Calculating heat changes given an equation using an formula.

To calculate the heat absorbed or released we can use the following formula.
Q = n * H substance

Heat released or absorbed during reaction = Q Number of moles = n Molar enthalpy (enthalpy change per mole) for the substance in the reaction = substance

The molar enthalpy for many substances in certain reactions have been determined by chemists and recorded in tables like the one below. (Such tables can be found in many handbooks or textbooks) For example: 1) Vaporization (phase change from liquid to gas) of the substance or 2) Fusion (phase change from solid to liquid) of the substance.
Molar Enthalpy's of Vaporization and Fusion ( under standard conditions) Substance Ammonia Ethanol Methanol Water Formula NH3 C2H5OH CH3OH H2O H vap (kJ / mol ) + 23.3 + 38.6 + 35.2 + 40.7 H fus (kJ/ mol ) + 5.66 + 4.94 + 3.22 + 6.01

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Molar enthalpies of combustion for selected substances Substance Carbon ( graphite ) Ethanol Glucose Hydrogen Formula C C2H5OH C6H12O6 H2 H combustion - 394 - 1367 - 2800 - 286

Methane Methanol Propane

CH4 CH3OH C3H8

- 891 - 726 - 2219

4) For other substances in reactions where molar enthalpies are not recorded we can use the following procedure to calculate them. To determine the H substance (kJ /mol) when given an equation we need only divide the H given by the equation by the balance of the substance.
Question: What is the molar enthalpy of CO2 (g) in the reaction for the burning of butane below? 2 13 + C4H10 (l) O2 (g) 8 CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (g) H = -5315 kJ

Answer: Molar enthalpy is the enthalpy change in equation divided by the balance of CO2 (g) Molar enthalpy, H substance = 5315 kJ 8 mol = 664 kJ / mol.

To solve heat calculations of enthalpy using the equation method we need to do the following: 1) Determine the information given. 2) Calculate the # of moles substance and the molar Important enthalpy from the equation, or take it from a table of procedure values, if needed. 3) Plug values into the equation and calculate missing value.

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Question: How much heat will be released if 65 grams of butane is burned in a lighter according the equation in the example above. Answer:

1) Given 65 grams of butane H reaction = 5315 kJ 2) a) Moles of butane mass gram molecular weight ( butane ) 65 grams 58.14 g/mol = 1.12 moles b) Molar enthalpy 5315 kJ 2 mol C4H10 = 2657.5 kJ/mol 3) Plug values into equation. Q = n * H substance Q = 1.12 mol * 2657.5 kJ/mol = 2976.4 kJ Considering significant figures = 3.0 MJ

Answer the following question using the equation method above Calculate the heat released when 120 grams of click to view Check your Iron (III) oxide is formed by the following answer understanding equation 2 Fe2O3 (s) 4 Fe (s) + 3 O2 (g) H = 1625 kJ

Assignment: Calculating Heat using the formula method. Click on notepad and complete assignment using the equation method

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