Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
GREEI(
BASIC COURSE
Volume 2
R F 5
GREEK
BASIC COURSE
VolLIme 2
h i s work was compiled and pub.
Iished with the support of the Office
of Education, Department of Health,
Education and Welfare, United States
of America.
S. OBOLENSKY, . SAPOUNTZIS and . SAPOUNTZIS
FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1 6 8
D R F 5
GREEK BASIC COURSE
FORE1(;N
BAS1C COUR8E SER1E8
Erlited by
AU(;U87'U5
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrinrIng OHice, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1
ii
GREEK BASIC COURSE
R f' ,1 C
FS/ Greek Bosic Course, Volume 11, eon/inues /h" and [ormat
Volrtm.e rOlJ,nd8 uut thp the b08iC
r.olloqaial (kothomi/umeni) (;reI,k and /he rapid
arqui.sitiOTl kothorevouso, presen/cd Volumr 111.
The CUrT('n{ 26 through 50 75-1tnit
ba.'I'ic rl?cOrding8
f'orrign I,anguoge thc
lcchrLI:cal 108(> :'W.
The Seroice
assistancc lJJhirh madc pllblica-
volume
r :
R.
['oreign Institute
iii
GREEK BASIC COURSE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Urdt 2.'6 'B.1yi.ng things'
I3a.sic Dialog1.1e .. 329
Response Drill .... 332
Narrat1 333
ReS!'ODBe Drill
Note 26.1 P.ronouns L and . 335
Respol1.Be Ex.ercise )36
Un1t 27 'Making hotel reservat10ns by phone
Basic D:i.alogu.e 338
.. .341
Response 342
27.1 Continuous Past in sentences .... 343
27.2 'if eentences ........ 343
27.3
in ...................................... 344
.Adjecti'V'eS in ........................................ 344
27.5 Adjecti :1n - 345
Response Exerc1se ............................................................... 345
Unit 28 the hotel
'
352
351
352
347
...........................................
............................................
.................................................................
..................................................................
Third Declension Nouns
Response Dril1
Third decl. noun Note 28.1
Bas1c Dialogue
28.2.1 Notat1on . . . . . 354
28.3 Class verbs : 1st.pers.plur. Present/Future endings in katharevusa 354
Nouns \11th - - infix i.n plural 355
Response 356
Topics for Dis ............. 358
Unit 29 IWeather Report
'Basic ....................................... 360
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Response Drill t 11 362
.. 362
Not8 29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
Third declension masc.nouns in -
F1rst decl. case end1ngs in katharevusa 365
'1hird decl. nouns in - and - .. 365
Idiomatic UBage ................................. 366
TOp:l.CB for Discussion 366
Unit 30 Party"'
Bas1c D1.aloglle 3'68
RespOIlse Drill 371
Narrat1ve .. 11 11 11 .11 11 11.11.11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11.11 11 11 11 11...........
ReSPOIlSe Drlll 373
Note 30.1 Irregular' adjectives in 374
30.2 Katharevus8 superlat1ves 374
30.3 Verbs w1th prefixes 374
Drills
Response Exercise
..............................................................
......................................
377
378
R e v i e v (units 26 - 30)
Grarranatical D1"1ll 379
Narrative ...................................................................... 380
Unit 31 'm a Cafe'
Ba&1c 383
D1"ill 388
Note 31.1 Neuter in. / -0"L 388
D:l..minutives 388
Response "
Unit 32 IDriving'
IJas1c 391
Resp()Ilse Dt-1ll. . 39!)
Note 32.1 Use ( in clauses....................................... 396
32.2 Prepoaitions 396
ResponBe Ex:ercise 396
v
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Un1t 33 'Driving' (cont.)
Bas1c 397
Response Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3
Drills ............................ 403
Response EX.erc1se 405
Unit 34 the Harbor
l
Bas1c . 407
Dri II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 411
Note 34., 'Mixed' conjuRation . 41,
Dr111s
Response Exerc1se
................................................
..........................................................
412
413
Unit 35 'At the Airport
Basic D:i.alog1le . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Res})Ol1Se 421
Top1.cs for 421
Drill ................ 422
R e v 1 e w (thits 31 - 35)
Grarnrnatical Dril1.s ... , ......................
Narrative
Unit 36 'At the U.S.Consu1ate'
Basic Di.alog'U.e . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
RespOI1Se Drill . . . . . . . . . 433
Note 36., Perfect ............... 433
Gramma.t1cal Dril1B
Response Ex:erc1se ..........................................................
433
435
Un1t 37 'App]ying for a visa
Bas1c DialOg'U.e . . . . . . . 437
DriU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Unit 38 'App]ying for a v1sa (cont.)
Basic Dialogtl..e . . . . . . . .
ResJ)01'lse Drill . . . . . . . . 44,
vi
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 39 IIn the V1ce Consul.ls Ofi'ice
Bas1c .. 442
ReSpOIlSe Dr:tll 44.3
Unit 40
IGreek Islands
l
Ba.s1c .. .. .. ..
Dr111
......... ,..
..
446
446
Response Dril1 .. 448
R e v i e w (Units 35 - 40)
Gra.mmat1cal Dril1s
Narrative
449
451
Unit 41 IIn the Courtroom
l
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 453;
Grarrnnatical D1'il1.s . . . . 455
Unit 42 1m the Courtroom'
:Ba.sic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Dr:tlls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Unit 43 'In the Courtroom ( cont. )
Basic ..............................................................
ReSPOIlSe Drill ............................................. 465
GI-arrmatical Dril1s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Top:i.CS for d1.scussion ......... 469
Unit 44 Polit1cal
Basic . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
ResJ>OrlSe DI"i11 472
Unit 45 Political
(cont.)
13asic D::i.a.logu.e 474
Note 45.1 Katharevusa verb forms 476
Third decl.noun
45.2
45.3
Dat1ve case ......................................................
....................................
vii
477
478
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Top:Lcs for .............. 478
R e v i e w (Units 41-45 )
GraI11l'l8.tical Drills 481
tTnit 46 'F:iJle
:Basic D:f..alog'U.e . 485
'F:lne Arts' (cont.)
(cont.) ..................................................
Unit 47
Unit 48
Un1t 49
'F:iJle Arts'
'F:iJle Arts
)
....................................................
....................................................
487
489
491
'The Greek Theatre'
verb foI'!IJS
Past tense augment in
496
501
501
503
503
503
505
................................
...........................................
.................................
......................................................
'Dhimotild. suffix
Ietter-numerals
.....................................................................
Response EJcercise
Narrative
Note 50.1
Unit 50
. 506
viii
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 26
Basic D:i.alogu.e
26
(the) taxicab
independent, single
(bachelor)
Tax:i., are you
(the) clothes
v
329
Take to street [can] buy sorne
clothes:
(the) dreBs
(the) skirt
(the) blouse
(the) vest
(the) pu110ver
(the) scar:f
(the) raincoat
(the) pair
(t11e)
a dress, a skirt, a blouae me,and
a vest, a pul1over, a a raincoat,
and a pair shoes :fiance.
islander
a piece o:f handwork
wel1
(the) (ancient) vase
G REEK BASIC COlTRSE
(the) jewel
kind of coarse woolen carpet
popu1ar
(the) record, plate, disk
Since you are a local person you may Imow
where can find [some] handwork made by
the islanders as well as [some] ancient
vases,jewe]xy, carpets and the most
folk records.
(the) parliament
(the) Constitution; regiment
You'll find records near the old Parliament,
and towards the end of street near
Constitution square you '11 find stores
whicll have anything you want.
name of a section of Athens
(the) antique shop
You can also go to !1onastyraki, where the
330
antique shops are.
name of a section of Athens
(the) foot of the mountain
Do you Imow Mon!3styraki? It's near Plaka-
the oldest section of Athens at the foot
of Acropolis.
name of the cathedral in Athens
GREEK BASIC COURSE
1s i t near (Iin Metropolis?
26
uExovv
cathedral
(the) shoe store
Yes, it's this side of Metropolis cathedral.
1tIs where many shoe stores are.
made
sof't
\the) skin, leather
(the) store window
Have you ever been (Igone
I
) there,1'f.iss?
have the best shoes there made
the softest leathers. nrnst go there
and see the store
(the) shoe store
else
to drive s.o. crazy
(the) corn (on the foot)
wife always prefers those shoe stores,
because if she buys shoes from somewhere
else the corns her feet drive her
crazy.
(the) look, glance
to look over, to examine
to find (something) hard to do
a womanIs shoe, pump
wide, broad, flat
331
GREEK BASIC COURSE
npw'rtX Can you stop there first that
(3)
-6
can have a 100k, because it.s very hard
for me have difficulty') to find shoes
to [fit] m:y feet. You lmow, have flat
feet.
to notice, to observe
ohI
narrow, tight
to be frank .
Yes, noticed it as as you stepped
,
,
into the car. OhJ what a footJ thought
But to be frank it's better than m:y sister's
foot,which is narrow.
bare-footed
You lmmI she ('the poor one
l
) can1t find
shoes [in her size] anywhere and she either
'\1 , has to have them made to order or walk
bare-footed.
332
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Narrative
26
(,)
333
to :1lIIag:ine
taken :in the proper sense
mania, rage, frenz.y
a ldnd man' S shoes
to add, to join
collection, assortment; meditation
fat, coarse, thick, rude
so16 (of shoes)
crepe
natura1]y
particu1ar, specia1
shoe, sanda1
to wear, to put
sincere, frank, true
to attribute, to return, to give back,
[to grant
coquetry, f1irta
to uncover, disc10se, revea1
thought
to devise, to invent
a 10t
to justify
argument
prove, to
he prove<i
GREEK BASIC COURSE
joke
of the soul
satisfaction
500 drachma bill
everything, the whole
334
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Grammatical Notes
26
Note 26.1 The use 'whoever, whichever, anyone',
'who, which, that', and 'whatever', 'anything'.
...
Acropolis was in the center the city and
whoever took _
In addition to a11 this have) appendicitis
and have to operation ('which has
to be operated')
Whatever you want.
The word is an indefinite pronoun corresponding in meaning to
English 'whoever, whichever, anyone' declined regularly as an adjective.
The word (note that the stress is the syllable opposed
to where i t is the first is a declinable relati pronoun
corresponding in meaning to English 'who , which, that'.
i6 used with the definite article
Thi6 pronoun is sometimes used interchangeably with the pronoun 'that, which'.
HoweVer since i6 indeclinable and does not indicate the gender the noun it refers to,
in contexts must be used to avoid ambjguity. For example in such a
sentence
(The mother friend who was in the theatre with us wi11 go to
Greece). may refer either to or to wherea6 if the
pronoun is used, the meaning is clear:
'The mother friend who (i.e.the mother) was w1th us....
" (not to be coJl1'ue4i v1 the conjuction 'that') is another indafin1te
pronoW1. It corresponds in meaning to English 'whatever, anything' or sometimes 'everything'
335
G REEK BASIC COURSE
and is invariable.
(,)
(,)
(3)
for some reason
to renew
to
...
dress
local
t.
:riendstIi;;
11
336
GREEK BASIC COURSE 26
337
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 27
-------
15
/
/
338
Hello! Is this is there the Xenia
Hotel, please?
next, followi:ng
I'd like you to reserve a room for for
the 15th of the next month
......................
know it's too early now,
occupied
but thought might not find vacancy
would find all rooms occupied') if
called later-
because
Olympic
(the) contest
because of the Olympic games.
to light, to take fire
burning
(the) torch
saint, sacred, holy
space, area, place
Can you tell me, if you ImO.I, what time
they carry the burning torch
from the sacred place1
possible
GREEK BASIC COURSE
27
And then, Ilj like to know, if it's possible,
time the museum is open.
(the) profession
'11 stay for two days and because
of our profession--
(the) archeologist
we '::-e archeologists you know-.we want
to enjoy your famous as much as we
can,
(the) pediment
Zeus
Centaurus
(the) battle, fight
(the) sculpture
, ,
as well as Apollo, the pediments of Zeus s
.........................
Part
____
*See Note 28.3
339
temple, the battles of Centauri and
various other famous sculptures.
Oh, yes. It's for me and my wife.
double
(the) side
We'd prefer a double bed and our room should
be the side [facing] the ruins.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(the)midnight
the day
Virg:in Mary
15
(3)
(3)
We'll arrive August 15 at m1dn1ght the
day Virg1n Mary.
(the) ferry-boat
The ferry-boat arrives :iD Patras late at
n1ght.
(the) car, carriage
Olympia
and i t will take us 3 to 4 hours by (our)
car to get to 01ympia.
. , .
to be late
outs1de-door, street-door
unlocked
Ye8, if we're very late you can leave the
back street-door unlocked,
(the) chamber maid
and leave the key of our room '.dth the
chamber maid,
night duty
to annoy, to bother, to trouble
or with your n1ght clerk; 30 that we won't
di8turb you too
.................
to note, to put do.m, to jot down
you very much. You 'd better put down
340
GREEK BASIC COURSE 27
rrry right away.
to be busy, occupied
busy
(the) excavation
southern
because I'm very busy with excavation
work in southern
required, necessary
to call back, to call again
and don't know if I'll have the (required)
time to call you again.
January
.
February
March
April
May
June
Narrative
341
Ju1y
August
September
October
November
December
thanks to
effort,
baron
performance, execution
to be interrupted
Byzantine
emperor
(the F1rst)
visitor
globe
GREEK BASIC COURSE
human
(3)
/
to to follow
result, issue, outcame
beginning
appearance
runner
to carry, to transfer
flame
to be taken, to be received
to symbolize
:immortal
youth, gereration
to compete
track, race-course
ideal
1896, Pierre de
Coubertin,
_
1896;
* noble
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Grammatical Notes
Verb: SUbjW1ctive: Use Continuous Past in sentences.
UNIT 27
And then d like to Imow
with the Continuous Past may be used instead with the SubjW1ctive to express
a polite request or a wishful thinking, e.g.
Verb: 'if'-sentences.
wish cou1d that play.
wish cou1d go to New York.
1! we1re very late you can leave the back street-
door unlocked
(11 would find a11 rooms occupied'}
if ca11ed later" "
As in English, conditions expressed in 'if'-sentences may be either simple (Iif he comes,
1'11 go'), indefinite (Iif he came, IId go') or hypothetical ('if he had come, would have
gone').
Simple Condition is expressed in Greek much the same as in English, but the verb
the 'if
I
-clause is either the perfective stem form or future, e.g.
1! you friend tell him to come here.
Other corobinations tenses in IifI-sentences to express simple condition are also
possible, e.g.
(or If you go to the movies 1'11 come with you.
If we don't work we don't eat.
If told you made a mistake.
Indefinite and hypothetical conditions in Iifl-sentences are usually not distinguished
in Greekj i.e. they are both expressed by the Cont. Past + in the Iif.Lclause
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(protasis) and plus Continuous Past in the main clause (apodosis). Thus the sentence
can mean
either you went to New York, would go with you' (indefinite condition) or you had
gone to New York would have gone with you', (hypothetical condition) depending on the
context.
other examples:
would be very happy if you did it for me.
or
would have been very happy if you had
done it for me.
would tell i t to you if could.
or
would have told you if had been able to.
Adjective: Adjectives in -
flat foot
Adjectives ending in have the feminine form in and the neuter in
-
e.g.
Sing.
F.
.
G.
Pl.
.
.
G.
The katharevusa declension these adjectives will be discussed in later units.
Adjective: Adjectives in -
344
give the key to the night clerk
G REEK BASIC COLTRSE UNIT 27
'Ihe above sentence illustrates the use adjectives in - adjecti
which are the regular present active participial forms in will be discussed
in later units.
declension (in katmrevusa and is as
F.
'interesting'
G.
G.
Adjective: Adjectives in - in katharevusa
from the holy city
Adjectives in have the feminin"J form in e.g. v).
interesting
category
comparison
compared to
to describe
contest
hymn, national anthem
''Av
34S
GREEK BASIC COURSE
, , ,
346
the hote1'
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 28
Basic Dialogue
Part
28
(the) element
to register the dOCUJllents
(the) identity
" /
347
Will you please register rny documents1
Herels rny passport and rny identification
card.
(the) objection, contradiction
to object
(the) traveler's check
hope you wonlt refuse (11 donlt believe
you too will object to traveler s
checks?
(the) Custamhouse
Because at the where
luggage was ex:amined this morning
(the) amount,
taxab1e, dutiab1e
who1e, entire
(and) had to pay a considerable amount
money for dutiab1e objects (that
had); they wouldn t accept rny trave1er s
checks (Ithem and caused a11 sorts
troub1e.
What are you talking about, Sir! 1t
l
s an
G REEK BASIC COURSE
honor for us to have custamers 1ike you.
We '11 do everything possib1e to be
service to you.
(the) ground-f1oor, 1eve1
(the) branch (loca1 office)
, -6
di.rector,
Besides, the ground.floor the next
bui1ding there is a branch the
Bank Greece, whose manager is our
customer.
to cash
to facilitate, to make it easier
branch a1ways cashes a11 our customers'
checks for us and they do everything
possib1e to make [things] easier for us.
indiscreet
(the) last name
( don't want to appear indiscreet, but your
1ast name seems fami1iar to me.
multi-mi1lionaire
he was busy
(the) tomb
Pharaoh
Are you by any chance the famous French
archeologist and. multimi11ionaire who
excavated ('wasbusywithexcavationsl)
the tombs the Pharaohs?
348
GREEK BASIC COURSE
UNIT 28
The archeologist,yesj but don't Imow
doubt [about being] a mu1t1Inillionaire.
Part
(3)
(the) relative
(the) chemistry
(the) prize, award
Then you must be a relative the French
professor chemistry who got the Nobel
prize.
Charge dIAffaires
(the) secretary
He came here several times last summer
w1th the Charge d Affa1res and the First
Secretary of the French EJnbassy.
morning; breakfast
remember how they enjoyed spend.i.ng their
mornings in the stad1um.
(the) luck
to adopt
to d1e
(the) heir
are relatives by blooo. However he
349
was fortunate enough be ad.opted by
unCle, who made him h1s princ1pal heir after
his death ('when he died
celebrated, famous
G REEK BASIC COURSE
23;
-0:,
(the) painter, artist
(the) erudite, 1earned man
He's a150 the m05t famous painters
and 1earned our times.
(the) sleep
to suffer, to be exhaustea.
But enough that Time flies and we have
to go to bed. wife is exhausted from
the trip.
photographic
(the) machine,
(the) flower
Bell ('litt1e J take those
Buitcases, the CaMera, and those flowers
to room 23.
b1ue
(the) jacket
(the) tuxedo
the big suitcase have a b1ue jacket and
my tuxedo.
(the) c1eaner's shop
to iron, to press
Can you take them to the c1eaner' s to be
c1eaned and pressed?
to shine, to polish
dark
GREEK BASIC COURSE
28
And want you to shine these dark shoes
1m wearing.
to serve
(the) meal
Whs.t time do they serve the meals in the
Can you bring our breakfast to our room? The
usual cafe oomplet
Glad1yJ sir.
Response Dr111
* , (
'to continued
l
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Grammatica1 Notes
Note 28.1 Third dec1ension
This 3rd dec1ension noun is dec1ined as fo11ows:
G.
----
Note 28.2' Noun: Thi.rd Dec1ension NOUI1B.
As can be from Note 28.1, as we11 as the previOUB notes dealing with Third
Dec1ension nOUI1B" their forms cannot be a1ways predicted the nominative case 1ike those
1st and 2nd dec1ension nOUI1B.
The stem the Dec1ension noun appears in the genitive case. stem is the
genitive case minus its ending or ,sometimes or Al1 other cases are
formed by affixing case endings (ii' any) to this stem.
There are course a few exceptions to this ruleJ but they are not
The fo11owing chart il1ustrates the katharevusa dec1ension 3rd Dec1ension
which have already occurred in the previous units:
G.
I'l.
I'l.
,
3$2
)
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(Transferred in 'dhlmotiki' to the 1st decl. '
28
,) .
Pl.
G.
,
(Transferred in
1
dhimotik1
I
to the 1st decl.
,
,).
Pl.
G.
,
(Transferred in 'dhlmot1k:i to the 1st decl.
,).
Sg.
Pl.
G.
(Transferred in 'dh:iIn.ot1ld.
I
to the 1st decl.
Pl.
G.
)
, (Transferred 1n 'dhimotiki' to the 1st decl.
Pl.
G.
, , (Transferred in dhimotik1 to the 1st decl.
G.
353
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Pl.
G.
G.
Pl.
, ,
, ,
,
G.
,
,
,
G.
Hote 28.2.1 Notation.
Beginning with Unit 29 the Genitive case of the Third Dec1ension nouns wi1l be given in
the bui1d-ups in parentheses.
Verb: Class verb present/future 1st end1ngs in katharevusa.
We '11 OnJ.y stay for two days
The katharevusa ending is (present) (future), but may
a150 be used in spoken Greek instead of the regu1ar ending
354
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Mascu1ine and ferninine with -0- 1nfix in plura1.
28
number mascu1ine in and ferninine in
- and - their p1ura1 by means the infix -0-.
P1ura1
'fi8herman'
'coffee'
'grandfather
'coffee-house keeper'
'hors d'oeuvre'
'fox'
It shou1d be noted:
, ) that most these are 10anwords,
2) that they are usually stressed the last sy11ab1e,
3) that the majority of masculine nouns in - are occupation or profession made
with the suffix - (sometirnes a1so
- etc.)
e.g.
'baker'
'greengrocer
l
'01d-c1othes- rnan'
'pa1nter (buildings
'haberdasher'
'butcher'
'grocer
l
'porter
l
'shoe maker
'garbage co11ector'
'owner a tavern'
'priest'
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Using V for 'vowel' the declension pattern these may be shown as follows:
Masc. Fem.
-Vs -V
G. -V -Vs
-v -v
P1ur.
-VOes
-VOon
,
-VOes
Plur.
.
.
.
.
G.
Usufu1 words
.
.
poet
muaic1an
civil engineer
agriculturist
general
adm1ral
A.F. general
6)
356
to inherit
fortune, property, wealth
Egypt
aphinx
pyramid
to declare
perfume
fur
G REEK BASIC COURSE UNIT 28
style
dress, garment, clothes
official
reception, part;y
etiquette
protocol
/
-u
white
black
red
azure, sky blue
pink
purple
orange
light green
pure white
pure black
pure red
gray
pure yellow
3$7
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Topics for Discussion
---------------------
-6
"
to compare
Asiatic
let's
fluent1y
to suppose, aSSUMe, presume
while
reception, welcome
fomal1ty
Stay;
disposal, disposit1on, mood
lett1ng, lease, rent1ng
2-3
358
GREEK BASIC COURSE
28
******
359
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 29
Part
'Weather Report'
--------------
(the; masteIt'iece
Why didn't you to George's party
Apri1 (adj.)
Don't believe everything you hear. It was
one the rnost beautiful April days
(here)
all about the party
But imagine you 're anx:iou5 to know
everything about the party ('fun
Certain1y. Tell rne how i t was.
next, corning
twenty four hour period
at first
little, 111 a srnall degree
higher, superior
falling
in
north
___________ _
* yesterday (adj.)
362
G REEK BASIC COlJRSE 29
east
west
/
(1)
/
northern
afternoon (adj.)
in detail
eastern
north-eastern
genera1]y
cloud
fog
p1a1n
early
morning
Saronikos (bay)
c10udy
wind
to b10w
variab1e, changeab1e
western
even1ng (adj.)
strengthened, fortif1ed
moderate, fair
high sea
Ionian Sea
rough, agitated
remaining, 1eft
still, quiet
Attica
thin, slim, de1icate, 1ight
south-eastern
south-western
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Euboea
(
to fluctuate
.
degree
b1ggest, largest
very sma11, least, ,
20 9
Note: 'Ihe above vreather Bureau Report is written in katharevusa e:xact]y as 1t would appear
in a Greek newspaper.
Words in . 1 represent the dhirootiki equivalents which are normal]y used 1n
spoken Greek.
participial appear vocabulary 1tems. 'Ihe these
participles wi11 be explained in later units.
364
GREEK BASIC COVRSE
Grammatical Notes
Third dec1ension masculine nouns in - 1n dhimotild)
29
his interpreter
The katharevusa dec1ension this group 1s:
G.
The dhimotiki form in - 1s declined. like 1st dec1ens1on masculine nouns in
except for the genitive p1ural ending which is (See a1so Note 14.2)
First dec1ens1on case endings feminine nouns in in katharevusa.
comp1ete set these eIXJ.ings in katharevusa is:
G.
G.
.
Third dec1ension feminine nouns in - aIXJ.
The factory Challds
because the storm
The above examp1es illustrate the use katharevusa genitive forms feminine
in
Third dec1ension feminine nouns in - have the follow1ng case endings in
katharevusa:
G REEK BASIC COURSE
G.
Pl.
.
.
G.
For the dhimotiki declension this group nouns which end in see
Note 14.1.2
Idiomatic usage
a11 about the party
The plural neuter article i5 used here idiomatical],y as an equivalent to English
'a11 about (something)'.
The noun which follows is in the geni tive case.
a11 about war
a11 about peace
Useful Words
-6
)
beach, seashore
water-ski
sw.imming, bathing
rowing
(small) boat
situated near the sea
diving, sinking
cool
forest
O(V)
,
,
EiVaL narWVLtx
L
G REEK BASIC COURSE
inland (adj.)
stoI'Il!
sky
star
lightning
thunderbolt
ful1
1t
l
s
1t
l
s cold
itls cool
itls freezing
itls
i t s raining
it IS
29
rLti.
rECOU.
**********
EiVaL
Xp6VLa.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Part
Party'
,6
-6
____________ __ __ _
(katharevusa past ten5e, later units).
366
(the) journalist
'm going to describe the party to you
exactly a journalist would ('does')
in the social column a newspaper.
to be given
was given
(the) vil1a
(the) pair, couple
Ekali
The party as you Imow was gi in the villa
that couple in Ekali.
to stress, emphasize
charming, fascinating
(the) landlord, host
(the) mistress a house, hostess
It's not necessary to emphasize how charming
and hospitable the host and hostess were.
blootning
(the) almond-tree
fragrant
G REEK BASIC CO URSE
between
30
(3)
the garden the vi11a, under beautiful
a1mond-trees and among the most
fragrant flowers,
to place, put, Bet
many-colored
(the) table-cloth
Japanese
(the) sma11 lantern/l.antern
they had put kinds small tables
with many-colored table-cloths and little
Japanese lanterns;
(the) middle
(the) fountain
(the) orchestra
the most beautiful
(the) composition
(the) composer
while right in the middle the garden,
next to the fountain, there was orchestra
playing beautiful works classical and
modern
(2)
,
(the) personality, personage
to ca11, invite
invited
(the) Sl-liss
(the) Swiss woman
(the) sculptor
(the) Swede
(the) Swedish woman
(the) ambassador
GREEK BASIC COURSE
..
"
Many well-known foreign dignitaries were
among the guests- a Swiss SCUlptor, a
Swedish poet, many foreign ambassadors,
etc.
(the) compatriot
(the) crown prince
(the) crown princess
(the) prince
(the) princess
(the) aide-de-camp
(the) king
(the)
An:i among our compatriots: the Princess
Irene, the aide-de-camp the
(the) Minister Public Works
(the) education
(the) Minister Education
(the) Minister Coordina.tion
(the) defense
(the) Minister Nationa.l DefeDSe
the Minister Public Works, the M1nister
Education, the Minister Coordination
and the Minister Nationa.l Defense.
(the) beautiful women
(the) lovely dress
(the)
adorned the setting (.were
taking and giv1ng')
Beautiful dresses an:;i o.i:ficial
uniforms adorned the setting,
370
GREEK BASIC COURSE
to serve
chosen, select, choice
(the) cellar
30
and waiters served the choicest
foods and wines from our friend's cellar.
,
(the) hUI:10r, good mood
despite all these
(the) worry
(the) relief
'Ihe atmosphere was joy and good
spirits and 1m sure that despite all
your worries you would have found
pleasure and rellef there,
v1thout charm, dull
(the) mishap, misfortune
(the) period, t:ime
(thing) which 1s indispensable in this
dull and miserable ('without charm and full
misfortune') time that live ir..
OL
* 'covered'
371
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Narrative
.
.
372
neighboring
name of a in Athens
inscription, sign
surprising
deceitful, deceptive
origin, descent, extraction
1egitimate, 1awful, genuine
deep
erudition
tradition; surrerxl.er
mentality
expert
adorer, worsh1pper
literature
poetry
to recite
poetry line
to learn by heart
Kavafis
Seferis
verse; turn
contents
teclmique
GREEK BASIC COURSE
intellectual
old-t1mer
rare
30
EX\J,
373
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Grammat1cal Notes
Note 30.1 Adjective: 'Irregular
'
adjectives in -
among the most fragrant flowers.
The adjective 'fragrant' belongs to a group adjectives 1n -
which have ident1cal mascul1ne and feminine forms 1n ,e.g.
Adjective: Katharevusa superlative.
the middle the garden there an
orchestra playing beautitul composit1ons
As stated Note 16.4 the spoken Greek uses the article before the COIIIparative
to form the The form 1s example
the katharevusa superlative form which will be discussed in later units.
Verb: Verbs with prefixes.
verbs with prefixes were listed in Note 18.2.
Here are other such verbs which have occurred since then in our units:
Cla.ss Verbs
Past tenses
-----------
Present
to doubt
to disappoint
to prove
to grant
to reveal
to enjoy
to recite
*
*
*
*
Continuous
*
*
*
G REEK BASIC COURSE 30
to decide
to avoid
to separate
to return
to a110w
to advertise
to carry
to translate
to deliver
to describe
to add
to of.fer
to surpass
to submit
to sign
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
(See Note 18.2)
, -
to depart
to obtain
to last
to observe
to notice
to provoke
to try
*
*
*
*
*
'lb.e verb
Present
(Note 22.3) has the forms:
Past tenses
Continuous
In Notes 10.3 and 15.2 it was stated that a stressed augment (or sometimes Vr-)
1s prefixed to the Class and "fflrbs whenever a syllable past te=e ending
375
G REEK BASIC COURSE
15 added to the verb stem (e.g. etc.)
Verbs 10Iith prefixes such as listed above (see a1Bo Note , 8.2) their S1mp1e and
Continuous Past tense5 according to the same princip1e, but the augment 1s to the
past the verb .!!:ie.! the prefix, and the VOW'e1 the (exCept the
and the .!: ) i5 10st before the augment.
to trans1ate' ,
'to describe'
ContinuoUB Past
'QUt.
but
Verbs with asterisks may be used in the past tenses either with augments (,more
speech) or wit,hout i.e. like any other po]ysy11Bbic verbs. for examp1e, both
arxl.
etc, may be heard.
As can be from the above list verbs, the augment does not appear in the Continuous
Past the Class verbs with persona1 endings 1n (e.g.
- etc.)
-
The Simp1e Past the Class (M1dd1e/Passive) verbs fonned by the suffix
(Note 20.2) as 1oIe11 as t,he Cont1nuous Past this c1ass verbs in (Note
20.3) do not have an augment either, e.g...
Verb
Cont.Past
--------
It should be noted that 1n katharevusa, 10Ihich has d1fferent sets persona1 erxl.ings,
the past tense augment is used both 10Iith simple verbs arxl. verbs with prefixes.
Other verb prefixes (and their different fonns in various phonetic environments) 1oIi11 be
discussed in detail in the Notes Volume 10Ihich deal with katharevusa
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Grammatical Drills
Transformation Drill
Change the verbs into the Past tense.
15
377
UN1T 30
GREEK BASIC COURSE
-6
env1roI1Ment
world1y, Bocial
concentration, gathering
question, issue
drunk
important, signi1'icant
378
GREEK BASIC COURSE
REVIEW
(Un:1.ts 26 - 30)
Rev1ew Dr111
REVIEW 26-30
Change the underlined verbs 1n the sentences from Active to Passive and
change the direct object the (if 8r.\Y) 1nto the subject the new sentence.
,
f' -
__
1960.
379
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Narrative
archaeologica1
mediterranean
Mediterranean Sea
enthusiasm
sea shore
native
friendJ.y
manifestation, expression
aston1shment, surprise
to force, compel, oblige
to descern, to dcnm
for, for the sake
Egyptian
camel
admiration
to for the first time
height
conversation
amusing
reward, salaIY
to admire
hierogJ.ypha
hospitality
GREEK BASIC COURSE REVIEW 26 - 30
Egyptian
to
to charm
historica1
381
GREEK BASIC COURSE
yLa
yLa
yLa
6
yLa
382
a
GREEK BASIC COURSE
* a retired colonel
another retired person
3'
(the) uncle, old man
(
in retirement(army)
One the things that enables me to stay
('not to want to leave') in Greece, is
('thia-here
I
) uncle Kostds cafe.
to estab1ish oneself, to settle
You know that have children settled abroad,
who beg me to go and live with them.
(the) page
stereotyped
Each time get word from them
there's always the same
phrase the first page their letter:
'Why don't you to stay w.l.th us,Dad7'
(the) housekeeper (f.)
(the) cook (f.)
to take care
How can you live by yourself, without any
relatives ('your but with a
GREEK BASIC COURSE
KL
(1)
-6
(1)
8XL.
)84
housekeeper and s female cook to take care
absolute
They sre sbsolute],y right. And do
you SnBWer
(the) h;ymn
the s8lne old story
Each answer them wi.th the same old
story. IAre there cafes ..,here you Uve1
to trest
heavy, strong
S'o/eet, pleasing, kind
80 can go the morning, when you
are st work, to f1nd h1s fr1ends, to treat
them, to drink his Turk1sh ('strong, S'o/eet')
coffee,
to discuss
(the) polit1cs
(the) backgammon
a killd eard game
to discuss h1s politics, to play h1s
backgammon, or his prefai'
(the) age
Certain1y not. can th1s 'gemitl;lich
( full ..,annth a tmosphere wh1ch is
GREEK BASIC COURSE
31
imIX>rtant ('special') for men our
age be found there_
(a town in PeloIX>ne-
sus)
(the) olive
(the) octapus
'feta' cheese; slice
with uzo and olive, the little
octopus and feta cheese
to solve
which put you in a good mood as soon as you
put them in your mouth, that you want
to discuss and solve prob1ems domestic
and intern.ationa1.
(the) solution
everything
With two or three little glasses uzo you
find the solution to everything,
(the) government
(the) IX>liticalopposition
democratic, republican
extreme
for the present ('new') government, for
the IX>litical opposition, for the Democratic
party, the extreme right, the center.
(the) increase
(the) employer
Russia
China
(the) astronaut
For increase salary for employees, for
the workers, for the employers, for Russia,
385
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Part
-------
-6
China, astronauts etc.etc,
entire, whole, precise, right
L
ywvCajYWVLa
You are right. You are absolute]y right.
But you lmow, my friend, in our country
now there are not maqy cafes like this.
to be spoiled, adulterated
Most of them have been spoiled. They are
not arry more as we used to know them.
have changed. Tourists and go
there now ('they put in tourists and women')
(the) parfait
(the) ta1kativeness, chatter
v.ith the1r sweet things, the1r parfaits,
their tea and the1r chatter.
to stand, to hold out, to stop
(the)
quiet]y
can you exist over there , how can you
drink your camomile tea and read your
newspaper quiet:ly?
hey youl you over
to empty
(the) corner, angle
386
GREEK BASIC COURSE
UNIT 31
(the) result
33
But it seem5 that he made a very sharp
('steep turn .,ith the result that he
ended up where him.
And 'olhat happened to the other [man] with
the motorcycle?
to disappear
vanished
to search, to look for, to seek
That the strangest [thing]. He disappeared.
**
He vanished. We searched everywhere[but]
couldn't find him. ('[He was] nowhere').
(the) cO!1Bequence
(the) exit
improbable
Maybe he was afraid the consequences and
took (followed) a ex1t road towards
the public road, which is rather improbable
(the) construct1on,manufacture
impassable
(the) earth
to swallow
because this road was under construction
and was impassable at that t1me, or
the eart.h opened up and swallowed him.
401
1s Past tense ** katharevusa Cont:l.nuoUB Past(see
later units )
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(1)
to huah
(the) apy
to 1nterfere w1th,to be 1nvo1ved
(the) police
But 1t waa a150 very strange (fact) that the
other [fellow] wanted to hU5h up the
who1e th1ng. Maybe he was aome sort
apy and he didn' t want to get ved
with the po1ice.
not at all, not in the 1east
strange, odd, queer
excit1ng, captivat1ng
wouldn't be surprised. ('[it wouldn't] be
s trange at a11'). that your trip
was very excitingl
-6
excit1ng
endless
to re1ate, to te11
You're te1ling Ful1 excit1ng events
that 'd need end1ess hours to tell you.
(the) performance
But think the mechanic has finished and
we have to hurry if we don't want to be
1ate and miss the performance.-
402
GREEK BASIC COURSE UNIT 33
Drills
403
GREEK BASIC COURSE
GREEK BASIC COURSE
.3.3
L.' *
-6
to OW'e
is due
are due
winter (adj.)
405
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Washington ;
406
the Harbor'
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(the) swan
34
nEL
All passengers p1ease go this
('from here').
(the) embarcat10n
(the) race sailing boats
(the) open
The embarcation 1s about to start, because
the boat races are going to begin in a
litt1e 'Whi1e, and have to be the open.
)
n&EL
lRL-
4c17
(the ) small change
(the) hat
to float
(the) 'Wave
insupportab1e,tiresome,unbearab1e
a11 at once
Oh, my goodnessJ change and my hat
gone! I.ook ho'W i t 1s [the hat] f10ating
the W8ve8. (&1t) what unbearab1e
situat10n (that 1s)J
Such a crowd and they a11 'Wsntto get
board at the same t1me.
(the) cruise
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Aegean Sea
TC
They told me 50
What did want
this cruise in the Aegean Sea for,
(Iwith') this bad weather?
(the) line, row, turn, order
(the) mooologue, soll1oquy
to weigh anchor, to depart (sh1p)
KaC
[Stay] in l1ne, M1ss. Stop talking to your5elf,
and hurry upl The sh1p is leaving 1n half
hour.
(the) t1me-table, 1t1nerary
Wby so soon? Accord1ng to the 5chedule 1t's
TC
ElvaL
supposed to leave in an hour. What's all
this about?
to blame
(the) harbor-master
respons1ble
ElvaL
Don't blame me, sirl ItIs the harbor-master
who is responsible. He i5 the who
changes the schedule.
Well doneJ Well 5aidl Good(for you)
Congratulations! N1ce jobl
organized
(the) spirit, ghost, m1nd
to congratulate
408
GREEK BASIC COURSE 34
(3) to create, to produce
Good for himJ real brain for organization
('organizing spirit')J He deserves
congratulations. wok at the
he has createdJ
(the) organization
(3) to warn
(the) agency
You"j expect better ('more') organization.
They shou1d have warned UB in advance--
(from) the agency leastJ
"
(the) season
Don't forget, sir, that are now in [the
middle of] tne tourist season the
traffic in the harbor is very heavy.
whenever
random, it comes to your
mind
And what about people who don't know that
you change schedules at random1
friend, for example, who I'm sure is
going to miss the ship:l
integral, entire
409
to prearrange, to set beforehand
(t:ime)
in whole, in fulJ.
GREEK BASIC COL1RSE
Ha.lf an hour ahead the schedu1ed time
1s not at a1.1 iJnportant. Bes1des i1' your
friend missed the sh1p his fare would be
reimbursed to him 1n fu1l.
410
1t 's very k1nd YOU
(the) young
(the) group fr1en:is
Wonderfull It's very ldnd YOU. The fact 1s,
YOUDg fellow, had a1.1 dec1ded to go 1n
group.
(the) port off1ce
to be
And YOU and your Port office are golng to
ru1n our plans. We1.1 now, aren' t you
yoursel.f7
to be smart alecky
believe 'm somebody
Don't scold them, Evangeli.a, you're wast1ng
your time. They are very smart-alecky and
they th.U1k theY're somebody.
to blame, to blame oneself
(the) old worthless ship
(the) tempest,
(But) don't fuss with them. It's our own
GREEK BASIC COURSE
UNIT 34
f.auJ.t ('We[shouJ.d] ourselves') that
we are ourselves to visit the
1s1ands their wreck a ship 1n a stonn
like this. then, let's suf'f'erJ
choice , change
according to what he sa1d
in ti.me
OL
yLa
OXL;
Lp
Grammatica1 Notes
Verb: 'Mixed'
1t to your mind
The verb 'to desceoo' belongs to tlIe verbB 'mixed' conjugation
described 1n Note 23.3; 1ts SiJnple Past is Ionned like that the Class verb6, 1.e.
411
GREEK BASIC COURSE
, ,
(2)
against
to i.nvite
__
, ,
412
GREEK BASIC COURSE
34
to quote, to mention
relativeJ.y. in regard to
to cross
ocean
Caribbean
whoever, llhichever
seasickness
GREEK BASIC COURSE
-6
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Part
dear
35
This is it!That's fina1JNo morel
(the) separation
Well, dear, this is itJ The tiJne (our)
separation has come.
we'll each other again
short1y, brief1y,
12
Don 't be dramaticJ We 'll each other
This time it depends you. We
could be together again in 1 2 hours.
to be nonexistent, annihi1ated
(the) distance
ultra-modern
(the) communication
Distances cbn't exist arv more with ultra-
modern communication devices.
1et's 1eave a11 th1s and 1et's
get busy With various formalities, because
------------------------------------------------
already; (w. negation) more, arv longer
415
GREEK BASIC COURSE
don t ha.ve enough tilne (at diSPJsal).
(the) handbag, brlefcase
to conta:in
frag11e, brittle
to lock
D1d you write the big briefcase that 1t
contains fragile and did you lock
it secure1y?
(the) instruction, direction
Certainly, a11 your instructions.
to check,
of customs
(the) examination, inspection
duty free
hope tha.t when they examine things ('them')
at Kennedy Ai.rport, where the customs
inspection takes place, they'll tell me
tha.t they are duty free.
sure, certain
Don't count
**********
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Part 11
35
1
cloudy, overcast
route
The sky seems to be overcast. Imagine having
bad weather (tstorm
I
) routel
at an;,y rate,
to
(the) airport
Par1s
Paris
Don 't say tha.t: You 'll start me worrying
about you again. At an;,y rate don't forget
to send me a cable, as as you land
at the Paris Airport.
(the) worry
(the) nervousness
nervous
(the) smok:1ng
C Ohl You your worries: Somet.ilnes you
exaggerate and make me nervous too.
And when my nerves get hold me smoke
too much. hope smoking is permitted
the plane (at least).
G REEK BASIC COURSE
-6
to 1'ace, to oonf'ront,to wlth
(the) crisls, judgment,opinion
01' aviatlon
Certainly, because otherwise the airlines
would be 1'aced with a crisis.
(the) steam navigation
by ship
(the) railroad
bytrain
There might be a great number 01' passengers
who would pre1'er to travel by or by
train just 1'or that reason.
-6
-6
elegant
channing
stewardess
1'lying
paradlse
(the) eharm
Yes, maybe. But you've 1'orgotten the most
important advantage 01' planes. The elegant
charming stewardessea who try (wi th
their charm) [their best] to make your
travel a 1'lying paradise.
uninterrupted
boring, armoying
to be depri ved
GREEK BASIC COURSE
TJNIT 35
(the) importunity
And although you somet1mes get a little
annoyed by their continuouB interest, do you
think many [people] could be deprived
this pleasant annoyance?
But time is flying. Which gate shall we go to
to wait1
(the) night
United States America
Wait, let me ask the Information [desk] and
a150 if the flight for the U.S.A will be
delayed
.. .... ... ....
(the) pilot
(the) signal, emblem, symbol
(the) departure
Everything's ready. In a while they're go1ng
to take away the stairs and the pilot will
be cleared for departure.
to tie oneself, to fasten
(the) belt,
to take
(tlle) jet
't forget to fasten ('yourself the
safety belt before the plane takes oIf.
419
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Goodby, Basil, Tha.nks
everything.
) (2 )
to k1ss
(the) s tudies
(the) degree,graduation
Have a nice tripJ Till we meet againJ
Evangeline for and tel1 her to keep
her studies (tor graduation).
(the) will
(the) prom1se
Everything's going to be f'ine with a little
good wil1. For the present take Care
yourse1f and remember your promise.
won 't f'orget it. Word honorJ Have a
nice trip, dear, and hope that things
wi11 work a11 right! (' fortune will
bring things to you in the right way ) ._
to ex:change
;'
G REEK BASIC COURSE
35
421
GREEK BASIC COURSE
to suffer, to tolerate
422
GREEK BASIC COURSE
REVIEW
-----------
Review Drills
REVIEW 31 -35
Fill each blank With the Past Part1c1p1e forms the verbs given the right.
_
_
_
GREEK BASIC COURSE
,
__________
,
,
1963
GREEK BASIC COURSE
4
----------
__________
,
_
__ _
REVm131 - 3$
_---------.
_
_
_
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Narrative
L
LO
npw"Lv6
, ( )
LO
(1)
Spring (adj.)
monastery
monk
mosaics
low
morning
incomparable
noise
silhouette
character
front yard
barbarian
calm, tranquility
vanity
icon
austere
to say
uAYLOV
llEL-
paLa YLO:
YLQ:
12
9.1/2 2.1/2
EnLvav
EnLvav
G REEK BASIC COURSE REVIEW 31 - 35
YWVLQ:
YLQ:
XL
XL
GREEK BASIC COURSE
. ~
! ~ .
,
. ' . ' ~
.
~ ~
. , ,
~ .
,
. ,
.
' ~ .
. ~ .
, ,
' ,
~ .
~ ~ o
~ ~ . ,
o ~ , ~ ~ ~ o
, ,
~ o ,
!
' '
. ~
. '
~ .
.
.
' ' . .
.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
REVJ:FJ-i 31 - 35
noG
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Basic Dialogue
--------------
IAt the U.S.Consulate'
-
candidate
(the) emigrant,
to appJ.;y for
(the) emigration, immigration
Excuse me, sir, who should talk to to
find out what is needed to appJ.;y
for immigration ('for my immi,ration') to
America2
(the) eyeglasses
course. Do you that employee with
the glasses2 He is the (in charge)
who will tell exactly what you'll have
to do.
Thank you much.
Gan you {'ho" can appear to be
useful to you'),sir2
(the) applicat10n
430
GREEK BASIC COURSE 36
YLa
I'd like to submit an applicat10n for
immigration to the U.S.A.
(the) specia1ty
nOLav
Why do you want to go to you
have relatives there, or are you a
special.ist :iJl something ('you have
specialty'
to emigrate, to :iInm1grate
cit1zen (of a countr,y)
want to go there ('to because
have a whos settled there. He's
citizen arxl he wants me to go
and stay with hiln.
ElvaL
(3)
to author1ze, to entitle
(the) preference
(the) quota, analogy
MLa
That entitles you to submit application
for second preference in the Greek quota.
Just a minuteJ Let jot down your
data.
(the) date
(the) birth
Your please. Your age and al50 the
431
GREEK BASIC COURSE
,
date your birth.
10
1917. 50
name is Gerasimus Nicho1as Leventis.
was born the 10th Ma.Y,1917; that is
to say 1m 50 years old.
divorced, separated
(the) widower
Are you married, divorced or a widower:i'
(the) divorce
(the) space eight years
vlas divorced ('1 took divorcJ) eight years
ago.
Wha.t is your occupat1on? Are you a specialist
in
(the) contractor
to undertake, to resume
(the) construction, bui1ding
(the) home
to comp1ete
(the) space twenty years
11m a contractor. bui1d houses. 1'11
have completed 20 years in this f1e1d
next year.
432
GREEK BASIC COURSE
)6
llOLa
0XL
Grammatical Notes
Verb: Future Per!ect
1111 have completed twent,y years next
year.
The above example 111ustrates the use the Future Perfect which is formed in Greek
by hav1ng the future part1cle precede the Present Perfect form the verb.
The usage the Future Per!ect 1n Greek 1s about the same as 1n English.
Drill
Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word g1ven the r1ght.
433
G REEK BASIC COURSE
OL _
_
_
OL
__________
_
_
OL
434
GREEK BASIC COURSE
36
, U
__
t ' t U " ' i1
(1)
to moet
435
GREEK BASIC COURSE
G REEK BASIC COURSE
UN1T 37
white
penal, criminal
reg1ster, matriculation ,book
Excuse tor [ask1ng you] this question.
but do you have a police record ('is your
penal register white')1
(the) transaction, dealings
to be accused
None whatsocver ('the whitest'). I've never
had to do with the police aIXI.
have never been accused the slightest
thing
the
(the)
,
Very well. Now, in order to get your v1sa
you'll have to produce the toUo_r.!.ng
437
(the) certificate
(the)opinion, sentiment
military
(the) military serv1ce
birth certificate, a police record, a
G REEK BASIC COURSE
XOL-
VWVLXWV
certificate of po1itica1 (lsocia1
1
)
reliability (Ibelief') and of mi1i tary
service.
(the) testimony,
(the) weight, burden
(the) pub1ic, state, treasur,y
You a1so need SOlfiC evidence which shows that
you will not become a pub1ic charge.
This means that you must prove that you
enough money for your expenses,
to support, to sustain
or that somebody in the U.S.A. can
you.
EivaL
of the same racej a Greek
1iving abl'oad
wel1-to-do
r-t' is in a position to support me. He is
considered by the Greelc commur,ity as
we11-to-do.
who has sworn; a juror
written
(the) affidavit
In that case he must send us an affidavit of
support together with other certificates
w!lich wi11 show his financial status.
GREEK BASIC COURSE UNIT 37
('possibilities').
fault
he 'Would prove
439
G REEK BASIC COURSE
35
440
fina1]y
to be submitted to
detai1ed, thorough
med1ca1
examination, investigation
Fina1]y you have to undergo a thorough
med.ica1 examination.
You
l
11 a1so need three passport-size pictures.
for
(the) subndssion; suggestion
to to, to conle up
The fee for submitting the app1ication amounts
to 35 d011ars,that is to say 1.050 drachmas.
certain, re1ative
chronical, of time
(the) space, distance, course
(the) period
(the) granting, issuing, issue
After the date of the submi8sion of the
app1ication and the various certifjcates
you111 have to wa1t a certain pel'iod of
GREEK BASIC COURSE
UN1T )8
time unti1 the American Vice Consul ca11s
you for the issu:il1g your visa.
How long w111 have to wa1t, approximately'l
(the) march, course, route
(the) 1nvestigation, research
personally
5-6
It depends the course various
invest1gations wh1ch w111 be carr1ed out
( for you ). Persona1J.y th1nk 1t will
take 5 or 6 months.
favorab1e
Quite a long timel fut what can be done?
.. ,
At 1east hope everything's go:il1g to be
44,
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 39
-------
1In the Vice Consul s Office'
---------------------------
1917;
(the) envelope, file
Come in, Mr.Leventis. Have a seat, please.
have here your file with a11 the fOnTIS
and certificates.
You sa1d you were born in Thebes in , 917
Yes, Mr. Vice ('.onsul. was born in
but am a resident Athens.
Do you have another child here in
(the) on1y
have one on1;)' son who
has invited me to [come to] .America. And
two grandchildren.
as long as
GREEK BASIC COURSE
39
Your file to be and as long as
your has completed the form 1-130
1-130, you can leave for America soon.
to raise, to lift, to pick up
to S,lear
stand up, raise your right hand and
swear that everything you have said and
written is true.
(the) witness, martyr
s,,,ear that what said and wrote 15 true.
50 help God (Iand God is witness
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Un1t 40
-------
Basic D:La10gue
--------------
'Greek Is1ands'
Frank
wonder
wonder what is1and can spend my vacation
this sUl1U11erJ
bewitch, charm,to fascinate
Wb;y don' t you go - to the island
which has channed a11 foreign tourists?
equally
simultaneous]y
J Come J are you telling him to go to
!Vkonos,which is a touristic iBland?
'Why don't you suggest another litt1e is1and
h:im, which is just as beautiful but 1s
(simultaneously) quiet?
Frank
-6
(t1,e) disagreement, objection
rea1, true, genuine
Gan you please tell me the reason for your
objection? don't care 1f Mikonos does
have 10ts tourists.
GREEK BASIC COLTRSE
40
What want i5 a real island environment.
(the) hustling, crowd,
Yes,but when you get [there) and the
real thing, that is to say the hustle-
bustle and the commotion so many thousands
foreign visitors cause (provoke), you
will change your mind.
Frank
Yes.,but don't forget,-Frank,being an American,
is used to comfort and think he '11 find
everyth1ng he needs this island.
Frank
willing
rustic
Not always,John. am willing to live a
rustic life in a simple little country
house far from civilization this
unkno\m
(the) tourism
Well then, if that is so, go somewhere el5e-
to Greek island. that tourists 't
about
charming, enchanting
445
G REEK BASIC COURSE
pri1nitive
And there, together with the enchantments
nature, you'll enjoy a real Greek way
life-- simple, perhaps a little primitive,
but genuine.
certain
to look !or, to search
Frank
Frank;
Frank
;
Frank
Narrative
-6
446
to glorify
tiresome
trouble, worry
to relax
clarity
GREEK BASIC COURSE
40
to glitter, to flash
optimisJ1l
caJJnness
glance
to wander; to be
horizon
apex, zenith
)
j to reflect (oneself)
surface
.
microscopic
pir:turesque
fantastic
brilJiant
artificial
unnatural
':
447
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ELvaL
EivaL
L
EivaL
ElvaL
G REEK BASIC COURSE
REVIEW
Review Dr1lls
Fill in each blank w1th the proper Simple Past form the verb given the righ1o.
_
12
24 1954.
449
GREEK BASIC COURSF
10
450
G REEK BASIC COURSE
REV1EVI 35 - 110
-----------.
Narrative
unconcerned, careless
going
decision
family (adj.)
the following
emotion
preparation
slope
,
451
GREEK BASIC COURSE
, t " , 6 ' t
Katllarevusa Cont.Pest fonll be discussed in later units
'In the Courtroom
G REEK BASIC COURSE
( )
Why [are there] so many people (tlle
of) the Criminal Court?
(the) case,
trial, action
(the) homicide
Because there's a trlal a man
accused murder.
public, common
in confusion
(the) crime
to be carried out,to be executed
cold
in cold
indeed,
(the) indignation
whole public [opinion] is excited,
because this crime was conunitted cold
blood and provoked a great deal
indignation indeed.
(the) de.fense
453
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(1)
-6
451,
to present
abominable, atrocious
(the) action
Of course the defense attorneys are trying
their best ('by means') to present
their c1ient as mentally
irresponsible for his abominab1e action.
(the) inquiry
to be carried out, to be condllcted
(the) arrest, capture
(the) ki11er, murderer
But dur1ng the preliminary investigation,
which was conducted immediately after the
arrest the murderer,
to be provFJd
to
criminal
it was proved that he had p1anned his
crime detail.
to s tay near, to remain
of two months
\Vhat As know 've
just returned from England where stayed
for about two months and haven't the
sligl1test idea.
GREEK COURSE 41.
(1)
to fight, to wage wa.r
punishment
judge
to judge
symphony, symphonic
criminal
__
455
G REEK BASIC COURSE
*to study
456
GREEK BASIC COURSE
457
41
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 42
(the) motive, stimulus
(the) robbery
It appears that the motive of the crime was
robbery.
(the) victim
regu1ar
regular1y
(the) remittance (money)
The victim used to get remittances regular1y
from his relatives who live in America.
perio<i six nlontrJS
(the) idemnity, coml)enSation
Also he received a large payment from the
government six montlls ago.
(the) powld (sterling)
He had aLl this money, the greatest part of
which was in sterling and in dollars,
in his house.
(the) autJlor ,perpetrator, culprit
(the) habit, custom
The criminal knew that, because he observed
458
GREEK BASIC COURSE
UN1T 42
27
the way life and the habits the
victiln for some tiJne.
And he had noticed that the victim _ a
young man hard1y 27 years old - used to
return home very 1ate at night.
period of 20 days
to act
50 about twenty days ago he decided to act.
(the) pass-key
He and opened the door o:f the young
man's house at night using a pass-key
to hunt for the money everywhere.
to hide
(the) trunk
The young man had hidden a11 h1s money in
an old trunk which he inherited from his
father.
(the) coincidence
by chance, accidental]y
t so happened that the victim came home
early that night,
in the very act; f1agrante
delicto
459
G REEK BASIC COURSE
(3)
and he caught the 111urderer in the act
01: operlinE the trunk.
(the) weapon.
to carry arms. to be armed
(the) revolver
(the) twinkle
(the) eye
to shoot
But the killer. who carried a revolver.
took it out and shot the victim quick as
a wink (three tirnes).
to hit. to strike
te
(the) brain, head
to expire. to die
Two the bullets hit the unfortunate young
fellow in the head and he died almost
instantly.
to strikejpersuadej
prevail upon
repeated, successive
(the) stroke
(the) corpse
The murderer however was not satisfied that
he had kil1ed the young man with the
revolver in continuation') he pulled
out a kni!e and stabbed the body repeatedly.
(the) shooting
460
GREEK BASIC COURSE
42
, "
Meantime the neighbors, vho heard the shouts
(3)
Useful words
--------...,----
(3)
the vict:un and the shooting, ran and
caught the killer just he was leaving.
to not:if'y
(the)
to arrive in time,
to arrest
(the) gendarmerie
They notified the police immediately and
in a little while the gevdarmes arrived
and arrested the and took him to
the gendarrnerie.
generO\ls
to send, to dispatch
thief
to ridicule. to mock
wild
sc:ientist
century
pr:i.son. jail
In the follo,l:ing sentences. change the singular forms into
crnCTL
461
GREEK BASI( COURSE
462
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 43
-------
43
(3)
(the) contradiction
to contend. to maintain
to assail. assault. attack
There. the preliminaI'Y investigation
the criJninal fell in a series
contradictions. He contend.ed that the
young man had attacked hiJn first.
to follow
as they say
(the) strugc1e. fight
(the) solf-defensc
then
to stab
His stoI"J that a fight and he
was forced to shoot (finding hiJnself)
in self-defense and .t.llen to stab hiJn.
aurlacity,
Can you imaginel I'mat a nerveJ
medical
G REEK BASIC COURSE
(thc) trace
J
signJ mark
But the coroner's examination did not
trace of
And wh;y was he in the victim's house?
invited; guest
(the) paperJplaying cards
Perhaps he contended that he had been
invited and went there at night to play
cards with
(the) investigator
J
examiner
(the) vague speaking
MaYbe /., 'lhey told me that he answered
incoherently ('with a lot of vague
the questions of the
investigators as to what [he was doing in
the house].
thjl1gs look bad for him
That is the storyJ and as you can see
J
things
look very bad for the murderer.
-ov
(the) savagery
last
J
extreme
(the) penaltyJ punishment
nOLVWV.
And because of the savagery of the crime he
may face the extreme punishment.
464
,
,
apJ;liC'ation
Political Discussion
----------------------
G REEK BASIC COUR SE
40
The (worlt) sessions the Parliament
have been discontinued, and after a
period of 40 days are going to have new
elections.
of service, of office
(the) caretaker
(the) conduct
Do you lmOH who is going to be the chairman
of the caretaker government which is to
undertake the conduct of the electionsi
(the) prime minister
capable
efficient
honest.
objective
think wi11 be the Prime Ninister_-
a efficient, honest and very
objective man.
to come down
470
GREEK BASIC COURSE
electoral
(the) system
44
Whic11 parties are ('coming
down to') the elections7 And what
electoral S'Jstern will be used ('adopted')1
basic
The same big, basic and traditionaJ parties.
And probably two three other
independent
as for
proJjortional
As for the electoral systern the simple
(
proportional has been decined
( 18J.OI)ted )
(the) (of voteS)
(tlJe) minority
majority (adj.)
I"'hy not the [simple] majol'ity [system]7
broad
(the )c'ircum.ference, distr'ict
to impl'ove
perceptibJy
(t.he) level
the sir,lplE: prolJ01'tiolk1J system wi 1,11
broader suffrage going
to im;Pl'ove the qua1ity ('level') tho
471
GREEK BASIC COURSE
consequently
(the) votcr
eclectj.c, elective
T}lerefore i1.. will rnake the voters more
eclectic.
to foresee, to anticjrate
to concentrate, to coJ.J.ect
(tlle) vote, suffl'age
\.'hat are ]1redic:tions ('you foz'esee')
for the next election5? "rJhich pal'ty,
in opinion i5 going get the
the votes'1
(the) protJabil:i.ty
(the) victoI'Y
think the I1ernocratic party 11a5 the best
chance ties to win.
to
to exclude
But expCI'ience has tauGht not to Utl.f
the lJ110x}'6cted. the l'olitical histoI"j
cOllntry i5 fu11 unexpectec]
G REEK BASIC COURSE
44
.
6 ~ 6 ;
~ ~ o , , . ;
~ o ' ;
6 6 ~ o ~ ~ ~ ;
;
~ , , ;
6 6 6 ;
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 45
-------
little while ago you were telling me about
the unexpected [events] of our political
life. What do you attribute this
(tthis
(the) factor
sociological
(the)
sociological and temperamental [factorsJ.
many factors: political,
(3)
lXEL
J ,
4'14
to ignore
to win
if for a moment we were to ignore
those unexpected [eventsJ,do you think
the Democratic party can win7
1es, especial1y in the rural areas where
it has a great many followers.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
civi1, civic, urban
45
However, doubt the possibilities
its success in the 1arge cities
(rurban centers
I
).
(trIe) pror:raro
(the) signal, siel1, sym1Jol, emb1em",
slogan
The prograros and slogans the Democratic
party are very ancient;
(the) progress
progressive
and as we know, peop1e in big citics want
parties with progressive ideas--
present, actua1
jdeas and profI'c\Ins Wllich corresponcl to the
present socia1 prob1ems and presstIres.
Yes, but a11 these [ideas and pr'ograI!'JS] often
become for the security
the cotJntry.
(3) to dispute, to quarre1
1175
think that discussion has taken an
urifortunate turn ('enterecl an ugly road
GREEK BASIC COlJRSE
and wilJ. probably end up in a quarrel.
(the) bal1ot-box
Let's wait for the results the vote(Ibal-
lot-boxes' ) and let's talk it over.
think you 'r'e right. So long.
Dri11
to call, to name
cautious, reserved
reserve
liberal
conservative
Grammatical Notes
-----------------
Verb: Some katharevusa verb forms used spoken Greek.
The party was given in the villa
He disappeared.
476
GREEK BASIC COURSE
45
.this crime was commited in cold blood
the preliminary investigation
mich was conducted
"
.... .jt was .
murderer \las not satisfied
this road _las (found) under COJlstructioll.
.and when it was proved t11at he WD.S in
good health
The above sentences illustrate verb fonns whicll are sometimes used in
spoken Greek.
first six sentences show the use 01' katharevusa verb forms to
the Simple Past of Class ver1Js. The last two sentences ShOl;l the use of verb
forms corresponding to that of the Continuous Past of Class 111 verbs.
Since conjugation in katharevusa will be discussed in detail in Volume 111 of
this course, these forms should be memorised as vocabulary items at this stage.
Dative Case.
'lliank God.
,
in any case
,
, , ,
in continuation
meant:iJne
in cold blood
in retirement
above sentences show the use of the Dative Case. Dative Case i5 used in
especially after certain prepositions.
spoken Greek the Dative CaSG is used in sonIe set expressions only as illustrated
by the above sentences,which been taken from units.
The dative case wi11 be discussed in detail in Volume 111 of this
477
GREEK BASIC COURSE
3rd Decl. ambassador.
The katharevusa declension of this i8:
.
G.
.
.
3rd Decl. factor.
The katharevusa declension the above is:
c..
Pl.
Usef'ul words
----------,--
(3)
standpoint, point of view
to be elected
to function
existence
monarchy
absolute monarcby
constitutional monarchy
republic
dictatorship
parliamentary system
parliamentary
authority, power,
government
law
legislative
power
G REEK BASIC COURSE 45
branch
Ca legislature
executive
power
assemb]y, meeting
senate
senator
state
TJI.e ll.1J.
/
479
General Assemb]y of the U.N.
Security Council
Asia
Africa
Europe
North Amcrica
South Amcrica
England/Great Britain
Switzerland
Soviet Union
Cypr\ill
Japan
India
Israel
Canada
F'cople , s Re!JulJlic of Chj.
Turkey
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ o
.
~ ~ o ~ ~ ~
o ~ .
~
;
~ ;
~ ~ . o ~ ;
. ;
~ . o ~ ' ~ ;
~ ' ~ ~ ~ ;
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;
o ~ o ' ~ ' E & ~ ;
~ . . . ;
480
G REEK BASIC COURSE
REVIEH
Reviffil Drills
s tat.e, er'
revolution
pronunciation
wrestlAr
evolut.ion
REVI},'Vl 4, -45
1. Change the fOnQS the underlined verbs to past; make other changAs where
,
Ol
2. Change the present tense forms the verbs to make otller changes Wllere
GREEK BASIC COURSE
necessary.
3. Fill in each blaru< with the proper fonn of the word given the riEht.
'
482
(J JntK BASIC COURSE
ot _
________
pLnv
41 - 1.;$
,
_
_ _
_
483
G REEK BASIC CO URSE
_
15
4. In the following sentences fill the blaw:s with the items listed below.
crUVEXECq:
______________ ,
________________
't6
IFine Arts
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 46
-------
(Mr. Courbet)
46
Good afternoon, sir. hope you
met
(the) opening (of an exhibition)
etc.
met you at the opening Mrs.Alice
[art] exrdbition in Athens, [last]
Yes, course. Ho\l are you?
to meet again
it happened
very well, thank you. Since we were
fortnnate enougll to meet again 8.t her
exhibition in Paris today,
tms time can ask about your opinion
her works. How do you like (Ifind
l
)
thern?
47
487
to be to consist of
Tlle Greek tl',jdi tion, as you know, consists
of element3 fl'OlT, 3ncicnt, Dyzantinc and
popuJRr art.
to preserve, to maintain
(the) characteristic traits
Therefore, the intention a Greek artist
is to try to presel've certain
charactcristic traits from the ancient
and art,
to apply, to adapt, to fit
to adjust
specific
(the) trec:ty
to adapt them to the speciSic condHionr;
today,
modern Grcek
and then, as time goes to create a
new modern Grcek tradition.
easy to understand, intelligiblr,
(the) infinity
GREEK BASIC COURSE
forever
(the) art painting
488
It is easy to understand that the
elements the art the past will not
be preserved [unchanged] forever in
Greek painting.
(the) conscience consciousness
-,
They will s:i.mp1y cormect UB with the past,
they will give UB the awareness
(tlle) :i.mpetus
and an impulse a pure new modern
Greek tradition.
(the) way thinJdng
Tllis is the reasoning certain
Greek artists,
and we can understand from the works
this lady that it has a great influence
the development modern Greek art.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 48
U1J1'r 48
Because the artists search for origina1ity
and forget their heri tage ('lmoH1edge ).
to forget
side by side
And a10ng with the old heritage ('know1edge')
they have forgotten ('side by side)the prob-
1erns of art,
to be changed, to change (intr.)
(the) inventor
to discover, to revea1
and they have been transformed into
inventoI's who are on1y interested in
d.is COveI"Y
to deve10p, to progress
But tlle world and ideas and art do undergo
an evolution, sirl
to depend
50 hm, can ignore the present and its
needs and depend entirely the past?
to over100k
rnust not overlook the fact that the
modern painters a150 create mirac1es in
their Hay today.
!1odern ar't a150 has a 10t to offer.
490
GREEK BASIC COURSE
49
491
(the) example
for
For cxar'iJJ]e }et's at a Picasso pictUl'8
in the ot-!!er room.
to l'osist" t.o be gainst
(the) rule, law, precept
It's against the rules the art
painting, but j.t.
Yes, maybe,but don't forget that there's
only
Let me finish,
spectatoJ'
crec,ti.ve
model"11 pictU1'e, in my opinion, must
provoke the to participate
creat.ively (Iin creetive art').
The spectator must think and create the
GREEK BASIC COURSE
rLO:
ELvaL
(w. genitive case)
ELvaL
492
picture together with the artist.
(the) violin
For examp1e when we 100k at the Picassols
'Vi01in you and it in different
ways,
(the) irnagination
(the) fee1ing, sentiment
since, as
each us 1etting a part his
irnagination, emotions [or] fee1ings
[work] (Iin it
I
) since therels enough
room in i t for both us.
NatlIra11y this art is more
difficu1t for someone to understand than
the picture by Mrs.Boyadzis--
which, believe me, admire as mlIch as
do.
above, over, beyond
I3ecause above a11 it masks its fee1ings
and elicits your emotion. And think
this is the most important thing a
painter can achieve.
to again
We11, it was good seeing you again.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
49
Especial1y since we had the opportunity
of exchanging a fevl words (and ideas).
to draw a concltJsion, to infer
to incline
(the)
hope that you di(jn 't mislJnderstand what
sai(l and draw a concltJsion that am
inclined to.Tards surrealisrn.
to adore, to worship
You must know that adore art and adrrire
every work which is really worth while,
whether it's classical or modern;
(the) colHsion, conflict
artistical
(the) developnent
;"nd as well as you do that the
of artistic styles is an
important factor in the development of
art.
Courbet
493
G REEK BASIC: COURSE
Cou:rbet
Cou:rbet
Renaissance
rxpEv.o
portrait
favorable
comment
critic
abstract
concrete
eJqJl'ession
li.ght
**********
creCltion
-----------------------
of'
494
GREEK BASIC COURSE
------------------_._---.-------
49
* to p\1rsue
495
GREEK BASIC COURSE
IThe Greek Theatre
I
(3)
, ,
to originate, to come from
verb
to act
to move
in front
illusion
especial1y
to consist
narrat10n
representation
stage, scene
moralizat1on
B.C.
A.D.
to chant
altar
as t:iJne passes
dancer
to be detached, separated
to respond
to [eign, to pretend
to play a part
to appoint
notDble, elder
497
mr.n 50
goat
like
feminj.ne
mask
to distinguished
sl10e
busl<.in
vertical
stripe, flutine of a colvnnl
to be lifted, raised
to be separated
each, every
to compete
teaching
to trley were parti-
cipating)
to be saved, to be presel'ved.
place, location
name an altar
to build, to construct
wooden
semi-circle
seat
ho] J OW, concave
to substitute
construction
oblong
front of a stage
side-scene
obl ique, lat.c['al
G REEK BASIC COURSE
(1)
Cognates
)
"
passaEe
stone (adj.)
openair
food
this, that
point
moral
to
semi-chorus
chanter
to present
to contain, to hold for
coryphaeus, leader of tl1e chor-W;j
drama
lyric
dithyramb
epos
dialogue
choral part of a dance
tragic
comic
comedy
satyr
ode
hypothesis, affair, plot
hero
tetralogy
satyric
marble (adj.)
hypocrite
Chorus, dance
(J R S C c: () R S So
cycle
600
* (sec Note 50.4)
ll99
GREEK BASlC COURSE
1.1/2
50
12
15 7
520-250 3200
7 7 18 1
12
, , ,
fOl' "
500
GREEK BASIC COURSE 50
Grannnatical Notes
The jcatharevusa style seems to be mOl'e appl'opriate to the suJJject o.f tJle above
narrative.
Therefore, the student find in i t a nUl1lber of katharevusa preposit.ions, SUCfl as
etc., as well as katharevusa verb, noun and adjecti endillgs, most of wJlich
have already teen discussed in our previous Notes, e. g. 3rd pers. s1nc;.
and Continuous Past endings and ; final - of nOlli1S and Vc3; the
- of the accusative case of masc. and fem. nouns, etc.
Katharevusa verb forllls.
The 3rd pers. plur. Continuous Past endinc; of Class 111 i8
etc.
It should be noted that the dhimotiki equivalent VlJrb to
is 'to move, to shake', which is inflected like other Class 111 verb III
-
Note 50.2 Verb: Past tense in katharevusa.
Note 30.3 it was stated tllat in the katharevusa st;yle of the Greelc tllC
augrr.cnt is always used with the past tens9 fonns the v01'b, nottlithstandjnc; tlle
Although verb forms will be discussed in detail in the IJotes of Volwne
of this Course. some statement3 concerning the past tense aUfJTIcnt, based
501
GREEK BASIC COLJRSE
which occur in the above are given here:
The augment ( )
two forms:
according to traditional Greek grammars, can have
(,) a prefix ( the verb stem beg:i.ns with a
COIlSOl1Hnt, or
(2) a modification of the initial when the verb stem
begins a vowel.
,)
consists the syllable prefi.xed to the verb stem. In verbs with
prefiX cs, thc auvnent follows those prefi.xes. final vowe1 of the prefi.x (except for
and is lost.
t )
+
)
(
t
)
( + )
It sl,0u1(1 be noted that the prefix t)t-has the fonn before the augment,
e.E;., the verb ).
2)
<J.HD"lent consists a change of the initial vowe1 of the verb stem.
Thus, verbs boe;in with or change this to ,and those 'W'hich
IJGgin with 0- change it to w-
Pres.tense
----------
)rd P.Sg. )rd p.Sg. 3rd r.Sg.
(
(For more details vowel changes see Volume 111 of this Course).
502
G REEK BASIC COURSE
$0
Verb: Dhimotiki suffix
As seen from Note 45.1 the C1ass verb S:imp1e Past suffix does not occur in
katharevusa.
Notes and 34.1 some examples of verbs of 'Mixed' conjugation were given. These
C1ass verbs, 5uch as C C etc. a1so fonn their Simple Past wi th the
suffix etc.)
Actua1ly the use of the suffix - in dh:imotiki i5 predictab1e, the genera1 rule
being as f0110ws:
verb in dhirnotiki, matter wlIich c1ass i t be10ngs to takes the suffix -
EJcamples:
Note 50.4 Letter-numera1s
The Ancient Greeks used 1etters of the alphabet to write numbers. This custon\ is stil1
used sometirnes to designate ordinal nwnerals, for to mark the numbers of a police
precinct, etc.
Tnese letter-numera1s are as follows:
2
3
4
5
6
7
,
8
9
10
11
12
13
20
etc.
Noun: )rd dec1. nouns.
(transferab1e in dhirnotiki to the 1st decl.
.
50)
P1ur.
G.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(transferable in dhilTlotiki to the 1st decl.
Sincr
Plur.
--_11.
in dhimotiki to the 1st decl.
Plur.
f .
(transfera.blf! in dhimotiki to the 1st decl.
G.
Sing.
Plur.
(transferablF.J in to the 1st decl.
Sing. Pl\Jr.
in dhjn1nti.ki to the 1st decl. )
G.
Sing.
Plur.
(trilnsferable in dhimot.iki 1.0 the 1st decl.
G.
Sing.
. ,
504
Plur.
, ,
G REEK BASIC COURSE
50
(transferable jn to the 1st decl.
Plur.
G.
tr.
G.
,
PIU1'
reliv.on
tJIeOI',1i
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Gl.OSSARY
indign.-1ti.on
dear, beloved
ancient
Eneland
ho]y, saint
(f.)
(adj)
EL;yptian
Fgypt
fceli.ng, sensation,
HountAthos perception
45
31
to i/pore
\oIild, savage
ferocity, savaLery
contest, struggle
contest
to empty
irlIpassable
uninterrupted
indiscreet
dead end
jet
26
optimism
cent
integral, entirA
in Wll01e, in full
motionless
to follow
seashore, beach
sG8shore
true, genuine
change, choice
airport
repeated, successive
car, carriage
43
aviation
pediment
immortal
innocent, not
innocence
to be acquHted
rmIard, salary
defense
doubt
Aegean Sea
. ,
506
upon, over
G REEK BASIC COURSE
33 to to be
27
30 R
48
48
36
light, take fire
T1Pnaissanco
to force, oblige
to investigat,e
to discover, reveal
re1ief
invest.iEator
to
rroportional
(letR:il
35
45
49
50
the day
worry
blooming
human
"nomicide
spring ; I1.d:J )
open sea
srare part
to exchange
to correspond
to be against,resist
to subst,itute
involved objective
, ,
26
arnong, between
burning
to ronew
object
pass-key
47 to understand, perceive
40
33
34
representation
to rEJlax
mishap,
to turn upside
developnent
excavation
in confusion
east,
eastern
to quote, mention
departure
wind
independent
35
30
27
to face, confront
political opposition
representation
objection,contradiction
to object
contradiction
higher, superior
vague spca!d.ng
to recite
apathy, indifference
required, necessary
answer
to be busy, occupied
38 to to, come upto deceitful, deceptive
32
irresponsj.ble
to belong
507
infinity
forever
G REEK BASIC COURSE
41 to be proved
36
35
26
opposite, in front
to apply
antiquated,outdated
busy
improbable
to take
afternoon (adj.)
to
26
27
to part with
separation
standpoint
April (adj.)
April
unforseen,unexpected
fluent1y
to be late
masterp1ece
26 to Lrant negative
indemnity, comfje!1Sat,j.on fiance
26
44
to reveul,uncovel',dis-
close
to exclude
archaeological
archaeologist
notable, elder j apex, zenHh
perfume
to be dctachad,sepal'ated
50
33
50
42
to respond
ansHerer'
absolute
to hush
distanco
to sencl, dispatcll
40
let's
Asia
Asiatic
song
ace
joke
liglrtning
to glitter, flash
30
to memorizc ,learn by (
heart
star
astronaut
50
41
40
35 R
retirenlf>nt
resnlt
to consj.st
abominable,atrocious
decision
to say goodbye
508
civil, civic, urban
po1ice
police (adj.)
incomparable
unusual, pecu1iar
paved with asphalt
G REEK BASIC COURSE
northe<Jstcrn
nort.hwestern
North America
nol'th
parliamentary
parliament
prize, award
onJ hey youl
YOU over thcrel
end1ess
steam navigation
b;)' ship
Attica
unfortunate
( ) August
increase
austere
Austra1ia
seli'-defense
j ElnperoI'
in the very act
' in the very act
vanished
abstract, absent-
43 to be 1eft a10ne
insupportab1e, tiresol!le
Africa
unnatura.1
without charm, dtu.1
44
baron
basic
queen
to
green
villa
industria1
industrialist
store windo,:
ch3racteristic trait
g1ance
steering \'Ihee1
... 34
to b1amc
v-adualJy
degree
decp
barbarian
(small)boat
weight, burden
heavy, strong
29
42
Byz:>ntine
a1tar
blue
callTlness
to ridi to )1I00'k
GREEK BASIC COURSE
{lPE- old-t:i1ner
generous
picturesque
eye[lasses
28 to shine. poliHh
feminine
40 to look for. seek
corner. ang1e
1H,tle corner
to
birth
Senate
32
General Assemply of
)
senator
bridge
geometrical
agricu1tm'al
earth
( )
torCfJ
fOl'est
toI'cfI
lJecember
repoI't. bulJetin
Yugoslav1.a
Japanese
vest
35
to tie oncself
reception. party
second
legitirnate.genuine.1awfu1
precipice
gray
scu1ptor
scu1pture
knowledge. erudition
expert
woman 's shoes.
28
as they say
to declare
creation
cl'cati
to create. prodllce
democratic. I'epub1ican
newspaperman
pub1ic
30 R
,
to charm
fur
secretary
writ.ten
lubrication
popu1ar
for
50 to coJrJPete
crO\om prince
divorce
510
G REEK BASIC COURSE
27 to be interrupted
50 to be
disposal,mood,disposi-
tion
dj.aJ.ogue
il1tellectual
judicia1 power
1awsu1t,case,trial
dictatorship
two months
night duty 30 to be given
34
47
32
famous, celebrated
amus1ng
to cross
wi.1ling
to preserve. ma1ntain
fomality
clarit.y
to differ
disag.reement.objection
teach:ing
ton
not 1n the least
double
degree
record. disc
Idller, murderer
transaction. dealings
efficient
cu1prit.author.perpetra-
tor
runner
44
to teach time-table
41
conduct
to be carried out
interpreter
42
cool
to act
possible
40
28
to wontier
director.
to faciHtate
26
west
to f1nd it hard to do
western
narration
33
to relate. to tell
crime
brain. head
document
to establlsh onese1f
opening (exhibition,etc)
in
(
31
judge
judge
dith;yramb
41
26 to justif'y
( court justice.court-
room
511
GREEK BASIC COURSE
duty free
expression
motive)st:imulus
very small, minimum
Switzer1and
Sw1ss woman
Swiss
inspection, examination
crim:inal
crirn:iJlal (a. )
local
etiquette
nation
specialist
speciaJty
42
to notify
icon, picture
space 20 years
( ( 20 days
( 24 hrs.
41
35
execut1ve power
to be executed,carr1ed out
to check,i nspect,exam:i.ne
free, independent, single
o1ive
rernittance (money)
26 W
45
sincere, i'rank
irony
in
district attorney
each, every
resu1t, issue, event
to be elected
eclectic, elective
. ,
50
appearance
1rmate
against
beginning
dressed
dress,garment,clothes
to act
enthusiastic
chosen, select ( ) enthus1asm
elector1\l
35 to be armihiJ.a.ted
) astonishnJunt, surprise
strengthened,fortified
lease, renting,letting
juror
42
to expire, to die affidavit
ecstatic
performance,execution
512
importunity
boring, armoy1ng
GREEK BASIC COURSE
27
.
. ,
(
28
48
33
t.o
guilty
while
:1n front of
earJy
eccentric
period of 6 months
to cash
to depend
to d:i sappear
evolution,development
34
to float
furnish:iJ1g (a house)
official
visitor
science
scientist
return
charge'" d' affaires
to attack,assault,assail
surface
cautious, reserved
reserve
argument
48
to develop,to progress
examination,investiga-
tion
the fo110\dnI:;
exit
followine
consequentJy
36
40
43
)
49
( )
hence
authority, power
to authorize, entitle
to g10rify
street door
profession
to follow
revolution
contact
embarcat.ion
inscription, sign
pursue
last name
wish
otJlong
level
contractor
investigation, research
red
even:1ng (adj.)
last,
Evvo5:a
fragile
favorat,le
intellj gjble
favorable
woI1-to-do
broad
Europe
GREEK BASIC COURSE
applicqtion
inv'}f}t,or
U.A.R.
s,s as
"
quiet, still
caJm, tranquility
hero
dat':J
sCJ.u.-circle
!OOJ'a1izaLion
moral
sca (adj.)
( ( ) Hi.'.tC't' ski
azure
death
30
to admire
adrniration
spectator
32 to offend
audacity, impudence
*
storm
*
sem3.-chorus
Unite<i Nations
belt, zone
<{llGstion, issue
painteJ' (artist)
couple, pair
Zeu:'1
pair
January
Japan
StDtes of
America
Japanese
medical
"
of medical jurisprudence
ideal
special, palticu1ar
tarnperament,idiosyncrasy
GREEK BASIC COlJRSE
(ot)
especial1y
saint ,holy
nat1ve
satisfaction
capable
vertigino'lls
Ju]y
India
,,
June
invited
artistica1
moru{
( ) corn the fOOG)
ballot-box.
30 call, to invHc
30 R to \-Jelcome
ch!lITLlx:; r maid
camQl
( raincoat
)'1),'1.(18 of
( ground-floor
, Israe1
race of sai1ing boats
historica1
43 to contend, maintain
trace,sign,marl(
Ccul<'lda
1a\I, pl'ccept
) J1a t.
somcn'1!lere
scat'f
dj.ving, sinld.ng
stonll
SllOP
) everytl1:ing
cathedra1 (adj)
very red
accoX'c1ine Hhat. ho sald
40
vertica1
seat
routq
to ref1ect
as wel1 as
cr:i.rnina1 court
32
31
33
ver,)'
quit,e bJ.ack
to
to be reduced to
to sy:allow
surprislng
at first
a't, first
GREEK BASIC COURSE
50
to bui:w., construc-t
28
heir
to inherit
manufacture, construction 49
to incline
to strike,persuade,pre- parliamentary system
vail upon ( )
toarrive in time public
42
42
30R
spy
very white
affirrnative
to come down,descend
theft
buskin
ooncaw
sociolog:i.cal
very enthusias"t.ic
red
44 to come
bay
direction bathing
37 to be accused
elegant
then
under any circumstances
occupied
the
tiresome
leader of a chorus
crO\m
heads and tails
31
cellar
Centaurus
thunderbolt
to treat
capital letter
jewel
social
cosmopolitan
]1umor, good mood
(,'!1)J1a
People '3 RepulJlic
ChjJ1a
50
to move, to sha'ke
state, poIi'er
crisis,opinion,review
critic
50
35
movement,ge3ture,step
to mOve
branch
to lock
thief
!1croCJ,i:i
cruise
to hide
beast, cattle
strolce,
government
cycle
GREEK BASIC COURSE
traffic
because
remaininE, 1eft
fiower
loveJy dress
hil1y
(adj)
31 to solve
Jyric
solution
29
driver's license
swan
wave
to f1uctuate
CyprUs
taken in the proper
sense
generalJy
comic
comedy
rO\oring
cook (fema1e)
27
49
(
45
011
to be taken,received
to adore,to worship
adorer,worshiper
function, liturgy-
to function
40
to bewitch,fascinate
soft
greengrocer
mania, rage, frenzy
marb1e (adj)
eVidence
to 100k over, exam:ine
black
Marcll
wmdty
1ook, glance
valley
thin,slim,delicate
detai1ed,thorough
white
48
to
r01)bery
very, much
43
witness,
to st&b
port office
harbor-master
pound ster1ing
erudite,learned man
literature
41
.517
battle, fight
largest, bi gest
drunk, intoxicated
minority
to study
GREEK BASIC COURSE
IILl.ddle, waist
mediterranean
inland
Mediterranean Sea
wi th
48 to be
goU1G
a11 at once
motorcyc1e
musician
grocer
trunk a traveler)
uncle, man
battery
ernigration, blue
36 to enlizrate blouse
engineer
windmill
miller
mystery
rn;ysticism
purple
mosaics
microscopj.c
50 to imitate
monarchy
abso1ute monarchy
27
50
emiLTant ,immigrant
rneanwh:ne
V81'iable
to CBrry, transfE,r
to partjcipate
gj.cal
moderate, fair
register
machine, a ,'paratus
since
CO!lstj.
mon1'l.rchy
monastery
the on]y son
516
painter (of buildings)
spark plug
bravol well done
instrucYjon,direction
home
to be sroi1ed,adulte;'ated ' ,
legal
31
legislature
falllil,y (ad.1)
housewife
landlol'd
Soutl. America
34
49
legislative
power
1aw
mentality
southwest (adj.)
southern
south
o1d.-fas11ioned
to be asharned
dressed
dres8
to agailJ.
45
housekeeper
space 8 years
October
little (adv.)
a11 the trne
whole, entire
OJympia
O:lympic
Homer
conversatjon
fog
the sarne race
to name, to call
called
follower
weapon,
46 to meet again
42 to can'Y anns, be armed
27
to cal1 back
"
519
whenevl',wldcheveI'
at randorn
G REEK BASIC COURSE
parfait
fatherland
traditional
( shoe, sandal
high sea
Ionian Sea
500 drachrna bill
side-scene
perforrnance
to notice,
group friends
to present
to park
passage
despite al1 these
to present
to stay near, to remain
stay; eve
strange, queer
fault
shoemaker
shoeshop
instead
to overlook
factor
example
for ex.arnp1e
paradise
tradition, surrender
situated near the sea
to to
parallel
50
32
(
48
27
26
41
education
sky
at any rate
old \oIorthless sh1r>
everyLlline, the Hh01e
Virgin
full moon
slacks
stupid, foolish
wrestler
struggle, fight
old-clothes man
whatever,anything
to to be due
none
frost
impetuous
mountain
orchestra
as for .
to swear
organization
organized
to appoint
horizon
50
39
33
520
G REEK BASIC COURSE
convinced
27 to describe (
contents
35 to contain 41
period, time
fortune,property,wealth
complicated
43 to treat, entertain
( revolver
circumference
26 to throw a\lay,to
alreadY,any mor'e
probability
pilot
sign
29 falling
certificate
slope 32
oblique,lateral
to wander,to 1)e mistaken
40
points (allto)
wide, broarj ,flat
majority
majority (adj)
side
near
42 tohit,tostril(('
44
29 to blo,"1
poem
poetry
poet
penalty,punishment
to fight,wage war
state
citizen
politics
civ11 engineer
mul
chatter
1
talkativenOS3
mm1J'-c:olored
marC}l,course
orange
aI1l0 t ,
riv(:J'
to realize
agency
actiol1
stat.ion
am1Jassador
3 kind card game
)Jrinc<Jss
princo
preliminary inquiry
front yard
to foresee
GREEK BASlC COURSE
34
50
34
33
41
47
to warn
to from
to prea:rI'ange
hardJy do so-and-so
to preJJlOditate
progres si
progress
foot the mountain
for,for the
appJy,fit , adjust
42
primitive
protocol
oriv,nality
fliE;ht
corpse
pyrarnid
shooting
to shoot
oh
invHed,guest
( front the stage
35
47
26
34
33
to land
to att;'v. f'c
nex.t
add, to form
invito
effort, endeavor
to bypass
personalJ.y
peraonality,pel'sonage
stripe
current, stream
verb
.
quick as a
pinlc
clothes
Russia
mask
portrait
preference
pre't.ex.t
pronunciation
pr:ime minif>ter
mOl'ning
30 n see .for the first
t:ime
34
30
522
season
jacket
to Heigh anchor
tube (tire)
satyric
satyr
line,row,turn,order
page
September
to
GREEK BASIC COURSE
33
39
27
28
26
31
get up, stand up
to 11ft ,to ra1se
important,significant
point
not"
sure ,certiIin
to iron, to preGs
by train
railroad
silhouette
rnan's shoes
covered
thought
stage, scene
trouble, Horroy
garbace co2.1ector'
dark
Air Force genera]
tuxedo
serious:I;y
Soviet lJnj.on
sole a shoe)
Sl-Iede
surrea1ism
devise, invsnt
rarc
sporaiic
to stand,stop
narroVl, tiEht
35
32
44
28
47
34
31
42
523
main1and Grcece
firm, fixe,i
stcTeotyperJ
to bc derJresscd
verse, 1ine
eJemcnt
WIj.forl71
goneral
militDry
to turn
V01'50, turn
relat1ye
concI'EJte (adj)
to concentrate,co1-
1
concentrationJ sather"in;'
emotion
Bxcitinr:;
COll1]IHll1ication
to compose
compa1'ison
compared
to bc comjJosedJ
collis1.on,confJict
to
to discuss
to arrest, conc,'iVIe
arrest, capture
collection
GREEK BASIC COURSE
32 to reason, t}link,consider stewardess
coincicIence
U.N.
' Security Counci1
adviser
cOlllpatriot
conservative
shortly.,
abbreviated,shortened
retired person
colonel
Constitution,regiment
neighboring
frontier,boundary
to a conclusion
to COlllplete
to symbolize 27
49
46
by chance, accidental1;y
fountain
as time passes
27 to assemble,gather
symphony,agreement
SymPl10niC
system
sphynx
36
feeling,sentiment
to meet
captivating,exciting
(
relatively,in regard
to
certain,relative
shape
comment
47 to cmll1ect,join,unite
50
to be saved,preserved
conscience,coJlsciousness
assemj,1y
a lot
entire,whole,precise
tavern owner
regularly
regular
28 to suffer,be exhausted
talent
taxicab
traveler's check
28
(
(
29
consequence
workshop
continuation
to be continued
ha')it, custom
composition
COl1lpOSer
treaty,condition
signal,sign,emblem,
slogan
overcasl., cloudy
to accmnpany,escort
trouble, disorder
identity
GREEK BASIC COURSE
way of thinking
tomb
recent).y
finalJy
customhouse
of customs
food
briefcase,handbag
cement
type, character
destiny,fate,fortune
present, actual
table-cloth
30
30
26
rough, agitated
tetralogy
artificial
technique
window pane
honest
punisl111lent
such, such as
to stress, emphasize
to put,set,place
place, location
tourism
Turkey
thiR, that
tragic
goat
to drive 8.0. crazy
tempest, storm
hYTnn
the samc old
for some rea80n
28
(
38
50
( )
26
to suffer, tolerate
obligation
ca'ldj.date
to be lifted,raiFed
judGinc; by appearance
envelopc, file
Httle lantern
to im;3.gin9
imaeination
fantastic
February
26
31
34
26
29
to wear, to put
ba!{er
blouse
dress
brake
opinion,sentiment
to take care
to be wrong, to make
a mistake, to blame
onesel!
prison, j1.il
to keep, to watch
naturally
to blow
brilliant
photographic
COURSk
33 to enjO"J
chronical,of til1le
so)]
(<!.) port.",r
low (adv)
character
( characteristics
50
dirt road
:rustic
to bc scparated
divorccd, separa ted
to
cold
votcr
of soul
to chant
menta jll
habordasher
to look for. s03rch
chanter
to co.nta::'1j, hold
roOI11 for
50
50
33
chemistry
fat,coarse,rude
dancer
snow
it snows
butcher
yesterday (adj)
a piece of handwork
paper
p1ay;ing cards
paper,map,chart
winter (adi)
29
granting,issuin8.issue
choral parG a dance
c110rus, dance
use
B.C.
year
in 001()
Ise, tus
ocea.n
GREEK BASIC COURSE
beautiful women
most beautiful
certain
like
until, til1
*******
s. (;OV1':HNMENT l!ll\fI (, -
,