Pumps: Introduction

Pumps
INTRODUCTION
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Pumps: Introduction

INTRODUCTION
A Pump Converts Mechanical Energy into Hydraulic Energy.

The Mechanical Energy is delivered to the Pump via a Prime Mover such as an Electric Motor.

Pumps: Introduction

Due to Mechanical Action, Pump Creates Partial Vacuum at Inlet.

This Forces Fluid through the Inlet Line and into the Pump. The Pump then pushes the Fluid into the System. Pumps Do Not Pump Pressure, They produce Fluid Flow. Pressure is the result of Resistance to Flow Classifications of Pumps: 1. Dynamic (Non-Positive Displacement) Pumps 2. Positive Displacement Pumps

Pumps: Introduction

Pressure is the result of Resistance to Flow Pumps Do Not Pump Pressure, They produce Fluid Flow.
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Pumps Introduction

PUMP
Rotodynamic
Positive Displacement

Centrifugal Rotary Axial flow Gear Mixed flow Vane Others Screw Plunger
Diaphragm

Reciprocating

Piston

Pumps Introduction

1. Dynamic Pumps
or

Non-Positive Displacement Pumps

They used for Low-Pressure, High-Volume Flow Applications

This type of Pump is primarily used for Transporting Fluids from One Location to Another
Although these Pumps provide Smooth Continuous Flow,
Their Flow Output is reduced as circuit Resistance is increased

When the Resistance of the External System becomes Infinitely Large (For Example, a valve is closed in the outlet line) Pump will produce No Flow
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Pumps Introduction

The 2 Most Common Types of Dynamic Pumps are: The Centrifugal The Axial Flow, or Propeller Pumps.

Pumps Introduction

2. Positive Displacement Pumps

Pumping Action of a Simple Piston Pump

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Pumps Introduction

The Principle on which All Positive Displacement Pumps is based can be Illustrated with a Simple Syringe.
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Pumps Introduction

A Positive Displacement Pump ejects Fixed Amount of Fluid into Hydraulic System per revolution of Pump Shaft Rotation. Pump Output Flow, Neglecting Leakage, is Constant and Not Dependent on System Pressure. This makes them well Suited for Fluid Power Systems. Such a Pump is capable of Overcoming the Pressure resulting from the Mechanical Loads on the System as well as The Resistance to Flow due to Friction. If a Positive Pump has its Discharge Line open to the Atmosphere, There will be Flow, but there will be No discharge Pressure above Atmospheric because there is essentially no Resistance to Flow. If the Discharge Line is Blocked, Then we have Theoretically Infinite Resistance to Flow. Hence, there is No Place for the Fluid to go.
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Pumps Introduction

The Pressure will Rise until some Component Breaks unless Pressure Relief is provided. This is the Reason a Pressure Relief Valve is needed When a Positive Displacement Pump is used When the Pressure reaches a Set Value, The Relief Valve will Open to allow Flow Back to the Tank.
Pressure Relief Valve determines Maximum Pressure Level that the System will Experience regardless of the Magnitude of the Load Resistance

Pressure Relief Valves are Not Needed When Pressure-Compensated Pumps are used. Positive Displacement Pumps can be Classified by The Type of Motion of Internal Elements The Motion may be either Rotary or Reciprocating.
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Pumps Introduction

There are essentially 3 Basic Types:

1. Gear Pumps
a. External Gear Pumps b. Internal Gear Pumps c. Lobe Pumps d. Gerotor Pump e. Screw Pumps

2. Vane Pumps
a. Unbalanced Vane Pumps b. Balanced Vane Pumps

3. Piston Pumps
a. Axial Design (Bent Axis or Swash Plate). b. Radial Design Unbalanced Vane Pump have Pressure Compensation Capability,

which Automatically Protects the Pump against Overpressure.

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Pumps Introduction

GEAR PUMPS GEAR PUMPS

External Internal

Lobe

Gerotor
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Pumps Introduction

VANE PUMPS

Unbalanced Van Pump Basic Design

Variable Displacement & Pressure Compensated

Balanced Vane Pump

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Pumps Introduction

PISTON PUMPS

Bent-Axis Design

Swash Plate Design

Axial Piston Pump Radial Piston Pump

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Pumps Introduction

The "Family Tree" of Positive Displacement Pumps

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Pumps Introduction

Graphic Symbols representing Fluid Power Pumps

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Pumps Introduction

Figure 6 Positive Displacement Pump Q versus N and P versus Q

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Pumps Introduction

Performance Curves of Centrifugal and Positive Pumps

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Pumps Introduction

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