LT1:257
TIN latcen latcen latcen latcen; OF TIN latucenda latucenda latucenda latucenda -LT1:268
TINDER tustur tustur tustur tustur -LT1:270
TINFANG Timpando Timpando Timpando Timpando -LT1:268
TINY titta titta titta titta (little) -TIT
TISSUE lann lann lann lann (cloth) -LAN
TITLE see NICKNAME.
TO, TOWARDS ana ana ana ana, na na na na, an an an an (for, till); (prefix:)
ana ana ana ana- -- -. English "to, towards, -wards" will often be
rendered by the allative ending - -- -nna nna nna nna, pl -nnar nnar nnar nnar, as
in Elenna Elenna Elenna Elenna "Starwards" (Elen Elen Elen Elen + [n nn n]na na na na) -N, Plotz
letter, UT:432, Silm:313
TODAY (or, "this day") sra sra sra sra (other variants,
possibly rejected by Tolkien: siar siar siar siar, siar siar siar siar, hyr hyr hyr hyr
[archaic hyz hyz hyz hyz]) -VT43:18
TOGETHER o oo o- -- - (prefix) -W
TOIL mta mta mta mta- -- - (labour) -M
TOKEN tengw tengw tengw tengw (indication, sign, writing - pl
tengwi tengwi tengwi tengwi is attested) -WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK
TOMB #noir #noir #noir #noir (isolated from Noirinan Noirinan Noirinan Noirinan, "Valley of
the Tombs"; unless this compound is meant to
contain a plural form noiri noiri noiri noiri, it would suggest that
#noir noir noir noir has the stem-form noiri noiri noiri noiri-). -UT:166
-TON (reduced form of "town" in names) - -- -ma ma ma mas s s s (-
by) -LT1:251
TONGUE (physical tongue:) lamba lamba lamba lamba, (language:)
lamb lamb lamb lamb, quetil quetil quetil quetil (the latter also = "talk" or
"language"). (In LT2:339, it is said that lamb lamb lamb lamb
covers both "physical tongue" and "speech", but
Tolkien later thought better of that. WJ:394
states that in non-technical use, lamb lamb lamb lamb was the
normal word for "language"; only the
Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta tengwesta
instead.) LOREMASTER OF TONGUES
#Lambengolmo Lambengolmo Lambengolmo Lambengolmo (only pl Lambengolmor Lambengolmor Lambengolmor Lambengolmor is
attested) -LAB/LotR:1157/WJ:394, 396,
KWET/VT45:25
TOO (= excessively, as in "too big") acca acca acca acca -
PE13:108
TOOTH nelet nelet nelet nelet (nelc nelc nelc nelc-), also nelc nelc nelc nelc; carca carca carca carca (fang,
tusk); ROW OF TEETH carcan carcan carcan carcan (LT2 has
carcass carcass carcass carcass, carcaras carcaras carcaras carcaras "row of spikes or teeth".) -
NL-EK/VT46:3, KARAK/LT2:344
TOPMOST PINNACLE see FINISH.
TORMENT (vb) nwaly nwaly nwaly nwalya aa a- -- -. (Though spelt this
way also in Etym, nwalya nwalya nwalya nwalya- -- - must be from older
*ngwalya ngwalya ngwalya ngwalya, for the stem is GWAL GWAL GWAL GWAL. In Tengwar
spelling, the letter nwalm nwalm nwalm nwalm (< older ngwalm ngwalm ngwalm ngwalm)
should be used to transcribe the initial nw nw nw nw of
nwalya nwalya nwalya nwalya.) TORMENT (noun) nwalm nwalm nwalm nwalm (older [MET]
ngwalm ngwalm ngwalm ngwalm), angaitya angaitya angaitya angaitya -LotR:1157 cf. GWAL;
LT1:249
TORTURE ungwal ungwal ungwal ungwal; ("Qenya" also:) malcan malcan malcan malcan,
valcan valcan valcan valcan -GWAL, LT1:250
TOUCH appa appa appa appa- ("to touch" in a literal sense),
#ap ap ap ap- (given as aorist stem ap ap ap ap) figurative "to
touch (one)" = "concern, affect". TOUCHING pa pa pa pa,
p p p p (as regards, concerning) -VT44:26
TOUGH norna norna norna norna (stiff), tarya tarya tarya tarya (stiff) -WJ:413,
TRAG
TOWARDS ana ana ana ana, na na na na, an an an an (for); (prefix:) ana ana ana ana- -- - (to) -
N
TOWER mindon mindon mindon mindon (also translated "Lofty Tower";
allative pl mindonnar mindonnar mindonnar mindonnar or mindoninnar mindoninnar mindoninnar mindoninnar is attested)
(turret), mindo mindo mindo mindo (=isolated tower), tirion tirion tirion tirion (=
watchtower; also defined as "a mighty tower, a
city on a hill), tirin tirin tirin tirin (= tall tower; Note: a
homophone means "I watch") See also TOWN

WITH WALLS AND TOWERS. -
LT2:346/MC:222, MINI, LT1:258, TIR
TOWN osto osto osto osto (= town with wall) (city), opel opel opel opel
(walled village/house), irin irin irin irin; TOWN WITH WALLS
AND TOWERS tirios tirios tirios tirios, TOWNSHIP ostar ostar ostar ostar -OS,
PEL(ES), LT1:258, LT2:343, 336
TRADE (vb) manca manca manca manca- -- -, TRADESMAN macar macar macar macar -
MBAKH
TRAILING sra sra sra sra (long) -LT2:344
TRANSPARENCE liquis liquis liquis liquis, TRANSPARENCY - -- -
the word vrin vrin vrin vrin is defined as "a magic glassy
substance of great lucency used in fashoning the
Moon. Used of things of great and pure
transparency." -LT1:262, LT2:339
TRAVEL lelya lelya lelya lelya- -- - (pa.t. lend lend lend lend) (go, proceed) -
WJ:363
TREASURE harma harma harma harma, harw harw harw harw (both words also
used of a single treasured thing), foa foa foa foa, mr mr mr mr
(jewel, precious thing); TREASURY harw harw harw harw (also
used = treasure). -3AR/LotR:1157, LT2:340, MIR
TREE alda alda alda alda (gen.pl. aldaron aldaron aldaron aldaron is attested), orn orn orn orn (=
high, isolated tree), taul taul taul taul (= great tree). HAVING
TREES, TREE-GROWN aldarwa aldarwa aldarwa aldarwa, TREE-
SHADOWED alda alda alda alda, AVENUE OF TREES
aldon aldon aldon aldon; LORD OF TREES Aldaron Aldaron Aldaron Aldaron (a name of
Orom) -GALAD/Nam/LotR:1147/1157/VT39:7,
OR-NI/LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, LT1:267,
LT1:249, Silm:32, 378
TRESPASS (noun) #car car car car (isolated from
caremmar caremmar caremmar caremmar "our sins/trespasses"; verb car car car car- "to
sin, trespass" (pl. aorist carer carer carer carer, carir carir carir carir attested).
The noun #car car car car was the word used in Tolkien's
final version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer; a draft
version has #rohta rohta rohta rohta (pl. rohtar rohtar rohtar rohtar) = "trespass" or
"debt". Compare TRESPASSERS #rohtali rohtali rohtali rohtali or
#r rr ruhtali uhtali uhtali uhtali (i.e. "trespass-people", incorporating li li li li
"people"?) from the same source. For other
words for "trespasser" or "debtor", see DEBTOR.
-VT43:19, 21
TRESS find find find find (lock of hair) (probably obsoleting
findil findil findil findil in LT2) -SPIN, LT2:341
TRIANGLE neltil neltil neltil neltil (pl neltildi neltildi neltildi neltildi), nasta nasta nasta nasta (spear-
head/spear-point, gore) -TIL, SNAS, VT46:14
TRIBE hostar hostar hostar hostar -LT2:340
TRICK (noun) rinca rinca rinca rinca (twitch, jerk, sudden move)
-VT46:11 cf. RIK(H)
TRINITY Neldi Neldi Neldi Neldi -VT44:17
TRIUMPH - CRY OF TRIUMPH yello yello yello yello (call,
shout) -GYEL, VT45:16
TROOP hoss hoss hoss hoss (army, band) -LT2:340
TROTH vr vr vr vr (bond, compact, oath) (Pl.
probably *vrer vrer vrer vrer not *vri *vri *vri *vri; cf. the similar formation
tyv tyv tyv tyv "taste", pl tyver tyver tyver tyver.) -WED
TRUE anwa anwa anwa anwa (real, actual), sanda sanda sanda sanda (firm, abiding).
For "true" = "faithful", see FAITHFUL. -ANA,
STAN
TRUMP hyla hyla hyla hyla - -- -SD:419
TRUMPET romba romba romba romba (horn), tumb tumb tumb tumb; TRUMPET-
SOUND rma rma rma rma (loud sound) (Note: rma rma rma rma means
"shoulder" in one of Tolkien's early "Qenya"
lexicons.) -WJ:400/ROM, LT1:269
TRUST estel estel estel estel (hope) -MR:320
T-SERIES tincotma tincotma tincotma tincotma (dental series) -LotR:1154
TUBE rta rta rta rta -LT2:347
TN (Old English) see FENCED FIELD -
PEL(ES)
TUNE lind lind lind lind (air, song, singing); HARPING ON
ONE TUNE vorongandel vorongandel vorongandel vorongandel ("vorogandele" in the
published Etymologies is a misreading; see
VT45:7) (continuous repetition) -LIN
2

TUNNEL rotto rotto rotto rotto (cave, small grot) -PM:365,
VT46:12
TURGON Turucno Turucno Turucno Turucno (so in PM:345, obsoleting
Turondo Turondo Turondo Turondo in LT1:115)
TURRET mindon mindon mindon mindon (tower) -LT1:260
TUSK carca carca carca carca (tooth, fang) -Silm:429, LT2:344
TWANG ting ting ting ting, tango tango tango tango. LT1:256 has quingi quingi quingi quingi- -- -
"twang, of strings, harp". In Etym, there is also
the unglossed verb tanga tanga tanga tanga- = *"make a
twang"??? -TING, TANG
TWELVE yunqu yunqu yunqu yunqu ("q"), also (or in another
conceptual phase?) #rasta #rasta #rasta #rasta (only the stem
RSAT is given in the Etymologies, but cf.
yurasta yurasta yurasta yurasta "24", i.e. 2 x 12, in PE14:17). TWELVE
HOURS ("day" when not meaning 24 hours) arya arya arya arya
(day) -PE14:82, RSAT, AR
1

TWENTY-FOUR yurasta yurasta yurasta yurasta -PE14:17
TWI- (prefix) y y y y-, yu yu yu yu- (both) -VT45:13, VT46:23
TWILIGHT tindm tindm tindm tindm (usually of the time near
dawn, glossed "starry twilight" in Silm:438),
undm undm undm undm (= evening twilight), ycal ycal ycal ycal, yual yual yual yual, lm lm lm lm
(stem lmi lmi lmi lmi-) (night, dusk, gloom, darkness. Cf.
Lmion Lmion Lmion Lmion "Child of the Twilight".) -LotR 1145, KAL,
LT1:255, Silm:160
TWIN onna onna onna onna (also = adj "twinborn", the primary
meaning of the word), pl. noni noni noni noni (surprisingly, a
dual form is not used) -WJ:367
TWINE lia lia lia lia- -- - (Note: lia lia lia lia is also a noun meaning
"fine thread, spider's filament) -LT1:271
TWINKLE #tintila tintila tintila tintila- -- - (only pl tintilar tintilar tintilar tintilar is attested) -
Nam, RGEO:67
TWINKLING STAR tingilya tingilya tingilya tingilya, tingilind tingilind tingilind tingilind -TIN
TWIST #ric ric ric ric- (only the perfect ir ir ir irci ci ci ci "has twisted"
is attested) (VT39:9)
TWISTED nauca nauca nauca nauca (hard, ill-shapen, *small - see
SMALL.) -WJ:413
TWITCH (verb:) rihta rihta rihta rihta- -- - (jerk, give quick twist or
move), (noun:) rinca rinca rinca rinca (jerk, trick, sudden move) -
RIK(H), VT46:11 cf. RIK(H)
TWO atta atta atta atta -AT(AT)/Letters:427



U

UDN Utumno Utumno Utumno Utumno (stem *Utumnu Utumnu Utumnu Utumnu-) -Silm:438
UGH horro horro horro horro, orro orro orro orro (alas! ow!) ("exclamation of
horror, pain, disgust") -VT45:17
UGLY vanima vanima vanima vanima (not fair). See also WITHOUT
BEAUTY.-VT39:14
ULTIMATE mtima mtima mtima mtima (final, last) -MC:222 cf. 215
UN- (prefix denying presence or possession of
thing or quality) - -- - (no-, not, un-, in-) (according
to LR:396 s.v. UGU, this prefix usually has a
"bad sense", cf. vanimor vanimor vanimor vanimor "fair folk" vs. vanimor vanimor vanimor vanimor
"monsters"), il il il il- -- - (denoting "the opposite, the
reversal, i.e., more than the mere negation"),
also pretonic prefix la la la la- "un-, not-". -VT39:14,
UGU, UMU, LT1:255, VT45:25
*UNCOUNTABLE ntima ntima ntima ntima (pl. ntim ntim ntim ntim is
attested). Translated "numberless"; the
interlinear translation in RGEO:66 has "not-
count-able", while VT39:14 offers the translation
"countless". -Nam
UNCOUNTED unot unot unot unot, unota unota unota unota (read *not not not not,
*nota nota nota nota?) (not counted) -VT39:14
UNDER undu undu undu undu, nu nu nu nu (so in Nam; Etym has no no no no);
UNDERNEATH nn nn nn nn (down below) -UNU, N
UNDERSTAND hanya hanya hanya hanya- (know about, be skilled
in dealing with); UNDERSTANDING (noun)
hand hand hand hand (knowledge); UNDERSTANDING
(adjectival) handa handa handa handa (intelligent) -KHAN
UNFURL panta panta panta panta- (spread out, open) -PAT
UNIVERSE ilu ilu ilu ilu, ilv ilv ilv ilv (the whole, the all,
Allness). The term ilu ilu ilu ilu used of the universe
includes God and all souls and spirits, that are
not properly included in the term E E E E. -ILU (see
IL), VT39:20
UNWILL avanir avanir avanir avanir (VT39:23)
UNPRONOUNCEABLE qutima qutima qutima qutima (impossible
to say/put into words, unspeakable) -WJ:370
UNSPEAKABLE qutima qutima qutima qutima (impossible to
say/put into words, unpronounceable) -WJ:370
UNTIL, UNTO tenna tenna tenna tenna (also in shortened form
tenn tenn tenn tenn' before a word in a aa a-) -LotR:1003, VT44:35-
36
UNWISE alasaila alasaila alasaila alasaila -VT41:13, 18
UP, UPWARDS amba amba amba amba, ama ama ama ama (prefix:) am am am am- -- -. (The
form amu amu amu amu in LT2:335 is prob. obsolete.)
UPWARD SLOPE amban amban amban amban; UPHILL (adj)
ambapenda ambapenda ambapenda ambapenda, am am am ampenda penda penda penda - AM
2
, UNU
UPON - this English preposition may be
rendered by the allative case, endings - -- -nna nna nna nna pl. - -- -
nnar nnar nnar nnar, dual - -- -nta nta nta nta. Cf. falmalinnar falmalinnar falmalinnar falmalinnar "upon foaming
waves", tielyanna tielyanna tielyanna tielyanna "upon your path". -Nam, UT:22
cf. 51
UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyar fanyar fanyar fanyar (skies) -
MC:223
UPRISING ambaron ambaron ambaron ambaron, Ambarn Ambarn Ambarn Ambarn (sunrise,
Orient) (a similar but untranslated word,
Ambarna Ambarna Ambarna Ambarna, occurs in LotR:490). Rmen Rmen Rmen Rmen is
glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in Silm:437, but
the normal meaning of the word is always "east".
Cf. also: "UPRISING-FLOWER" *amba amba amba ambalots lots lots lots
("referring to the flower or floreate device used
as a crest fixed to [the] point of a tall [illegible
word, possibly 'archaic'] helmet", "pointed helm-
crest". Tolkien asterisked the word because it
was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of
the name Amloth Amloth Amloth Amloth) -AM
2
, LotR:490, WJ:318
URANUS Luinil Luinil Luinil Luinil (or less probably Nnar Nnar Nnar Nnar; it is
not known for certain which of the two is Uranus
and which is Neptune) -Basic Quenya:24, cf.
Silm:55
URGE horta horta horta horta- (speed, send flying); URGING
(noun, not adjectival participle) hortal hortal hortal hortal
(speeding), URGENCY horm horm horm horm -KHOR
US me me me me (attested with a dual ending: met met met met "us
two" in an exclusive sense, "he/she and me",
evidently connecting with the ending -mm mm mm mm, see
WE). It is uncertain what inclusive "us" (i.e. "you
and me") might be. Evidently me me me me is the same as
subject and object, so that it could also be
translated "we" as a short independent pronoun,
and it can also receive case endings, e.g.
locative mess mess mess mess "on us", allative mello mello mello mello "from us",
dative men men men men "for us". The forms atarm atarm atarm atarm, me me me meterm term term term
"for us" also seem to include me me me me, but these forms
were evidently ephemeral ("for us" is better
rendered as men men men men, itself an attested form). -
Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:15, 19, VT44:18
USEFUL mra mra mra mra (fit, good) -MA3


V

VAGUE nca nca nca nca (faint, dim to see) -MC:223
VALE (dark) tumb tumb tumb tumb (deep valley); DEEP VALE
imb imb imb imb (dale) (Note: imb imb imb imb is also the preposition
"between") -LT:269, VT45:18
*VALIAN valarinwa valarinwa valarinwa valarinwa, attested in Lamb Lamb Lamb Lamb
Valarinwa Valarinwa Valarinwa Valarinwa "the language of the Valar, *Valian
Language". Cf. also valaina valaina valaina valaina "of the Valar,
belonging to the Valar" (divine) -WJ:395, BAL
VALLEY nan nan nan nan (nand nand nand nand- -- -), tumbo tumbo tumbo tumbo (stem *tumbu tumbu tumbu tumbu-)
(deep valley under/among hills, dark vale; so in
Etym, Silm:438 and LT1:269. Letters:308 gives
tumba tumba tumba tumba "deep valley".) VALLEY (adj.) nalda nalda nalda nalda;
"VALLEY OF SINGING GOLD" Laurelindo Laurelindo Laurelindo Laurelindorinan rinan rinan rinan
(Lrien). -TUB, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308,
LT1:261, UT:449
VALOUR cn cn cn cn -KAN
VANISHED vanwa vanwa vanwa vanwa (gone, departed, dead, lost,
past and over) -WAN, Nam, WJ:366
VAST - LT2 gives aica aica aica aica "broad, vast", but aica aica aica aica is
said to mean "sharp" in later writings. -LT2:338
VEIL (vb) halya halya halya halya- -- - (conceal, screen from light),
fanta fanta fanta fanta- (to cloak, mantle). "VEILS, RAYMENT"
fana fana fana fana (pl fanar fanar fanar fanar is attested. This word was used of
the visible bodies in which the Valar presented
themselves to incarnates.) VEILED halda halda halda halda
(hidden, shadowed, shady) -SKAL, VT43:22,
RGEO:74
VENUS Erendil Erendil Erendil Erendil (Basic Quenya:24, cf.
Silm:55), Tancol Tancol Tancol Tancol ("Signifer", "the significant star"
- MR:385)
VERDIGRIS lairus lairus lairus lairus (lairust lairust lairust lairust-) -VT41:10
VESSEL ven ven ven ven (small boat, dish) -LT1:254
VESTMENT colla colla colla colla (cloak) -MR:385
VICTORY tr tr tr tr (mastery), apair apair apair apair -TUR, GL:17
VIGIL tiris tiris tiris tiris (watch) -LT1:258
VIGOUR tuo tuo tuo tuo (muscle, sinew, strength), vi vi vi vi
(manhood), vass vass vass vass, laito/laisi laito/laisi laito/laisi laito/laisi (new life, youth);
VIGOROUS va va va va (adult, manly); SET
VIGOROUSLY OUT TO DO horya horya horya horya- (be
compelled to do, have an impulse) -TUG,
LT1:267, WEG, VT45:22
VILLAGE masto masto masto masto, (walled village:) opel opel opel opel (town) -
LT1:251, PEL(ES)
VINE liantass liantass liantass liantass -LT1:271
VIOLENCE orm orm orm orm (rushing, wrath, haste);
VIOLENT naraca naraca naraca naraca (harsh, rending) (possibly "of
sounds", but Tolkien's extra comment is partially
illegible) -GOR, KHOR, NRAK, VT45:37
VIOLET helin helin helin helin, Helinyetill Helinyetill Helinyetill Helinyetill ("Eyes of
heartsease") (pansy) -LT1:262
VIRGIN, see MAID, MAIDEN
*VIRGINAL (or, *MAIDENLY) *vna vna vna vna (only
attested in elided form vn' vn' vn' vn') -VT44:10
VIRGINITY vn vn vn vn (with the alternative, older
[MET] form wn wn wn wn), veness veness veness veness -WEN
VOCALIC EXTENSION mataina mataina mataina mataina (i.e., the
addition to the base of a final vowel identical to
the base vowel [sundma]) -WJ:417
VOICE ma ma ma ma (pl instrumental mainen mainen mainen mainen "with
voices" is attested. In some words, ma ma ma ma is
translated "vowel", q.v.) VOICELESS malra malra malra malra -
OM, WJ:391, VT39:16 (the latter source defines
ma ma ma ma as "voice, resonance of the vocal chords"),
VT45:28
VOID lusta lusta lusta lusta (empty), cma cma cma cma (the Void) -LUS,
KUM
VOWEL #ma ma ma ma (only pl. mar mar mar mar attested), also
#ma ma ma ma- -- -tengw tengw tengw tengw, #mat mat mat matengw engw engw engw (this term refers to
vowels considered as independent phonemes,
according to Fanor's new insights on
phonemics; only pl. matengwi matengwi matengwi matengwi is attested),
man man man man (pl. "amandi" in LR:379 is a misreading for
omandi omandi omandi omandi, VT46:7; this term from the Etymologies
may in any case be obsoleted by the above-
mentioned forms), #lehta tengw lehta tengw lehta tengw lehta tengw (lit.
"free/relased element"; only pl. lehta tengwi lehta tengwi lehta tengwi lehta tengwi is
attested; we would rather expect *leht tengwi leht tengwi leht tengwi leht tengwi).
(Note: In some compounds, ma ma ma ma seems to mean
"vowel" instead of "voice": VOWEL SIGN
#m m m matehta atehta atehta atehta (only pl matehtar matehtar matehtar matehtar is attested),
DETERMINANT VOWEL sundma sundma sundma sundma, VOCALIC
EXTENSION mataina mataina mataina mataina (q.v. for definition). Yet
another term for "vowel", #penna penna penna penna pl. pennar pennar pennar pennar, is
given in VT39:16, but this is taken from a draft
and not included in the final text Tolkien wrote. -
The term #muss tengw muss tengw muss tengw muss tengw "soft element" (only
attested in the pl.: muss tengwi muss tengwi muss tengwi muss tengwi) covers vowels,
semi-vowels (y, w) and continuants (l, r, m, n). -
VT39:8/16, OM, WJ:396, 319, 417, VT39:17


W

WAIF hecil hecil hecil hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo hecilo hecilo hecilo m.
and hecil hecil hecil hecil f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends,
outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365
WAILING (noun) yaim yaim yaim yaim; WAILING (adj) yaima yaima yaima yaima
-MC:223
WAIN lunca lunca lunca lunca (VT43:19); as for the constellation
(aka the Great Bear), see SICKLE OF THE
VALAR
WAKENING (adj) cuiva cuiva cuiva cuiva (awakening) -KUY
WALK (vb) vanta vanta vanta vanta- -- -; WALK (noun) vanta vanta vanta vanta -BAT
WALL ramba ramba ramba ramba; WALL AND MOAT ossa ossa ossa ossa; TOWN
WITH WALLS AND TOWERS tirios tirios tirios tirios -
RAMB/Silm:436, LT1:258, LT2:336
*WANDER ranya ranya ranya ranya- -- - (only glossed stray under
RAN, but cf. Silm:436: "ran- 'wander, stray'" and
the following word:) WANDERING (noun) rn rn rn rn
(straying) (pl. probably *rner *rner *rner *rner not rni rni rni rni; cf. the
similar formation tyv tyv tyv tyv "taste" pl tyver tyver tyver tyver.)
WANDERER Rna Rna Rna Rna (a name of the Moon), #ran #ran #ran #ran
(isolated from Palarran Palarran Palarran Palarran "far-wanderer", the name
of a ship) -RAN, Silm:436, UT:460, 461
WANT #mer mer mer mer- (cited in the form mer mer mer mer, evidently
the 3rd person aorist; pa.t. given as mern mern mern mern)
(wish, desire) -MER
WAR ohta ohta ohta ohta -OKT, KOT
WARM lauca lauca lauca lauca -LAW
WARRIOR ohtatyaro ohtatyaro ohtatyaro ohtatyaro, ohtar ohtar ohtar ohtar, #mehtar #mehtar #mehtar #mehtar (isolated
from Telumehtar Telumehtar Telumehtar Telumehtar "Orion, warrior of the sky", a
word occurring in LotR. Etym gives mahtar mahtar mahtar mahtar
"warrior" under MAK, but Telumehtar Telumehtar Telumehtar Telumehtar not
**Telumahtar **Telumahtar **Telumahtar **Telumahtar under TEL). LT1:268 also has
mordo mordo mordo mordo "warrior, hero", but in Tolkien's later
Quenya mordo mordo mordo mordo means "obscurity, shadow, stain,
smear, dimness". -KYAR (see KAR), UT:458,
LotR:1146, MAK, TEL
WARWICKSHIRE Alalminr Alalminr Alalminr Alalminr (Land of Elms) -
LT1:249
WATCH (vb) #tir tir tir tir- (cited in source as tirin tirin tirin tirin "I
watch", 1st pers. aorist), pa.t. tirn tirn tirn tirn; fut. tiruva tiruva tiruva tiruva is
attested (heed), WATCH-TOWER tirion tirion tirion tirion; WATCH
(noun) (vigil) -TIR, MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:258,
LT1:268
WATER nn nn nn nn (nen nen nen nen-) (LT1:262 also has linqu linqu linqu linqu);
WATER-FALL - LT1:249 gives axa axa axa axa, but this is
probably obsoleted by axa axa axa axa "narrow path" in
Etym; WATERY *nenda nenda nenda nenda (wet - in the
Etymologies as printed in LR, nenda nenda nenda nenda seemed to
be a Quenya word, but according to VT46:3 it
actually appears as a primitive form nend in
Tolkien's manuscript; the Quenya form would still
be *nenda nenda nenda nenda, but it is unattested). WATER-MEAD,
WATERED PLAIN nanda nanda nanda nanda; WATER-LOVERS
Nendili Nendili Nendili Nendili (used of the Lindar), WATER-VESSEL
calpa calpa calpa calpa; DRAW WATER calpa calpa calpa calpa- -- - (scoop out, bale
out); ISSUE OF WATER ehtel ehtel ehtel ehtel (fountain, spring,
also cehtel cehtel cehtel cehtel, see FOUNTAIN), WATER
FALLING OUT SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY
SPRING celuss celuss celuss celuss (freshlet), YELLOW WATER-
LILY nnu nnu nnu nnu -NEN, WJ:410, NAD, KALPA, KEL,
UT:426, LT1:248
WAVE (crested), WAVE-CREST falma falma falma falma
(partitive plural allative falmalinnar falmalinnar falmalinnar falmalinnar is attested.
LT1:266 has solm solm solm solm instead of falma falma falma falma.) -PHAL,
VT42:15, Nam/RGEO:67
WAX lco lco lco lco (evidently with stem *lcu lcu lcu lcu-), neit neit neit neit -
MC:223, GL:60
WAY ti ti ti ti (path, course, line, direction, road),
#vanda vanda vanda vanda (isolated form Qualvanda Qualvanda Qualvanda Qualvanda "Road of
same page) -TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264
WE (see also US) - Quenya has several
endings for "we". A distinction is made between
inclusive "we", including the person(s)
addressed, and exclusive "we", a "we" that does
not include the person(s) addressed. There is
also a distinction between singular and dual
forms, the dual forms referring to a "we" of two
persons (the speaker and one other person),
while the plural forms refer to a "we" of at least
three people. Relevant pronominal endings are -
lm lm lm lm, -lv lv lv lv/*-lw lw lw lw, -ngw ngw ngw ngw and -mm mm mm mm. However,
Tolkien repeatedly revised the precise
application of these endings. In one conceptual
phase, -mm mm mm mm was pl. exclusive "we", as in
vamm vamm vamm vamm "we won't" (WJ:371), whereas -lm lm lm lm was
pl. inclusive "we". In the mid-sixties, when the
revised edition of LotR appeared, Tolkien had
apparently changed the system so that -lm lm lm lm had
become exclusive "we" (rather than inclusive as
before), and now *-lv lv lv lv (and/or -lw lw lw lw, VT42:34)
was the ending for pl. inclusive "we". The ending
-mm mm mm mm Tolkien now assigned a "dual" meaning
(VT43:6), but it is unclear whether this is meant
to be a dual inclusive "we" (i.e. "thou and I") or
dual exclusive "we" (i.e. "I and one other
person"), or indeed whether the

inclusive/exclusive distinction is upheld in the
dual pronouns. The ending -ngw ngw ngw ngw denoted pl.
inclusive "we" at one stage (VT43:36), but this
apparently became -lm lm lm lm later. If -mm mm mm mm is dual
exclusive "we", -ngw ngw ngw ngw may conceivably have
been re-assigned the meaning of dual inclusive
"we". The emphatic, independent forms of these
pronouns would be *elm elm elm elm, *elv *elv *elv *elv, emm emm emm emm, *engw engw engw engw
(emm emm emm emm occurs in Tolkien's translation of the Hail
Mary, VT43:20, but there reflecting the older
meaning of -mm mm mm mm: pl. exclusive "we", not a dual
form like it later became). As for the shorter, non-
emphatic forms, me me me me is apparently plural
exclusive and met met met met dual exclusive "we" (see US
for reference); some extrapolate *ve ve ve ve (pl.) and
*vet vet vet vet (dual) as the corresponding inclusive forms.
-WJ:371, LotR:989, 94, cf. Letters:447, VT42:36,
VT43:34
WEAK milya milya milya milya (soft, gentle) (Note: milya milya milya milya- is also
a verb "long for".) -VT45:34
WEAL, WEALTH alma alma alma alma (good fortune), ausi ausi ausi ausi,
aut aut aut aut (prosperity, also adj: rich) WEALTHY
herenya herenya herenya herenya (blessed, fortuneate, rich) -GALA,
LT2:336, KHER
WEAR see BEAR. WEAR (OUT) yerya yerya yerya yerya- -- - (get
old) (Note: yerya yerya yerya yerya is also the adjective "old,
worn") -GYER
WEARY lumba lumba lumba lumba -VT45:29
WEATHER - dark weather: lr lr lr lr -LT1:259
WEAVE lanya lanya lanya lanya- -- -; EVER-WEAVING Vair Vair Vair Vair (name
of a Vali) -LAN, VT39:10
WEB nats nats nats nats (net); SPIDER'S WEB ungw ungw ungw ungw -NAT,
LotR:1157
WED vesta vesta vesta vesta-; WEDDING vestal vestal vestal vestal -BES, WED
WEDGE neht neht neht neht (spearhead, gore, narrow
promontory. Note: a homophone means
"honeycomb".) -UT:282
WEEK lemnar lemnar lemnar lemnar (from a root meaning "five",
since the Valian week had five days), enqui enqui enqui enqui
(from a root meaning "six", since the Eldarin
week had six days), otsola otsola otsola otsola (evidently meaning a
seven-day week like our own, as otso otso otso otso = "seven")
-LEP, LotR:1141 cf. NEK, GL:62
WEEPING nyny nyny nyny nyny -LT1:262
WEFT lanat lanat lanat lanat, wist wist wist wist -LAN , LT1:254
WENT lend lend lend lend (departed) (past tense of lelya lelya lelya lelya- -- -
/lenna lenna lenna lenna- -- - "go") LT1:264 gives v v v v, but this is
probably not a valid word in LotR-style Quenya. -
LED cf. VT45:27, WJ:363
WEREWOLF nauro nauro nauro nauro (In Etym, this word is spelt
with initial , that is, ng ng ng ng. Initial ng ng ng ng had become n n n n
in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of
LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this
word is written in Tengwar, the initial n n n n should be
transcribed with the letter noldo noldo noldo noldo, not nmen nmen nmen nmen.) -
NGAW
WEST nmen nmen nmen nmen (so in Etym and LotR; Nmen Nmen Nmen Nmen is
capitalized in UT:305. According to VT45:38 the
form nme nme nme nme- also occurs in Tolkien's Etym
manuscript, and nm nm nm nm is attested in LT1:263 as
well), andn andn andn andn (sunset, evening); WESTERN
nmenya nmenya nmenya nmenya; IN THE WEST nma nma nma nma; WESTLAND
see WESTERNESSE; WESTLANDS Andustar Andustar Andustar Andustar
(a region in Nmenor) "WEST-WINGS" (the
name of a ship) Nmerrmar Nmerrmar Nmerrmar Nmerrmar -LotR:1157/ND,
Nam, UT:305, Silm:428, LT1:263, UT:165, 419,
UT:175, 458
WESTERNESSE, WESTLAND Nmenor Nmenor Nmenor Nmenor (full
form Nmenr Nmenr Nmenr Nmenr) -Silm:313, 414
WET mixa mixa mixa mixa, linqu linqu linqu linqu (obsoleting liquin liquin liquin liquin in
LT1:262), *nenda nenda nenda nenda (watery - in the Etymologies as
printed in LR, nenda nenda nenda nenda seemed to be a Quenya
word, but according to VT46:3 it actually appears
as a primitive form nend in Tolkien's
manuscript; the Quenya form would still be
*nenda nenda nenda nenda, but it is unattested.) -MISK, NEN,
LINKWI
WHAT, evidently mana mana mana mana as in mana i coimas mana i coimas mana i coimas mana i coimas
Eldaron Eldaron Eldaron Eldaron[? ?? ?] "what is the coimas [lembas] of the
Eldar?" (PM:396). See also WHO. Where "what"
means "that which", it may be translated by a
relative pronoun, as in l carita l carita l carita l carita i ii i hamil mra hamil mra hamil mra hamil mra "not
to do what you judge good" (VT42:33)
WHEREIN yassen yassen yassen yassen (refering back to a pl word;
sg #yass yass yass yass). See WHICH. -Nam, RGEO:66, 67
WHICH ya ya ya ya (known from the Arctic sentece and
attested with a plural locative ending in Nam:
yassen yassen yassen yassen "which-in, wherein". See WHO
concerning relative pronouns.) -Nam, RGEO:66
WHINING miul miul miul miul (mewing) -MIW
WHIRLPOOL hwind hwind hwind hwind -SWIN
WHISPER (vb) lussa lussa lussa lussa-; WHISPERING SOUND
luss luss luss luss -SLUS (and because this is the basic root
here, and Tolkien elsewhere indicated that older
initial sl sl sl sl- produces Quenya hl hl hl hl-, it may be that
these words should properly be cited as *hlussa hlussa hlussa hlussa-
, *hluss hluss hluss hluss.)
WHICH (relative pronoun) ya ya ya ya, y y y y; this relative
pronoun may receive case endings, e.g. yassen yassen yassen yassen
"in which, wherein" (pl.) in Namri. -VT43:34
WHITE ninqu ninqu ninqu ninqu (stem *ninqui ninqui ninqui ninqui-) (chill, pallid),
fna fna fna fna/fn fn fn fn (associated with the whiteness of
clouds, fanyar fanyar fanyar fanyar), loss loss loss loss (snow-white). -NIK-W-
/GL:60/Silm:435 cf. WJ:417, SPAN/VT46:15,
RGEO:69, MC:221-223
WHO man man man man (so in Nam and MC:222; MC:221
one place has men men men men, but that is evidently an error,
for man man man man occurs in the same text. In FS and
LR:59/63, man man man man is translated "what". Either
Tolkien later adjusted the meaning of the word,
or man man man man covers the meaning of both "who" and
"what", but mana mana mana mana is seemingly attested in

PM:396 as a distinct word for "what".) Note: this
"who" is used only in questions. The relative
pronoun "who, which, that" is i i i i or ya ya ya ya: i Eru i or i Eru i or i Eru i or i Eru i or
ily mahalmar a ily mahalmar a ily mahalmar a ily mahalmar a "the One who is above all
thrones", i carir quettar mainen i carir quettar mainen i carir quettar mainen i carir quettar mainen "(those) who
form words with voices". A pronoun ya ya ya ya *"which"
is found in the "Arctic" sentence; yassen yassen yassen yassen "in
which" in Nam is evidently this pronoun + a
plural locative ending. From our very few
examples it may seem that i i i i is used when the
relative pronoun is the subject of the relative
clause, while ya ya ya ya is used when it is its object: *i *i *i *i
Orco i tirn Findarto Orco i tirn Findarto Orco i tirn Findarto Orco i tirn Findarto "the Orc that watched
Finrod", *i Orco ya Findarto tirn i Orco ya Findarto tirn i Orco ya Findarto tirn i Orco ya Findarto tirn "the Orc that
Finrod watched". By another interpretation, i ii i as a
relative pronoun is used with reference to
animates or sentients (English "who"), while ya ya ya ya is
used with reference to things or abstracts
(English "which"). Whatever the case, ya ya ya ya
presumably becomes *yar *yar *yar *yar in the pl [*i nati yar i nati yar i nati yar i nati yar...
"the things that..."], while i i i i is indeclinable. -
Nam/MC:222, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct
WHOEVER aiquen aiquen aiquen aiquen (if anybody) -WJ:372
WHOLE ilya ilya ilya ilya (all), THE WHOLE ilv ilv ilv ilv (the All,
Allness, universe) -IL, Silm:433
WHOLLY aqua aqua aqua aqua (fully, completely, altogether) -
WJ:392
WICKED olca olca olca olca (bad). Compare ulca ulca ulca ulca "evil", q.v. -
VT43:23-24
WIDE palla palla palla palla, landa landa landa landa; FAR AND WIDE palan palan palan palan (or
"wide, over a wide space, to a distance",
VT45:21); THE WIDE WORLD Palurin Palurin Palurin Palurin -PAL,
LAD, Silm:435, LT1:264
WIELD #tur tur tur tur- (cited in source as turin turin turin turin "I wield",
1st pers. aorist), pa.t. turn turn turn turn (control, govern).
WIELD, esp. WIELD A WEAPON mahta mahta mahta mahta- -- - (fight,
handle, manage) -TUR, MAK/VT39:10, MA3
WIFE vess vess vess vess (In UT:8, indis indis indis indis is translated "wife",
but in Etym this word is glossed "bride".) -BES,
UT:8 cf. NDIS
WILD verca verca verca verca, #hravan hravan hravan hravan (only pl. hravani hravani hravani hravani is
attested; Hravani Hravani Hravani Hravani the "Wild" was used in Exilic
Quenya to designate Men not belonging to the
three houses of the Edain.) -BERK, WJ:219
WILDERNESS rva rva rva rva (Note: a homophone
means "riverbank"). The form ravanda ravanda ravanda ravanda (or
possibly rovanda rovanda rovanda rovanda) mentioned in VT46:10 may be
either a Quenya word or an etymological form
cited to explain the "Noldorin" word rhofan. -
RAB, VT46:10
WILL (noun) nra nra nra nra (= "will" as a potential or
faculty, while "act of will" is nirm nirm nirm nirm), *selma selma selma selma ( ) ("a
fixed idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as
elma elma elma elma, but (th th th th) would become s s s s in the Noldorin
Quenya. Cf. ind ind ind ind, sind sind sind sind in WJ:384) Other
words for "will" turn up in Tolkien's various
translations of "thy will be done" in the Lord's
Prayer: indm indm indm indm, replacing #mend mend mend mend (mendelya mendelya mendelya mendelya
"thy will"); according to VT43:16, Tolkien in his
notes defined indm indm indm indm as "settled character, also
used of the 'will' of Eru". -VT39:30/VT41:6, 17;
WJ:319, VT43:15-16
WILL NOT - I will not: v v v v (exclamation, also =
Do not!); avan avan avan avan, vn vn vn vn, vany vany vany vany "I won't", avamm avamm avamm avamm,
vamm vamm vamm vamm "we won't" -WJ:371
WILLOW-TREE tasar tasar tasar tasar, tasar tasar tasar tasar ( ) (probably
obsoleting tasarin tasarin tasarin tasarin in LT2:346) -
TATHAR/Silm:438
WIND #sr sr sr sr ( ?) (instrumental form srinen srinen srinen srinen is
attested, indicating a stem-form sri sri sri sri-), slim slim slim slim ( )
(also the name of the month of March), vaiwa vaiwa vaiwa vaiwa,
waiwa waiwa waiwa waiwa (the latter is probably an older [MET]
form); NOISE OF WIND s s s s, WINDY wanwavoit wanwavoit wanwavoit wanwavoit
(pl. wanwavoisi wanwavoisi wanwavoisi wanwavoisi) -MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:266,
Nam/RGEO:66, W, LT1:266
WIND UP telya telya telya telya- -- - (transitive) (conclude, finish) -
WJ:411
WINE miru miru miru miru, limp limp limp limp (the drink of the Valar, or of
the fairies). The word mruvr mruvr mruvr mruvr, mruvor mruvor mruvor mruvor is
defined as "a special wine or cordial.") -LT1:261,
LIP, LT1:258, WJ:399
WING rma rma rma rma (Pl. rma rma rma rmar r r r and plural instrumental
form rmainen rmainen rmainen rmainen are attested. The form #rm rm rm rm,
occurring in the ship-name Errm Errm Errm Errm "Sea-Wing",
evidently has a feminine ending.)
HAVING WINGS rmavoit rmavoit rmavoit rmavoit (pl. prob. *rmavoisi *rmavoisi *rmavoisi *rmavoisi,
cf. LEAPING, WINDY), "WEST-WINGS" (the
name of a ship) Nme Nme Nme Nmerrmar rrmar rrmar rrmar -RAM/LT2:335,
MC:222, Silm:295, UT:175, 458
WINTER hrv hrv hrv hrv, (in early [TLT] material:) Yelin Yelin Yelin Yelin,
Hesin Hesin Hesin Hesin. (In the Calendar of Imladris, hrv hrv hrv hrv was a
precisely defined period of 72 days, but the word
was also used without any exact definition.)
Lasselanta Lasselanta Lasselanta Lasselanta "leaf-fall" could be used for the
beginning of winter, but the usual translation of
this word is "autumn". "WINTER ONE" Hescil Hescil Hescil Hescil (a
title of Nienna "who breedeth winter", LT1:66,
255) -LotR:1141, 1145; LT1:255, LT1:260
WISDOM nolw nolw nolw nolw (secret lore, obsoleting nlem nlem nlem nlem
in LT1:263), nl nl nl nl (long study, lore, knowledge)
(In Etym these words, as well as nla nla nla nla below, are
spelt with initial , that is, ng ng ng ng. Initial ng ng ng ng had
system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly.
Nl Nl Nl Nl is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if these
words are written in Tengwar, the initial n n n n should
be transcribed with the letter noldo noldo noldo noldo, not nmen nmen nmen nmen.)
WISE #saila saila saila saila (isolated from alasaila alasaila alasaila alasaila "unwise"),
nla nla nla nla (learned), saira saira saira saira, istima istima istima istima (having knowledge,
learned), iswa iswa iswa iswa, isq isq isq isqua ua ua ua -NGOL, VT41:13, 18,
Silm:432, IS, SAY/VT46:12, LT2:339

WISH (vb) #mer mer mer mer- (cited in the form mer mer mer mer,
evidently the 3rd person aorist; pa.t. given as
mern mern mern mern) (wish, desire); WISH TO GO TO A
PLACE mna mna mna mna- (desire to go in some direction,
make for it, have some end in view). -MER,
VT39:11
WITCH (of the good magic) curuni curuni curuni curuni -LT1:269
WITH: For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing,
the best translation of "with" (in the sense of
"together with") is probably #as as as as, attested with a
pronominal suffix (see below). A string of various
prepositional elements meaning "with" are
attested, but all are probably not meant to
coexist in the same form of Quenya; rather
Tolkien often changed his mind about the details.
The preposition l l l l, le le le le found in early material
(QL:52) is probably best avoided in LotR-style
Quenya (in which langauge le le le le is rather the
pronoun "you"). Tolkien later seems to be
experimenting with yo yo yo yo and /o oo o as words for
"with"; yo hildinyar yo hildinyar yo hildinyar yo hildinyar in SD:56 probably means
*"with my heirs", and VT43:29 reproduces a
table where various pronouns are suffixed to -,
probably meaning "with" (ni ni ni ni *"with me", l l l l
*"with you", etc.) In the essay Quendi and Eldar,
Tolkien assigns a dual meaning to - as a prefix;
it was used "in words describing the meeting,
junction, or union of two things or persons, or of
two groups thought of as units" (WJ:367; cf. 361
regarding the underlying stem WO, said to be a
dual adverb "together"). The plural equivalent of
dual - is yo yo yo yo- (as in yomeni yomeni yomeni yomeni, WJ:407 cf. 361
regarding the underlying root J), and it may
seem to be this yo yo yo yo that occurs as an
independent preposition in yo hildinyar yo hildinyar yo hildinyar yo hildinyar in SD:56.
The idea that - is a distinctly dual form does not
appear in all sources; in VT43:29 we have forms
like *m m m m *"with us", implying at least three
persons. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya
rendering of the Hail Mary, he experimented with
various prepositional elements for the phrase
"with thee" (see VT43:29). A form carely carely carely carely was
replaced with asely asely asely asely in the final version.
Removing the ending -ly ly ly ly "thee" and the
connecting vowel before it leaves us with #as as as as as
the word (or a word) for "with"; this is probably
ultimately related to the conjunction ar ar ar ar "and" (see
VT43:30). In English, the preposition "with"
may also have an instrumental force, which is
best rendered by the Quenya instrumental case
(e.g. *namba namba namba nambanen nen nen nen "with [= using] a hammer").
WITHER hesta hesta hesta hesta- -- -, WITHERED hessa hessa hessa hessa (dead) -
LT1:255
WITHIN mi mi mi mi (see IN) -MI
WITHOUT (adj & prep) (usually followed by
genitive: calo calo calo calo "without light [cala]") (destitute
of). WITHOUT BEAUTY van van van van, adj. vana vana vana vana. (As
for a suffix "-less", also glossed "without" by
Tolkien, see entry -LESS.) -VT39:14
WIZARD istar istar istar istar (nom. pl. istari istari istari istari and gen.pl.
istarion istarion istarion istarion are attested), sairon sairon sairon sairon, curuvar curuvar curuvar curuvar
WIZARDRY - in LT1:269, curu curu curu curu is glossed
"magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss is simply
"skill". -LotR:1121, UT:388, cf. IS, SAY; LT1:269
WOLF rca rca rca rca, narmo narmo narmo narmo, WEREWOLF nauro nauro nauro nauro;
WOLFHOWL naul naul naul naul (In Etym, narmo narmo narmo narmo, nauro nauro nauro nauro and
naul naul naul naul are spelt with initial , that is, ng ng ng ng. Initial ng ng ng ng
had become n n n n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow
the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly.
But if these words are written in Tengwar, the
initial n n n n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo noldo noldo noldo, not nmen nmen nmen nmen.) -DARK, NGAR(A)M, NGAW
WOMAN ns ns ns ns (so in MR:213, Etym gives nis nis nis nis, but
both sources agree that the pl is nissi nissi nissi nissi (the
alternative pl. form nsi nsi nsi nsi in VT43:31 seems
abnormal, since this would be expected to
become *nzi nzi nzi nzi > *nri nri nri nri). A longer form of ns ns ns ns/nis nis nis nis is
niss niss niss niss, clashing with *niss *niss *niss *niss "in me". For clarity
writers should probably use the short sg ns ns ns ns, as
Tolkien himself does in MR:213, with the stem
niss niss niss niss- before endings, as in the pl. nissi nissi nissi nissi). At the
end of compounds the form -nis nis nis nis may occur, as in
Artanis Artanis Artanis Artanis (see NOBLE WOMAN). A poetic word for
"woman" is n n n n (female). The form #nna nna nna nna (gen.
pl. nnaron nnaron nnaron nnaron attested, VT43:31) may have been
but an ephemeral word for "woman" in Tolkien's
conception. -NDIS/N/NIS, MR:213, VT43:31, N,
INI
WOMB #mna mna mna mna (isolated from mnalyo mnalyo mnalyo mnalyo "of thy
womb"). Another word, #carva carva carva carva, was possibly
rejected by Tolkien. -VT43:31
WON'T see WILL NOT
WOOD toa toa toa toa (probably "wood" as a material
rather than "wood" = "forest"; not to be confused
with the homophone adj. toa toa toa toa "of wool, woollen"),
GREAT WOOD taur taur taur taur (pl. tauri tauri tauri tauri is attested)
(forest), wood as material: tavar tavar tavar tavar (also toa toa toa toa), rough
piece of wood: runda runda runda runda, piece of shaped wood:
pano pano pano pano, smouldering wood (ember): yulm yulm yulm yulm (Note:
yulm yulm yulm yulm also means "drinking, carousal") firewood:
turu turu turu turu ("firewood" was the proper meaning, but the
word was used for "wood" in general); OF
WOOD taurina taurina taurina taurina, WOODEN turva turva turva turva, WOODEN
POST samna samna samna samna ( ); WOODEN HALL ampano ampano ampano ampano,
WOODPECKER tambaro tambaro tambaro tambaro, WOODLAND tavas tavas tavas tavas
(LT1:261 also gives nan nan nan nan(d dd d), but this means
"valley" in LotR-style Quenya.) -VT39:6,
TWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf. 215, RUD, PAN,
YUL, LT1:270, STAB, TAM, LT1:267
WOOF winda winda winda winda -LT1:254
WOOL t t t t (obsoleting oa oa oa oa in LT1:249; GL:71 has
toa toa toa toa, but cf the following:) OF WOOL, WOOLLEN

toa toa toa toa (not to be confused with the homophone toa toa toa toa
"wood") -TOW
WORD quetta quetta quetta quetta (pl. quettar quettar quettar quettar is attested. LT2:348
gives quent quent quent quent; this word is no doubt obsolete in
LotR-style Quenya. GL:28 has "qetta-") -
Silm:436, WJ:391
WORLD Ambar Ambar Ambar Ambar (earth), THE WIDE WORLD
Palurin Palurin Palurin Palurin. (LT2 gives irmin irmin irmin irmin "the world, all the
regions inhabited by Men"; this is probably not a
valid word in LotR-style Quenya.) OF THE
WORLD marda marda marda marda (an adjective, *"wordly"); THE
ENDING OF THE WORLD Ambar Ambar Ambar Ambar- -- -metta metta metta metta,
ambarmetta ambarmetta ambarmetta ambarmetta; "WORLD-ARTIFICER" Martamo Martamo Martamo Martamo (a
title of Aul) REDEEMER OF THE WORLD
Mardorunando Mardorunando Mardorunando Mardorunando (it is not clear whether the initial
element #mardo mardo mardo mardo means "world" or "of the world";
cf. marda marda marda marda above). -LotR:1003 cf. MBAR,
VT44:36, LT1:251, 264, LT2:343, LT1:266,
VT44:17
WORN yerna yerna yerna yerna (old [of things]), colla colla colla colla (pa.p. of
#col col col col- -- - "bear, *wear") (borne). Also used as a noun
= "vestment, cloak". -GYER, MR:385
WORTH, WORTHY valda valda valda valda (dear) -GL:23
WOSE R R R R, Ratan Ratan Ratan Ratan (pl Ratani Ratani Ratani Ratani is given but
seems perfectly regular) -UT:385
WOUND (vb) harna harna harna harna-; WOUNDED harna harna harna harna;
WOUND (noun) harw harw harw harw -SKAR
WRAP vaita vaita vaita vaita- -- - (enfold) -LT1:271, VT46:21
WRATH orm orm orm orm (haste, violence, rushing) -GOR,
KHOR
WREATHE ra ra ra ra (garland) -PM:347
WRIGHT samno samno samno samno ( ) (carpenter, builder) -STAB
WRITE #tec tec tec tec- (3rd pers. aorist tec tec tec tec is given);
WRITING sarm sarm sarm sarm (in the Etymologies also
tengw tengw tengw tengw, but in a later source this word is said to
mean "indication, sign, token", and this meaning
may be predominant in Tolkien's later Quenya; pl
tengwi tengwi tengwi tengwi is attested); WRITING SYSTEM tencel tencel tencel tencel
(spelling); WRITINGS parma parma parma parma (book) -VT39:8,
TEK cf. WJ:394, 395, LT2:346
WRONG raica raica raica raica (crooked, bent). INDUCEMENT
TO DO WRONG #sahti sahti sahti sahti (temptation), attested
in the allative case (sahtienna sahtienna sahtienna sahtienna) -RYAK,
VT43:23

Y

YARD ranga ranga ranga ranga (pl rangar rangar rangar rangar is attested). The basic
meaning of ranga ranga ranga ranga was "full pace". This
Nmenrean linar measure was "slightly longer
than our yard, approximately 38 inches [= 96.5
cm]". -UT:285, 461
YAWN yanga yanga yanga yanga- -- -, #hac hac hac hac- (only attested as
participle: hcala hcala hcala hcala "yawning") -YAG, MC:222
YEAR loa loa loa loa (lit. "growth"), coranar coranar coranar coranar (lit. "sun-
round", used when the year was considered
more or less astronomically - but loa loa loa loa is stated to
be the more usual word for "year"). The pl.
coranri coranri coranri coranri is attested (PM:126). LONG-YEAR yn yn yn yn
(pl. yni yni yni yni is attested in Nam; the Etymologies as
printed in LR cite the stem-form as yen yen yen yen-, but
according to VT46:22 Tolkien's manuscript
actually has the pl. form yni yni yni yni as in Nam). A
"long-year" is a period of 144 solar years, an
Elvish "century" - the Eldar used duodecimal
counting, in which 144 is the first three-digit
number, like our 100. But sometimes it seems
that yn yn yn yn simply means "year". Cf the following
words: LAST YEAR yenya yenya yenya yenya, HAVING MANY
YEARS linyenwa linyenwa linyenwa linyenwa (old), *RECKONING OF
YEARS Ynonti Ynonti Ynonti Ynonti -LotR:1141, YEN, MR:51
YELLOW malina malina malina malina, tulca tulca tulca tulca (the latter was adopted
from Valarin and used in Vanyarin Quenya
only),YELLOW POWDER malo malo malo malo (stem *malu malu malu malu-)
(pollen), "YELLOW HAMMER" (yellow bird)
ammal ammal ammal ammal, ambal ambal ambal ambal, YELLOW WATER-LILY nnu nnu nnu nnu -
SMAL, WJ:399, LT1:248
YES n n n n (literally "is", i.e. "[so it] is"). In one
conceptual phase, Tolkien used l l l l for "yes", but
in both earlier and later material, l l l l is the
negation "no, not" instead. -QL:64, VT42:33
YOKE yanta yanta yanta yanta (bridge), yalt yalt yalt yalt -YAT, GL:37
YON, YONDER (adj) enta enta enta enta; YONDER
(interjection?) en en en en (there, look!) -EN, VT45:12
YOU (pl. only; for sg "you", see THOU) The
ending -ly ly ly ly may cover pl. as well as sg. "you"; on
the other hand, Tolkien also used -ll ll ll ll for pl.
"you" (VT43:36). The reduced form - -- -l l l l may be
attached to an imperative: hecal! hecal! hecal! hecal! "you be gone!"
[WJ:364] and probably also as object:
*Utvienyel *Utvienyel *Utvienyel *Utvienyel, "I (- -- -nye nye nye nye) have found you (- -- -l ll l)".
Perhaps -l ll l can be used for plural "you" in subject

postition as well, e.g. *lendel lendel lendel lendel, "you went", though
this could perhaps also be *lendell lendell lendell lendell. The
independent (emphatic) word for "you, even you"
as subject may be *ell ell ell ell, while object "you"
seems to be le le le le (perhaps also used as a polite or
formal sg: "thee", though the sg. seems to be
#lye lye lye lye in at least one late version of Quenya).
YOUR the ending would be -l ll lya ya ya ya if -ly ly ly ly is both
sg. and pl. "you" (the ending -lya lya lya lya is attested with
sg. meaning), but if we accept -ll ll ll ll as an ending
for plural "you", the ending for "your" could be *-
lla lla lla lla, e.g. *aldalla aldalla aldalla aldalla "your tree".
YOUNG nessa nessa nessa nessa, vinya vinya vinya vinya, cana cana cana cana; YOUTH ns ns ns ns ( ),
ness ness ness ness, v v v vri ri ri ri, laito laito laito laito/laisi laisi laisi laisi (vigour, new life);
YOUTHFUL nessima nessima nessima nessima -NETH, VT46:22, LR:25,
GL:37, LT1:267

Z

ZIMRAPHEL Mriel Mriel Mriel Mriel -UT:224, Silm:324

ZIMRATHN Hostamir Hostamir Hostamir Hostamir -UT:222

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