St. gr.

DIN-111,
1

Ghenciu Ana

Chisinau,2011

Wood
Wood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in trees. It has been used for many years as a construction material, as a fuel or for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. It is an organic material that is composed of cellulose fibers. In a living tree it enables woody plants to grow large or to stand up for themselves. It also mediates the transfer of water and nutrients to the leaves and other growing tissues. Woody materials have been used as a source of renewable energy, because, the earth contains about one trillion tons of wood, which grows at a rate of 10 billion tons per year. The wood has three principal parts: heartwood, sapwood and bark. The name "heartwood" is derived from the heart or center part of the tree. It is the hardest and strongest part of the tree and is used to make joinery. Also wood has knots. A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood, it will affect the technical properties of the wood in different places, but it depend on the size and location. Stiffness and elastic strength are more dependent upon the sound wood than upon localized defects. A solution for this can be a knot primer paint or a special solution that is applied during preparation. However, it is difficult to control completely this problem. Aside from water, wood has three main chemical components: cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose (constitutes about 41-43%) and lignin. These three components are interwoven. A major focus of the paper industry is the separation of the lignin from the cellulose, from which paper is made. The simplest way to describe a wood is to say it's hardwood or softwood. The wood from conifers is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. The well-known balsa (a hardwood) is actually softer than any commercial softwood. The density of wood varies with species. It correlates with its strength. One of the densest woods is black ironwood. Almost any type of wood could be used to build furniture, but some woods have always been favored for their beauty, durability, and workability. Wood has always been used extensively for doing this, for example, chairs, beds, tool handles. Also, the wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. This kind of building material has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Furthermore, its a raw material for doing many types of sports equipment. But is equally important its using in the arts, where wood has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. So, the wood is one of the most important building materials that helped to develop our mankind. It was a significant step of our evolution, but, in spite of all, we should protect the trees of the world, because, namely they give us a pure air and a magnificent atmosphere.

Definition:
Wood - a hard organic material that is composed of cellulose fibers and can be found in many
trees

Properties:
Opaque, recyclable, inert, biologically active material, not fragile

Uses:
It is used as a construction material, as a fuel or for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper

Types of wood:
Earlywood and latewood Hard and soft woods. The wood from conifers is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons is called hardwood.

Specialized verbs:

Text smmary:
Wood
Wood is an organic material, that is composed of cellulose fibers and its found in trees. It has been used for many years as a construction material, as a fuel or for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The wood has three principal parts: heartwood, sapwood and bark. The heartwood is the center part of the tree, it is the hardest and strongest part and its used to make joinery. Also, wood has knots that can affect the technical properties of the wood in different places, it depend on the size and location. A solution for this can be a knot primer paint or a special solution that is applied during preparation. However, it is difficult to control completely this problem. The wood can be hardwood or softwood. The wood from conifers is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. 3

Almost any type of wood could be used to build furniture (chairs, beds, tool handles), but some woods have always been favored for their beauty, durability, and workability. Also, the wood is used as fuel mostly in rural areas of the world. This kind of building material has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Furthermore, its a raw material for doing many types of sports equipment. But is equally important its using in the arts. So, the wood is one of the most important building materials that helped to develop our mankind. It was a significant step of our evolution, but, in spite of all, we should protect the trees of the world, because, namely they give us a pure air and a magnificent atmosphere.